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  • Booting an EXT4 image file from GRUB2

    - by sjjg
    My friend needed a fast HDD so I gave her my small 64GB SDD. This SSD had my Linux install on it. I used dd to make an image of the partition (boot, root and home on one partition). This partition is now sitting on a traditional 500GB EXT4 formatted drive. Is there any way I can get GRUB to just boot using this .img file I have? I'm not getting my SSD back and I can't be bothered to go through the hassle of setting up my Linux install from scratch. I have come across loopback support in GRUB for ISO images. Does this support EXT4 also? I don't seem to be able to find anything specific and don't want to trash anything. Cheers.

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  • For web development which is more important - CPU and Graphics card OR Ram and SSD Harddrive?

    - by adam
    Buying a laptop is always hard work and questions about specific models dont age well on forums. A popular dilema (especially with apple macbooks) is whether to spend more for a faster cpu and graphics card but settle for standard ram and hd OR drop down and spend the savings on more ram and a faster harddrive such as a ssd. Im wondering for web development i.e. ide, unit tests, photoshop work and some user testing screen capturing now and again what would provide better performance. ( No games, music production or spielberg standard video editing.) For examples sake the current apple lineup for their 15inch macbookpros. 2.66 cpu i7 4gb ram 5400rpm drive 4gig ram vs 2.4 cpu i5 8gb ram 124gb sdd roughly the same price.

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  • Server refuses to boot when Raid5 disk is disconnected - /root/ missing

    - by Ronni
    I recently set up a NAS server running a Debian OS (6.0.4) It contains 4 disks, 3 of them are in a Raid5 array, while the last one is used for the OS. To simulate a disk-failure I unplugged one of the raid disks, which resulted in the OS being unable to boot. It started the boot, recognized that md0 (the raid array) was running on 2/3 disks, and then threw a few errors. It was unable to find the following directories: /dev/root on /root, /dev on /root/dev, /sys on /root/sys, /proc on /root/proc It appears this happens regardless of which raid disk is removed. These directories are supposed to be on /dev/sdd my system disk. Output from fstab and blkid : http://dl.dropbox.com/u/6017799/NASOutput.txt If you need additional info, please let me know.

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  • Dual Boot issues with Windows 7 and Ubuntu

    - by Michael
    I'm finding myself in a rather unique situation. I've read through just about every resource I can find about this and while things have helped me understand some background, I haven't yet been able to find a solution. So I'm asking here. I originally had just a Windows 7 64-bit OS installation on my desktop. Learning that I couldn't do anything with Apache, PHP and MySql from within a 64-bit system, I did some research and found out that I could use Ubuntu. I've installed the latest version: 11.04. I created a CD to install Ubuntu from and the install went just fine. I installed it side-by-side with Windows 7. I can boot into Ubuntu just fine through the dual-boot option. When I reboot to load Windows though, the Grub2 list shows Windows 7 (loader) and when I select this option the Windows System Recovery loads instead of the actual OS. I haven't made it past there because I didn't know what to do. I just shut the computer down and rebooted into Ubuntu. I've been working for the last hour and a half to try to figure out how to boot into the Windows 7 OS and I haven't got a clue. While I'm somewhat proficient with Windows 7, I'm totally new to Ubuntu, so if you do know what needs to happen, please keep it simple enough that I'll be able to understand. Thanks for all your help in advance. Here's the results after using the Boot Info Script: Boot Info Script 0.55 dated February 15th, 2010 ============================= Boot Info Summary: ============================== => Grub 2 is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks on the same drive in partition #5 for cbh. => Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb => Grub 2 is installed in the MBR of /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif and looks on the same drive in partition #5 for cbh. sda1: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Mounting failed: fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy sda2: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Mounting failed: fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy sda3: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Mounting failed: fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy sdb1: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files/dirs: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD sdb2: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files/dirs: sdb3: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files/dirs: /bootmgr /boot/BCD sdb4: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: Extended Partition Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: sdb5: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Operating System: Ubuntu 11.04 Boot files/dirs: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /boot/grub/core.img sdb6: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: pdc_bdadcfbdif1: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files/dirs: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD pdc_bdadcfbdif2: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Windows 7 Boot files/dirs: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD /Windows/System32/winload.exe pdc_bdadcfbdif3: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: Boot sector type: Unknown Boot sector info: Mounting failed: fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy mount: unknown filesystem type '' =========================== Drive/Partition Info: ============================= Drive: sda ___________________ _____________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sda: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders, total 1465149168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start End Size Id System /dev/sda1 * 2,048 206,847 204,800 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda2 206,911 1,440,372,735 1,440,165,825 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda3 1,440,372,736 1,464,856,575 24,483,840 7 HPFS/NTFS Drive: sdb ___________________ _____________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start End Size Id System /dev/sdb1 * 2,048 206,847 204,800 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sdb2 206,911 1,342,554,688 1,342,347,778 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sdb3 1,930,344,448 1,953,521,663 23,177,216 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sdb4 1,342,556,158 1,930,344,447 587,788,290 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 1,342,556,160 1,896,806,399 554,250,240 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 1,896,808,448 1,930,344,447 33,536,000 82 Linux swap / Solaris Drive: pdc_bdadcfbdif ___________________ _____________________________________________________ Disk /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif: 750.0 GB, 749999947776 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91182 cylinders, total 1464843648 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start End Size Id System /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif1 * 2,048 206,847 204,800 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif2 206,911 1,440,372,735 1,440,165,825 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif3 1,440,372,736 1,464,856,575 24,483,840 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif3 ends after the last sector of /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif blkid -c /dev/null: ____________________________________________________________ Device UUID TYPE LABEL /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif1 888E54CC8E54B482 ntfs SYSTEM /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif2 C2766BF6766BEA1D ntfs OS /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif: PTTYPE="dos" /dev/sda1 888E54CC8E54B482 ntfs SYSTEM /dev/sda2 C2766BF6766BEA1D ntfs OS /dev/sda3 BE6CA31D6CA2CF87 ntfs HP_RECOVERY /dev/sda promise_fasttrack_raid_member /dev/sdb1 20B65685B6565B7C ntfs SYSTEM /dev/sdb2 B4467A314679F508 ntfs HP /dev/sdb3 6E10B7A410B77227 ntfs FACTORY_IMAGE /dev/sdb4: PTTYPE="dos" /dev/sdb5 266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c ext4 /dev/sdb6 1df35749-a887-45ff-a3de-edd52239847d swap /dev/sdb: PTTYPE="dos" error: /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif3: No such file or directory error: /dev/sdc: No medium found error: /dev/sdd: No medium found error: /dev/sde: No medium found error: /dev/sdf: No medium found error: /dev/sdg: No medium found ============================ "mount | grep ^/dev output: =========================== Device Mount_Point Type Options /dev/sdb5 / ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro,commit=0) =========================== sdb5/boot/grub/grub.cfg: =========================== # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi set default="0" if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus } insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=auto load_video insmod gfxterm fi terminal_output gfxterm insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale set lang=en_US insmod gettext if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 44,0,30; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### if [ ${recordfail} != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode if [ "$linux_gfx_mode" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.38-8-generic-pae' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic-pae root=UUID=266f9801-cf4f-4acc- affa-2092be035f0c ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7 initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic-pae } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.38-8-generic-pae (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.38-8-generic-pae ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic-pae root=UUID=266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c ro single echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic-pae } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sdb1)" --class windows --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 20B65685B6565B7C chainloader +1 } menuentry "Windows Recovery Environment (loader) (on /dev/sdb3)" --class windows --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos3)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6E10B7A410B77227 drivemap -s (hd0) ${root} chainloader +1 } ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### =============================== sdb5/etc/fstab: =============================== # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid -o value -s UUID' to print the universally unique identifier # for a device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name # devices that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sdb5 during installation UUID=266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sdb6 during installation UUID=1df35749-a887-45ff-a3de-edd52239847d none swap sw 0 0 =================== sdb5: Location of files loaded by Grub: =================== 900.1GB: boot/grub/core.img 825.0GB: boot/grub/grub.cfg 688.7GB: boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic-pae 688.0GB: boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic-pae 688.7GB: initrd.img 688.0GB: vmlinuz =========================== Unknown MBRs/Boot Sectors/etc ======================= Unknown BootLoader on pdc_bdadcfbdif3 =======Devices which don't seem to have a corresponding hard drive============== sdc sdd sde sdf sdg =============================== StdErr Messages: =============================== ERROR: dos: partition address past end of RAID device hexdump: /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif3: No such file or directory hexdump: /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif3: No such file or directory ERROR: dos: partition address past end of RAID device

