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  • How the SPARC T4 Processor Optimizes Throughput Capacity: A Case Study

    - by Ruud
    This white paper demonstrates the architected latency hiding features of Oracle’s UltraSPARC T2+ and SPARC T4 processors That is the first sentence from this technical white paper, but what does it exactly mean? Let's consider a very simple example, the computation of a = b + c. This boils down to the following (pseudo-assembler) instructions that need to be executed: load @b, r1 load @c, r2 add r1,r2,r3 store r3, @a The first two instructions load variables b and c from an address in memory (here symbolized by @b and @c respectively). These values go into registers r1 and r2. The third instruction adds the values in r1 and r2. The result goes into register r3. The fourth instruction stores the contents of r3 into the memory address symbolized by @a. If we're lucky, both b and c are in a nearby cache and the load instructions only take a few processor cycles to execute. That is the good case, but what if b or c, or both, have to come from very far away? Perhaps both of them are in the main memory and then it easily takes hundreds of cycles for the values to arrive in the registers. Meanwhile the processor is doing nothing and simply waits for the data to arrive. Actually, it does something. It burns cycles while waiting. That is a waste of time and energy. Why not use these cycles to execute instructions from another application or thread in case of a parallel program? That is exactly what latency hiding on the SPARC T-Series processors does. It is a hardware feature totally transparent to the user and application. As soon as there is a delay in the execution, the hardware uses these otherwise idle cycles to execute instructions from another process. As a result, the throughput capacity of the system improves because idle cycles are no longer wasted and therefore more jobs can be run per unit of time. This feature has been in the SPARC T-series from the beginning, so why this paper? The difference with previous publications on this topic is in the amount of detail given. How this all works under the hood is fully explained using two example programs. Starting from the assembly language instructions, it is demonstrated in what way these programs execute. To really see what is happening we go down to the processor pipeline level, where the gaps in the execution are, and show in what way these idle cycles are filled by other copies of the same program running simultaneously. Both the SPARC T4 as well as the older UltraSPARC T2+ processor are covered. You may wonder why the UltraSPARC T2+ is included. The focus of this work is on the SPARC T4 processor, but to explain the basic concept of latency hiding at this very low level, we start with the UltraSPARC T2+ processor because it is architecturally a much simpler design. From the single issue, in-order pipelines of this processor we then shift gears and cover how this all works on the much more advanced dual issue, out-of-order architecture of the T4. The analysis and performance experiments have been conducted on both processors. The results depend on the processor, but in all cases the theoretical estimates are confirmed by the experiments. If you're interested to read a lot more about this and find out how things really work under the hood, you can download a copy of the paper here. A paper like this could not have been produced without the help of several other people. I want to thank the co-author of this paper, Jared Smolens, for his very valuable contributions and our highly inspiring discussions. I'm also indebted to Thomas Nau (Ulm University, Germany), Shane Sigler and Mark Woodyard (both at Oracle) for their feedback on earlier versions of this paper. Karen Perkins (Perkins Technical Writing and Editing) and Rick Ramsey at Oracle were very helpful in providing editorial and publishing assistance.

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  • UIImages not displaying in TableView on iPhone, but working in Simulator

    - by Graeme
    Hi, I have a UITable View that displays an image in the left hand side of the table cell, and it works fine in the simulator. Only problem is, once I ran it on my device no images appear. It's just a blank white space. Have checked that images are added to resource folder for build (which they are) and that capitals etc. match (which they do). Any ideas? Thanks. Code to display images: cell.imageView.layer.masksToBounds = YES; cell.imageView.layer.cornerRadius = 5.0; UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:[[dog types] stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet whitespaceAndNewlineCharacterSet]]];; if ( image ) { cell.imageView.image = [image imageScaledToSize:CGSizeMake(50, 50)]; }

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  • iPad UI clipped in simulator

    - by raj.tiwari
    My views created for iPad form factor look fine in Interface Builder. However, when I debug my app in iPhone Simulator 3.2 (with Hardware - Device set to iPad), I see the UI clipped and about half size. There is a 2x button at the bottom which lets me zoom in. But this just shows the same clipped UI in double size. This is really weird since I have created the XIB for iPad form factor and it is supposed to fit iPad completely. Any ideas what I might be doing wrong? I am using iPhone SDK 3.2 downloaded on 4/30/2010. Thanks. -Raj

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  • Microsoft Flight Simulator SDK Capabilities

    - by Roger
    Hello, I have not been able to find detailed documentation about the Microsoft Flight Simulator SDK, so I have a couple of questions regarding its capabilities. I am currently running FS2004(could buy FSX if needed) and would like to know if I could add moving or static boats through the SDK. Ideally, the boat's position would be controlled by an external program at runtime. Secondly, can i access the flight management system through the SDK? I would like to upload a custom flight path through an external program while the plane is flying. So why the plane would follow the original flight path I would like to be able to change it on the go. Thanks

