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• Quantal: Broken apt-index, cant fix dependencies

  - by arcyqwerty

  I can't seem to add/remove/update packages Ubuntu software update has a notice about partial upgrades but fails Seems to be similar to this problem $ sudo apt-get update Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com quantal InRelease Ign http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security InRelease Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise InRelease Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com precise InRelease Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates InRelease Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports InRelease Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Ign http://archive.canonical.com precise InRelease Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise InRelease Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com quantal Release.gpg Get:1 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security Release.gpg [198 B] Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com precise Release.gpg Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise Release.gpg [198 B] Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates Release.gpg [198 B] Hit http://archive.canonical.com precise Release.gpg Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com quantal Release Get:4 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security Release [49.6 kB] Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports Release.gpg [198 B] Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise Release [49.6 kB] Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com precise Release Hit http://archive.canonical.com precise Release Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com quantal/main amd64 Packages Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main Sources Hit http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner Sources Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates Release [49.6 kB] Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main amd64 Packages Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main i386 Packages Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com quantal/main i386 Packages Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com quantal/main Translation-en Hit http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner amd64 Packages Hit http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner i386 Packages Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Sources Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main amd64 Packages Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main i386 Packages Get:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports Release [49.6 kB] Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Sources Get:9 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/main Sources [22.5 kB] Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main amd64 Packages Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main i386 Packages Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Sources Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main amd64 Packages Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main i386 Packages Get:10 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/main Sources [934 kB] Get:11 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/restricted Sources [14 B] Get:12 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe Sources [7,832 B] Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com quantal/main Translation-en_US Get:13 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/multiverse Sources [713 B] Get:14 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/main amd64 Packages [67.8 kB] Ign http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner Translation-en_US Get:15 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/restricted amd64 Packages [14 B] Get:16 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe amd64 Packages [18.8 kB] Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main Translation-en_US Ign http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner Translation-en Get:17 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/multiverse amd64 Packages [1,155 B] Get:18 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/main i386 Packages [70.2 kB] Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en_US Get:19 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/restricted i386 Packages [14 B] Get:20 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe i386 Packages [19.0 kB] Get:21 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/multiverse i386 Packages [1,394 B] Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/main Translation-en Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/multiverse Translation-en Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/restricted Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe Translation-en Ign http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/main Translation-en_US Ign http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/multiverse Translation-en_US Ign http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/restricted Translation-en_US Ign http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe Translation-en_US Get:22 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted Sources [5,470 B] Get:23 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe Sources [5,019 kB] Get:24 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse Sources [155 kB] Get:25 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/main amd64 Packages [1,273 kB] Get:26 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted amd64 Packages [8,452 B] Get:27 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe amd64 Packages [4,786 kB] Get:28 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse amd64 Packages [119 kB] Get:29 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/main i386 Packages [1,274 kB] Get:30 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted i386 Packages [8,431 B] Get:31 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe i386 Packages [4,796 kB] Get:32 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse i386 Packages [121 kB] Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/main Translation-en Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse Translation-en Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted Translation-en Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe Translation-en Get:33 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main Sources [124 kB] Get:34 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted Sources [1,379 B] Get:35 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe Sources [30.9 kB] Get:36 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse Sources [1,058 B] Get:37 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main amd64 Packages [311 kB] Get:38 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [2,417 B] Get:39 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe amd64 Packages [85.4 kB] Get:40 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [1,829 B] Get:41 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main i386 Packages [314 kB] Get:42 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted i386 Packages [2,439 B] Get:43 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe i386 Packages [85.9 kB] Get:44 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse i386 Packages [2,047 B] Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main Translation-en Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse Translation-en Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted Translation-en Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe Translation-en Get:45 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/main Sources [1,845 B] Get:46 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/restricted Sources [14 B] Get:47 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe Sources [11.1 kB] Get:48 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/multiverse Sources [1,383 B] Get:49 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/main amd64 Packages [1,271 B] Get:50 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/restricted amd64 Packages [14 B] Get:51 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe amd64 Packages [9,701 B] Get:52 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/multiverse amd64 Packages [996 B] Get:53 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/main i386 Packages [1,271 B] Get:54 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/restricted i386 Packages [14 B] Get:55 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe i386 Packages [9,703 B] Get:56 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/multiverse i386 Packages [999 B] Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/main Translation-en Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/multiverse Translation-en Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/restricted Translation-en Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe Translation-en Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/main Translation-en_US Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse Translation-en_US Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted Translation-en_US Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe Translation-en_US Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main Translation-en_US Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse Translation-en_US Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted Translation-en_US Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe Translation-en_US Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/main Translation-en_US Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/multiverse Translation-en_US Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/restricted Translation-en_US Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe Translation-en_US Fetched 19.9 MB in 34s (571 kB/s) Reading package lists... Done $ sudo apt-get upgrade Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these. The following packages have unmet dependencies: netbase : Breaks: ifupdown (< 0.7) Breaks: ifupdown:i386 (< 0.7) E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f. $ sudo apt-get -f install Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Correcting dependencies... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: dh-apparmor html2text libmail-sendmail-perl libsys-hostname-long-perl Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them. The following extra packages will be installed: ifupdown Suggested packages: rdnssd The following packages will be upgraded: ifupdown 1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1179 not upgraded. 85 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 0 B/54.1 kB of archives. After this operation, 19.5 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? (Reading database ... 222498 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to replace ifupdown 0.7~beta2ubuntu8 (using .../ifupdown_0.7.1ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ... Unpacking replacement ifupdown ... dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/ifupdown_0.7.1ubuntu1_amd64.deb (--unpack): trying to overwrite '/etc/init.d/networking', which is also in package netbase 5.0ubuntu1 Processing triggers for man-db ... Processing triggers for ureadahead ... Errors were encountered while processing: /var/cache/apt/archives/ifupdown_0.7.1ubuntu1_amd64.deb E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) cat /etc/apt/sources.list # deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 12.04 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20120425)]/ dists/precise/main/binary-i386/ # deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 12.04 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20120425)]/ dists/precise/restricted/binary-i386/ # deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 12.04 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20120425)]/ precise main restricted # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to # newer versions of the distribution. deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the ## distribution. deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team. deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise universe deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise universe deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu ## security team. deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise multiverse deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise multiverse deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features. ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team. deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's ## 'partner' repository. ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users. deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party ## developers who want to ship their latest software. deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal main

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• kernel module compiling error

  - by wati

  sh@ubuntu:/home/ccpp/helloworld$ make gcc-4.6 -O2 -DMODULE -D_KERNEL_ -W -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -isystem /lib/modules/`uname -r`/build/include -c -o hello-1.o hello-1.c hello-1.c:4:0: warning: "MODULE" redefined [enabled by default] <command-line>:0:0: note: this is the location of the previous definition hello-1.c:6:0: warning: "_KERNEL_" redefined [enabled by default] <command-line>:0:0: note: this is the location of the previous definition In file included from /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:4:0, from /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/module.h:9, from hello-1.c:7: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/types.h:13:2: warning: #warning "Attempt to use kernel headers from user space, see http://kernelnewbies.org/KernelHeaders" [-Wcpp] In file included from /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/module.h:9:0, from hello-1.c:7: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘INIT_LIST_HEAD’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:26:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:27:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘__list_add’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:41:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:42:5: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:43:5: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:44:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_add’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:62:28: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_add_tail’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:76:22: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘__list_del’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:88:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:89:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘__list_del_entry’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:101:18: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:101:31: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_del’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:106:18: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:106:31: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:107:7: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:108:7: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_replace’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:125:5: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:125:17: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:126:5: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:127:5: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:127:17: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:128:5: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_is_last’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:179:13: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_empty’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:188:13: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_empty_careful’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:206:31: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:207:40: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_rotate_left’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:219:15: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_is_singular’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:230:35: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:230:49: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘__list_cut_position’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:236:37: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:237:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:237:19: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:238:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:239:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:240:7: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:241:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:242:11: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_cut_position’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:265:8: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘__list_splice’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:277:32: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:278:31: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:280:7: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:281:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:283:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:284:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_splice’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:296:33: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_splice_tail’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:308:27: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_splice_init’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:322:33: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_splice_tail_init’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:339:27: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘INIT_HLIST_NODE’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:572:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:573:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘hlist_unhashed’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:578:11: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘hlist_empty’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:583:11: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘__hlist_del’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:588:29: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:589:31: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:592:7: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘hlist_del’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:598:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:599:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘hlist_add_head’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:612:30: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:613:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:615:8: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:615:20: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:616:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:617:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:617:15: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘hlist_add_before’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:624:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:624:17: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:625:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:626:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:626:18: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:627:5: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘hlist_add_after’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:633:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:633:16: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:634:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:635:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:635:18: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:637:9: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:638:7: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:638:29: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘hlist_add_fake’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:644:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:644:15: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘hlist_move_list’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:654:5: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:654:18: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:655:9: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:656:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:656:27: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:657:5: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type In file included from /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/module.h:12:0, from hello-1.c:7: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/cache.h: At top level: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/cache.h:5:23: fatal error: asm/cache.h: No such file or directory compilation terminated. make: *** [hello-1.o] Error 1 i got this error after compiling an helloworld program my program is #define MODULE #define LINUX #define _KERNEL_ #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> int init_module(void) { printk("<1>hello World 1.\n"); return 0; } void cleanup_module(void) { printk(KERN_ALERT "goodbye world 1.\n"); } MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); my make file is: TARGET := hello-1 WARN := -W -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes INCLUDE := -isystem /lib/modules/`uname -r`/build/include CFLAGS := -O2 -DMODULE -D_KERNEL_ ${WARN} ${INCLUDE} CC := gcc-4.6 ${TARGET}.o: ${TARGET}.c .PHONY: clean clean: rm -rf ${TARGET}.o iam usin kernel 3.2.0.25 as novice i can't able to figure out where the problem is I SEARCHED EVERY THING I CAN TO KNOW ABOUT THIS ERROR BUT I CANT UNDERSTAND &I GET IRRELEVANT DOCS anybody help me please

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• Using LINQ Distinct: With an Example on ASP.NET MVC SelectListItem