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  • SQLAuthority News – Happy Deepavali and Happy News Year

    - by pinaldave
    Diwali or Deepavali is popularly known as the festival of lights. It literally means “array of light” or “row of lamps“. Today we build a small clay maps and fill it with oil and light it up. The significance of lighting the lamp is the triumph of good over evil. I work every single day in a year but today I am spending my time with family and little one. I make sure that my daughter is aware of our culture and she learns to celebrate the festival with the same passion and values which I have. Every year on this day, I do not write a long blog post but rather write a small post with various SQL Tips and Tricks. After reading them you should quickly get back to your friends and family – it is the most important festival day. Here are a few tips and tricks: Take regular full backup of your database Avoid cursors if they can be replaced by set based process Keep your index maintenance script handy and execute them at intervals Consider Solid State Drive (SDD) for crucial database and tempdb placement Update statistics for OLTP transactions at intervals I guess that’s it for today. If you still have more time to learn. Here are few things you should consider. Get FREE Books by Sign up for tomorrow’s webcast by Rick Morelan Watch SQL in Sixty Seconds Series – FREE SQL Learning Read my earlier 2300+ articles Well, I am sure that will keep you busy for the rest of the day! Happy Diwali to All of You! Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: About Me, Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQLAuthority News, T SQL, Technology

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  • How do I align my partition table properly?

    - by Jorge Castro
    I am in the process of building my first RAID5 array. I've used mdadm to create the following set up: root@bondigas:~# mdadm --detail /dev/md1 /dev/md1: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Wed Oct 20 20:00:41 2010 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 5860543488 (5589.05 GiB 6001.20 GB) Used Dev Size : 1953514496 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 1 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Wed Oct 20 20:13:48 2010 State : clean, degraded, recovering Active Devices : 3 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 64K Rebuild Status : 1% complete UUID : f6dc829e:aa29b476:edd1ef19:85032322 (local to host bondigas) Events : 0.12 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb 1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc 2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd 4 8 64 3 spare rebuilding /dev/sde While that's going I decided to format the beast with the following command: root@bondigas:~# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md1p1 mke2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010) /dev/md1p1 alignment is offset by 63488 bytes. This may result in very poor performance, (re)-partitioning suggested. Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=16 blocks, Stripe width=48 blocks 97853440 inodes, 391394047 blocks 19569702 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=0 11945 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 102400000, 214990848 Writing inode tables: ^C 27/11945 root@bondigas:~# ^C I am unsure what to do about "/dev/md1p1 alignment is offset by 63488 bytes." and how to properly partition the disks to match so I can format it properly.

