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  • Syntax error in Maya Python Script [on hold]

    - by Enchanter
    Ok this error is immensly frustrating as it is obviously a simple syntax issue. Basically I've written two lines of maya script in python designed to create a list of the names of all the joints of a model currently selected in the model viewer. Here are the two lines of script: import maya.cmds joints = ls(selection = true, type = 'joint') Upon compiling the code the script editor is saying there is a syntax error in the second line, but I do not see any reason why this code should not execute?

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  • Understanding how to go from a scene to what's actually rendered to screen in OpenGL?

    - by Pris
    I want something that explains step by step how, after setting up a simple scene I can go from that 'world' space, to what's finally rendered on my screen (ie, actually implement something). I need the resource to clearly show how to derive and set up both orthographic and perspective projection matrices... basically I want to thoroughly understand what's going on behind the scenes and not plug in random things without knowing what they do. I've found lots of half explanations, presentation slides, walls of text, etc that aren't really doing much for me. I have a basic understanding of linear algebra/matrix transforms, and a rough idea of what's going on when you go from model space - screen, but not enough to actually implement it in code.

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  • Rendering only a part of text FTGL, OpenGL

    - by Mosquito
    I'm using FTGL library to render text in my C++ project. I can easily render text by using: CFontManager::Instance().renderWrappedText(font, lineLength, position, text); Unfortunately there is a situation in which this Button which displays text, is partly hidden because of resizing container in which it is situated. I'm able without any problem to draw Button's background to fit the container, but I've got a problem with doing the same with a text. Is it possible to somehow draw only text for given width and the rest just ignore? This is a screen which presents my problem: As you can see, the Button "Click here" is being drawn properly, but I can't do the same with "Click here" text.

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  • Any recommended books/resources on component-based design?

    - by user1163640
    I come from a background with heavy use of the classical object-oriented paradigm for software development. The company I am a part of switched to Unity not too long ago, and we're all very excited to get started using it However, one aspect that have sparked my interested, and which I think will become a very important part of our future development, is Unity's approach to component-based design with scripting; with less focus on typical hierarchical aspect. Question I was wondering if anyone could recommend any good books on this subject? I have had trouble finding any books or books with reliable reviews, and was wondering if anyone more experienced here had something to say on the issue? Any other kind of resource would be excellent too, I'm just interested in getting to learn everything I can about it. This is not meant as a discussion about best books or resources on the topic, but simply a question regarding any resources that any of you find useful. Thank you all for your time!

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  • How can I keep straight alpha during rendering particles?

    - by April
    Rencently,I was trying to save textures of 3D particles so that I can reuse the in 2D rendering.Now I had some problem with alpha channel.Some artist told me I that my textures should have unpremultiplied alpha channel.When I try to get the rgb value back,I got strange result.Some area went lighter and even totally white.I mainly focus on additive and blend mode,that is: ADDITIVE: srcAlpha VS 1 BLEND: srcAlpha VS 1-srcAlpha I tried a technique called premultiplied alpha.This technique just got you the right rgb value,its all you need on screen.As for alpha value,it worked well with BLEND mode,but not ADDITIVE mode.As you can see in parameters,BLEND mode always controlled its value within 1.While ADDITIVE mode cannot guarantee. I want proper alpha,but it just got too big or too small consider to rgb.Now what can I do?Any help will be great thankful. PS:If you don't understand what I am trying to do,there is a commercial software called "Particle Illusion".You can create various particles and then save the scene to texture,where you can choose to remove background of particles. Now,I changed the title.For some software like maya or AE,what I want is called [straight alpha].

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  • GPU optimization question: pre-computed or procedural?

    - by Jay
    Good morning, I'm learning shader program and need some general direction. I want to add noise to my laser beam (like this). Which is the best way to handle it? I could pre-compute an image and pass it to the shader. I could then use the image to change the opacity and easily animate the smoke by changing the offset of the texture lookup. I could also generate noise in the shader and do the same thing the texture was used for. Is it generally better to avoid I/O to the graphics card or the opposite? Thanks!