  - by Joe Mayo

  One of the things that might be surprising in the LINQ Distinct standard query operator is that it doesn’t automatically work properly on custom classes. There are reasons for this, which I’ll explain shortly. The example I’ll use in this post focuses on pulling a unique list of names to load into a drop-down list. I’ll explain the sample application, show you typical first shot at Distinct, explain why it won’t work as you expect, and then demonstrate a solution to make Distinct work with any custom class. The technologies I’m using are  LINQ to Twitter, LINQ to Objects, Telerik Extensions for ASP.NET MVC, ASP.NET MVC 2, and Visual Studio 2010. The function of the example program is to show a list of people that I follow.  In Twitter API vernacular, these people are called “Friends”; though I’ve never met most of them in real life. This is part of the ubiquitous language of social networking, and Twitter in particular, so you’ll see my objects named accordingly. Where Distinct comes into play is because I want to have a drop-down list with the names of the friends appearing in the list. Some friends are quite verbose, which means I can’t just extract names from each tweet and populate the drop-down; otherwise, I would end up with many duplicate names. Therefore, Distinct is the appropriate operator to eliminate the extra entries from my friends who tend to be enthusiastic tweeters. The sample doesn’t do anything with the drop-down list and I leave that up to imagination for what it’s practical purpose could be; perhaps a filter for the list if I only want to see a certain person’s tweets or maybe a quick list that I plan to combine with a TextBox and Button to reply to a friend. When the program runs, you’ll need to authenticate with Twitter, because I’m using OAuth (DotNetOpenAuth), for authentication, and then you’ll see the drop-down list of names above the grid with the most recent tweets from friends. Here’s what the application looks like when it runs: As you can see, there is a drop-down list above the grid. The drop-down list is where most of the focus of this article will be. There is some description of the code before we talk about the Distinct operator, but we’ll get there soon. This is an ASP.NET MVC2 application, written with VS 2010. Here’s the View that produces this screen: <%@ Page Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<TwitterFriendsViewModel>" %> <%@ Import Namespace="DistinctSelectList.Models" %> <asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="TitleContent" runat="server">     Home Page </asp:Content><asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat="server">     <fieldset>         <legend>Twitter Friends</legend>         <div>             <%= Html.DropDownListFor(                     twendVM => twendVM.FriendNames,                     Model.FriendNames,                     "<All Friends>") %>         </div>         <div>             <% Html.Telerik().Grid<TweetViewModel>(Model.Tweets)                    .Name("TwitterFriendsGrid")                    .Columns(cols =>                     {                         cols.Template(col =>                             { %>                                 <img src="<%= col.ImageUrl %>"                                      alt="<%= col.ScreenName %>" />                         <% });                         cols.Bound(col => col.ScreenName);                         cols.Bound(col => col.Tweet);                     })                    .Render(); %>         </div>     </fieldset> </asp:Content> As shown above, the Grid is from Telerik’s Extensions for ASP.NET MVC. The first column is a template that renders the user’s Avatar from a URL provided by the Twitter query. Both the Grid and DropDownListFor display properties that are collections from a TwitterFriendsViewModel class, shown below: using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Mvc; namespace DistinctSelectList.Models { /// /// For finding friend info on screen /// public class TwitterFriendsViewModel { /// /// Display names of friends in drop-down list /// public List FriendNames { get; set; } /// /// Display tweets in grid /// public List Tweets { get; set; } } } I created the TwitterFreindsViewModel. The two Lists are what the View consumes to populate the DropDownListFor and Grid. Notice that FriendNames is a List of SelectListItem, which is an MVC class. Another custom class I created is the TweetViewModel (the type of the Tweets List), shown below: namespace DistinctSelectList.Models { /// /// Info on friend tweets /// public class TweetViewModel { /// /// User's avatar /// public string ImageUrl { get; set; } /// /// User's Twitter name /// public string ScreenName { get; set; } /// /// Text containing user's tweet /// public string Tweet { get; set; } } } The initial Twitter query returns much more information than we need for our purposes and this a special class for displaying info in the View.  Now you know about the View and how it’s constructed. Let’s look at the controller next. The controller for this demo performs authentication, data retrieval, data manipulation, and view selection. I’ll skip the description of the authentication because it’s a normal part of using OAuth with LINQ to Twitter. Instead, we’ll drill down and focus on the Distinct operator. However, I’ll show you the entire controller, below,  so that you can see how it all fits together: using System.Linq; using System.Web.Mvc; using DistinctSelectList.Models; using LinqToTwitter; namespace DistinctSelectList.Controllers { [HandleError] public class HomeController : Controller { private MvcOAuthAuthorization auth; private TwitterContext twitterCtx; /// /// Display a list of friends current tweets /// /// public ActionResult Index() { auth = new MvcOAuthAuthorization(InMemoryTokenManager.Instance, InMemoryTokenManager.AccessToken); string accessToken = auth.CompleteAuthorize(); if (accessToken != null) { InMemoryTokenManager.AccessToken = accessToken; } if (auth.CachedCredentialsAvailable) { auth.SignOn(); } else { return auth.BeginAuthorize(); } twitterCtx = new TwitterContext(auth); var friendTweets = (from tweet in twitterCtx.Status where tweet.Type == StatusType.Friends select new TweetViewModel { ImageUrl = tweet.User.ProfileImageUrl, ScreenName = tweet.User.Identifier.ScreenName, Tweet = tweet.Text }) .ToList(); var friendNames = (from tweet in friendTweets select new SelectListItem { Text = tweet.ScreenName, Value = tweet.ScreenName }) .Distinct() .ToList(); var twendsVM = new TwitterFriendsViewModel { Tweets = friendTweets, FriendNames = friendNames }; return View(twendsVM); } public ActionResult About() { return View(); } } } The important part of the listing above are the LINQ to Twitter queries for friendTweets and friendNames. Both of these results are used in the subsequent population of the twendsVM instance that is passed to the view. Let’s dissect these two statements for clarification and focus on what is happening with Distinct. The query for friendTweets gets a list of the 20 most recent tweets (as specified by the Twitter API for friend queries) and performs a projection into the custom TweetViewModel class, repeated below for your convenience: var friendTweets = (from tweet in twitterCtx.Status where tweet.Type == StatusType.Friends select new TweetViewModel { ImageUrl = tweet.User.ProfileImageUrl, ScreenName = tweet.User.Identifier.ScreenName, Tweet = tweet.Text }) .ToList(); The LINQ to Twitter query above simplifies what we need to work with in the View and the reduces the amount of information we have to look at in subsequent queries. Given the friendTweets above, the next query performs another projection into an MVC SelectListItem, which is required for binding to the DropDownList.  This brings us to the focus of this blog post, writing a correct query that uses the Distinct operator. The query below uses LINQ to Objects, querying the friendTweets collection to get friendNames: var friendNames = (from tweet in friendTweets select new SelectListItem { Text = tweet.ScreenName, Value = tweet.ScreenName }) .Distinct() .ToList(); The above implementation of Distinct seems normal, but it is deceptively incorrect. After running the query above, by executing the application, you’ll notice that the drop-down list contains many duplicates.  This will send you back to the code scratching your head, but there’s a reason why this happens. To understand the problem, we must examine how Distinct works in LINQ to Objects. Distinct has two overloads: one without parameters, as shown above, and another that takes a parameter of type IEqualityComparer<T>.  In the case above, no parameters, Distinct will call EqualityComparer<T>.Default behind the scenes to make comparisons as it iterates through the list. You don’t have problems with the built-in types, such as string, int, DateTime, etc, because they all implement IEquatable<T>. However, many .NET Framework classes, such as SelectListItem, don’t implement IEquatable<T>. So, what happens is that EqualityComparer<T>.Default results in a call to Object.Equals, which performs reference equality on reference type objects.  You don’t have this problem with value types because the default implementation of Object.Equals is bitwise equality. However, most of your projections that use Distinct are on classes, just like the SelectListItem used in this demo application. So, the reason why Distinct didn’t produce the results we wanted was because we used a type that doesn’t define its own equality and Distinct used the default reference equality. This resulted in all objects being included in the results because they are all separate instances in memory with unique references. As you might have guessed, the solution to the problem is to use the second overload of Distinct that accepts an IEqualityComparer<T> instance. If you were projecting into your own custom type, you could make that type implement IEqualityComparer<T>, but SelectListItem belongs to the .NET Framework Class Library.  Therefore, the solution is to create a custom type to implement IEqualityComparer<T>, as in the SelectListItemComparer class, shown below: using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Mvc; namespace DistinctSelectList.Models { public class SelectListItemComparer : EqualityComparer { public override bool Equals(SelectListItem x, SelectListItem y) { return x.Value.Equals(y.Value); } public override int GetHashCode(SelectListItem obj) { return obj.Value.GetHashCode(); } } } The SelectListItemComparer class above doesn’t implement IEqualityComparer<SelectListItem>, but rather derives from EqualityComparer<SelectListItem>. Microsoft recommends this approach for consistency with the behavior of generic collection classes. However, if your custom type already derives from a base class, go ahead and implement IEqualityComparer<T>, which will still work. EqualityComparer is an abstract class, that implements IEqualityComparer<T> with Equals and GetHashCode abstract methods. For the purposes of this application, the SelectListItem.Value property is sufficient to determine if two items are equal.   Since SelectListItem.Value is type string, the code delegates equality to the string class. The code also delegates the GetHashCode operation to the string class.You might have other criteria in your own object and would need to define what it means for your object to be equal. Now that we have an IEqualityComparer<SelectListItem>, let’s fix the problem. The code below modifies the query where we want distinct values: var friendNames = (from tweet in friendTweets select new SelectListItem { Text = tweet.ScreenName, Value = tweet.ScreenName }) .Distinct(new SelectListItemComparer()) .ToList(); Notice how the code above passes a new instance of SelectListItemComparer as the parameter to the Distinct operator. Now, when you run the application, the drop-down list will behave as you expect, showing only a unique set of names. In addition to Distinct, other LINQ Standard Query Operators have overloads that accept IEqualityComparer<T>’s, You can use the same techniques as shown here, with SelectListItemComparer, with those other operators as well. Now you know how to resolve problems with getting Distinct to work properly and also have a way to fix problems with other operators that require equality comparisons. @JoeMayo

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• Parallelism in .NET – Part 3, Imperative Data Parallelism: Early Termination

