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• How to declare and use 1D and 2D byte arrays in Verilog?

  - by loveblessings

  How to declare and use 1D and 2D byte arrays in Verilog? eg. how to do something like byte a_2D[3][3]; byte a_1D[3]; // using 1D for (int i=0; i< 3; i++) { a_1D[i] = (byte)i; } // using 2D for (int i=0; i< 3; i++) { for (int j=0; j< 3; j++) { a_2D[i][j] = (byte)i*j; } }

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• Attempting to Convert Byte[] into Image... but is there platform issues involved

  - by user305535

  Greetings, Current, I'm attempting to develop an application that takes a Byte Array that is streamed to us from a Linux C language program across a TCPClient (stream) and reassemble it back into an image/jpg. The "sending" application was developed by a off-site developer who claims that the image reassembles back into an image without any problems or errors in his test environment (all Linux)... However, we are not so fortunate. I (believe) we successfully get all of the data sent, storing it as a string (lets us append the stream until it is complete) and then we convert it back into a Byte[]. This appears to be working fine... But, when we take the byte[] we get from the streaming (and our string assembly) and try to convert it into an image using the System.Drawing.Image.FromStream() we get errors.... Anyone have any idea what we're doing wrong? Or, does anyone know if this is a cross-platform issue? We're developing our app for Windows XP and C# .net, but the off-site developer did his work in c and Linux... perhaps there's some difference as to how each Operating System Coverts Images into Byte Arrays? Anyway, here's the code for converting our received ByteArray (from the TCPClient Stream) into an image. This code works when we send an image from a test machine we built that RUNS on XP, but not from the Linux box... System.Text.ASCIIEncoding encoding = new System.Text.ASCIIEncoding(); byte[] imageBytes = encoding.GetBytes(data); MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(imageBytes, 0, imageBytes.Length); // Convert byte[] to Image ms.Write(imageBytes, 0, imageBytes.Length); System.Drawing.Image image = System.Drawing.Image.FromStream(ms, false); <-- DIES here, throws a {System.ArgumentException: Parameter is not valid.} error Any advice, suggestions, theories, or HELP would be GREATLY appreciated! Please let me know??? Best wishes all! Thanks in advance! Greg

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• BlockingCollection having issues with byte arrays

  - by MJLaukala

  I am having an issue where an object with a byte[20] is being passed into a BlockingCollection on one thread and another thread returning the object with a byte[0] using BlockingCollection.Take(). I think this is a threading issue but I do not know where or why this is happening considering that BlockingCollection is a concurrent collection. Sometimes on thread2, myclass2.mybytes equals byte[0]. Any information on how to fix this is greatly appreciated. MessageBuffer.cs public class MessageBuffer : BlockingCollection<Message> { } In the class that has Listener() and ReceivedMessageHandler(object messageProcessor) private MessageBuffer RecievedMessageBuffer; On Thread1 private void Listener() { while (this.IsListening) { try { Message message = Message.ReadMessage(this.Stream, this); if (message != null) { this.RecievedMessageBuffer.Add(message); } } catch (IOException ex) { if (!this.Client.Connected) { this.OnDisconnected(); } else { Logger.LogException(ex.ToString()); this.OnDisconnected(); } } catch (Exception ex) { Logger.LogException(ex.ToString()); this.OnDisconnected(); } } } Message.ReadMessage(NetworkStream stream, iTcpConnectClient client) public static Message ReadMessage(NetworkStream stream, iTcpConnectClient client) { int ClassType = -1; Message message = null; try { ClassType = stream.ReadByte(); if (ClassType == -1) { return null; } if (!Message.IDTOCLASS.ContainsKey((byte)ClassType)) { throw new IOException("Class type not found"); } message = Message.GetNewMessage((byte)ClassType); message.Client = client; message.ReadData(stream); if (message.Buffer.Length < message.MessageSize + Message.HeaderSize) { return null; } } catch (IOException ex) { Logger.LogException(ex.ToString()); throw ex; } catch (Exception ex) { Logger.LogException(ex.ToString()); //throw ex; } return message; } On Thread2 private void ReceivedMessageHandler(object messageProcessor) { if (messageProcessor != null) { while (this.IsListening) { Message message = this.RecievedMessageBuffer.Take(); message.Reconstruct(); message.HandleMessage(messageProcessor); } } else { while (this.IsListening) { Message message = this.RecievedMessageBuffer.Take(); message.Reconstruct(); message.HandleMessage(); } } } PlayerStateMessage.cs public class PlayerStateMessage : Message { public GameObject PlayerState; public override int MessageSize { get { return 12; } } public PlayerStateMessage() : base() { this.PlayerState = new GameObject(); } public PlayerStateMessage(GameObject playerState) { this.PlayerState = playerState; } public override void Reconstruct() { this.PlayerState.Poisiton = this.GetVector2FromBuffer(0); this.PlayerState.Rotation = this.GetFloatFromBuffer(8); base.Reconstruct(); } public override void Deconstruct() { this.CreateBuffer(); this.AddToBuffer(this.PlayerState.Poisiton, 0); this.AddToBuffer(this.PlayerState.Rotation, 8); base.Deconstruct(); } public override void HandleMessage(object messageProcessor) { ((MessageProcessor)messageProcessor).ProcessPlayerStateMessage(this); } } Message.GetVector2FromBuffer(int bufferlocation) This is where the exception is thrown because this.Buffer is byte[0] when it should be byte[20]. public Vector2 GetVector2FromBuffer(int bufferlocation) { return new Vector2( BitConverter.ToSingle(this.Buffer, Message.HeaderSize + bufferlocation), BitConverter.ToSingle(this.Buffer, Message.HeaderSize + bufferlocation + 4)); }