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  • UEFI/GPT Win 7 Load Failure in Dual Boot and no GRUB2 [Ubuntu 12.04]

    - by cristian_jordache
    Configuration: MBB: ASRock X79 Extreme6 Win 7 installed on a INTEL 40GB SSD (GPT partitioned) Ubuntu 14.04 on a CORSAIR 30GB SSD (Ext4 and SWAP) I had Windows 7 installed previously in UEFI mode, using 3 partitions (GPT) and works fine if left alone. In UEFI BIOS settings I can see sometimes a "Windows Boot Manager" and other times (?) a "UEFI Intel" entry for INTEL HDD and Windows will boot properly selecting the one available at that time. I installed Ubuntu 14.04 after Win 7 w/o changing any UEFI BIOS settings and it works fine only if the BIOS is set w/ the Ubuntu partition as the first drive to boot, in AHCI mode. If both SSD drives are connected, the Win7 Intel boot drive can be chosen as first boot device but only as an "AHCI Intel drive" (No "Windows Boot Manager" nor "UEFI Intel device" options available in BIOS Boot menu) and Win7 will not load properly as long as the Ubuntu Crucial SSD is NOT PHYSICALLY DISCONNECTED. Windows will try, start booting for few seconds but will fail replacing Win7 logo and that startup animation with w/ the "old" white progress bar and then and will notify that there is a issue and prompt the user to try to Load Win 7 in Normal Mode again or try a Recovery Mode to fix it. If I let Windows INTEL HDD boot via BIOS/UEFI - Windows Boot manager selection, I may see the purple screen of Grub2 loaded for a while, but there's no selection for Ubuntu or Windows and/or then machine is not booting, showing a black screen and a small command prompt cursor blinking on top. So far the only option I see to have Ubuntu boot side by side w/ Win 7 is to reformat the Win7 SDD and set it boot in legacy BIOS mode with a MBR instead of GPT. Per my understanding this is a quite complex issue to fix (Rod Smith's answer was pretty helpful: UEFI boot on my Asus k52f) but any other suggestions are welcome. I find a bit odd that I can boot properly Windows7 SSD or an Ubuntu DVD using a DVD drive set in UEFI-BIOS in "AHCI mode" and w/ using "UEFI/Windows Boot Manager" booting option but I cannot boot a secondary SSD-HDD w/ Ubuntu having the same BIOS/UEFI Boot configuration. Looks like plugging the second SSD [the Ubuntu partition] is interfering with boot options in UEFI-BIOS.

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  • Is It Possible To Recover A Partial LVM Logical Volume?

    - by Terry Wang
    Background It is an Ubuntu 12.04 VirtualBox VM with 5 virtual HDDs (VDI), NOTE this is just a test VM, so not well planned ahead: ubuntu.vdi for / (/dev/mapper/ubuntu-root AKA /dev/ubuntu/root) and /home (/dev/mapper/ubuntu-home) weblogic.vdi - /dev/sdb (mounted on /bea for weblogic and other stuff) btrfs1.vdi - /dev/sdc (part of btrfs -m raid1 -d raid1 configuration) btrfs2.vdi - /dev/sdd (part of btrfs -m raid1 -d raid1 configuration) more.vdi - /dev/sde (added this virtual HDD because / ran out of inodes and it wasn't easy to figure out what to delete so as to free up inodes, so I just added the new virtual HDD, created PV, added it to existing volume group ubuntu, grew the root logical volume to work around the inode issue -_-) What happened? Last Friday, before finishing up I wanted to free up some disk space on that box, for some reason I thought the more.vdi was useless and tried to detach it from the VM, I then clicked delete (should have clicked keep files damn!) by mistake when detaching. Unfortunately I didn't have backup for it. All too late. What I have tried Tried to undelete (use testdisk and photorec) the vdi files but it takes too long and recovered heaps of .vdi files that I didn't want (huge, filled the disk, damn!). I finally gave up. Fortunately most of data is on separate ext4 partition and btrfs volumes. Out of curiosity, I still tried to mount the logical volumes and see if it is possible to at least recover the /var and /etc I tried to use system rescue cd to boot and activate the volume groups, I got: Couldn't find device with uuid xxxx. Refusing activation of the partial LV root. Use --partial to override. 1 logical volume(s) in volume group "ubuntu" now active. I was able to mount home LV but not root LV. I am wondering if it is possible to access the root LV any more. Under the bonnet, data (on LV root - /) was striped to more.vdi (PV), I know it's almost impossible to to recover. But I am still curious about how system administrator/DevOps guys deal with this sort of situation;-) Thanks in advance.

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  • How can I prevent Libre Office to start unexpected when I start other applications?

    - by brubaker
    I am on Ubuntu 11.10/64bit with Gnome 3. Regards [update] I trying to say that when I start an application like Nautilus LibreOffice starts as well. Sometimes this also happens when I open a document with a totally different extension i.e. a .html doc. I checked if and which plugins are installed to Firefox: OpenOffice.org Plug-in File: libnpsoplugin.so Version: OpenOffice.org Plug-in handles all its documents MIME Type Description Suffixes application/vnd.stardivision.calc StarCalc 3.0 - 5.0 sdc application/vnd.stardivision.chart StarChart 3.0 - 5.0 sds application/vnd.stardivision.draw StarDraw 3.0 - 5.0 sda application/vnd.stardivision.impress StarImpress 3.0 - 5.0 sdd application/vnd.stardivision.impress-packed StarImpress-packed 3.0 - 5.0 sdp application/vnd.stardivision.math StarMath 3.0 - 5.0 smf application/vnd.stardivision.writer StarWriter Template 3.0 - 5.0 vor application/vnd.stardivision.writer-global StarWriter Global 3.0 - 5.0 sgl application/vnd.staroffice.writer StarWriter 3.0 - 5.0 sdw application/vnd.sun.xml.calc StarOffice 6.0/7 Spreadsheet sxc application/vnd.sun.xml.calc.template StarOffice 6.0/7 Spreadsheet Template stc application/vnd.sun.xml.draw StarOffice 6.0/7 Drawing sxd application/vnd.sun.xml.draw.template StarOffice 6.0/7 Drawing Template std application/vnd.sun.xml.impress StarOffice 6.0/7 Presentation sxi application/vnd.sun.xml.impress.template StarOffice 6.0/7 Presentation Template sti application/vnd.sun.xml.math StarOffice 6.0/7 Formula sxm application/vnd.sun.xml.writer StarOffice 6.0/7 Text Document sxw application/vnd.sun.xml.writer.global StarOffice 6.0/7 Master Document sxg application/vnd.sun.xml.writer.template StarOffice 6.0/7 Text Document Template stw application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text OpenDocument Text odt application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-template OpenDocument Text Template ott application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-master OpenDocument Master Document odm application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-web HTML Document Template oth application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet OpenDocument Spreadsheet ods application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet-template OpenDocument Spreadsheet Template ots application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics OpenDocument Drawing odg application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics-template OpenDocument Drawing Template otg application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation OpenDocument Presentation odp application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation-template OpenDocument Presentation Template otp application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.formula OpenDocument Formula odf

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  • How do I align my partition table properly?