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  • Can someone explain the (reasons for the) implications of colum vs row major in multiplication/concatenation?

    - by sebf
    I am trying to learn how to construct view and projection matrices, and keep reaching difficulties in my implementation owing to my confusion about the two standards for matrices. I know how to multiply a matrix, and I can see that transposing before multiplication would completely change the result, hence the need to multiply in a different order. What I don't understand though is whats meant by only 'notational convention' - from the articles here and here the authors appear to assert that it makes no difference to how the matrix is stored, or transferred to the GPU, but on the second page that matrix is clearly not equivalent to how it would be laid out in memory for row-major; and if I look at a populated matrix in my program I see the translation components occupying the 4th, 8th and 12th elements. Given that: "post-multiplying with column-major matrices produces the same result as pre-multiplying with row-major matrices. " Why in the following snippet of code: Matrix4 r = t3 * t2 * t1; Matrix4 r2 = t1.Transpose() * t2.Transpose() * t3.Transpose(); Does r != r2 and why does pos3 != pos for: Vector4 pos = wvpM * new Vector4(0f, 15f, 15f, 1); Vector4 pos3 = wvpM.Transpose() * new Vector4(0f, 15f, 15f, 1); Does the multiplication process change depending on whether the matrices are row or column major, or is it just the order (for an equivalent effect?) One thing that isn't helping this become any clearer, is that when provided to DirectX, my column major WVP matrix is used successfully to transform vertices with the HLSL call: mul(vector,matrix) which should result in the vector being treated as row-major, so how can the column major matrix provided by my math library work?

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  • How to implement custom texture formats in Android?

    - by random1337
    What I know: Android can load PNG, BMP, WEBP,... via BitmapFactory. What I want to achive: Load my own 2D file format (e.g. 1-bit texture with a 1-bit alpha channel) and output a RGBA8888 texture. Question: Is there any interface to achieve this?(or any other way) The resulting image is used as a texture for a 3D model. Why would you do that? Saving phone memory and download bandwidth while expanding the texture at runtime to RAM seems reasonable for very simple textures.

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  • Removing/Adding a specific variable from an object inside javascript array? [migrated]

    - by hustlerinc
    I have a map array with objects stuffed with variables looking like this: var map = [ [{ground:0, object:1}, {ground:0, item:2}, {ground:0, object:1, item:2}], [{ground:0, object:1}, {ground:0, item:2}, {ground:0, object:1, item:2}] ]; Now I would like to be able to delete and add one of the variables like item:2. 1) What would I use to delete specific variables? 2) What would I use to add specific variables? I just need 2 short lines of code, the rest like detecting if and where to execute I've figured out. I've tried delete map[i][j].item; with no results. Help appreciated.

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  • what's wrong with my lookAt and move forward code?

    - by alaslipknot
    so am still in the process of getting familiar with libGdx and one of the fun things i love to do is to make basics method for reusability on future projects, and for now am stacked on getting a Sprite rotate toward target (vector2) and then move forward based on that rotation the code am using is this : // set angle public void lookAt(Vector2 target) { float angle = (float) Math.atan2(target.y - this.position.y, target.x - this.position.x); angle = (float) (angle * (180 / Math.PI)); setAngle(angle); } // move forward public void moveForward() { this.position.x += Math.cos(getAngle())*this.speed; this.position.y += Math.sin(getAngle())*this.speed; } and this is my render method : @Override public void render(float delta) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0, 0, 0.0f, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); // groupUpdate(); Vector3 mousePos = new Vector3(Gdx.input.getX(), Gdx.input.getY(), 0); camera.unproject(mousePos); ball.lookAt(new Vector2(mousePos.x, mousePos.y)); // if (Gdx.input.isTouched()) { ball.moveForward(); } batch.begin(); batch.draw(ball.getSprite(), ball.getPos().x, ball.getPos().y, ball .getSprite().getOriginX(), ball.getSprite().getOriginY(), ball .getSprite().getWidth(), ball.getSprite().getHeight(), .5f, .5f, ball.getAngle()); batch.end(); } the goal is to make the ball always look at the mouse cursor, and then move forward when i click, am also using this camera : // create the camera and the SpriteBatch camera = new OrthographicCamera(); camera.setToOrtho(false, 800, 480); aaaand the result was so creepy lol Thank you