  - by Reed

  Although simple data parallelism allows us to easily parallelize many of our iteration statements, there are cases that it does not handle well.  In my previous discussion, I focused on data parallelism with no shared state, and where every element is being processed exactly the same. Unfortunately, there are many common cases where this does not happen.  If we are dealing with a loop that requires early termination, extra care is required when parallelizing. Often, while processing in a loop, once a certain condition is met, it is no longer necessary to continue processing.  This may be a matter of finding a specific element within the collection, or reaching some error case.  The important distinction here is that, it is often impossible to know until runtime, what set of elements needs to be processed. In my initial discussion of data parallelism, I mentioned that this technique is a candidate when you can decompose the problem based on the data involved, and you wish to apply a single operation concurrently on all of the elements of a collection.  This covers many of the potential cases, but sometimes, after processing some of the elements, we need to stop processing. As an example, lets go back to our previous Parallel.ForEach example with contacting a customer.  However, this time, we’ll change the requirements slightly.  In this case, we’ll add an extra condition – if the store is unable to email the customer, we will exit gracefully.  The thinking here, of course, is that if the store is currently unable to email, the next time this operation runs, it will handle the same situation, so we can just skip our processing entirely.  The original, serial case, with this extra condition, might look something like the following: foreach(var customer in customers) { // Run some process that takes some time... DateTime lastContact = theStore.GetLastContact(customer); TimeSpan timeSinceContact = DateTime.Now - lastContact; // If it's been more than two weeks, send an email, and update... if (timeSinceContact.Days > 14) { // Exit gracefully if we fail to email, since this // entire process can be repeated later without issue. if (theStore.EmailCustomer(customer) == false) break; customer.LastEmailContact = DateTime.Now; } } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } Here, we’re processing our loop, but at any point, if we fail to send our email successfully, we just abandon this process, and assume that it will get handled correctly the next time our routine is run.  If we try to parallelize this using Parallel.ForEach, as we did previously, we’ll run into an error almost immediately: the break statement we’re using is only valid when enclosed within an iteration statement, such as foreach.  When we switch to Parallel.ForEach, we’re no longer within an iteration statement – we’re a delegate running in a method. This needs to be handled slightly differently when parallelized.  Instead of using the break statement, we need to utilize a new class in the Task Parallel Library: ParallelLoopState.  The ParallelLoopState class is intended to allow concurrently running loop bodies a way to interact with each other, and provides us with a way to break out of a loop.  In order to use this, we will use a different overload of Parallel.ForEach which takes an IEnumerable<T> and an Action<T, ParallelLoopState> instead of an Action<T>.  Using this, we can parallelize the above operation by doing: Parallel.ForEach(customers, (customer, parallelLoopState) => { // Run some process that takes some time... DateTime lastContact = theStore.GetLastContact(customer); TimeSpan timeSinceContact = DateTime.Now - lastContact; // If it's been more than two weeks, send an email, and update... if (timeSinceContact.Days > 14) { // Exit gracefully if we fail to email, since this // entire process can be repeated later without issue. if (theStore.EmailCustomer(customer) == false) parallelLoopState.Break(); else customer.LastEmailContact = DateTime.Now; } }); There are a couple of important points here.  First, we didn’t actually instantiate the ParallelLoopState instance.  It was provided directly to us via the Parallel class.  All we needed to do was change our lambda expression to reflect that we want to use the loop state, and the Parallel class creates an instance for our use.  We also needed to change our logic slightly when we call Break().  Since Break() doesn’t stop the program flow within our block, we needed to add an else case to only set the property in customer when we succeeded.  This same technique can be used to break out of a Parallel.For loop. That being said, there is a huge difference between using ParallelLoopState to cause early termination and to use break in a standard iteration statement.  When dealing with a loop serially, break will immediately terminate the processing within the closest enclosing loop statement.  Calling ParallelLoopState.Break(), however, has a very different behavior. The issue is that, now, we’re no longer processing one element at a time.  If we break in one of our threads, there are other threads that will likely still be executing.  This leads to an important observation about termination of parallel code: Early termination in parallel routines is not immediate.  Code will continue to run after you request a termination. This may seem problematic at first, but it is something you just need to keep in mind while designing your routine.  ParallelLoopState.Break() should be thought of as a request.  We are telling the runtime that no elements that were in the collection past the element we’re currently processing need to be processed, and leaving it up to the runtime to decide how to handle this as gracefully as possible.  Although this may seem problematic at first, it is a good thing.  If the runtime tried to immediately stop processing, many of our elements would be partially processed.  It would be like putting a return statement in a random location throughout our loop body – which could have horrific consequences to our code’s maintainability. In order to understand and effectively write parallel routines, we, as developers, need a subtle, but profound shift in our thinking.  We can no longer think in terms of sequential processes, but rather need to think in terms of requests to the system that may be handled differently than we’d first expect.  This is more natural to developers who have dealt with asynchronous models previously, but is an important distinction when moving to concurrent programming models. As an example, I’ll discuss the Break() method.  ParallelLoopState.Break() functions in a way that may be unexpected at first.  When you call Break() from a loop body, the runtime will continue to process all elements of the collection that were found prior to the element that was being processed when the Break() method was called.  This is done to keep the behavior of the Break() method as close to the behavior of the break statement as possible. We can see the behavior in this simple code: var collection = Enumerable.Range(0, 20); var pResult = Parallel.ForEach(collection, (element, state) => { if (element > 10) { Console.WriteLine("Breaking on {0}", element); state.Break(); } Console.WriteLine(element); }); If we run this, we get a result that may seem unexpected at first: 0 2 1 5 6 3 4 10 Breaking on 11 11 Breaking on 12 12 9 Breaking on 13 13 7 8 Breaking on 15 15 What is occurring here is that we loop until we find the first element where the element is greater than 10.  In this case, this was found, the first time, when one of our threads reached element 11.  It requested that the loop stop by calling Break() at this point.  However, the loop continued processing until all of the elements less than 11 were completed, then terminated.  This means that it will guarantee that elements 9, 7, and 8 are completed before it stops processing.  You can see our other threads that were running each tried to break as well, but since Break() was called on the element with a value of 11, it decides which elements (0-10) must be processed. If this behavior is not desirable, there is another option.  Instead of calling ParallelLoopState.Break(), you can call ParallelLoopState.Stop().  The Stop() method requests that the runtime terminate as soon as possible , without guaranteeing that any other elements are processed.  Stop() will not stop the processing within an element, so elements already being processed will continue to be processed.  It will prevent new elements, even ones found earlier in the collection, from being processed.  Also, when Stop() is called, the ParallelLoopState’s IsStopped property will return true.  This lets longer running processes poll for this value, and return after performing any necessary cleanup. The basic rule of thumb for choosing between Break() and Stop() is the following. Use ParallelLoopState.Stop() when possible, since it terminates more quickly.  This is particularly useful in situations where you are searching for an element or a condition in the collection.  Once you’ve found it, you do not need to do any other processing, so Stop() is more appropriate. Use ParallelLoopState.Break() if you need to more closely match the behavior of the C# break statement. Both methods behave differently than our C# break statement.  Unfortunately, when parallelizing a routine, more thought and care needs to be put into every aspect of your routine than you may otherwise expect.  This is due to my second observation: Parallelizing a routine will almost always change its behavior. This sounds crazy at first, but it’s a concept that’s so simple its easy to forget.  We’re purposely telling the system to process more than one thing at the same time, which means that the sequence in which things get processed is no longer deterministic.  It is easy to change the behavior of your routine in very subtle ways by introducing parallelism.  Often, the changes are not avoidable, even if they don’t have any adverse side effects.  This leads to my final observation for this post: Parallelization is something that should be handled with care and forethought, added by design, and not just introduced casually.

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• Novo Suporte para Combinação e Minificação de Arquivos JavaScript e CSS (Série de posts sobre a ASP.NET 4.5)

  - by Leniel Macaferi

  Este é o sexto post de uma série de posts que estou escrevendo sobre a ASP.NET 4.5. Os próximos lançamentos do .NET e Visual Studio incluem vários novos e ótimos recursos e capacidades. Com a ASP.NET 4.5 você vai ver um monte de melhorias realmente emocionantes em formulários da Web ( Web Forms ) e MVC - assim como no núcleo da base de código da ASP.NET, no qual estas tecnologias são baseadas. O post de hoje cobre um pouco do trabalho que estamos realizando para adicionar suporte nativo para combinação e minificação de arquivos JavaScript e CSS dentro da ASP.NET - o que torna mais fácil melhorar o desempenho das aplicações. Este recurso pode ser utilizado por todas as aplicações ASP.NET, incluindo tanto a ASP.NET MVC quanto a ASP.NET Web Forms. Noções básicas sobre Combinação e Minificação Como mais e mais pessoas usando dispositivos móveis para navegar na web, está se tornando cada vez mais importante que os websites e aplicações que construímos tenham um bom desempenho neles. Todos nós já tentamos carregar sites em nossos smartphones - apenas para, eventualmente, desistirmos em meio à frustração porque os mesmos são carregados lentamente através da lenta rede celular. Se o seu site/aplicação carrega lentamente assim, você está provavelmente perdendo clientes em potencial por causa do mau desempenho/performance. Mesmo com máquinas desktop poderosas, o tempo de carregamento do seu site e o desempenho percebido podem contribuir enormemente para a percepção do cliente. A maioria dos websites hoje em dia são construídos com múltiplos arquivos de JavaScript e CSS para separar o código e para manter a base de código coesa. Embora esta seja uma boa prática do ponto de vista de codificação, muitas vezes isso leva a algumas consequências negativas no tocante ao desempenho geral do site. Vários arquivos de JavaScript e CSS requerem múltiplas solicitações HTTP provenientes do navegador - o que pode retardar o tempo de carregamento do site.  Exemplo Simples A seguir eu abri um site local no IE9 e gravei o tráfego da rede usando as ferramentas do desenvolvedor nativas do IE (IE Developer Tools) que podem ser acessadas com a tecla F12. Como mostrado abaixo, o site é composto por 5 arquivos CSS e 4 arquivos JavaScript, os quais o navegador tem que fazer o download. Cada arquivo é solicitado separadamente pelo navegador e retornado pelo servidor, e o processo pode levar uma quantidade significativa de tempo proporcional ao número de arquivos em questão. Combinação A ASP.NET está adicionando um recurso que facilita a "união" ou "combinação" de múltiplos arquivos CSS e JavaScript em menos solicitações HTTP. Isso faz com que o navegador solicite muito menos arquivos, o que por sua vez reduz o tempo que o mesmo leva para buscá-los. A seguir está uma versão atualizada do exemplo mostrado acima, que tira vantagem desta nova funcionalidade de combinação de arquivos (fazendo apenas um pedido para JavaScript e um pedido para CSS): O navegador agora tem que enviar menos solicitações ao servidor. O conteúdo dos arquivos individuais foram combinados/unidos na mesma resposta, mas o conteúdo dos arquivos permanece o mesmo - por isso o tamanho do arquivo geral é exatamente o mesmo de antes da combinação (somando o tamanho dos arquivos separados). Mas note como mesmo em uma máquina de desenvolvimento local (onde a latência da rede entre o navegador e o servidor é mínima), o ato de combinar os arquivos CSS e JavaScript ainda consegue reduzir o tempo de carregamento total da página em quase 20%. Em uma rede lenta a melhora de desempenho seria ainda maior. Minificação A próxima versão da ASP.NET também está adicionando uma nova funcionalidade que facilita reduzir ou "minificar" o tamanho do download do conteúdo. Este é um processo que remove espaços em branco, comentários e outros caracteres desnecessários dos arquivos CSS e JavaScript. O resultado é arquivos menores, que serão enviados e carregados no navegador muito mais rapidamente. O gráfico a seguir mostra o ganho de desempenho que estamos tendo quando os processos de combinação e minificação dos arquivos são usados ??em conjunto: Mesmo no meu computador de desenvolvimento local (onde a latência da rede é mínima), agora temos uma melhoria de desempenho de 40% a partir de onde originalmente começamos. Em redes lentas (e especialmente com clientes internacionais), os ganhos seriam ainda mais significativos. Usando Combinação e Minificação de Arquivos dentro da ASP.NET A próxima versão da ASP.NET torna realmente fácil tirar proveito da combinação e minificação de arquivos dentro de projetos, possibilitando ganhos de desempenho como os que foram mostrados nos cenários acima. A forma como ela faz isso, te permite evitar a execução de ferramentas personalizadas/customizadas, como parte do seu processo de construção da aplicação/website - ao invés disso, a ASP.NET adicionou suporte no tempo de execução/runtime para que você possa executar a combinação/minificação dos arquivos dinamicamente (cacheando os resultados para ter certeza de que a performance seja realmente satisfatória). Isto permite uma experiência de desenvolvimento realmente limpa e torna super fácil começar a tirar proveito destas novas funcionalidades. Vamos supor que temos um projeto simples com 4 arquivos JavaScript e 6 arquivos CSS: Combinando e Minificando os Arquivos CSS Digamos que você queira referenciar em uma página todas as folhas de estilo que estão dentro da pasta "Styles" mostrada acima. Hoje você tem que adicionar múltiplas referências para os arquivos CSS para obter todos eles - o que se traduziria em seis requisições HTTP separadas: O novo recurso de combinação/minificação agora permite que você combine e minifique todos os arquivos CSS da pasta Styles - simplesmente enviando uma solicitação de URL para a pasta (neste caso, "styles"), com um caminho adicional "/css" na URL. Por exemplo:    Isso fará com que a ASP.NET verifique o diretório, combine e minifique os arquivos CSS que estiverem dentro da pasta, e envie uma única resposta HTTP para o navegador com todo o conteúdo CSS. Você não precisa executar nenhuma ferramenta ou pré-processamento para obter esse comportamento. Isso te permite separar de maneira limpa seus estilos em arquivos CSS separados e condizentes com cada funcionalidade da aplicação mantendo uma experiência de desenvolvimento extremamente limpa - e mesmo assim você não terá um impacto negativo de desempenho no tempo de execução da aplicação. O designer do Visual Studio também vai honrar a lógica de combinação/minificação - assim você ainda terá uma experiência WYSWIYG no designer dentro VS. Combinando e Minificando os Arquivos JavaScript Como a abordagem CSS mostrada acima, se quiséssemos combinar e minificar todos os nossos arquivos de JavaScript em uma única resposta, poderíamos enviar um pedido de URL para a pasta (neste caso, "scripts"), com um caminho adicional "/js":   Isso fará com que a ASP.NET verifique o diretório, combine e minifique os arquivos com extensão .js dentro dele, e envie uma única resposta HTTP para o navegador com todo o conteúdo JavaScript. Mais uma vez - nenhuma ferramenta customizada ou etapas de construção foi necessária para obtermos esse comportamento. Este processo funciona em todos os navegadores. Ordenação dos Arquivos dentro de um Pacote Por padrão, quando os arquivos são combinados pela ASP.NET, eles são ordenados em ordem alfabética primeiramente, exatamente como eles são mostrados no Solution Explorer. Em seguida, eles são automaticamente reorganizados de modo que as bibliotecas conhecidas e suas extensões personalizadas, tais como jQuery, MooTools e Dojo sejam carregadas antes de qualquer outra coisa. Assim, a ordem padrão para a combinação dos arquivos da pasta Scripts, como a mostrada acima será: jquery-1.6.2.js jquery-ui.js jquery.tools.js a.js Por padrão, os arquivos CSS também são classificados em ordem alfabética e depois são reorganizados de forma que o arquivo reset.css e normalize.css (se eles estiverem presentes na pasta) venham sempre antes de qualquer outro arquivo. Assim, o padrão de classificação da combinação dos arquivos da pasta "Styles", como a mostrada acima será: reset.css content.css forms.css globals.css menu.css styles.css A ordenação/classificação é totalmente personalizável, e pode ser facilmente alterada para acomodar a maioria dos casos e qualquer padrão de nomenclatura que você prefira. O objetivo com a experiência pronta para uso, porém, é ter padrões inteligentes que você pode simplesmente usar e ter sucesso com os mesmos. Qualquer número de Diretórios/Subdiretórios é Suportado No exemplo acima, nós tivemos apenas uma única pasta "Scripts" e "Styles" em nossa aplicação. Isso funciona para alguns tipos de aplicação (por exemplo, aplicações com páginas simples). Muitas vezes, porém, você vai querer ter múltiplos pacotes/combinações de arquivos CSS/JS dentro de sua aplicação - por exemplo: um pacote "comum", que tem o núcleo dos arquivos JS e CSS que todas as páginas usam, e então arquivos específicos para páginas ou seções que não são utilizados globalmente. Você pode usar o suporte à combinação/minificação em qualquer número de diretórios ou subdiretórios em seu projeto - isto torna mais fácil estruturar seu código de forma a maximizar os benefícios da combinação/minificação dos arquivos. Cada diretório por padrão pode ser acessado como um pacote separado e endereçável através de uma URL.  Extensibilidade para Combinação/Minificação de Arquivos O suporte da ASP.NET para combinar e minificar é construído com extensibilidade em mente e cada parte do processo pode ser estendido ou substituído. Regras Personalizadas Além de permitir a abordagem de empacotamento - baseada em diretórios - que vem pronta para ser usada, a ASP.NET também suporta a capacidade de registrar pacotes/combinações personalizadas usando uma nova API de programação que estamos expondo.  O código a seguir demonstra como você pode registrar um "customscript" (script personalizável) usando código dentro da classe Global.asax de uma aplicação. A API permite que você adicione/remova/filtre os arquivos que farão parte do pacote de maneira muito granular:     O pacote personalizado acima pode ser referenciado em qualquer lugar dentro da aplicação usando a referência de <script> mostrada a seguir:     Processamento Personalizado Você também pode substituir os pacotes padrão CSS e JavaScript para suportar seu próprio processamento personalizado dos arquivos do pacote (por exemplo: regras personalizadas para minificação, suporte para Saas, LESS ou sintaxe CoffeeScript, etc). No exemplo mostrado a seguir, estamos indicando que queremos substituir as transformações nativas de minificação com classes MyJsTransform e MyCssTransform personalizadas. Elas são subclasses dos respectivos minificadores padrão para CSS e JavaScript, e podem adicionar funcionalidades extras:     O resultado final desta extensibilidade é que você pode se plugar dentro da lógica de combinação/minificação em um nível profundo e fazer algumas coisas muito legais com este recurso. Vídeo de 2 Minutos sobre Combinação e Minificacão de Arquivos em Ação Mads Kristensen tem um ótimo vídeo de 90 segundo (em Inglês) que demonstra a utilização do recurso de Combinação e Minificação de Arquivos. Você pode assistir o vídeo de 90 segundos aqui. Sumário O novo suporte para combinação e minificação de arquivos CSS e JavaScript dentro da próxima versão da ASP.NET tornará mais fácil a construção de aplicações web performáticas. Este recurso é realmente fácil de usar e não requer grandes mudanças no seu fluxo de trabalho de desenvolvimento existente. Ele também suporta uma rica API de extensibilidade que permite a você personalizar a lógica da maneira que você achar melhor. Você pode facilmente tirar vantagem deste novo suporte dentro de aplicações baseadas em ASP.NET MVC e ASP.NET Web Forms. Espero que ajude, Scott P.S. Além do blog, eu uso o Twitter para disponibilizar posts rápidos e para compartilhar links.Lidar com o meu Twitter é: @scottgu Texto traduzido do post original por Leniel Macaferi. google_ad_client = "pub-8849057428395760"; /* 728x90, created 2/15/09 */ google_ad_slot = "4706719075"; google_ad_width = 728; google_ad_height = 90;