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  • iPhone: Can access files in documents directory in Simulator, but not device

    - by Kevin Cupp
    Hi there! I'm writing an app that copies some contents of the bundle into the applications Document's directory, mainly images and media. I then access this media throughout the app from the Document's directory. This works totally fine in the Simulator, but not on the device. The assets just come up as null. I've done NSLog's and the paths to the files look correct, and I've confirmed that the files exist in the directory by dumping a file listing in the console. Any ideas? Thank you! EDIT Here's the code that copies to the Document's directory NSString *pathToPublicationDirectory = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"install/%d",[[[manifest objectAtIndex:i] valueForKey:@"publicationID"] intValue]]; NSString *manifestPath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"content" ofType:@"xml" inDirectory:pathToPublicationDirectory]; [self parsePublicationAt:manifestPath]; // Get actual bundle path to publication folder NSString *bundlePath = [[[NSBundle mainBundle] resourcePath] stringByAppendingPathComponent:pathToPublicationDirectory]; // Then build the destination path NSString *destinationPath = [documentsDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", [[[manifest objectAtIndex:i] valueForKey:@"publicationID"] intValue]]]; NSError *error = nil; // If it already exists in the documents directory, delete it if ([fileManager fileExistsAtPath:destinationPath]) { [fileManager removeItemAtPath:destinationPath error:&error]; } // Copy publication folder to documents directory [fileManager copyItemAtPath:bundlePath toPath:destinationPath error:&error]; I am figuring out the path to the docs directory with this method: - (NSString *)applicationDocumentsDirectory { return [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) objectAtIndex:0]; } And here's an example of how I'm building a path to an image path = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/%d/%@", [self applicationDocumentsDirectory], [[thisItem valueForKey:@"publicationID"] intValue], [thisItem valueForKey:@"coverImage"]];

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  • iPhone app linker error on Snow Leopard (Only on simulator)

    - by RexOnRoids
    Im getting this linker error that won't let me compile. It only happens on the simulator. NOTE: - OSX 10.6.2 but had to use 10.5 as build target to avoid other linker errors - libxml2.dylib IS required and is in my Frameworks group - The other cited libraries I have never heard of. - Tried bringing in those other Libs under frameworks, didn't solve. Build SpaceTweet of project SpaceTweet with configuration Debug Ld build/Debug-iphonesimulator/SpaceTweet.app/SpaceTweet normal i386 cd "/Users/Scott/Desktop/iPhone Dev/SpaceTweet(Experimental)" setenv MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET 10.5 setenv PATH "/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/usr/bin:/Developer/usr/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin" /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/usr/bin/gcc-4.2 -arch i386 -isysroot /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator3.1.3.sdk "-L/Users/Scott/Desktop/iPhone Dev/SpaceTweet(Experimental)/build/Debug-iphonesimulator" -L/Users/Scott/Desktop "-L/Users/Scott/Desktop/iPhone Dev/SpaceTweet(Experimental)/../../libYAJLIPhone-0" -L/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS3.0.sdk/usr/lib -L/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator3.1.3.sdk/usr/lib -L/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator3.0.sdk/usr/lib "-F/Users/Scott/Desktop/iPhone Dev/SpaceTweet(Experimental)/build/Debug-iphonesimulator" -filelist "/Users/Scott/Desktop/iPhone Dev/SpaceTweet(Experimental)/build/SpaceTweet.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/SpaceTweet.build/Objects-normal/i386/SpaceTweet.LinkFileList" -mmacosx-version-min=10.5 -framework Foundation -framework UIKit -framework CoreGraphics -framework AVFoundation -framework MessageUI -lYAJLIPhone -lxml2 -o "/Users/Scott/Desktop/iPhone Dev/SpaceTweet(Experimental)/build/Debug-iphonesimulator/SpaceTweet.app/SpaceTweet" ld: warning: in /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS3.0.sdk/usr/lib/libxml2.dylib, missing required architecture i386 in file ld: warning: in /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS3.0.sdk/usr/lib/libSystem.dylib, missing required architecture i386 in file ld: in /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS3.0.sdk/usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib, missing required architecture i386 in file collect2: ld returned 1 exit status Command /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/usr/bin/gcc-4.2 failed with exit code 1

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  • How can I create an executable to run on a certain processor architecture (instead of certain OS)?