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• To Obtain EPOCH Time Value from a Packed BIT Structure in C [migrated]

  - by xde0037

  This is not a home assignment! We have a binary data file which has following data structure: (It is a 12 byte structure): I need to find out Epoch time value(total time value is packed in 42 bits as described below): Field-1 : Byte 1, Byte 2, + 6 Bits from Byte 3 Time-1 : 2 Bits from Byte 3 + Byte 4 Time-2 : Byte 5, Byte 6, Byte 7, Byte 8 Field-2 : Byte 9, Byte 10, Byte 11, Byte 12 For Field-1 and Field-2 I do not have issue as they can be taken out easily. I need time value in Epoch Time (long) as it has been packed in Bytes 5,6,7,8 and 3 and 4 as follows: (the bit structure for the time value is as follows): Bytes 5 to 8 (32 bit word) Packs time value bits from 0 thru 31 (byte 5 has 0 to 7 bits, byte 6 has 8 to 15, byte 7 has 16 to 23, byte 8 has 24 to 31). the remaining 10 bits of time value are packed in Bytes 3 and byte 4 as follows: byte 3 has 2 bits:32 and 33, and Byte 4 has remaining bits : 34 to 41. So total bits for time value is 42 bits, packed as above. I need to compute epoch value coming out of these 42 bits. How do I do it? I have done something like this but not sure it gives me correct value: typedef struct P_HEADER { unsigned int tmuNumber : 21; unsigned int time1 : 10; // Bits 6,7 from Byte-3 + 8 bits from Byte-4 unsigned int time2 : 32; // 32 bits: Bytes 5,6,7,8 unsigned int traceKey : 32; } __attribute__((__packed__)) P_HEADER; Then in the code : P_HEADER *header1; //get input string in hexa,etc..etc.. //parse the input with the header as : header1 = (P_HEADER *)inputBuf; // then print the header1->time1, header1->time2 .... long ttime = header1->time1|header1->time2; //?? is this the way to get values out? Any hint tip will be appreciated. Environment is : gcc 4.1, Linux Thanks in advance.

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• byte + byte = int... why?

  - by Robert C. Cartaino

  Looking at this C# code... byte x = 1; byte y = 2; byte z = x + y; // ERROR: Cannot implicitly convert type 'int' to 'byte' The result of any math performed on byte (or short) types is implicitly cast back to an integer. The solution is to explicitly cast the result back to a byte, so... byte z = (byte)(x + y); // works What I am wondering is why? Is it architectural? Philosophical? We have: int + int = int long + long = long float + float = float double + double = double So why not: byte + byte = byte short + short = short ? A bit of background: I am performing a long list of calculations on "small numbers" (i.e. < 8) and storing the intermediate results in a large array. Using a byte array (instead of an int array) is faster (because of cache hits). But the extensive byte-casts spread through the code make it that much more unreadable.