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• SignalR Auto Disconnect when Page Changed in AngularJS

  - by Shaun

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/shaunxu/archive/2014/05/30/signalr-auto-disconnect-when-page-changed-in-angularjs.aspxIf we are using SignalR, the connection lifecycle was handled by itself very well. For example when we connect to SignalR service from browser through SignalR JavaScript Client the connection will be established. And if we refresh the page, close the tab or browser, or navigate to another URL then the connection will be closed automatically. This information had been well documented here. In a browser, SignalR client code that maintains a SignalR connection runs in the JavaScript context of a web page. That's why the SignalR connection has to end when you navigate from one page to another, and that's why you have multiple connections with multiple connection IDs if you connect from multiple browser windows or tabs. When the user closes a browser window or tab, or navigates to a new page or refreshes the page, the SignalR connection immediately ends because SignalR client code handles that browser event for you and calls the "Stop" method. But unfortunately this behavior doesn't work if we are using SignalR with AngularJS. AngularJS is a single page application (SPA) framework created by Google. It hijacks browser's address change event, based on the route table user defined, launch proper view and controller. Hence in AngularJS we address was changed but the web page still there. All changes of the page content are triggered by Ajax. So there's no page unload and load events. This is the reason why SignalR cannot handle disconnect correctly when works with AngularJS. If we dig into the source code of SignalR JavaScript Client source code we will find something below. It monitors the browser page "unload" and "beforeunload" event and send the "stop" message to server to terminate connection. But in AngularJS page change events were hijacked, so SignalR will not receive them and will not stop the connection. 1: // wire the stop handler for when the user leaves the page 2: _pageWindow.bind("unload", function () { 3: connection.log("Window unloading, stopping the connection."); 4:  5: connection.stop(asyncAbort); 6: }); 7:  8: if (isFirefox11OrGreater) { 9: // Firefox does not fire cross-domain XHRs in the normal unload handler on tab close. 10: // #2400 11: _pageWindow.bind("beforeunload", function () { 12: // If connection.stop() runs runs in beforeunload and fails, it will also fail 13: // in unload unless connection.stop() runs after a timeout. 14: window.setTimeout(function () { 15: connection.stop(asyncAbort); 16: }, 0); 17: }); 18: }   Problem Reproduce In the codes below I created a very simple example to demonstrate this issue. Here is the SignalR server side code. 1: public class GreetingHub : Hub 2: { 3: public override Task OnConnected() 4: { 5: Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("Connected: {0}", Context.ConnectionId)); 6: return base.OnConnected(); 7: } 8:  9: public override Task OnDisconnected() 10: { 11: Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("Disconnected: {0}", Context.ConnectionId)); 12: return base.OnDisconnected(); 13: } 14:  15: public void Hello(string user) 16: { 17: Clients.All.hello(string.Format("Hello, {0}!", user)); 18: } 19: } Below is the configuration code which hosts SignalR hub in an ASP.NET WebAPI project with IIS Express. 1: public class Startup 2: { 3: public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app) 4: { 5: app.Map("/signalr", map => 6: { 7: map.UseCors(CorsOptions.AllowAll); 8: map.RunSignalR(new HubConfiguration() 9: { 10: EnableJavaScriptProxies = false 11: }); 12: }); 13: } 14: } Since we will host AngularJS application in Node.js in another process and port, the SignalR connection will be cross domain. So I need to enable CORS above. In client side I have a Node.js file to host AngularJS application as a web server. You can use any web server you like such as IIS, Apache, etc.. Below is the "index.html" page which contains a navigation bar so that I can change the page/state. As you can see I added jQuery, AngularJS, SignalR JavaScript Client Library as well as my AngularJS entry source file "app.js". 1: <html data-ng-app="demo"> 2: <head> 3: <script type="text/javascript" src="jquery-2.1.0.js"></script> 1:  2: <script type="text/javascript" src="angular.js"> 1: </script> 2: <script type="text/javascript" src="angular-ui-router.js"> 1: </script> 2: <script type="text/javascript" src="jquery.signalR-2.0.3.js"> 1: </script> 2: <script type="text/javascript" src="app.js"></script> 4: </head> 5: <body> 6: <h1>SignalR Auto Disconnect with AngularJS by Shaun</h1> 7: <div> 8: <a href="javascript:void(0)" data-ui-sref="view1">View 1</a> | 9: <a href="javascript:void(0)" data-ui-sref="view2">View 2</a> 10: </div> 11: <div data-ui-view></div> 12: </body> 13: </html> Below is the "app.js". My SignalR logic was in the "View1" page and it will connect to server once the controller was executed. User can specify a user name and send to server, all clients that located in this page will receive the server side greeting message through SignalR. 1: 'use strict'; 2:  3: var app = angular.module('demo', ['ui.router']); 4:  5: app.config(['$stateProvider', '$locationProvider', function ($stateProvider, $locationProvider) { 6: $stateProvider.state('view1', { 7: url: '/view1', 8: templateUrl: 'view1.html', 9: controller: 'View1Ctrl' }); 10:  11: $stateProvider.state('view2', { 12: url: '/view2', 13: templateUrl: 'view2.html', 14: controller: 'View2Ctrl' }); 15:  16: $locationProvider.html5Mode(true); 17: }]); 18:  19: app.value('$', $); 20: app.value('endpoint', 'http://localhost:60448'); 21: app.value('hub', 'GreetingHub'); 22:  23: app.controller('View1Ctrl', function ($scope, $, endpoint, hub) { 24: $scope.user = ''; 25: $scope.response = ''; 26:  27: $scope.greeting = function () { 28: proxy.invoke('Hello', $scope.user) 29: .done(function () {}) 30: .fail(function (error) { 31: console.log(error); 32: }); 33: }; 34:  35: var connection = $.hubConnection(endpoint); 36: var proxy = connection.createHubProxy(hub); 37: proxy.on('hello', function (response) { 38: $scope.$apply(function () { 39: $scope.response = response; 40: }); 41: }); 42: connection.start() 43: .done(function () { 44: console.log('signlar connection established'); 45: }) 46: .fail(function (error) { 47: console.log(error); 48: }); 49: }); 50:  51: app.controller('View2Ctrl', function ($scope, $) { 52: }); When we went to View1 the server side "OnConnect" method will be invoked as below. And in any page we send the message to server, all clients will got the response. If we close one of the client, the server side "OnDisconnect" method will be invoked which is correct. But is we click "View 2" link in the page "OnDisconnect" method will not be invoked even though the content and browser address had been changed. This might cause many SignalR connections remain between the client and server. Below is what happened after I clicked "View 1" and "View 2" links four times. As you can see there are 4 live connections.   Solution Since the reason of this issue is because, AngularJS hijacks the page event that SignalR need to stop the connection, we can handle AngularJS route or state change event and stop SignalR connect manually. In the code below I moved the "connection" variant to global scope, added a handler to "$stateChangeStart" and invoked "stop" method of "connection" if its state was not "disconnected". 1: var connection; 2: app.run(['$rootScope', function ($rootScope) { 3: $rootScope.$on('$stateChangeStart', function () { 4: if (connection && connection.state && connection.state !== 4 /* disconnected */) { 5: console.log('signlar connection abort'); 6: connection.stop(); 7: } 8: }); 9: }]); Now if we refresh the page and navigated to View 1, the connection will be opened. At this state if we clicked "View 2" link the content will be changed and the SignalR connection will be closed automatically.   Summary In this post I demonstrated an issue when we are using SignalR with AngularJS. The connection cannot be closed automatically when we navigate to other page/state in AngularJS. And the solution I mentioned below is to move the SignalR connection as a global variant and close it manually when AngularJS route/state changed. You can download the full sample code here. Moving the SignalR connection as a global variant might not be a best solution. It's just for easy to demo here. In production code I suggest wrapping all SignalR operations into an AngularJS factory. Since AngularJS factory is a singleton object, we can safely put the connection variant in the factory function scope.   Hope this helps, Shaun All documents and related graphics, codes are provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind. Copyright © Shaun Ziyan Xu. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons License.