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  • How to draw a spotlight in 3D

    - by RecursiveCall
    To be clear, I am not talking about the light result (the lit area) but the spotlight itself, like this The two common suggestions that I tried are 2D image and a 3D cone. The problem with the pre-regenerated 2D image is that it always look 2D and flat no matter how it is rotated in world space. The cone on the other hand is next to impossible to control when it comes to fade distance, it doesn't look soft (smooth) and it is expensive to compute.

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  • OpenGL, objects disappear at a certain z distance

    - by smoth190
    I'm writing a managed OpenGL library in C++, and I'm having a pretty annoying problem. Whenever I set an objects position to -2.0 or lower, the object disappears. And at distances 0 through -1.9, it doesn't appear to move away from them camera. I have a world matrix (which is multiplied by the objects position to move it), a view matrix (which is just the identity matrix currently) and a projection matrix, which is setup like this: FOV: 45.0f Aspect Ratio: 1 zNear: 0.1f zFar: 100.0f using GLMs glm::perspective method. The order the matrices are multiplied by in the shader is world, view, projection, then position. I can move the object along the X and Y axis perfectly fine. I have depth testing enabled, using GL_LEQUAL. I can change the actually vertices positions to anything I want, and they move away from the camera or towards it perfectly fine. It just seems to be the world matrix acting up. I'm using glm::mat4 for the world matrix, and glm::vec3 for positions. Whats going on here? I'm also using OpenGL 3.1, GLSL version 140 (1.4?).

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  • How do professional games avoid showing pixel seams in adjacent mesh boundaries due to decimal imprecision?

    - by ufomorace
    Graphics cards are mathematically imprecise. So when some meshes are joined by their borders, the graphics card often makes mistakes and decides that some pixels at the seam represent neither object, and unwanted pixels appear. It's a natural behaviour on all graphics cards. How are such worries avoided in Pro Games? Batching? Shaders? Different tangent vectors? Merging? Overlaping seams? Dark backgrounds? Extra vertices at borders? Z precision? Camera distance tweaks? Screencap of a fix that ended up not working:

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  • How to attach an object to a rotating circle in box2d cocos2d?

    - by armands
    I am trying to make an object get attached on a collision point to a circle that is rotating, but the player needs to get attached with a constant point on the player. For example the player is moving back and forth and when the user touches the screen and the player jumps up but what I need is that when the player collides with the circle it attaches it's legs to it and continues rotating with the circle. So I wanted to know how to make this kind of collision joint in cocos2d box2d?

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  • Do I need a Point and a Vector object? Or just using a Vector object to represent a Point is ok?

    - by JCM
    Structuring the components of an engine that I am developing along with a friend (learning purposes), I came to this doubt. Initially we had a Point constructor, like the following: var Point = function( x, y ) { this.x = x; this.y = y; }; But them we started to add some Vector math to it, and them decided to rename it to Vector2d. But now, some methods are a bit confusing (at least in my opinion), such as the following, which is used to make a line: //before the renaming of Point to Vector2, the parameters were startingPoint and endingPoint Geometry.Line = function( startingVector, endingVector ) { //... }; I should make a specific constructor for the Point object, or there are no problems in defining a point as a vector? I know a vector have magnitude and direction, but I see so many people using a vector to just represent the position of an object.

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  • Problem playing repeat animation/action?