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• Megjelent a Berkeley DB 11gR2 verziója

  - by Lajos Sárecz

  Kedden jelent meg az Oracle Berkeley DB legújabb, 11gR2 verziója. A Berkeley DB a piacvezeto nyílt forráskódú beágyazható adatbázis-kezelo. Mivel a Berkeley DB egy library formájában érheto el, így közvetlenül az alkalmazásba linkelheto, ennek köszönheto a rendkívül nagy teljesítmény és a zéró adminisztráció igény. Az új verzió újdonságai: - SQLite támogatás - JDBC és ODBC kapcsolat támogatása - Android platform támogatása A közelmúltban írtam az Oracle Lite új verziójáról is, amely ugyancsak támogatja az SQLite-ot. Nem véletlen a hasonlóság, szándékos cél volt a fejlesztok részérol hogy mostantól az Oracle Database Lite Mobile Server egyszerubben szinkronizálható lesz Oracle Berkeley DB mobil alkalmazásokkal. Az új verzió 2010 március 31-tol lesz letöltheto.

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• Creating 3DES key from bytes

  - by AO

  I create a triple DES key from the a byte array ("skBytes") but when calling getEncoded on the triple DES key ("sk") and comparing it to the byte array, they differ! They are almost the same if you look at the console output, though. How would I create a triple DES key that is exactly as "skBytes"? byte[] skBytes = {(byte) 0x41, (byte) 0x0B, (byte) 0xF0, (byte) 0x9B, (byte) 0xBC, (byte) 0x0E, (byte) 0xC9, (byte) 0x4A, (byte) 0xB5, (byte) 0xCE, (byte) 0x0B, (byte) 0xEA, (byte) 0x05, (byte) 0xEF, (byte) 0x52, (byte) 0x31, (byte) 0xD7, (byte) 0xEC, (byte) 0x2E, (byte) 0x75, (byte) 0xC3, (byte) 0x1D, (byte) 0x3E, (byte) 0x61}; DESedeKeySpec keySpec = new DESedeKeySpec(skBytes); SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DESede"); SecretKey sk = keyFactory.generateSecret(keySpec); for(int i = 0; i < skBytes.length; i++) { System.out.println("(sk.getEncoded()[i], skBytes[i]) = (" + sk.getEncoded()[i] +", " + skBytes[i] + ")"); } Console output: (sk.getEncoded()[i], skBytes[i]) = (64, 65) (sk.getEncoded()[i], skBytes[i]) = (11, 11) (sk.getEncoded()[i], skBytes[i]) = (-15, -16) (sk.getEncoded()[i], skBytes[i]) = (-101, -101) (sk.getEncoded()[i], skBytes[i]) = (-68, -68) (sk.getEncoded()[i], skBytes[i]) = (14, 14) (sk.getEncoded()[i], skBytes[i]) = (-56, -55) (sk.getEncoded()[i], skBytes[i]) = (74, 74) (sk.getEncoded()[i], skBytes[i]) = (-75, -75) (sk.getEncoded()[i], skBytes[i]) = (-50, -50) (sk.getEncoded()[i], skBytes[i]) = (11, 11) (sk.getEncoded()[i], skBytes[i]) = (-22, -22) (sk.getEncoded()[i], skBytes[i]) = (4, 5) (sk.getEncoded()[i], skBytes[i]) = (-17, -17) (sk.getEncoded()[i], skBytes[i]) = (82, 82) (sk.getEncoded()[i], skBytes[i]) = (49, 49) (sk.getEncoded()[i], skBytes[i]) = (-42, -41) (sk.getEncoded()[i], skBytes[i]) = (-20, -20) (sk.getEncoded()[i], skBytes[i]) = (47, 46) (sk.getEncoded()[i], skBytes[i]) = (117, 117) (sk.getEncoded()[i], skBytes[i]) = (-62, -61) (sk.getEncoded()[i], skBytes[i]) = (28, 29) (sk.getEncoded()[i], skBytes[i]) = (62, 62) (sk.getEncoded()[i], skBytes[i]) = (97, 97)

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• Are these two functions the same?

  - by Ranhiru

  There is a function in the AES algorithm, to multiply a byte by 2 in Galois Field. This is the function given in a website private static byte gfmultby02(byte b) { if (b < 0x80) return (byte)(int)(b <<1); else return (byte)( (int)(b << 1) ^ (int)(0x1b) ); } This is the function i wrote. private static byte MulGF2(byte x) { if (x < 0x80) return (byte)(x << 1); else { return (byte)((x << 1) ^ 0x1b); } } What i need to know is, given any byte whether this will perform in the same manner. Actually I am worried about the extra conversion of to int and then again to byte. So far I have tested and it looks fine. Does the extra cast to int and then to byte make a difference?