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• Integrate Bing Search API into ASP.Net application

  - by sreejukg

  Couple of months back, I wrote an article about how to integrate Bing Search engine (API 2.0) with ASP.Net website. You can refer the article here http://weblogs.asp.net/sreejukg/archive/2012/04/07/integrate-bing-api-for-search-inside-asp-net-web-application.aspx Things are changing rapidly in the tech world and Bing has also changed! The Bing Search API 2.0 will work until August 1, 2012, after that it will not return results. Shocked? Don’t worry the API has moved to Windows Azure market place and available for you to sign up and continue using it and there is a free version available based on your usage. In this article, I am going to explain how you can integrate the new Bing API that is available in the Windows Azure market place with your website. You can access the Windows Azure market place from the below link https://datamarket.azure.com/ There is lot of applications available for you to subscribe and use. Bing is one of them. You can find the new Bing Search API from the below link https://datamarket.azure.com/dataset/5BA839F1-12CE-4CCE-BF57-A49D98D29A44 To get access to Bing Search API, first you need to register an account with Windows Azure market place. Sign in to the Windows Azure market place site using your windows live account. Once you sign in with your windows live account, you need to register to Windows Azure Market place account. From the Windows Azure market place, you will see the sign in button it the top right of the page. Clicking on the sign in button will take you to the Windows live ID authentication page. You can enter a windows live ID here to login. Once logged in you will see the Registration page for the Windows Azure market place as follows. You can agree or disagree for the email address usage by Microsoft. I believe selecting the check box means you will get email about what is happening in Windows Azure market place. Click on continue button once you are done. In the next page, you should accept the terms of use, it is not optional, you must agree to terms and conditions. Scroll down to the page and select the I agree checkbox and click on Register Button. Now you are a registered member of Windows Azure market place. You can subscribe to data applications. In order to use BING API in your application, you must obtain your account Key, in the previous version of Bing you were required an API key, the current version uses Account Key instead. Once you logged in to the Windows Azure market place, you can see “My Account” in the top menu, from the Top menu; go to “My Account” Section. From the My Account section, you can manage your subscriptions and Account Keys. Account Keys will be used by your applications to access the subscriptions from the market place. Click on My Account link, you can see Account Keys in the left menu and then Add an account key or you can use the default Account key available. Creating account key is very simple process. Also you can remove the account keys you create if necessary. The next step is to subscribe to BING Search API. At this moment, Bing Offers 2 APIs for search. The available options are as follows. 1. Bing Search API - https://datamarket.azure.com/dataset/5ba839f1-12ce-4cce-bf57-a49d98d29a44 2. Bing Search API – Web Results only - https://datamarket.azure.com/dataset/8818f55e-2fe5-4ce3-a617-0b8ba8419f65 The difference is that the later will give you only web results where the other you can specify the source type such as image, video, web, news etc. Carefully choose the API based on your application requirements. In this article, I am going to use Web Results Only API, but the steps will be similar to both. Go to the API page https://datamarket.azure.com/dataset/8818f55e-2fe5-4ce3-a617-0b8ba8419f65, you can see the subscription options in the right side. And in the bottom of the page you can see the free option Since I am going to use the free options, just Click the Sign Up link for that. Just select I agree check box and click on the Sign Up button. You will get a recipt pagethat detail your subscription. Now you are ready Bing Search API – Web results. The next step is to integrate the API into your ASP.Net application. Now if you go to the Search API page (as well as in the Receipt page), you can see a .Net C# Class Library link, click on the link, you will get a code file named “BingSearchContainer.cs”. In the following sections I am going to demonstrate the use of Bing Search API from an ASP.Net application. Create an empty ASP.Net web application. In the solution explorer, the application will looks as follows. Now add the downloaded code file (“BingSearchContainer.cs”) to the project. Right click your project in solution explorer, Add -> existing item, then browse to the downloaded location, select the “BingSearchContainer.cs” file and add it to the project. To build the code file you need to add reference to the following library. System.Data.Services.Client You can find the library in the .Net tab, when you select Add -> Reference Try to build your project now; it should build without any errors. Add an ASP.Net page to the project. I have included a text box and a button, then a Grid View to the page. The idea is to Search the text entered and display the results in the gridview. The page will look in the Visual Studio Designer as follows. The markup of the page is as follows. In the button click event handler for the search button, I have used the following code. Now run your project and enter some text in the text box and click the Search button, you will see the results coming from Bing, cool. I entered the text “Microsoft” in the textbox and clicked on the button and I got the following results. Searching Specific Websites If you want to search a particular website, you pass the site url with site:<site url name> and if you have more sites, use pipe (|). e.g. The following search query site:microsoft.com | site:adobe.com design will search the word design and return the results from Microsoft.com and Adobe.com See the sample code that search only Microsoft.com for the text entered for the above sample. var webResults = bingContainer.Web("site:www.Microsoft.com " + txtSearch.Text, null, null, null, null, null, null); Paging the results returned by the API By default the BING API will return 100 results based on your query. The default code file that you downloaded from BING doesn’t include any option for this. You can modify the downloaded code to perform this paging. The BING API supports two parameters $top (for number of results to return) and $skip (for number of records to skip). So if you want 3rd page of results with page size = 10, you need to pass $top = 10 and $skip=20. Open the BingSearchContainer.cs in the editor. You can see the Web method in it as follows. public DataServiceQuery<WebResult> Web(String Query, String Market, String Adult, Double? Latitude, Double? Longitude, String WebFileType, String Options) {  In the method signature, I have added two more parameters public DataServiceQuery<WebResult> Web(String Query, String Market, String Adult, Double? Latitude, Double? Longitude, String WebFileType, String Options, int resultCount, int pageNo) { and in the method, you need to pass the parameters to the query variable. query = query.AddQueryOption("$top", resultCount); query = query.AddQueryOption("$skip", (pageNo -1)*resultCount); return query; Note that I didn’t perform any validation, but you need to check conditions such as resultCount and pageCount should be greater than or equal to 1. If the parameters are not valid, the Bing Search API will throw the error. The modified method is as follows. The changes are highlighted. Now see the following code in the SearchPage.aspx.cs file protected void btnSearch_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) {     var bingContainer = new Bing.BingSearchContainer(new Uri(https://api.datamarket.azure.com/Bing/SearchWeb/));     // replace this value with your account key     var accountKey = "your key";     // the next line configures the bingContainer to use your credentials.     bingContainer.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(accountKey, accountKey);     var webResults = bingContainer.Web("site:microsoft.com" +txtSearch.Text , null, null, null, null, null, null,3,2);     lstResults.DataSource = webResults;     lstResults.DataBind(); } The following code will return 3 results starting from second page (by skipping first 3 results). See the result page as follows. Bing provides complete integration to its offerings. When you develop search based applications, you can use the power of Bing to perform the search. Integrating Bing Search API to ASP.Net application is a simple process and without investing much time, you can develop a good search based application. Make sure you read the terms of use before designing the application and decide which API usage is suitable for you. Further readings BING API Migration Guide http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=248077 Bing API FAQ http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=252146 Bing API Schema Guide http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=252151

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• CodePlex Daily Summary for Friday, May 21, 2010