    - by CrazyJugglerDrummer
    So I take my C++ program in Visual studio, compile, and it'll spit out a nice little EXE file. But EXEs will only run on windows, and I hear a lot about how C/C++ compiles into assembly language, which is runs directly on a processor. The EXE runs with the help of windows, or I could have a program that makes an executable that runs on a mac. But aren't I compiling C++ code into assembly language, which is processor specific? My Insights: I'm guessing I'm probably not. I know there's an Intel C++ compiler, so would it make processor-specific assembly code? EXEs run on windows, so they advantage of tons of things already set up, from graphics packages to the massive .NET framework. A processor-specific executable would be literally starting from scratch, with just the instruction set of the processor. Would this executable be a file-type? We could be running windows and open it, but then would control switch to processor only? I assume this executable would be something like an operating system, in that it would have to be run before anything else was booted up, and have only the processor instruction set to "use".

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  • NSUserDefaults always returns 0, in Simulator and Device

    - by joec
    I have a settings bundle in my iPhone app, with the following PList: Type: PSMultiValueSpecifier Title: Within (Kilometres) DefaultValue: Number: 1 Titles: Array: Item 1: Number: 1 Item 2: Number: 2 Values: Array: Item 1: Number: 1 Item 2: Number: 2 Key: String: km Then in my code i have: NSUserDefaults *defaults = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults]; NSInteger choiceOne = [defaults integerForKey:@"km"]; choiceOne is always 0. What am i doing wrong? Thanks

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  • Basic OpenGL ES2 (iPhone Simulator) question...

    - by David
    Hi! I'm trying to modify the fragment shader which is part of the standard iPhone/XCode OpenGL ES template. I want to make it so that every other row of pixels is transparent. I have this code so far: varying lowp vec4 colorVarying; void main() { gl_FragColor = vec4(colorVarying.x, colorVarying.y, colorVarying.z, floor(mod(gl_FragCoord.y, 2.0))); } But when I compile and run I still get the same square moving up and down with no other effects. What am I doing wrong here? I'm a complete n00b at Glsl - I'm trying to teach myself the very basics. (starting with this tutorial - http://www.mobileorchard.com/getting-started-with-opengl-es-20-on-the-iphone-3gs/) Please help! Thanks! David :)

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  • Default App Icon not appearing in iOS Simulator

    - by user577466
    I have searched quite a lot for an answer to this problem. If I have a general application, HelloWorld, and create an interface and then go to test it, then click on the Home button, not even the default grey/white icon is there like it's supposed to be. Anyone have any ideas why? I've even tried specifying a custom icon in the Info.plist file, but still nothing... I've got the latest version of Xcode and the SDK as well. (3.25 - 4.2)

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  • How do I know if my Xeon Processor supports hardware virtualisation?

    - by gshankar
    I've been scouring the net (mainly the wikipaedia lists and intel's site. I even pulled out the datasheet for my processor) but I can't seem to answer this question. Does my Xeon support hardware virtualisation? The processor in question is a: "Nocona" (standard-voltage, 90 nm) 2800MHz. Other details can be found here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Xeon_microprocessors#.22Nocona.22_.28standard-voltage.2C_90_nm.29 I'm pretty sure the answer is no as it's a pretty old server but I can't find a single place which has a definitive yes/no answer so I'm still looking...

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  • Application running in the iPad Simulator

    - by Wallym
    I've got some code running in the iPad Simulator.  One thing I discovered is that an application has to be compiled against a specific version of the SDK.  When I created a new iPad application, the updated iPad window for the Interface Builder became availble.  Very nice indeed.  Everything was the same as before, so that was good.  I fired up the iPad Simulator, and I got this below:   The next step was getting my app on there, which was easy.  Then I got my app running on the simulator, and I saw this: Basically, everything is filled with goodness and seems to be running correctly.  **fingers crossed**

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  • Oracle's ZFS Storage Appliance Simulator

    - by Steen Schmidt
    To those of you who has not played with the Oracle's ZFS Storage Appliance, but would like to. You should go an take a look at the Oracle's ZFS Storage Appliance Simulator. You can download this Oracle's ZFS Storage Appliance Simulator here, It will give you a pretty good idear what this unik product is capable of provide for you business.  You can also go and see a demo on how to set the appliance up in Oracle VirtualBox Demo Here. You find Oracle Virtualbox here

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  • is it dangerous for the processor core to be *always* loaded at 100%?

    - by javapowered
    In my HFT software I plan to use one core for stock index calculation. That would be simply while(true) loop without any delays which will calculate (sum and multiply) components as often as possible (so millions times per second) and I plan to do that 8 hours per day every day. I was never before loading my computer to 100% full time every day regullary. May it be dangerous? Do processor has kind of "resource" (very big of course) after which it can stopped working?

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  • Where is the "personal" folder of the iPhone simulator?