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• processing: convert int to byte

  - by inspectorG4dget

  Hello SO, I'm trying to convert an int into a byte in Processing 1.0.9. This is the snippet of code that I have been working with: byte xByte = byte(mouseX); byte yByte = byte(mouseY); byte setFirst = byte(128); byte resetFirst = byte(127); xByte = xByte | setFirst; yByte = yByte >> 1; port.write(xByte); port.write(yByte); According to the Processing API, this should work, but I keep getting an error at xByte = xByte | setFirst; that says: cannot convert from int to byte I have tried converting 128 and 127 to they respective hex values (0x80 and 0x7F), but that didn't work either. I have tried everything mentioned in the API as well as some other blogs, but I feel like I'm missing something very trivial. I would appreciate any help. Thank you.

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• Java default Integer value is int

  - by Chris Okyen

  My code looks like this import java.util.Scanner; public class StudentGrades { public static void main(String[] argv) { Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in); byte q1 = keyboard.nextByte() * 10; } } It gives me an error "Type mismatch: cannot convert from int to byte." Why the heck would Java store a literal operand that is small enough to fit in a byte,. into a int type? Do literals get stored in variables/registers before the ALU performs arithmatic operations.

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• C# Compress Triple Byte Array

  - by Mark

  Hi. I currently got this script, which compresses byte arrays. But I need it rewritten, so it can compress triple byte arrays [,,] Thanks! public static byte[] Compress(byte[] buffer) { MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(); GZipStream zip = new GZipStream(ms, CompressionMode.Compress, true); zip.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); zip.Close(); ms.Position = 0; MemoryStream outStream = new MemoryStream(); byte[] compressed = new byte[ms.Length]; ms.Read(compressed, 0, compressed.Length); byte[] gzBuffer = new byte[compressed.Length + 4]; Buffer.BlockCopy(compressed, 0, gzBuffer, 4, compressed.Length); Buffer.BlockCopy(BitConverter.GetBytes(buffer.Length), 0, gzBuffer, 0, 4); return gzBuffer; } public static byte[] Decompress(byte[] gzBuffer) { MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(); int msgLength = BitConverter.ToInt32(gzBuffer, 0); ms.Write(gzBuffer, 4, gzBuffer.Length - 4); byte[] buffer = new byte[msgLength]; ms.Position = 0; GZipStream zip = new GZipStream(ms, CompressionMode.Decompress); zip.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); return buffer; }

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• glTexImage2D + byte[]

  - by miniMe

  How can I upload pixels from a simple byte array to an OpenGl texture ? I'm using glTexImage2D and all I get is a white rectangle instead of a pixelated texture. The 9th parameter (32-bit pointer to the pixel data) is IMO the problem. I tried lots of parameter types there (byte, ref byte, byte[], ref byte[], int & IntPtr + Marshall, out byte, out byte[], byte*). glGetError() always returns GL_NO_ERROR. There must be something I'm doing wrong because it's never some gibberish pixels. It's always white. glGenTextures works correct. The first id has the value 1 like always in OpenGL. And I draw colored lines without any problem. So something is wrong with my texturing. I'm in control of the DllImport. So I can change the parameter types if necessary. GL.glBindTexture(GL.GL_TEXTURE_2D, id); int w = 4; int h = 4; byte[] bytes = new byte[w * h * 4]; for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; i++) bytes[i] = (byte)Utils.random(256); GL.glTexImage2D(GL.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL.GL_RGBA, w, h, 0, GL.GL_RGBA, GL.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, bytes); [DllImport(GL_LIBRARY)] public static extern void glTexImage2D(uint what, int level, int internalFormat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, byte[] bytes);

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• Design guideline for saving big byte stream in c# [migrated]

  - by Praveen

  I have an application where I am receiving big byte array very fast around per 50 miliseconds. The byte array contains some information like file name etc. The data (byte array ) may come from several sources. Each time I receive the data, I have to find the file name and save the data to that file name. I need some guide lines to how should I design it so that it works efficient. Following is my code... public class DataSaver { private static Dictionary<string, FileStream> _dictFileStream; public static void SaveData(byte[] byteArray) { string fileName = GetFileNameFromArray(byteArray); FileStream fs = GetFileStream(fileName); fs.Write(byteArray, 0, byteArray.Length); } private static FileStream GetFileStream(string fileName) { FileStream fs; bool hasStream = _dictFileStream.TryGetValue(fileName, out fs); if (!hasStream) { fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Append); _dictFileStream.Add(fileName, fs); } return fs; } public static void CloseSaver() { foreach (var key in _dictFileStream.Keys) { _dictFileStream[key].Close(); } } } How can I improve this code ? I need to create a thread maybe to do the saving.