    - by Beast
    I'm calling this function on multiple sprites after checking numberOfRunningActions()"to play same animation but it's not working only the first tagged sprite plays the animation. What am I doing wrong? void CGame::playAnimation(const char* filename, int tag, CCLayer* target) { CCAnimation* animation = CCAnimation::animation(); CCSprite* spriteSheet = CCSprite::spriteWithFile(filename); for(int i = 0; i < spriteSheet->getTexture()->getPixelsWide()/SIZE; i++) // SIZE is an int value { animation->addFrameWithTexture(spriteSheet->getTexture(), CCRect(SIZE * i, 0, SIZE, SIZE)); } CCActionInterval* action = CCAnimate::actionWithDuration(1, animation, true); CCRepeatForever* repeatAction = CCRepeatForever::actionWithAction(action); target->getChildByTag(tag)->runAction(repeatAction); }

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  • Error when updating enumerated value?

    - by igrad
    Once upon a time, there was a Player class (simplified version) enum animState{RUNNING,JUMPING,FALLING,IDLING}; class Player { public: Player(int x, int y); void handle(); void show(); ~Player(); private: int m_x; int m_y; animState playerAnimState; } There was also a "handle" function-member, which took care of all movement and collisions for the player: #include "player.h" void Player::handle() { if(/*Player presses 'D' key*/) { m_x++; playerAnimState = RUNNING; } //Other stuff that is just there to look nice Through lots of experimentation with "//" and "/**/", I've found that I consistently get an error at "playerAnimState = RUNNING." Have I broken some enumeration rule? Does my laptop really suck that bad? I hate to post a "fix my code for me" question, but I'm not very seasoned with enums.

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  • Managing different utility classes between engine and libraries

    - by hayer
    I'm currently in updating some engine code (which does not work, so it is more like creating a engine). I've decided to swap over to SFML (instead of my own crappy renderer, window manager, and audio), Box2D (since I need physics, but have none), and some small utilities I've built myself. The problem is that each of the project mentioned over use different types for things like Vector2, etc. So to the question: is it a good idea to replace Box2D and SFML vectors with my own vector class (which is one of my better implementations)? My idea then was to have a separate .lib with all my classes that should be shared between all the projects in the solution.

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  • Common light map practices

    - by M. Utku ALTINKAYA
    My scene consists of individual meshes. At the moment each mesh has its associated light map texture, I was able to implement the light mapping using these many small textures. 1) Of course, I want to create an atlas, but how do you split atlases to pages, I mean do you group the lm's of objects that are close to each other, and load light maps on the fly if scene is expected to be big. 2) the 3d authoring software provides automatic uv coordinates for each mesh in the scene, but there are empty areas in the texel space, so if I scale the texture polygons the texel density of each face wil not match other meshes, if I create atlas like that there will be varying lm resolution, how do you solve this, just leave it as it is, or ignore resolution ? Actually these questions also applies to other non tiled maps.

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  • Application window as polygon texture?

    - by nekome
    Is there a way, or method, to have some application rendered as texture in 3D scene on some polygon, and also have full interactivity with it? I'm talking about Windows platform, and maybe OpenGL but I guess it doesn't matter is it OGL or DX. For example: I run Calculator using WINAPI functions (preferably hidden, not showing on desktop) and I want to render it inside 3D scene on some polygon but still be able to type or click buttons and have it respond. My idea to realize this is to have WINAPI take screenshot (or render it to memory if possible) of that Calculator and pass it to OpenGL as texture for each frame (I'm experimenting with SDL through pygame) and for mouse interactivity to use coordination translation and calculate where on application window it would act, and then use WINAPI functions such as SetCursorPos to set cursor ant others to simulate click or something else. I haven't found any tutorials with topic similar to this one. Am I on a right track? Is there better way to do this if possible at all?