    - by Jorge Castro
    I am in the process of building my first RAID5 array. I've used mdadm to create the following set up: root@bondigas:~# mdadm --detail /dev/md1 /dev/md1: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Wed Oct 20 20:00:41 2010 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 5860543488 (5589.05 GiB 6001.20 GB) Used Dev Size : 1953514496 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 1 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Wed Oct 20 20:13:48 2010 State : clean, degraded, recovering Active Devices : 3 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 64K Rebuild Status : 1% complete UUID : f6dc829e:aa29b476:edd1ef19:85032322 (local to host bondigas) Events : 0.12 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb 1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc 2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd 4 8 64 3 spare rebuilding /dev/sde While that's going I decided to format the beast with the following command: root@bondigas:~# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md1p1 mke2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010) /dev/md1p1 alignment is offset by 63488 bytes. This may result in very poor performance, (re)-partitioning suggested. Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=16 blocks, Stripe width=48 blocks 97853440 inodes, 391394047 blocks 19569702 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=0 11945 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 102400000, 214990848 Writing inode tables: ^C 27/11945 root@bondigas:~# ^C I am unsure what to do about "/dev/md1p1 alignment is offset by 63488 bytes." and how to properly partition the disks to match so I can format it properly.

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  • Copying files to zfs mountpoint doesn't work - the files aren't actually copied to the other filesystem,

    - by user113904
    I have 3 x 4 TB disks in a NAS that I want to group together and access as if they were one whole 'unit' of some kind. I also have a 250GB disk containing the OS - this is full of films and tv shows currently. I thought zfs sounded good so I created a raidz zpool, after installing the ppa sudo zpool create store raidz /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd and set the mountpoint to /mnt/store sudo zfs set mountpoint=/mnt/store /store checked it was successful - I think it was sudo zfs list NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT store 266K 7.16T 170K /mnt/store Then I wanted to move over a whole load of files from my home directory. I went to where the to-be-copied folder was (called media) and entered sudo cp -R * /mnt/store cp: cannot create directory `/mnt/store/media': No space left on device It seems like it's not copying over to the new filesystem I made (or thought I did). I've never really done this type of thing until a few days ago so may be running before I can walk... is this not the right way to copy files across? I've only used windows before so the idea of mountpoints is a bit mind boggling. I'm using XBMCbuntu 12 beta 2.0 which is based on 12.04. Will retry with normal Ubuntu 12.04 desktop to see if that's the problem. thanks for the help!

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  • format/build raid 5 with one 4k drive, three 512b

    - by skidawgz
    I have 4 WD 1TB drives which I want to 4x1TB Raid5. I am not sure what course of action to take next. How do I configure my 4th drive (sde) to align with the rest? Will this affect performance? I rcv this msg (which brings me here to ask these question): The device presents a logical sector size that is smaller than the physical sector size. Aligning to a physical sector (or optimal I/O) size boundary is recommended, or performance may be impacted. fdisk -l shows: Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 81 heads, 63 sectors/track, 382818 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xf324ba09 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 1953525167 976761560 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 81 heads, 63 sectors/track, 382818 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x38bcc1f0 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 2048 1953525167 976761560 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sdd: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 81 heads, 63 sectors/track, 382818 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x570f77e7 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 2048 1953525167 976761560 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sde: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0xeb665e7b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

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  • 12.04 grub unable to boot on /sde, upgrade-grub and boot-repair failed, please help

    - by VGR
    My problem is I've 4 disks in a raid array listed as sda, sdb... sdd and grub 2 refuses to boot on /sde (the 5th disk, standalone and containing a clean install of 12.04 64 bits). I tried all solutions but all fail. (live CD/USB with grub-setup, also tried repair-grub, and tried also in the "grub rescue" set prefix= etc). I also tried to deactivate the RAID array in the BIOS, but I'd rather not destroy it, and I didn't find a way to make the standalone disk as '/sda1' (this would satisfy grub). In the BIOS, the would-be /sda is the only bootable hard disk; it ends up as /sde and grubs complains. I've made repair-grub issue a pastebin. I always end up in grub-rescue and I'm stuck. I need Ubuntu to boot so that I can add the device array handler for my disks. I can't switch the disks and I can't disconnect the SATA RAID controller. I need: (a) a workaround so that grub starts on /sde; or (b) a way to change the order in which Ubuntu sees the disks, at boot time. I could then provide grub with a /sda1. Thanks a lot. up please thanks a lot it's not the same problem as booting ubuntu from raid. My RAID array serves only of data repository windows had no problem with this configuration

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  • Kingston SD reader not working for USB3