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• Daemon Tools Lite Error- Unable to add adapter

  - by Lirik

  I just got a ThinkPad T510 with Windows 7 Professional and I installed Daemon Tools Lite, but I keep getting an error when I run it: Unable to add adapter. I tried starting it as an administrator, but I got the same problem. Does anybody know how to fix this?

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• Cannot convert CString to BYTE array

  - by chekalin-v

  I need to convert CString to BYTE array. I don't know why, but everything that I found in internet does not work :( For example, I have CString str = _T("string"); I've been trying so 1) BYTE *pbBuffer = (BYTE*)(LPCTSTR)str; 2) BYTE *pbBuffer = new BYTE[str.GetLength()+1]; memcpy(pbBuffer, (VOID*)(LPCTSTR)StrRegID, str.GetLength()); 3) BYTE *pbBuffer = (BYTE*)str.GetString(); And always pbBuffer contains just first letter of str DWORD dwBufferLen = strlen((char *)pbBuffer)+1; is 2 But if I use const string: BYTE *pbBuffer = (BYTE*)"string"; pbBuffer contains whole string Where is my mistake?

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• Using Python How can I read the bits in a byte?

  - by David

  I have a file where the first byte contains encoded information. In Matlab I can read the byte bit by bit with var=fread(file,8, 'ubit1') then retrieve each bit by var(1),var(2), etc. Is there any equivalent bit reader in python?

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• Convert arbitrary size of byte[] to BigInteger[] and then safely convert back to exactly the same by

  - by PatlaDJ

  I believe conversion exactly to BigInteger[] would be optimal in my case. Anyone had done or found this written in Java and willing to share? So imagine I have arbitrary size byte[] = {0xff,0x3e,0x12,0x45,0x1d,0x11,0x2a,0x80,0x81,0x45,0x1d,0x11,0x2a,0x80,0x81} How do I convert it to array of BigInteger's and then be able to recover it back the original byte array safely? ty in advance.

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• error while converting the byte arry to image ,after modifying the byte array and the byte array is

  - by geehta

  Hi, this is my code. Here i hv formed the byte array of img, i am trying to add some vlue to this byte array say 10 and i'll take care that the value is not exceeding 255. later if i try to redraw the image via the following code i am getting error at this line... what can be the problem.. without modification if i try to draw the image it is coming but if i cahnge some value it is not drawing.. public Image btoi(byte[] bt) { ms = new MemoryStream(bt, 0, bt.Length); img = Image.FromStream (ms, true); // error at this line ms.Close(); return img; }

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• What's the cleanest way to do byte-level manipulation?

  - by Jurily

  I have the following C struct from the source code of a server, and many similar: // preprocessing magic: 1-byte alignment typedef struct AUTH_LOGON_CHALLENGE_C { // 4 byte header uint8 cmd; uint8 error; uint16 size; // 30 bytes uint8 gamename[4]; uint8 version1; uint8 version2; uint8 version3; uint16 build; uint8 platform[4]; uint8 os[4]; uint8 country[4]; uint32 timezone_bias; uint32 ip; uint8 I_len; // I_len bytes uint8 I[1]; } sAuthLogonChallenge_C; // usage (the actual code that will read my packets): sAuthLogonChallenge_C *ch = (sAuthLogonChallenge_C*)&buf[0]; // where buf is a raw byte array These are TCP packets, and I need to implement something that emits and reads them in C#. What's the cleanest way to do this? My current approach involves [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1)] unsafe struct foo { ... } and a lot of fixed statements to read and write it, but it feels really clunky, and since the packet itself is not fixed length, I don't feel comfortable using it. Also, it's a lot of work. However, it does describe the data structure nicely, and the protocol may change over time, so this may be ideal for maintenance. What are my options? Would it be easier to just write it in C++ and use some .NET magic to use that?