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  • UnityEngine.Vector2 does not contian a definition for "Set".... using futile

    - by FreshJays
    I am a bit lost, I am using futile and I am just trying to run the demo. But I keep getting UnityEngine.Vector2 does not contian a definition for "Set" in just one class, my using statments are: using System; using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; When I look at the documents, I see that Set is a function http://docs.unity3d.com/Documentation/ScriptReference/Vector2.html I am using version 3.4.2 (in futile its happening in just the FAtlas class)

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  • How to build a "traffic AI"?

    - by Lunikon
    A project I am working on right now features a lot of "traffic" in the sense of cars moving along roads, aircraft moving aroun an apron etc. As of now the available paths are precalculated, so nodes are generated automatically for crossings which themselves are interconnected by edges. When a character/agent spawns into the world it starts at some node and finds a path to a target node by means of a simply A* algorithm. The agent follows the path and ultimately reaches its destination. No problem so far. Now I need to enable the agents to avoid collisions and to handle complex traffic situations. Since I'm new to the field of AI I looked up several papers/articles on steering behavior but found them to be too low-level. My problem consists less of the actual collision avoidance (which is rather simple in this case because the agents follow strictly defined paths) but of situations like one agent leaving a dead-end while another one wants to enter exactly the same one. Or two agents meeting at a bottleneck which only allows one agent to pass at a time but both need to pass it (according to the optimal route found before) and they need to find a way to let the other one pass first. So basically the main aspect of the problem would be predicting traffic movement to avoid dead-locks. Difficult to describe, but I guess you get what I mean. Do you have any recommendations for me on where to start looking? Any papers, sample projects or similar things that could get me started? I appreciate your help!

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  • Rotate triangle so that its tip points in the direction of the point on the screen that we last touched