    - by user1146334
    I have a Kingston 4-in-1 Multimedia reader. When my PC was formatted with Win7 it worked fine. I decided to change to Ubuntu 14.04 and now it doesn't work. If I plug it into one of the USB2 ports it works fine, but whenever I plug it into one of the USB3 ports, it thinks about it for a minute and then dies. Here's the output of dmesg when it dies [110262.148656] usb 4-1: new SuperSpeed USB device number 3 using xhci_hcd [110262.170330] usb 4-1: Parent hub missing LPM exit latency info. Power management will be impacted. [110262.266379] usb 4-1: New USB device found, idVendor=11b0, idProduct=6348 [110262.266386] usb 4-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3 [110262.266390] usb 4-1: Product: USB3.0 Media Reader [110262.266394] usb 4-1: Manufacturer: Kingston [110262.266398] usb 4-1: SerialNumber: 08735314400198 [110262.272929] usb-storage 4-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected [110262.273239] scsi15 : usb-storage 4-1:1.0 [110263.290056] scsi 15:0:0:0: Direct-Access FCR-HS3 -0 1.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 4 [110263.306622] scsi 15:0:0:1: Direct-Access FCR-HS3 -1 1.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 4 [110263.323292] scsi 15:0:0:2: Direct-Access FCR-HS3 -2 1.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 4 [110263.339858] scsi 15:0:0:3: Direct-Access FCR-HS3 -3 1.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 4 [110263.340332] sd 15:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0 [110263.340706] sd 15:0:0:1: Attached scsi generic sg4 type 0 [110263.340850] sd 15:0:0:2: Attached scsi generic sg5 type 0 [110263.340975] sd 15:0:0:3: Attached scsi generic sg6 type 0 [110264.651847] sd 15:0:0:1: [sde] 31116288 512-byte logical blocks: (15.9 GB/14.8 GiB) [110264.667049] sd 15:0:0:1: [sde] Write Protect is off [110264.667055] sd 15:0:0:1: [sde] Mode Sense: 2f 00 00 00 [110264.682767] sd 15:0:0:1: [sde] Write cache: disabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA [110264.694975] sd 15:0:0:2: [sdf] Attached SCSI removable disk [110264.697933] sd 15:0:0:3: [sdg] Attached SCSI removable disk [110264.729918] sd 15:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI removable disk [110264.754189] sde: sde1 [110264.760114] sd 15:0:0:1: [sde] Attached SCSI removable disk [110275.377368] usb 4-1: reset SuperSpeed USB device number 3 using xhci_hcd [110275.398453] usb 4-1: Parent hub missing LPM exit latency info. Power management will be impacted. [110275.436592] xhci_hcd 0000:05:00.0: xHCI xhci_drop_endpoint called with disabled ep ffff8802e4fb9980 [110275.436600] xhci_hcd 0000:05:00.0: xHCI xhci_drop_endpoint called with disabled ep ffff8802e4fb99c0 [110277.263444] usb 4-1: USB disconnect, device number 3

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  • Sharing swap space between Windows and Ubuntu

    - by Leftium
    This Linux Swap Space Mini-HOWTO describes how to share swap space between Windows and Linux. Do these instructions still apply to Ubuntu in 2011? How should I modify the steps for Ubuntu? Is there a better approach to sharing swap space? Based on the HOWTO, it seems best to create a dedicated NTFS swap partition: Dedicated so the swap file will be contiguous and remain unfragmented. NTFS so both Windows and Ubuntu can read/write to it. (Or is FAT32 better for this purpose?) Then, configure Ubuntu to prepare the swap space for use by Linux on start up; by Windows on shut down. I want to dual boot Ubuntu and Windows 7 on my X301 laptop. However, my laptop only has a 64 GB SDD, so I would like to conserve as much disk space as possible. update: There is an alternate method using a special driver for Windows that let you use a Linux swap partition for temporary storage like a RAM-disk, but it doesn't seem to be as good...

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  • Ubuntu unstable, showing awkward behavior

    - by Christophe De Troyer
    Let me start off by saying that this problem can't be described in such a way that allows me to find other topics, which have some relevance to this problem. That's why I created this question. In case this question might have been asked before, I apologize. So what is the problem: My computer (Intel Core I5 2500K - with HD3000 graphics -, 6 gb DDR, 1 SSD, 3 HDD's and an Asus P8Z68 mobo) runs Windows on the SDD. But I decided to give Ubuntu a chance to be my daily OS for basic needs since it's open source and I find it a handicap of not being able to work with it. I decided to run the windows installer and install Ubuntu 12.04 to my 320 Gb hdd which was not being used in my computer. After installing it and booting it, it worked great! I spent the rest of the day/night using it, and falling for it. Great, today I booted Ubuntu (I had the choice in the bootloader as I expected). It asked me for my login and it started logging in. Now, after a few (literally) minutes of letting it "boot" I tried determining the cause of this. What I've figured out so far: When I left click on my desktop it freezes completely for a few seconds I have something like tearing in the left side menu (in games, you know) when I move my mouse around It runs well when just hovering around with my mouse, but from the point I click on something it freezes. What have I tried? I ran a HD Tune diagnostic on the HDD but the performance seems to be very close to the stock values, so I'm taking it as a good HDD. I'm trying to get to the drivers update panel for Ubuntu, but with the state it's in, it's taking a lot of time.. Could anyone point me in a direction for troubleshooting this? I'm not really a noob at all, just when using Linux.. :) Thanks in advance! Christophe,

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  • Why is LSHW Only listing one of my two HDDs?

    - by Mark
    I have a 120GB HDD and a 1TB HDD in the system. I installed Ubuntu Server using LVM on the 120GB. After installation I added the 1TB to the existing volume group and added 10GB to /home as a test. My understanding is that lshw is supposed to list hardware. What's the difference here? mark@server:~$ sudo lshw -short -c disk H/W path Device Class Description ========================================================= /0/100/1f.2/0 /dev/sda disk 120GB ST3120026AS /0/100/1f.2/1 /dev/cdrom disk DVD+-RW GH50N /0/1/0.0.0 /dev/sdc disk SCSI Disk /0/1/0.0.1 /dev/sdd disk SCSI Disk /0/1/0.0.2 /dev/sde disk SCSI Disk /0/1/0.0.3 /dev/sdf disk SCSI Disk The 1TB only shows up as a volume, not as a disk. mark@server:~$ sudo lshw -short .... /0/100/1f.2/0 /dev/sda disk 120GB ST3120026AS /0/100/1f.2/0/1 /dev/sda1 volume 476MiB Linux filesystem partition /0/100/1f.2/0/2 /dev/sda2 volume 111GiB Linux LVM Physical Volume partition /0/100/1f.2/1 /dev/cdrom disk DVD+-RW GH50N /0/100/1f.2/0.0.0 /dev/sdb volume 931GiB WDC WD1001FALS-0 Thanks, Mark

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  • Quick and Good: ( Requirement -> Validation -> Design ) for self use?