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• Need help manipulating WAV (RIFF) Files at a byte level

  - by Eric

  I'm writing an an application in C# that will record audio files (*.wav) and automatically tag and name them. Wave files are RIFF files (like AVI) which can contain meta data chunks in addition to the waveform data chunks. So now I'm trying to figure out how to read and write the RIFF meta data to and from recorded wave files. I'm using NAudio for recording the files, and asked on their forums as well on SO for way to read and write RIFF tags. While I received a number of good answers, none of the solutions allowed for reading and writing RIFF chunks as easily as I would like. But more importantly I have very little experience dealing with files at a byte level, and think this could be a good opportunity to learn. So now I want to try writing my own class(es) that can read in a RIFF file and allow meta data to be read, and written from the file. I've used streams in C#, but always with the entire stream at once. So now I'm little lost that I have to consider a file byte by byte. Specifically how would I go about removing or inserting bytes to and from the middle of a file? I've tried reading a file through a FileStream into a byte array (byte[]) as shown in the code below. System.IO.FileStream waveFileStream = System.IO.File.OpenRead(@"C:\sound.wav"); byte[] waveBytes = new byte[waveFileStream.Length]; waveFileStream.Read(waveBytes, 0, waveBytes.Length); And I could see through the Visual Studio debugger that the first four byte are the RIFF header of the file. But arrays are a pain to deal with when performing actions that change their size like inserting or removing values. So I was thinking I could then to the byte[] into a List like this. List<byte> list = waveBytes.ToList<byte>(); Which would make any manipulation of the file byte by byte a whole lot easier, but I'm worried I might be missing something like a class in the System.IO name-space that would make all this even easier. Am I on the right track, or is there a better way to do this? I should also mention that I'm not hugely concerned with performance, and would prefer not to deal with pointers or unsafe code blocks like this guy. If it helps at all here is a good article on the RIFF/WAV file format.

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• EHome IR receiver and Ubuntu 13 - any one have this working?

  - by squakie

  I have a "generic" USB IR receiver I purchased off of Ebay to make my life a little easier with XBMC on my Ubuntu box. I am currently running 13.10 and have never tried nor have any knowledge of IR in Ubuntu. I know of lirc, and I know a lot of it is now included in the kernel. My understanding is that lirc in basic terms maps pulses from an remote control to functions - like keyboard or mouse clicks. It is also my understanding that I might still need a driver or something for my device. lsusb shows the device as: Bus 006 Device 003: ID 147a:e016 Formosa Industrial Computing, Inc. eHome Infrared Receiver dmesg shows the following pertaining to the device: [43635.311985] usb 6-2: USB disconnect, device number 2 [43641.344387] usb 6-2: new full-speed USB device number 3 using ohci-pci [43641.543454] usb 6-2: New USB device found, idVendor=147a, idProduct=e016 [43641.543467] usb 6-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3 [43641.543473] usb 6-2: Product: eHome Infrared Transceiver [43641.543478] usb 6-2: Manufacturer: Formosa21 [43641.543483] usb 6-2: SerialNumber: FM000623 [43641.555736] Registered IR keymap rc-rc6-mce [43641.555968] input: Media Center Ed. eHome Infrared Remote Transceiver (147a:e016) as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:12.0/usb6/6-2/6-2:1.0/rc/rc2/input15 [43641.556221] rc2: Media Center Ed. eHome Infrared Remote Transceiver (147a:e016) as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:12.0/usb6/6-2/6-2:1.0/rc/rc2 [43641.556584] input: MCE IR Keyboard/Mouse (mceusb) as /devices/virtual/input/input16 [43641.557186] rc rc2: lirc_dev: driver ir-lirc-codec (mceusb) registered at minor = 0 [43641.731965] mceusb 6-2:1.0: Registered Formosa21 eHome Infrared Transceiver with mce emulator interface version 1 [43641.731978] mceusb 6-2:1.0: 2 tx ports (0x0 cabled) and 2 rx sensors (0x0 active) (excuse the double spacing, but I had to put in extra cr/lf using "enter" or the entire thing was just one long unreadable string). When I connect the same IR receiver to a Raspberry Pi running OpenELEC/XBMC there is no flashing led unless I press a remote button, and the device works. In Ubuntu, the led is constantly blinking, and nothing happens when I press a remote key. I tried the command line program to test but it never echoes anything back to the terminal window. I believe it must need some sort of driver or something else, but I am completely in the dark on this. If it matters I also have: - Logitech wireless keyboard/mouse USB receiver - Tenda USB wireless adapter And.....I've also noticed some errors now that show in dmesg that seem to somehow related to HDMI if that makes any sense: 46721.144731] HDMI: ELD buf size is 0, force 128 [46721.144749] HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 0 [46721.444025] HDMI: ELD buf size is 0, force 128 [46721.444061] HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 0 [46721.743375] HDMI: ELD buf size is 0, force 128 [46721.743411] HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 0 [46722.043092] HDMI: ELD buf size is 0, force 128 [46722.043118] HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 0 [46722.343086] HDMI: ELD buf size is 0, force 128 [46722.343122] HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 0 [46722.642517] HDMI: ELD buf size is 0, force 128 [46722.642574] HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 0 [46722.942459] HDMI: ELD buf size is 0, force 128 [46722.942485] HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 0 [46723.242103] HDMI: ELD buf size is 0, force 128 [46723.242129] HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 0 [46723.541877] HDMI: ELD buf size is 0, force 128 [46723.541923] HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 0 [58366.651954] HDMI: ELD buf size is 0, force 128 [58366.651980] HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 0 [58366.951523] HDMI: ELD buf size is 0, force 128 [58366.951549] HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 0 [58367.251075] HDMI: ELD buf size is 0, force 128 [58367.251121] HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 0 [58367.550517] HDMI: ELD buf size is 0, force 128 [58367.550563] HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 0 [58367.850219] HDMI: ELD buf size is 0, force 128 [58367.850256] HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 0 [58368.150160] HDMI: ELD buf size is 0, force 128 [58368.150185] HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 0 [58368.449544] HDMI: ELD buf size is 0, force 128 [58368.449570] HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 0 [58368.749583] HDMI: ELD buf size is 0, force 128 [58368.749629] HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 0 [58369.049280] HDMI: ELD buf size is 0, force 128 [58369.049326] HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 0 [58394.706273] HDMI: ELD buf size is 0, force 128 [58394.706300] HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 0 [58394.706350] HDMI: ELD buf size is 0, force 128 [58394.706367] HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 0 [58395.003032] HDMI: ELD buf size is 0, force 128 [58395.003058] HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 0 [58395.302680] HDMI: ELD buf size is 0, force 128 [58395.302705] HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 0 [58395.602442] HDMI: ELD buf size is 0, force 128 [58395.602477] HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 0 [58395.902143] HDMI: ELD buf size is 0, force 128 [58395.902179] HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 0 [58396.201839] HDMI: ELD buf size is 0, force 128 [58396.201875] HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 0 [58396.501538] HDMI: ELD buf size is 0, force 128 [58396.501574] HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 0 [58396.801232] HDMI: ELD buf size is 0, force 128 [58396.801268] HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 0 [58397.100583] HDMI: ELD buf size is 0, force 128 [58397.100627] HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 0 [63095.766042] systemd-hostnamed[8875]: Warning: nss-myhostname is not installed. Changing the local hostname might make it unresolveable. Please install nss-myhostname! dave@davepc:~$ EDIT: Maybe another way to look at this would be what does Ubuntu do or not do that OpenELEC does or doesn't do (on Raspberry Pi) such that it works in OpenELEC but not in Ubuntu?