    - by Krumelur
    Hi, I found the iPhone simulator at /Username/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/4.2/ and in there I can see my apps within a cryptic directory name. One of my apps is storing a database and some cached files in the iPhone's "Personal" folder which I thought is the "Documents" folder in the directory of the simulator. But there's nothing in it. Nevertheless, I can read my files - where are they? René

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  • Why does working processors harder use more electrical power?

    - by GazTheDestroyer
    Back in the mists of time when I started coding, at least as far as I'm aware, processors all used a fixed amount of power. There was no such thing as a processor being "idle". These days there are all sorts of technologies for reducing power usage when the processor is not very busy, mostly by dynamically reducing the clock rate. My question is why does running at a lower clock rate use less power? My mental picture of a processor is of a reference voltage (say 5V) representing a binary 1, and 0V representing 0. Therefore I tend to think of of a constant 5V being applied across the entire chip, with the various logic gates disconnecting this voltage when "off", meaning a constant amount of power is being used. The rate at which these gates are turned on and off seems to have no relation to the power used. I have no doubt this is a hopelessly naive picture, but I am no electrical engineer. Can someone explain what's really going on with frequency scaling, and how it saves power. Are there any other ways that a processor uses more or less power depending on state? eg Does it use more power if more gates are open? How are mobile / low power processors different from their desktop cousins? Are they just simpler (less transistors?), or is there some other fundamental design difference?

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  • My cpus are powered down periodically

    - by mgiammarco
    I post here because I am using Ubuntu but this is probably an hardware problem. Since I bought my new setup with AMD Athlon(tm) II X4 635 Processor and asus m4a89td pro/usb3 motherboard with ecc ram I have stuttering on videos. I was using ubuntu 11.10 now ubuntu 12.10. Looking at syslog I have found that periodically (I notice only on videos but it happens always) this thing happens: Mar 6 23:36:42 virtual1 kernel: [28564.375548] smpboot: CPU 1 is now offline Mar 6 23:36:42 virtual1 kernel: [28564.380751] smpboot: CPU 2 is now offline Mar 6 23:36:42 virtual1 kernel: [28564.394947] smpboot: CPU 3 is now offline Mar 6 23:36:48 virtual1 kernel: [28569.917021] smpboot: Booting Node 0 Processor 1 APIC 0x1 Mar 6 23:36:48 virtual1 kernel: [28569.928015] LVT offset 0 assigned for vector 0xf9 Mar 6 23:36:48 virtual1 kernel: [28569.928372] [Firmware Bug]: cpu 1, try to use APIC500 (LVT offset 0) for vector 0x400, but the register is already in use for vector 0xf9 on another cpu Mar 6 23:36:48 virtual1 kernel: [28569.928378] perf: IBS APIC setup failed on cpu #1 Mar 6 23:36:48 virtual1 kernel: [28569.931305] process: Switch to broadcast mode on CPU1 Mar 6 23:36:48 virtual1 kernel: [28569.934255] smpboot: Booting Node 0 Processor 2 APIC 0x2 Mar 6 23:36:48 virtual1 kernel: [28569.945554] [Firmware Bug]: cpu 2, try to use APIC500 (LVT offset 0) for vector 0x400, but the register is already in use for vector 0xf9 on another cpu Mar 6 23:36:48 virtual1 kernel: [28569.945558] perf: IBS APIC setup failed on cpu #2 Mar 6 23:36:48 virtual1 kernel: [28569.948124] process: Switch to broadcast mode on CPU2 Mar 6 23:36:48 virtual1 kernel: [28569.949644] smpboot: Booting Node 0 Processor 3 APIC 0x3 Mar 6 23:36:48 virtual1 kernel: [28569.960838] [Firmware Bug]: cpu 3, try to use APIC500 (LVT offset 0) for vector 0x400, but the register is already in use for vector 0xf9 on another cpu Mar 6 23:36:48 virtual1 kernel: [28569.960840] perf: IBS APIC setup failed on cpu #3 Mar 6 23:36:48 virtual1 kernel: [28569.962953] process: Switch to broadcast mode on CPU3 I have: updated bios; tried all (really) bios options; changed ram; changed psu and cpu cooler; tried 3.8.1 kernel. What can I do now? Please help me! Thanks, Mario

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  • Deep insight into the behaviour of the SPARC T4 processor

    - by nospam(at)example.com (Joerg Moellenkamp)
    Ruud van der Pas and Jared Smolens wrote an really interesting whitepaper about the SPARC T4 and its behaviour in regard with certain code: How the SPARC T4 Processor Optimizes Throughput Capacity: A Case Study. In this article the authors compare and explain the behaviour of the the UltraSPARC T4 and T2+ processor in order to highlight some of the strengths of the SPARC T-series processors in general and the T4 in particular.

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