    - by Yugal Jindle
    How to casually do the required Software Engineering and designing? I am an inexperienced developer and face the following problem: My company is a start up and has no fix Software engineering systems. I am assigned tasks with not very clear and conflicting requirements. I don't have to follow any designs or verify requirements officially. Problem: I code all day and finally get stuck where requirement conflicts and I have to start over again. I can-not spend a lot of time doing proper SRS or SDD. How should I: List out Requirements for myself. (Not an official document) How to verify and validate the requirements? How to visualize them? How to design them with minimum effort? (As its going to be with me only) I don't want to waste my time coding something that's gonna collapse according to requirement conflict or something! I don't want to compromise with quality but don't want to re-write everything on some change that I didn't expected. I imagine making a diagram for my thought process that will show me conflict in the diagram itself, then finally correcting the diagram - I decide my design and structure my code in terms of interfaces or something. And then finally start implementing my design. I am able to sense the lack of systematic approach, but don't know how to proceed! Update: Please suggest me some tools that can ask me the questions and help me aggregate important details. How can I have diagram that I talked about for requirement verification?

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  • Official definition of CSCI (Computer Software Configuration Item)

    - by Andreas_D
    I'm looking for the most official definition of CSCI / Configuration Item - not just what it is but what we have to deliver / can expect when a contract defines subsystems which shall be developed as configuration items. I spend some time with my famous search tool and found a lot of explanations for CSCI (wikipedia, acronym directories, ...) but I haven't found a standard or a pointer to a standard (like ISO-xxx) yet which tells (1) what it is and (2) what has to be done from a QM/CM point of view. I just ask, because a contractors QM representative stated during an acceptance test, that CI only requires to not forget the CI in the configuration plan and to assign a serial number ... I expected to see some SRS, SDD, ICD, SVD, SIP, ... documents and acceptance test documentation for those subsystems...

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  • 13.10 upgrade dropping wifi [on hold]

    - by Daryl
    Almost a complete newb here. After my last upgrade from 12.04 to 13.10 my wifi now randomly drops. The only way I can get a signal back is a shutdown and restart otherwise it shows no network is even available to connect to. Had no problems until the upgrade. Any help would be appreciated. H/W path Device Class Description ==================================================== system h8-1534 (H2N64AA#ABA) /0 bus 2AC8 /0/0 memory 64KiB BIOS /0/4 processor AMD FX(tm)-6200 Six-Core Processor /0/4/5 memory 288KiB L1 cache /0/4/6 memory 6MiB L2 cache /0/4/7 memory 8MiB L3 cache /0/d memory 10GiB System Memory /0/d/0 memory DIMM Synchronous [empty] /0/d/1 memory 4GiB DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1600 MHz (0.6 ns) /0/d/2 memory 2GiB DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1600 MHz (0.6 ns) /0/d/3 memory 4GiB DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1600 MHz (0.6 ns) /0/100 bridge RD890 PCI to PCI bridge (external gfx0 port B) /0/100/0.2 generic RD990 I/O Memory Management Unit (IOMMU) /0/100/2 bridge RD890 PCI to PCI bridge (PCI express gpp port B) /0/100/2/0 display Turks PRO [Radeon HD 7570] /0/100/2/0.1 multimedia Turks/Whistler HDMI Audio [Radeon HD 6000 Series] /0/100/5 bridge RD890 PCI to PCI bridge (PCI express gpp port E) /0/100/5/0 bus TUSB73x0 SuperSpeed USB 3.0 xHCI Host Controller /0/100/11 storage SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 SATA Controller [RAID5 mode] /0/100/12 bus SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 USB OHCI0 Controller /0/100/12.2 bus SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 USB EHCI Controller /0/100/13 bus SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 USB OHCI0 Controller /0/100/13.2 bus SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 USB EHCI Controller /0/100/14 bus SBx00 SMBus Controller /0/100/14.2 multimedia SBx00 Azalia (Intel HDA) /0/100/14.3 bridge SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 LPC host controller /0/100/14.4 bridge SBx00 PCI to PCI Bridge /0/100/14.5 bus SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 USB OHCI2 Controller /0/100/15 bridge SB700/SB800/SB900 PCI to PCI bridge (PCIE port 0) /0/100/15.1 bridge SB700/SB800/SB900 PCI to PCI bridge (PCIE port 1) /0/100/15.2 bridge SB900 PCI to PCI bridge (PCIE port 2) /0/100/15.2/0 wlan0 network RT3290 Wireless 802.11n 1T/1R PCIe /0/100/15.2/0.1 generic RT3290 Bluetooth /0/100/15.3 bridge SB900 PCI to PCI bridge (PCIE port 3) /0/100/15.3/0 eth0 network RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller /0/100/16 bus SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 USB OHCI0 Controller /0/100/16.2 bus SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 USB EHCI Controller /0/101 bridge Family 15h Processor Function 0 /0/102 bridge Family 15h Processor Function 1 /0/103 bridge Family 15h Processor Function 2 /0/104 bridge Family 15h Processor Function 3 /0/105 bridge Family 15h Processor Function 4 /0/106 bridge Family 15h Processor Function 5 /0/1 scsi0 storage /0/1/0.0.0 /dev/sda disk 1TB WDC WD1002FAEX-0 /0/1/0.0.0/1 volume 189MiB Windows FAT volume /0/1/0.0.0/2 /dev/sda2 volume 244MiB data partition /0/1/0.0.0/3 /dev/sda3 volume 931GiB LVM Physical Volume /0/2 scsi2 storage /0/2/0.0.0 /dev/cdrom disk DVD A DH16ACSHR /0/3 scsi6 storage /0/3/0.0.0 /dev/sdb disk SCSI Disk /0/3/0.0.1 /dev/sdc disk SCSI Disk /0/3/0.0.2 /dev/sdd disk SCSI Disk /0/3/0.0.3 /dev/sde disk MS/MS-Pro /0/3/0.0.3/0 /dev/sde disk /1 power Standard Efficiency I apologize for my newbness. I hope this is enough info for the hardware. Thanks Bruno for pointing out I needed to add more info. If I am lacking anything else please let me know and I'll post it.