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• x86 gcc assembly output help please

  - by rayfinkle

  Pasted below is unoptimized GCC assembly output for "int main(){}". I'm relatively good with x86 assembly, but some of this is unfamiliar. Could someone please do a line-by-line walk-through of what's going on here? Thanks! .text .globl _main _main: LFB2: pushq %rbp LCFI0: movq %rsp, %rbp LCFI1: leave ret LFE2: .section __TEXT,__eh_frame,coalesced,no_toc+strip_static_syms+live_support EH_frame1: .set L$set$0,LECIE1-LSCIE1 .long L$set$0 LSCIE1: .long 0x0 .byte 0x1 .ascii "zR\0" .byte 0x1 .byte 0x78 .byte 0x10 .byte 0x1 .byte 0x10 .byte 0xc .byte 0x7 .byte 0x8 .byte 0x90 .byte 0x1 .align 3 LECIE1: .globl _main.eh _main.eh: LSFDE1: .set L$set$1,LEFDE1-LASFDE1 .long L$set$1 LASFDE1: .long LASFDE1-EH_frame1 .quad LFB2-. .set L$set$2,LFE2-LFB2 .quad L$set$2 .byte 0x0 .byte 0x4 .set L$set$3,LCFI0-LFB2 .long L$set$3 .byte 0xe .byte 0x10 .byte 0x86 .byte 0x2 .byte 0x4 .set L$set$4,LCFI1-LCFI0 .long L$set$4 .byte 0xd .byte 0x6 .align 3 LEFDE1: .subsections_via_symbols

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• What is the history of why bytes are eight bits?