    - by Sid
    OpenGL ES - Android. Hello all, I am unable to rotate the triangle accordingly in such a way that its tip always points to my finger. What i did : Constructed a triangle in by GL.GL_TRIANGLES. Added touch events to it. I can rotate the triangle along my Z-axis successfully. Even made the vector class for it. What i need : Each time when I touch the screen, I want to rotate the triangle to face the touch point. Need some help. Here's what i implemented. I wonder that where i am going wrong? My code : public class Graphic2DTriangle { private FloatBuffer vertexBuffer; private ByteBuffer indexBuffer; private float[] vertices = { -1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f }; private byte[] indices = { 0, 1, 2 }; public Graphic2DTriangle() { ByteBuffer vbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertices.length * 4); vbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); // Use native byte order vertexBuffer = vbb.asFloatBuffer(); // Convert byte buffer to float vertexBuffer.put(vertices); // Copy data into buffer vertexBuffer.position(0); // Rewind // Setup index-array buffer. Indices in byte. indexBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(indices.length); indexBuffer.put(indices); indexBuffer.position(0); } public void draw(GL10 gl) { gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, vertexBuffer); gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLES, indices.length, GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indexBuffer); gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); } } My SurfaceView class where i've done some Touch Events. public class BallThrowGLSurfaceView extends GLSurfaceView{ MySquareRender _renderObj; View _viewObj; float oldX,oldY,dX,dY; final float TOUCH_SCALE_FACTOR = 0.6f; Vector2 touchPos = new Vector2(); float angle=0; public BallThrowGLSurfaceView(Context context) { super(context); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub _renderObj = new MySquareRender(context); this.setRenderer(_renderObj); this.setRenderMode(RENDERMODE_WHEN_DIRTY); } @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub touchPos.x = event.getX(); touchPos.y = event.getY(); Log.i("Co-ord", touchPos.x+"hh"+touchPos.y); switch(event.getAction()){ case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE : dX = touchPos.x - oldX; dY = touchPos.y - oldY; if(touchPos.y > getHeight()/2){ dX = dX*-1; } if(touchPos.x < getWidth()/2){ dY = dY*-1; } _renderObj.mAngle += (dX+dY) * TOUCH_SCALE_FACTOR; requestRender(); Log.i("AngleCo-ord", _renderObj.mAngle +"hh"); } oldX = touchPos.x; oldY = touchPos.y; Log.i("OldCo-ord", oldX+" hh "+oldY); return true; } } Last but not the least. My vector2 class. public class Vector2 { public static float TO_RADIANS = (1 / 180.0f) * (float) Math.PI; public static float TO_DEGREES = (1 / (float) Math.PI) * 180; public float x, y; public Vector2() { } public Vector2(float x, float y) { this.x = x; this.y = y; } public Vector2(Vector2 other) { this.x = other.x; this.y = other.y; } public Vector2 cpy() { return new Vector2(x, y); } public Vector2 set(float x, float y) { this.x = x; this.y = y; return this; } public Vector2 set(Vector2 other) { this.x = other.x; this.y = other.y; return this; } public Vector2 add(float x, float y) { this.x += x; this.y += y; return this; } public Vector2 add(Vector2 other) { this.x += other.x; this.y += other.y; return this; } public Vector2 sub(float x, float y) { this.x -= x; this.y -= y; return this; } public Vector2 sub(Vector2 other) { this.x -= other.x; this.y -= other.y; return this; } public Vector2 mul(float scalar) { this.x *= scalar; this.y *= scalar; return this; } public float len() { return FloatMath.sqrt(x * x + y * y); } public Vector2 nor() { float len = len(); if (len != 0) { this.x /= len; this.y /= len; } return this; } public float angle() { float angle = (float) Math.atan2(y, x) * TO_DEGREES; if (angle < 0) angle += 360; return angle; } public Vector2 rotate(float angle) { float rad = angle * TO_RADIANS; float cos = FloatMath.cos(rad); float sin = FloatMath.sin(rad); float newX = this.x * cos - this.y * sin; float newY = this.x * sin + this.y * cos; this.x = newX; this.y = newY; return this; } public float dist(Vector2 other) { float distX = this.x - other.x; float distY = this.y - other.y; return FloatMath.sqrt(distX * distX + distY * distY); } public float dist(float x, float y) { float distX = this.x - x; float distY = this.y - y; return FloatMath.sqrt(distX * distX + distY * distY); } public float distSquared(Vector2 other) { float distX = this.x - other.x; float distY = this.y - other.y; return distX * distX + distY * distY; } public float distSquared(float x, float y) { float distX = this.x - x; float distY = this.y - y; return distX * distX + distY * distY; } } PS : i am able to handle the touch events. I can rotate the triangle with the touch of my finger. But i want that ONE VERTEX of the triangle should point at my finger position respective of the position of my finger.

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  • How to properly code in Unity? [on hold]

    - by Vincent B.
    I'm fairly new to Unity (yet I touched it and made a few proto with it) and I'd like to know how I'm supposed to work with it. I'm student in programming so I'm used to C/C++ with SDL/SFML, writing code and only using Input/Graphics/Network libs. I followed a few Unity guides and it was way more around drag & drop on scenes and a bit of scripting to activate it all, which disturbed me. So I fond a way to only use one GameObject and use a Singleton to launch code and display stuff (for 2d games at least). At the end of the day I make games not using "Instantiate" or such at all. Is it the right way ? Am I supposed to do this ? How much are your scenes populated (in a professional environment) ? When should I stop coding and start using the editor ?

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  • Is it safe to run multiple XNA ContentManager instances on multiple threads?

    - by Boinst
    My XNA project currently uses one ContentManager instance, and one dedicated background thread for loading all content. I wonder, would it be safe to have multiple ContentManager instances, each in it's own dedicated thread, loading different content at the same time? I'm prompted to ask this question because this article makes the following statement: If there are two textures created at the same time on different threads, they will clobber the other and you will end up with some garbage in the textures. I think that what the author is saying here, is that if I access one ContentManager simultaneously on two threads, I'll get garbage. But what if I have separate ContentManager instances for each thread? If no-one knows the answer already from experience, I'll go ahead and try it and see what happens.

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