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  • What tells initramfs or the Ubuntu Server boot process how to assemble RAID arrays?

    - by Brad
    The simple question: how does initramfs know how to assemble mdadm RAID arrays at startup? My problem: I boot my server and get: Gave up waiting for root device. ALERT! /dev/disk/by-uuid/[UUID] does not exist. Dropping to a shell! This happens because /dev/md0 (which is /boot, RAID 1) and /dev/md1 (which is /, RAID 5) are not being assembled correctly. What I get is /dev/md0 isn't assembled at all. /dev/md1 is assembled, but instead of using /dev/sda2, /dev/sdb2, /dev/sdc2, and /dev/sdd2, it uses /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc, /dev/sdd. To fix this and boot my server I do: $(initramfs) mdadm --stop /dev/md1 $(initramfs) mdadm --assemble /dev/md0 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 $(initramfs) mdadm --assemble /dev/md1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdd2 $(initramfs) exit And it boots properly and everything works. Now I just need the RAID arrays to assemble properly at boot so I don't have to manually assemble them. I've checked /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf and the UUIDs of the two arrays listed in that file match the UUIDs from $ mdadm --detail /dev/md[0,1]. Other details: Ubuntu 10.10, GRUB2, mdadm 2.6.7.1 UPDATE: I have a feeling it has to do with superblocks. $ mdadm --examine /dev/sda outputs the same thing as $ mdadm --examine /dev/sda2. $ mdadm --examine /dev/sda1 seems to be fine because it outputs information about /dev/md0. I don't know if this is the problem or not, but it seems to fit with /dev/md1 getting assembled with /dev/sd[abcd] instead of /dev/sd[abcd]2. I tried zeroing the superblock on /dev/sd[abcd]. This removed the superblock from /dev/sd[abcd]2 as well and prevented me from being able to assemble /dev/md1 at all. I had to $ mdadm --create to get it back. This also put the super blocks back to the way they were.

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  • "Windows detected a hard drive" issue in Windows 7 x64

    - by Jasiu
    I upgraded to the OCZ-Agility3 120GB from a 60 OCZ Vertex2 SSD. I cloned the drive from the Vertex to the new Agility. Everything seemed to have gone well and have not had any problems. Recently in the passed month I have gotten this error: I downloaded teh OCZToolboxMP and ran the SMART utility and don't see anything wrong: SMART READ DATA ModelNumber : OCZ-AGILITY3 Serial Number : OCZ-Y1945X77438P4NU6 WWN : 5-e8-3a-97 ebea5ba76 Revision: 10 Attributes List 1: SSD Raw Read Error Rate Normalized Rate: 70 total ECC and RAISE errors 5: SSD Retired Block Count Reserve blocks remaining: 100% 9: SSD Power-On Hours Total hours power on: 968 12: SSD Power Cycle Count Count of power on/off cycles: 28 171: SSD Program Fail Count Total number of Flash program operation failures: 0 172: SSD Erase Fail Count Total number of Flash erase operation failures: 0 174: SSD Unexpected power loss count Total number of unexpected power loss: 11 177: SSD Wear Range Delta Delta between most-worn and least-worn Flash blocks: 0 181: SSD Program Fail Count Total number of Flash program operation failures: 0 182: SSD Erase Fail Count Total number of Flash erase operation failures: 0 187: SSD Reported Uncorrectable Errors Uncorrectable RAISE errors reported to the host for all data access: 4145 194: SSD Temperature Monitoring Current: 30 High: 30 Low: 30 195: SSD ECC On-the-fly Count Normalized Rate: 120 196: SSD Reallocation Event Count Total number of reallocated Flash blocks: 100 201: SSD Uncorrectable Soft Read Error Rate Normalized Rate: 120 204: SSD Soft ECC Correction Rate (RAISE) Normalized Rate: 120 230: SSD Life Curve Status Current state of drive operation based upon the Life Curve: 100 231: SSD Life Left Approximate SDD life Remaining: 100% 241: SSD Lifetime writes from host lifetime writes 893 GB 242: SSD Lifetime reads from host lifetime reads 968 GB Does anyone have any ideas of what might be wrong and or how I can go about fixing this? Please let me know if there is other information I can provide. Thanks for your help Windows 7 x64 SP1 AMD Phenom II X4 940 8GB RAM

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  • Howo to get Multipath IO with Dell MD3600i into active/active setup?