  - by DarenW

  What where the historical forces at work, the tradeoffs to make, in deciding to use groups of eight bits as the fundamental unit ? There were machines, once upon a time, using other word sizes, but today for non-eight-bitness you must look to museum pieces, specialized chips for embedded applications, and DSPs. How did the byte evolve out of the chaos and creativity of the early days of computer design? I can imagine that fewer bits would be ineffective for handling enough data to make computing feasible, while too many would have lead to expensive hardware. Were other influences in play? Why did these forces balance out to eight bits? (BTW, if I could time travel, I'd go back to when the "byte" was declared to be 8 bits, and convince everyone to make it 12 bits, bribing them with some early 21st Century trinkets.)

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• Red Gate does Byte Night 2012

  - by red(at)work

  On the 5th of October 2012, a team of nine plucky Red Gaters braved the howling wind and the driving rain to sleep outside. No tents or mattresses were allowed – all we took for protection were sleeping bags, groundsheets, plastic sacks and Colin’s enormous fishing umbrella (a godsend in umbrella-y disguise). Why would we do such a thing? For Byte Night, an annual tech sector sleepout in support of Action for Children, who tackle the causes as well as the consequences of youth homelessness. Byte Night encourages technology professionals to do for one night a year what thousands of young people have to do every night – sleep rough.  We signed up for Byte Night in the warm, heady midst of the British summer, thinking it couldn’t possibly be all that bad. Even on the night itself – before the rain began to fall, sat in the comfort and warmth of a company canteen, drinking wine and eating chill and preparing to win the pub quiz – we were excited and optimistic about the night that lay ahead of us. All of that changed as soon as we stepped out into one of the worst rainstorms of the year. Brian, the team’s birthday boy, describes it best: Picture the scene: it’s 3 am on a Friday. I’m lying outside, fully clothed in a sleeping bag, wearing a raincoat, trussed up inside a large plastic pocket, on a ground sheet beneath a giant umbrella, wedged so tightly between two of my colleagues that I can’t move my arms. I’m wide awake, staring up at the grey sky beyond the edge of the umbrella; a limp, flickering white glow hints at a moon somewhere behind the drifting clouds. I haven’t slept since we first moved outside at 11 pm. Outside. Did I mention we were outside? I’m hung over. I need the loo. But there is no way on earth that I’m getting out of this sleeping bag. It’s cold. It’s raining. Not just raining, but chucking it down. It’s been doing this non-stop since 10pm. The rain sounds like a hyperactive drummer on the fishing umbrella, and the noise is loud and relentless. Puddles of water are forming all over the groundsheet, and, despite being ensconced inside the plastic pouch, I am wet. The fishing umbrella is protecting me from the worst of the driving rain, but not all of me is under it, and five hours of rain is no match for it. Everything is wet. My left side has become horribly damp. My trainers, which I placed next to my sleeping bag, are now completely soaked through. Mmm. That’ll be fun in the morning. My head is next to Colin’s head on one side, and a multi-pack of McCoy’s cheddar and onion crisps on the other. Don’t ask about the tub of hummus. That’s somewhere down by my ankles, abandoned to the night. Jess, who is lying next to me, rolls over onto her side. A mini waterfall cascades from her rain-pouch onto my face. Bah. I continue to stare into the heavens, willing the dawn to hurry up. Something lands on my face. It’s a mosquito. Great. Midnight, when this still seemed like fun – when we opened some champagne and my colleagues presented me with a caterpillar birthday cake, when everyone was drunk and jolly and full of stoic resolve – feels like a long time ago. Did I mention that today is my birthday? The remains of the caterpillar cake endure the same fate as the hummus, left out in the rain like a metaphor for sadness. It’s getting colder. I can see my breath. Silence has descended on the group, apart from the rustle of plastic. And the rain, obviously. Someone snores, and I envy whoever it is the sweet escape of sleep. I try to wriggle a bit further down inside my sleeping bag, but it doesn’t want to be wriggled into. Only 3 hours till dawn. 180 minutes. I begin to count them off, one at a time.  All nine of us got to go home in the morning, but thousands of children across the UK don’t have that luxury. If you’d like to sponsor the Red Gate Byte Night team, our JustGiving page can be found here.   Chris, before the outside bit actually happened. More photos from Byte Night Cambridge 2012 can be found here.

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• Dectect ASCII codes for asian double byte / cyrillic character sets?

  - by jfroom

  Is it possible to detect if an ascii character belongs to Asian double byte or Cyrillic character sets? Perhaps specific code ranges? I've googled, but not finding anything at first glance. There's an RSS feed I'm tapping into that has the locale set as 'en-gb'. But there are some Asian double byte characters in the feed itself - which I need to handle differently. Just not sure how to detect it since the meta locale data is incorrect. I do not have access to correct the public feed.

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