  CodePlex Daily Summary for Friday, May 21, 2010New Projects.Net wrapper around the Neo4j Rest Server: Neo4jRestSharp is a .Net API wrapper for the Neo4j Rest Server. Neo4j is an open sourced java based transactional graph database that stores data ...3D Editor Application Framework: A starting point for building 3D editing applications, such as video game editors, particle system editors, 3D modelling tools, visualization tools...Bulk Actions for SharePoint: This project aims to provide some essential and generic bulk actions for SharePoint lists. Idea is to include any custom actions that can be applie...CineRemote - The hometheater control board: CineRemote's purpose is to offer an alternative to expensive control system for dedicated hometheater rooms. CrmContrib: CrmContrib is a collection of useful items for developers and customizers working with the Dynamics CRM platform.db2xls: OleDb,Sql Server,Sqlite,....to excel, from sqlHappyNet - Silverlight reference application: HappyNet is a project using best practices to build an e-commerce web site. It is a full Silverlight application based on a solid architecture (PR...IP Multicast Library: IP Multicast Library makes it easier for developers to add Multicast, messaging to projects.Linkbutton Web Part: This Link Button Web Part can be installed in any SharePoint 2007 web site. You can onfigure a URL with query string that will be used by the Link...Majordomus pro Windows: Nástroj určený pro správce a vývojáře slouží k řízenému spuštění používaných a vypnutí nepotřebných služeb, procesů a aplikací ve Windows. Pomocí s...MRDS Samples: The MRDS Samples site hosts a variety of code samples for Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio (RDS).Mute4: Mute4 is a simple application that allows you to set a mute/vibration profile and it will switch back to your normal profile automatically after a ...Niko Neko Pureya: Niko Neko Pureya is a media player designed for people who watches a series of videos (like anime). It is very simple and easy to use & learn. And ...NVPX - VP8 Video Codec for .Net: NVPx allows you to use the now open-source VP8 codec on the .Net platform.openrs: openrs is an open-source RuneScape 2 emulator designed to be used with newer engine clients.Prism Evaluation: prism evaluationProj4Net: Proj4Net is a C#/.Net library to transform point coordinates from one geographic coordinate system to another, including datum transformation. The ...Read it to me!: Read it to me will allow you to load txt and rtf files and then speak them using SAPI 5 voices that are installed on your computer with an option t...sGSHOPedit: -SilverDice: SilverDice...SilverDude Toolkit for Silverlight: SilverDude Toolkit for Silverlight contains a collection of silverlight controls making life easier for developers. You'll no longer have to worry ...Silverlight Report: Open-Source Silverlight Reporting Engine. This project allows you to create and print reports using Silverlight 4.SimTrain5000: Train simulation project on University College of Northern Denmark.Springshield Sample Site for EPiServer CMS: City of Springshield - The accessible sample site for EPiServer CMS 6.Teach.Net: Teach.Net is a library/framework that can be used to create applications for testing and learning.The Amoeba Project: The Amoeba Project is a platform to be developed to embrace most of the latest Microsoft Technologies. Still in a conceptual stage however, it loo...The Fastcopy Helper: The Fastcopy Helper is a auxiliary tool for fastcopy.vow: vowWCF Client Generator: This code generator avoids the shortcomings of svcutil when generating proxies for services with a large number of methods.WebCycle: WebCycle is a screensaver application that cycles through web pages. This was originally created to cycle through Reporting Services reports so th...XGate2D - XNA 2D Game Engine: XGate2D is 2D game engine built using XNA Framework. XGate2D currently has 8 features: input handler, animation, Graphical User Interface (GUI), ...XNA Catapult Minigame for XNA 4: XNA 4 implementation of the Catapult Minigame Sample from XNA Creators Club.New ReleasesADefHelpDesk: ADefHelpDesk (Standard ASP.NET Version) 01.00.00: ADefHelpDesk a Help Desk / Ticket Tracker module * NOTE: This version is NOT a DotNetNuke module - It is a standard ASP.NET Application * SQL 2005...Bulk Actions for SharePoint: First Release: First Release - Includes following bulk list actions: *Delete *Checkin/Checkout *Publish/Unpublish *Move *Update MetadataCheck-in Wizard for ArenaChMS: v1.2.1: v 1.2.0 updated to work with Arena 2009.2 (see notes below). Added support for "At Kiosk" and "At Location" printing. Added support for print l...ConfigTray: 1.5: Version 1.5 will have a new UI for managing ConfigTray config. Instead of manually editing configtray.exe.config to add/delete/edit settings and fi...CrmContrib: CrmContribWorkflow 1.0 ALPHA1: This is an initial release of the CrmContribWorkflow 1.0 components. At the moment there are only two activities included in this release. Add Cont...DemotToolkit: DemotToolkit-0.1.0.50830: Initial release.DemotToolkit: DemotToolkit-0.1.1.51107: Fixed crashing in some circumstances.Dot Game: Dot Game Stable Release: Dot Game This is latest stable release without network play mode. (Network play mode is under development)Dynamic Survey Forms - SharePoint Web Part: Fix for missing dlls and documentation: Added missing assemblies to setup.zip. Installation instructions.EnhSim: V1.9.8.7: Added Sharpened Twilight ScaleEvent Scavenger: Viewer 3.2.2: Fixed a bug in the viewer where the previous view 'Top x' filter was not restored after the application was reopened.F# Project Extender: V0.9.2.0 (VS2008,VS2010): F# project extender for Visual Studio 2008 and Visual Studio 2010. Fixed bugs: -VS2010 crash on MoveUp(MoveDown) of renamed file -Adding files brea...FlickrNet API Library: 3.0 Beta 2: The final Beta for the 3.0 release. Fixes a major issue with Photosets.GetList as well as a number of smaller bugs, and adds the new Usage extras ...Folder Bookmarks: Folder Bookmarks 1.5.7: The latest version of Folder Bookmarks (1.5.7), with the new Help feature - all the instructions needed to use the software (If you have any sugges...Linkbutton Web Part: V1.1: Use WinZip to unzip. See docs folder for installation instructions.Live-Exchange Calendar Sync: Live-Exchange Calendar Sync Final: Live-Exchange Calendar Sync Beta May 14, 2010 release of Live-Exchange Calendar Sync 1.0 . (Version 46127) Getting StartedInfo about installation ...MEFedMVVM: MEFedMVVM: This version contains the MEFedMVVM ViewModelLocator and also some basic services such as Mediator and StateManager. You can download the code fr...Mentor Text Database: May 2010 Release with instrumentation: This should function the same as the previous version. Some enhancements have been made, and additional instrumentation has been added to help anal...Merthin: SSF 2010: Code and documentation presented at the Student Science Fair of the Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science at the University of Habana. The ma...NB_Store - Free DotNetNuke Ecommerce Catalog Module: NB_Store_02.01.00: NB_Store v2.1.0 THIS IS AN ALPHA RELEASE FOR TESTING ONLY......DO NOT USE IT ON A LIVE SYSTEM.NerdDinner.com - Where Geeks Eat: NerdDinner - Four Database Access Samples: Chris Sells worked with Nick Muhonen from Useable Concepts and Nick created four samples exploring how an ASP.NET MVC application can access databa...openrs: Devstart: Trunk release, empty project.Over Store: OverStore 1.19.0.0: - Version number is increased. - Add methods for specifying custom callback methods to TableMappingRepositoryConfiguration. - Object attaching fu...Rnwood.SmtpServer: Rnwood.SmtpServer 2.0: SmtpServer 2.0 is a .NET SMTP server component written in pure c#. It was written to power http://smtp4dev.codeplex.com/ but can easily be used by ...Scrum Sprint Monitor: v1.0.0.48524 (.NET 4-TFS 2010): What is new in this release? #6132 - Bug with open work hours; Added untested support for MSF for Agile process template; Improved data reporti...SharePoint Rsync List: 1.0.0.0: This initial 1.0 release includes a new feature which manages timer jobs on your sync listShould: Beta 1.1: Updated the namespaces. The extension methods are now in the root Should namespace. The other classes are not in child namespaces.SilverDude Toolkit for Silverlight: SilverDude Toolkit for Silverlight: Kindly give your comments about this project and tell how you feel about it. I'm still new in creating controls, hopefully you guys can support me....Silverlight Report: SilverlightReport_v0.1_alpha_bin: SilverlightReport v0.1 alphaSLARToolkit - Silverlight Augmented Reality Toolkit: SLARToolkit 1.0.2.0: Fixed a problem with long referenced DetectionResults that might have caused an IndexOutOfRangeException Added Marker.LoadFromResource to get rid...The Fastcopy Helper: My Fastcopy Helper 1.0: This Source Code Is use a method to run it . The method is thinked by my bain. So , The Performance maybe lower.Thinktecture.DataObjectModel: Thinktecture.DataObjectModel v0.12: Some bugs fixed. See ChangeLog.txt for more infos.Umbraco CMS: Umbraco 4.0.4.1: A stability release fixing 13 issues based on feedback from 4.0.3 users. Most importantly is a fix to a serious date bug where day and month could ...Usa*Usa Libraly: Smart.Web.Mobile ver 0.2: Smart.Web.Mobile pictgram convert library for japanese galapagos k-tai( ﾟдﾟ) ver 0.2. - Custom encoding for HttpRequest.ContentEncoding / HttpResp...VCC: Latest build, v2.1.30520.0: Automatic drop of latest buildvow: dream: I have a dreamvow: test: testWCF Client Generator: Version 0.9.1.42927: Initial feature set complete. Detailed UI pending.WebCycle: WebCycle 1.0.20: Initial CodePlex releaseWebCycle: WebCycle 1.0.21: Added Uri validataion before saving settingsWhois Application: 1.5 release: - uses the whois.iana.org to dynamically lookup the whois server for each top level domain - enables enter key press for searchWing Beats: Wing Beats 0.9: This first release is focused on the core functionality and XHTML 1.0 strict generation in Asp.NET MVC.Most Popular ProjectsWeb Service Software FactoryPlasmaAquisição de Sinais Vitais em Tempo Real (Vital signs realtime data acquisition)Octtree XNA-GS DrawableGameComponentRawrWBFS ManagerAJAX Control ToolkitMicrosoft SQL Server Product Samples: DatabaseSilverlight ToolkitWindows Presentation Foundation (WPF)Most Active ProjectsRawrpatterns & practices – Enterprise LibraryGMap.NET - Great Maps for Windows Forms & PresentationPHPExcelBlogEngine.NETSQL Server PowerShell ExtensionsCaliburn: An Application Framework for WPF and SilverlightNB_Store - Free DotNetNuke Ecommerce Catalog Modulepatterns & practices: Windows Azure Security GuidanceFluent Ribbon Control Suite

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• Building and Deploying Windows Azure Web Sites using Git and GitHub for Windows

  - by shiju

  Microsoft Windows Azure team has released a new version of Windows Azure which is providing many excellent features. The new Windows Azure provides Web Sites which allows you to deploy up to 10 web sites  for free in a multitenant shared environment and you can easily upgrade this web site to a private, dedicated virtual server when the traffic is grows. The Meet Windows Azure Fact Sheet provides the following information about a Windows Azure Web Site: Windows Azure Web Sites enable developers to easily build and deploy websites with support for multiple frameworks and popular open source applications, including ASP.NET, PHP and Node.js. With just a few clicks, developers can take advantage of Windows Azure’s global scale without having to worry about operations, servers or infrastructure. It is easy to deploy existing sites, if they run on Internet Information Services (IIS) 7, or to build new sites, with a free offer of 10 websites upon signup, with the ability to scale up as needed with reserved instances. Windows Azure Web Sites includes support for the following: Multiple frameworks including ASP.NET, PHP and Node.js Popular open source software apps including WordPress, Joomla!, Drupal, Umbraco and DotNetNuke Windows Azure SQL Database and MySQL databases Multiple types of developer tools and protocols including Visual Studio, Git, FTP, Visual Studio Team Foundation Services and Microsoft WebMatrix Signup to Windows and Enable Azure Web Sites You can signup for a 90 days free trial account in Windows Azure from here. After creating an account in Windows Azure, go to https://account.windowsazure.com/ , and select to preview features to view the available previews. In the Web Sites section of the preview features, click “try it now” which will enables the web sites feature Create Web Site in Windows Azure To create a web sites, login to the Windows Azure portal, and select Web Sites from and click New icon from the left corner  Click WEB SITE, QUICK CREATE and put values for URL and REGION dropdown. You can see the all web sites from the dashboard of the Windows Azure portal Set up Git Publishing Select your web site from the dashboard, and select Set up Git publishing To enable Git publishing , you must give user name and password which will initialize a Git repository Clone Git Repository We can use GitHub for Windows to publish apps to non-GitHub repositories which is well explained by Phil Haack on his blog post. Here we are going to deploy the web site using GitHub for Windows. Let’s clone a Git repository using the Git Url which will be getting from the Windows Azure portal. Let’s copy the Git url and execute the “git clone” with the git url. You can use the Git Shell provided by GitHub for Windows. To get it, right on the GitHub for Windows, and select open shell here as shown in the below picture. When executing the Git Clone command, it will ask for a password where you have to give password which specified in the Windows Azure portal. After cloning the GIT repository, you can drag and drop the local Git repository folder to GitHub for Windows GUI. This will automatically add the Windows Azure Web Site repository onto GitHub for Windows where you can commit your changes and publish your web sites to Windows Azure. Publish the Web Site using GitHub for Windows We can add multiple framework level files including ASP.NET, PHP and Node.js, to the local repository folder can easily publish to Windows Azure from GitHub for Windows GUI. For this demo, let me just add a simple Node.js file named Server.js which handles few request handlers. 1: var http = require('http'); 2: var port=process.env.PORT; 3: var querystring = require('querystring'); 4: var utils = require('util'); 5: var url = require("url"); 6:   7: var server = http.createServer(function(req, res) { 8: switch (req.url) { //checking the request url 9: case '/': 10: homePageHandler (req, res); //handler for home page 11: break; 12: case '/register': 13: registerFormHandler (req, res);//hamdler for register 14: break; 15: default: 16: nofoundHandler (req, res);// handler for 404 not found 17: break; 18: } 19: }); 20: server.listen(port); 21: //function to display the html form 22: function homePageHandler (req, res) { 23: console.log('Request handler home was called.'); 24: res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/html'}); 25: var body = '<html>'+ 26: '<head>'+ 27: '<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; '+ 28: 'charset=UTF-8" />'+ 29: '</head>'+ 30: '<body>'+ 31: '<form action="/register" method="post">'+ 32: 'Name:<input type=text value="" name="name" size=15></br>'+ 33: 'Email:<input type=text value="" name="email" size=15></br>'+ 34: '<input type="submit" value="Submit" />'+ 35: '</form>'+ 36: '</body>'+ 37: '</html>'; 38: //response content 39: res.end(body); 40: } 41: //handler for Post request 42: function registerFormHandler (req, res) { 43: console.log('Request handler register was called.'); 44: var pathname = url.parse(req.url).pathname; 45: console.log("Request for " + pathname + " received."); 46: var postData = ""; 47: req.on('data', function(chunk) { 48: // append the current chunk of data to the postData variable 49: postData += chunk.toString(); 50: }); 51: req.on('end', function() { 52: // doing something with the posted data 53: res.writeHead(200, "OK", {'Content-Type': 'text/html'}); 54: // parse the posted data 55: var decodedBody = querystring.parse(postData); 56: // output the decoded data to the HTTP response 57: res.write('<html><head><title>Post data</title></head><body><pre>'); 58: res.write(utils.inspect(decodedBody)); 59: res.write('</pre></body></html>'); 60: res.end(); 61: }); 62: } 63: //Error handler for 404 no found 64: function nofoundHandler(req, res) { 65: console.log('Request handler nofound was called.'); 66: res.writeHead(404, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'}); 67: res.end('404 Error - Request handler not found'); 68: } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } If there is any change in the local repository folder, GitHub for Windows will automatically detect the changes. In the above step, we have just added a Server.js file so that GitHub for Windows will detect the changes. Let’s commit the changes to the local repository before publishing the web site to Windows Azure. After committed the all changes, you can click publish button which will publish the all changes to Windows Azure repository. The following screen shot shows deployment history from the Windows Azure portal.   GitHub for Windows is providing a sync button which can use for synchronizing between local repository and Windows Azure repository after making any commit on the local repository after any changes. Our web site is running after the deployment using Git Summary Windows Azure Web Sites lets the developers to easily build and deploy websites with support for multiple framework including ASP.NET, PHP and Node.js and can easily deploy the Web Sites using Visual Studio, Git, FTP, Visual Studio Team Foundation Services and Microsoft WebMatrix. In this demo, we have deployed a Node.js Web Site to Windows Azure using Git. We can use GitHub for Windows to publish apps to non-GitHub repositories and can use to publish Web SItes to Windows Azure.