    - by Disco
    I'm desperately trying to improve performance of my SAN connection. Here's what i have: [root@xnode1 dell]# multipath -ll mpath1 (36d4ae520009bd7cc0000030e4fe8230b) dm-2 DELL,MD36xxi [size=5.5T][features=3 queue_if_no_path pg_init_retries 50][hwhandler=1 rdac][rw] \_ round-robin 0 [prio=200][active] \_ 18:0:0:0 sdb 8:16 [active][ready] \_ 19:0:0:0 sdd 8:48 [active][ghost] \_ 20:0:0:0 sdf 8:80 [active][ghost] \_ 21:0:0:0 sdh 8:112 [active][ready] And multipath.conf : defaults { udev_dir /dev polling_interval 5 prio_callout none rr_min_io 100 max_fds 8192 user_friendly_names yes path_grouping_policy multibus default_features "1 fail_if_no_path" } blacklist { device { vendor "*" product "Universal Xport" } } devices { device { vendor "DELL" product "MD36xxi" path_checker rdac path_selector "round-robin 0" hardware_handler "1 rdac" failback immediate features "2 pg_init_retries 50" no_path_retry 30 rr_min_io 100 prio_callout "/sbin/mpath_prio_rdac /dev/%n" } } And sessions. [root@xnode1 dell]# iscsiadm -m session tcp: [13] 10.0.51.220:3260,1 iqn.1984-05.com.dell:powervault.md3600i.6d4ae520009bd7cc000000004fd7507c tcp: [14] 10.0.50.221:3260,2 iqn.1984-05.com.dell:powervault.md3600i.6d4ae520009bd7cc000000004fd7507c tcp: [15] 10.0.51.221:3260,2 iqn.1984-05.com.dell:powervault.md3600i.6d4ae520009bd7cc000000004fd7507c tcp: [16] 10.0.50.220:3260,1 iqn.1984-05.com.dell:powervault.md3600i.6d4ae520009bd7cc000000004fd7507c I'm getting very poor read performance : dd if=/dev/mapper/mpath1 of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1000 The SAN is configured as follows: CTRL0,PORT0 : 10.0.50.220 CTRL0,PORT1 : 10.0.50.221 CTRL1,PORT0 : 10.0.51.220 CTRL1,PORT1 : 10.0.51.221 And on the host : IF0 : 10.0.50.1 IF1 : 10.0.51.1 (Dual 10GbE Ethernet Card Intel DA2) It's connected to a 10gbE switch dedicated for SAN traffic. My questions being; why the connection is set up as 'ghost' and not 'ready' like an active/active configuration ?

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  • sg_map & lsscsi showing old storage version

    - by PratapSingh
    I am using SUN storage and recently upgraded/refreshed my ISCSI LUN storage. We have replicated old storage to new storage and attached to our servers. I can see at SUN storage side that storage is attached to server and also from server when I run the below command it prints the following output : iscsiadm -m session tcp: [1] 10.1.1.10:3260,2 iqn.86-03.com.sun:02:afsfsf58-c56a-6ba8-a944-addd258687cd The above storage is SUN STORAGE 7420 But when I run sg_map or lsscsi command it prints different version: lsscsi disk SUN Sun Storage 7410 1.0 /dev/sda disk SUN Sun Storage 7410 1.0 /dev/sdb disk SUN Sun Storage 7410 1.0 /dev/sdc disk SUN Sun Storage 7410 1.0 /dev/sdd Output of ls on "/dev/disk/by-path/" ls -1 /dev/disk/by-path/ ip-10.1.1.10:3260-iscsi-iqn.86-03.com.sun:02:afsfsf58-c56a-6ba8-a944-addd258687cd-lun-0 ip-10.1.1.10:3260-iscsi-iqn.86-03.com.sun:02:afsfsf58-c56a-6ba8-a944-addd258687cd-lun-0-part1 ip-10.1.1.10:3260-iscsi-iqn.86-03.com.sun:02:afsfsf58-c56a-6ba8-a944-addd258687cd-lun-18 ip-10.1.1.10:3260-iscsi-iqn.86-03.com.sun:02:afsfsf58-c56a-6ba8-a944-addd258687cd-lun-18-part1 ip-10.1.1.10:3260-iscsi-iqn.86-03.com.sun:02:afsfsf58-c56a-6ba8-a944-addd258687cd-lun-2 ip-10.1.1.10:3260-iscsi-iqn.86-03.com.sun:02:afsfsf58-c56a-6ba8-a944-addd258687cd-lun-2-part1 ip-10.1.1.10:3260-iscsi-iqn.86-03.com.sun:02:afsfsf58-c56a-6ba8-a944-addd258687cd-lun-4 ip-10.1.1.10:3260-iscsi-iqn.86-03.com.sun:02:afsfsf58-c56a-6ba8-a944-addd258687cd-lun-4-part1 ip-10.1.1.10:3260-iscsi-iqn.86-03.com.sun:02:afsfsf58-c56a-6ba8-a944-addd258687cd-lun-6 ip-10.1.1.10:3260-iscsi-iqn.86-03.com.sun:02:afsfsf58-c56a-6ba8-a944-addd258687cd-lun-6-part1 I have rebooted server twice but still I am getting the same output as given above.

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  • SSD cache to minimize HDD spin-up time?

    - by sirprize
    short version first: I'm looking for Linux compatible software which is able to transparently cache HDD writes using an SSD. However, I only want to spin up the HDD once or twice a day (to write the cached data to the HDD). The rest of the time, the HDD should not be spinning due to noise concerns. Now the longer version: I have built a completely silent computer running Xubuntu. It has a A10-6700T APU, huge fanless cooler, fanless PSU, SSD. The problem is: it also has (and needs) a noisy HDD and I want to forbid spinning it up during the night. All writes should be cached on the SSD, reads are not needed in the night. Throughout every day, this computer will automatically download about 5 GB of data which will be retained for about a year, giving a total needed disk capacity of slightly less than 2 TB. This data is currently stored on a 3 TB noisy hard disk drive which is spinning day and night. Sometimes, I'll need to access some data from several months ago. However, most times I'll only need data from the last 14 days, which would fit on the SSD. Ideally, I'd like a transparent solution (all data on one filesystem) which caches all writes to the SSD, writing to the HDD only once a day. Reads would be served by the cache if they were still on the SDD, else the HDD would have to spin up. I have tried bcache without much success (using cache_mode=writeback, writeback_running=0, writeback_delay=86400, sequential_cutoff=0, congested_write_threshold_us=0 - anything missing?) and I read about ZFS ZIL/L2ARC but I'm not sure I can achieve my goal with ZFS. Any pointers? If all else fails, I will simply use some scripts to automatically copy files over to the big drive while deleting the oldest files from the SSD.

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