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• ASP.NET MVC ‘Extendable-hooks’ – ControllerActionInvoker class

  - by nmarun

  There’s a class ControllerActionInvoker in ASP.NET MVC. This can be used as one of an hook-points to allow customization of your application. Watching Brad Wilsons’ Advanced MP3 from MVC Conf inspired me to write about this class. What MSDN says: “Represents a class that is responsible for invoking the action methods of a controller.” Well if MSDN says it, I think I can instill a fair amount of confidence into what the class does. But just to get to the details, I also looked into the source code for MVC. Seems like the base class Controller is where an IActionInvoker is initialized: 1: protected virtual IActionInvoker CreateActionInvoker() { 2: return new ControllerActionInvoker(); 3: } In the ControllerActionInvoker (the O-O-B behavior), there are different ‘versions’ of InvokeActionMethod() method that actually call the action method in question and return an instance of type ActionResult. 1: protected virtual ActionResult InvokeActionMethod(ControllerContext controllerContext, ActionDescriptor actionDescriptor, IDictionary<string, object> parameters) { 2: object returnValue = actionDescriptor.Execute(controllerContext, parameters); 3: ActionResult result = CreateActionResult(controllerContext, actionDescriptor, returnValue); 4: return result; 5: } I guess that’s enough on the ‘behind-the-screens’ of this class. Let’s see how we can use this class to hook-up extensions. Say I have a requirement that the user should be able to get different renderings of the same output, like html, xml, json, csv and so on. The user will type-in the output format in the url and should the get result accordingly. For example: http://site.com/RenderAs/ – renders the default way (the razor view) http://site.com/RenderAs/xml http://site.com/RenderAs/csv … and so on where RenderAs is my controller. There are many ways of doing this and I’m using a custom ControllerActionInvoker class (even though this might not be the best way to accomplish this). For this, my one and only route in the Global.asax.cs is: 1: routes.MapRoute("RenderAsRoute", "RenderAs/{outputType}", 2: new {controller = "RenderAs", action = "Index", outputType = ""}); Here the controller name is ‘RenderAsController’ and the action that’ll get called (always) is the Index action. The outputType parameter will map to the type of output requested by the user (xml, csv…). I intend to display a list of food items for this example. 1: public class Item 2: { 3: public int Id { get; set; } 4: public string Name { get; set; } 5: public Cuisine Cuisine { get; set; } 6: } 7:  8: public class Cuisine 9: { 10: public int CuisineId { get; set; } 11: public string Name { get; set; } 12: } Coming to my ‘RenderAsController’ class. I generate an IList<Item> to represent my model. 1: private static IList<Item> GetItems() 2: { 3: Cuisine cuisine = new Cuisine { CuisineId = 1, Name = "Italian" }; 4: Item item = new Item { Id = 1, Name = "Lasagna", Cuisine = cuisine }; 5: IList<Item> items = new List<Item> { item }; 6: item = new Item {Id = 2, Name = "Pasta", Cuisine = cuisine}; 7: items.Add(item); 8: //... 9: return items; 10: } My action method looks like 1: public IList<Item> Index(string outputType) 2: { 3: return GetItems(); 4: } There are two things that stand out in this action method. The first and the most obvious one being that the return type is not of type ActionResult (or one of its derivatives). Instead I’m passing the type of the model itself (IList<Item> in this case). We’ll convert this to some type of an ActionResult in our custom controller action invoker class later. The second thing (a little subtle) is that I’m not doing anything with the outputType value that is passed on to this action method. This value will be in the RouteData dictionary and we’ll use this in our custom invoker class as well. It’s time to hook up our invoker class. First, I’ll override the Initialize() method of my RenderAsController class. 1: protected override void Initialize(RequestContext requestContext) 2: { 3: base.Initialize(requestContext); 4: string outputType = string.Empty; 5:  6: // read the outputType from the RouteData dictionary 7: if (requestContext.RouteData.Values["outputType"] != null) 8: { 9: outputType = requestContext.RouteData.Values["outputType"].ToString(); 10: } 11:  12: // my custom invoker class 13: ActionInvoker = new ContentRendererActionInvoker(outputType); 14: } Coming to the main part of the discussion – the ContentRendererActionInvoker class: 1: public class ContentRendererActionInvoker : ControllerActionInvoker 2: { 3: private readonly string _outputType; 4:  5: public ContentRendererActionInvoker(string outputType) 6: { 7: _outputType = outputType.ToLower(); 8: } 9: //... 10: } So the outputType value that was read from the RouteData, which was passed in from the url, is being set here in  a private field. Moving to the crux of this article, I now override the CreateActionResult method. 1: protected override ActionResult CreateActionResult(ControllerContext controllerContext, ActionDescriptor actionDescriptor, object actionReturnValue) 2: { 3: if (actionReturnValue == null) 4: return new EmptyResult(); 5:  6: ActionResult result = actionReturnValue as ActionResult; 7: if (result != null) 8: return result; 9:  10: // This is where the magic happens 11: // Depending on the value in the _outputType field, 12: // return an appropriate ActionResult 13: switch (_outputType) 14: { 15: case "json": 16: { 17: JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer(); 18: string json = serializer.Serialize(actionReturnValue); 19: return new ContentResult { Content = json, ContentType = "application/json" }; 20: } 21: case "xml": 22: { 23: XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(actionReturnValue.GetType()); 24: using (StringWriter writer = new StringWriter()) 25: { 26: serializer.Serialize(writer, actionReturnValue); 27: return new ContentResult { Content = writer.ToString(), ContentType = "text/xml" }; 28: } 29: } 30: case "csv": 31: controllerContext.HttpContext.Response.AddHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=items.csv"); 32: return new ContentResult 33: { 34: Content = ToCsv(actionReturnValue as IList<Item>), 35: ContentType = "application/ms-excel" 36: }; 37: case "pdf": 38: string filePath = controllerContext.HttpContext.Server.MapPath("~/items.pdf"); 39: controllerContext.HttpContext.Response.AddHeader("content-disposition", 40: "attachment; filename=items.pdf"); 41: ToPdf(actionReturnValue as IList<Item>, filePath); 42: return new FileContentResult(StreamFile(filePath), "application/pdf"); 43:  44: default: 45: controllerContext.Controller.ViewData.Model = actionReturnValue; 46: return new ViewResult 47: { 48: TempData = controllerContext.Controller.TempData, 49: ViewData = controllerContext.Controller.ViewData 50: }; 51: } 52: } A big method there! The hook I was talking about kinda above actually is here. This is where different kinds / formats of output get returned based on the output type requested in the url. When the _outputType is not set (string.Empty as set in the Global.asax.cs file), the razor view gets rendered (lines 45-50). This is the default behavior in most MVC applications where-in a view (webform/razor) gets rendered on the browser. As you see here, this gets returned as a ViewResult. But then, for an outputType of json/xml/csv, a ContentResult gets returned, while for pdf, a FileContentResult is returned. Here are how the different kinds of output look like: This is how we can leverage this feature of ASP.NET MVC to developer a better application. I’ve used the iTextSharp library to convert to a pdf format. Mike gives quite a bit of detail regarding this library here. You can download the sample code here. (You’ll get an option to download once you open the link). Verdict: Hot chocolate: $3; Reebok shoes: $50; Your first car: $3000; Being able to extend a web application: Priceless.

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• First round playing with Memcached

  - by Shaun

  To be honest I have not been very interested in the caching before I’m going to a project which would be using the multi-site deployment and high connection and concurrency and very sensitive to the user experience. That means we must cache the output data for better performance. After looked for the Internet I finally focused on the Memcached. What’s the Memcached? I think the description on its main site gives us a very good and simple explanation. Free & open source, high-performance, distributed memory object caching system, generic in nature, but intended for use in speeding up dynamic web applications by alleviating database load. Memcached is an in-memory key-value store for small chunks of arbitrary data (strings, objects) from results of database calls, API calls, or page rendering. Memcached is simple yet powerful. Its simple design promotes quick deployment, ease of development, and solves many problems facing large data caches. Its API is available for most popular languages. The original Memcached was built on *nix system are is being widely used in the PHP world. Although it’s not a problem to use the Memcached installed on *nix system there are some windows version available fortunately. Since we are WISC (Windows – IIS – SQL Server – C#, which on the opposite of LAMP) it would be much easier for us to use the Memcached on Windows rather than *nix. I’m using the Memcached Win X64 version provided by NorthScale. There are also the x86 version and other operation system version.   Install Memcached Unpack the Memcached file to a folder on the machine you want it to be installed, we can see that there are only 3 files and the main file should be the “memcached.exe”. Memcached would be run on the server as a service. To install the service just open a command windows and navigate to the folder which contains the “memcached.exe”, let’s say “C:\Memcached\”, and then type “memcached.exe -d install”. If you are using Windows Vista and Windows 7 system please be execute the command through the administrator role. Right-click the command item in the start menu and use “Run as Administrator”, otherwise the Memcached would not be able to be installed successfully. Once installed successful we can type “memcached.exe -d start” to launch the service. Now it’s ready to be used. The default port of Memcached is 11211 but you can change it through the command argument. You can find the help by typing “memcached -h”.   Using Memcached Memcahed has many good and ready-to-use providers for vary program language. After compared and reviewed I chose the Memcached Providers. It’s built based on another 3rd party Memcached client named enyim.com Memcached Client. The Memcached Providers is very simple to set/get the cached objects through the Memcached servers and easy to be configured through the application configuration file (aka web.config and app.config). Let’s create a console application for the demonstration and add the 3 DLL files from the package of the Memcached Providers to the project reference. Then we need to add the configuration for the Memcached server. Create an App.config file and firstly add the section on top of it. Here we need three sections: the section for Memcached Providers, for enyim.com Memcached client and the log4net. 1: <configSections> 2: <section name="cacheProvider" 3: type="MemcachedProviders.Cache.CacheProviderSection, MemcachedProviders" 4: allowDefinition="MachineToApplication" 5: restartOnExternalChanges="true"/> 6: <sectionGroup name="enyim.com"> 7: <section name="memcached" 8: type="Enyim.Caching.Configuration.MemcachedClientSection, Enyim.Caching"/> 9: </sectionGroup> 10: <section name="log4net" 11: type="log4net.Config.Log4NetConfigurationSectionHandler,log4net"/> 12: </configSections> Then we will add the configuration for 3 of them in the App.config file. The Memcached server information would be defined under the enyim.com section since it will be responsible for connect to the Memcached server. Assuming I installed the Memcached on two servers with the default port, the configuration would be like this. 1: <enyim.com> 2: <memcached> 3: <servers> 4: <!-- put your own server(s) here--> 5: <add address="192.168.0.149" port="11211"/> 6: <add address="10.10.20.67" port="11211"/> 7: </servers> 8: <socketPool minPoolSize="10" maxPoolSize="100" connectionTimeout="00:00:10" deadTimeout="00:02:00"/> 9: </memcached> 10: </enyim.com> Memcached supports the multi-deployment which means you can install the Memcached on the servers as many as you need. The protocol of the Memcached responsible for routing the cached objects into the proper server. So it’s very easy to scale-out your system by Memcached. And then define the Memcached Providers configuration. The defaultExpireTime indicates how long the objected cached in the Memcached would be expired, the default value is 2000 ms. 1: <cacheProvider defaultProvider="MemcachedCacheProvider"> 2: <providers> 3: <add name="MemcachedCacheProvider" 4: type="MemcachedProviders.Cache.MemcachedCacheProvider, MemcachedProviders" 5: keySuffix="_MySuffix_" 6: defaultExpireTime="2000"/> 7: </providers> 8: </cacheProvider> The last configuration would be the log4net. 1: <log4net> 2: <!-- Define some output appenders --> 3: <appender name="ConsoleAppender" type="log4net.Appender.ConsoleAppender"> 4: <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout"> 5: <conversionPattern value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger [%property{NDC}] - %message%newline"/> 6: </layout> 7: </appender> 8: <!--<threshold value="OFF" />--> 9: <!-- Setup the root category, add the appenders and set the default priority --> 10: <root> 11: <priority value="WARN"/> 12: <appender-ref ref="ConsoleAppender"> 13: <filter type="log4net.Filter.LevelRangeFilter"> 14: <levelMin value="WARN"/> 15: <levelMax value="FATAL"/> 16: </filter> 17: </appender-ref> 18: </root> 19: </log4net>   Get, Set and Remove the Cached Objects Once we finished the configuration it would be very simple to consume the Memcached servers. The Memcached Providers gives us a static class named DistCache that can be used to operate the Memcached servers. Get<T>: Retrieve the cached object from the Memcached servers. If failed it will return null or the default value. Add: Add an object with a unique key into the Memcached servers. Assuming that we have an operation that retrieve the email from the name which is time consuming. This is the operation that should be cached. The method would be like this. I utilized Thread.Sleep to simulate the long-time operation. 1: static string GetEmailByNameSlowly(string name) 2: { 3: Thread.Sleep(2000); 4: return name + "@ethos.com.cn"; 5: } Then in the real retrieving method we will firstly check whether the name, email information had been searched previously and cached. If yes we will just return them from the Memcached, otherwise we will invoke the slowly method to retrieve it and then cached. 1: static string GetEmailByName(string name) 2: { 3: var email = DistCache.Get<string>(name); 4: if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(email)) 5: { 6: Console.WriteLine("==> The name/email not be in memcached so need slow loading. (name = {0})==>", name); 7: email = GetEmailByNameSlowly(name); 8: DistCache.Add(name, email); 9: } 10: else 11: { 12: Console.WriteLine("==> The name/email had been in memcached. (name = {0})==>", name); 13: } 14: return email; 15: } Finally let’s finished the calling method and execute. 1: static void Main(string[] args) 2: { 3: var name = string.Empty; 4: while (name != "q") 5: { 6: Console.Write("==> Please enter the name to find the email: "); 7: name = Console.ReadLine(); 8:  9: var email = GetEmailByName(name); 10: Console.WriteLine("==> The email of {0} is {1}.", name, email); 11: } 12: } The first time I entered “ziyanxu” it takes about 2 seconds to get the email since there’s nothing cached. But the next time I entered “ziyanxu” it returned very quickly from the Memcached.   Summary In this post I explained a bit on why we need cache, what’s Memcached and how to use it through the C# application. The example is fairly simple but hopefully demonstrated on how to use it. Memcached is very easy and simple to be used since it gives you the full opportunity to consider what, when and how to cache the objects. And when using Memcached you don’t need to consider the cache servers. The Memcached would be like a huge object pool in front of you. The next step I’m thinking now are: What kind of data should be cached? And how to determined the key? How to implement the cache as a layer on top of the business layer so that the application will not notice that the cache is there. How to implement the cache by AOP so that the business logic no need to consider the cache. I will investigate on them in the future and will share my thoughts and results.   Hope this helps, Shaun All documents and related graphics, codes are provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind. Copyright © Shaun Ziyan Xu. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons License.

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• CodePlex Daily Summary for Saturday, March 10, 2012

  CodePlex Daily Summary for Saturday, March 10, 2012Popular ReleasesPlayer Framework by Microsoft: Player Framework for Windows 8 Metro (BETA): Player Framework for HTML/JavaScript and XAML/C# Metro Style Applications.WPF Application Framework (WAF): WAF for .NET 4.5 (Experimental): Version: 2.5.0.440 (Experimental): This is an experimental release! It can be used to investigate the new .NET Framework 4.5 features. The ideas shown in this release might come in a future release (after 2.5) of the WPF Application Framework (WAF). More information can be found in this dicussion post. Requirements .NET Framework 4.5 (The package contains a solution file for Visual Studio 11) The unit test projects require Visual Studio 11 Professional Changelog All: Upgrade all proje...SSH.NET Library: 2012.3.9: There are still few outstanding issues I wanted to include in this release but since its been a while and there are few new features already I decided to create a new release now. New Features Add SOCKS4, SOCKS5 and HTTP Proxy support when connecting to remote server. For silverlight only IP address can be used for server address when using proxy. Add dynamic port forwarding support using ForwardedPortDynamic class. Add new ShellStream class to work with SSH Shell. Add supports for mu...Test Case Import Utilities for Visual Studio 2010 and Visual Studio 11 Beta: V1.2 RTM: This release (V1.2 RTM) includes: Support for connecting to Hosted Team Foundation Server Preview. Support for connecting to Team Foundation Server 11 Beta. Fix to issue with read-only attribute being set for LinksMapping-ReportFile which may have led to problems when saving the report file. Fix to issue with “related links” not being set properly in certain conditions. Fix to ensure that tool works fine when the Excel file contained rich text data. Note: Data is still imported in pl...Audio Pitch & Shift: Audio Pitch And Shift 3.5.0: Modules (mod, xm, it, etc..) supportcallisto: callisto 2.0.19: BUG FIX: Autorun.load() function in scripting now has sandboxed path (Thanks Mikey!) BUG FIX: UserObject.Name property now allows full 20 byte string replacements. FEATURE REQUEST: File.* script functions now allow file extensions.EntitiesToDTOs - Entity Framework DTO Generator: EntitiesToDTOs.v2.1: Changelog Fixed template file access issue on Win7. Fix on configuration load when target project was not found and "Use project default namespace" was checked. Minor fix on loading latest configuration at startup. Minor fix in VisualStudioHelper class. DTO's properties accessors are now in one line. Improvements in PropertyHelper to get a cleaner and more performant code. Added Website project type as a not supported project type. Using Error List pane from VS IDE to show Enti...DotNetNuke® Community Edition CMS: 06.01.04: Major Highlights Fixed issue with loading the splash page skin in the login, privacy and terms of use pages Fixed issue when searching for words with special characters in them Fixed redirection issue when the user does not have permissions to access a resource Fixed issue when clearing the cache using the ClearHostCache() function Fixed issue when displaying the site structure in the link to page feature Fixed issue when inline editing the title of modules Fixed issue with ...Mayhem: Mayhem Developer Preview: This is the developer preview of Mayhem. Enjoy!Team Foundation Server Process Template Customization Guidance: v1 - For Visual Studio 11: Welcome to the BETA release of the Team Foundation Server Process Template Customization preview. As this is a BETA release and the quality bar for the final Release has not been achieved, we value your candid feedback and recommend that you do not use or deploy these BETA artifacts in a production environment. Quality-Bar Details Documentation has been reviewed by Visual Studio ALM Rangers Documentation has not been through an independent technical review Documentation has not been rev...Magelia WebStore Open-source Ecommerce software: Magelia WebStore 1.2: Medium trust compliant lot of small change for medium trust compliance full refactoring of user management refactoring of Client Refactoring of user management Magelia.WebStore.Client no longer reference Magelia.WebStore.Services.Contract Refactoring page category multi parent category added copy category feature added Refactoring page catalog copy catalog feature added variant management improvement ability to define a default variant for a variable product ability to ord...PDFsharp - A .NET library for processing PDF: PDFsharp and MigraDoc Foundation 1.32: PDFsharp and MigraDoc Foundation 1.32 is a stable version that fixes a few bugs that were found with version 1.31. Version 1.32 includes solutions for Visual Studio 2010 only (but it should be possible to add the project files to existing solutions for VS 2005 or VS 2008). Users of VS 2005 or VS 2008 can still download version 1.31 with the solutions for those versions that allow them to easily try the samples that are included. While it may create smaller PDF files than version 1.30 because...Terminals: Version 2.0 - Release: Changes since version 1.9a:New art works New usability in Organize favorites window Improved usability of imports/exports and scans Large number of fixes Improvements in single instance mode Comparing November beta 4, this corrects: New application icons Doesn't show Logon error codes Fixed command line arguments exception for single instance mode Fixed detaching of tabs improved usability in detached window Fixed option settings for Capture manager Fixed system tray noti...MFCMAPI: March 2012 Release: Build: 15.0.0.1032 Full release notes at SGriffin's blog. If you just want to run the MFCMAPI or MrMAPI, get the executables. If you want to debug them, get the symbol files and the source. The 64 bit builds will only work on a machine with Outlook 2010 64 bit installed. All other machines should use the 32 bit builds, regardless of the operating system. Facebook BadgeTortoiseHg: TortoiseHg 2.3.1: bugfix releaseSimple Injector: Simple Injector v1.4.1: This release adds two small improvements to the SimpleInjector.Extensions.dll. No changes have been made to the core library. New features and improvements in this release for the SimpleInjector.Extensions.dll The RegisterManyForOpenGeneric extension methods now accept non-generic decorator, as long as they implement the given open generic service type. GetTypesToRegister methods added to the OpenGenericBatchRegistrationExtensions class which allows to customize the behavior. Note that the...CommonLibrary: Code: CodeVidCoder: 1.3.1: Updated HandBrake core to 0.9.6 release (svn 4472). Removed erroneous "None" container choice. Change some logic and help text to stop assuming you have to pick the VIDEO_TS folder for a DVD scan. This should make previewing DVD titles on the Queue Multiple Titles window possible when you've picked the root DVD directory.Google Books Downloader for Windows: Google Books Downloader: Google Books Downloader 1.8ExtAspNet: ExtAspNet v3.1.0: ExtAspNet - ?? ExtJS ??? ASP.NET 2.0 ???，????? AJAX ?????????? ExtAspNet ????? ExtJS ??? ASP.NET 2.0 ???，????? AJAX ??????????。 ExtAspNet ??????? JavaScript，?? CSS，?? UpdatePanel，?? ViewState，?? WebServices ???????。 ??????: IE 7.0, Firefox 3.6, Chrome 3.0, Opera 10.5, Safari 3.0+ ????：Apache License 2.0 (Apache) ??：http://extasp.net/ ??：http://bbs.extasp.net/ ??：http://extaspnet.codeplex.com/ ??：http://sanshi.cnblogs.com/ ????： +2012-03-04 v3.1.0 -??Hidden???????（〓?〓）。 -?PageManager??...New ProjectsAres Backup: Ares Backup is a Backup software which can save bytediffs and provides several storage plugins.BackItUp: Backup-Tool für Visual Studio Projektebinbin domain: binbin domain Blexus Service Plattform: Some cool stuff about Wcf Services. - can communicate files - can communicate xaml objects (generate dynamically Gui) CardPlay - a Solitaire Framework for .Net: CardPlay is a C# framework for developing Solitaire card games. The solution includes a sample WPF client along with over 100 games.Cloud Files Upload: Windows application to script cloud file uploads.Code First API Library, Scaffolding & Guidance for Coded UI Tests: Code first Coded UI Tests for web apps. Library, Scaffolding and Guidance.CPEBook by FMUG & TPAY: CPEBook by MUG & TPAY Projet dot NET CPEBookDot Net Application String Resources Viewer: Dot Net Application String Resources ViewerFilter for SharePoint Web Settings Page: This solution show a simple way to integrate a filter box by using jquery, a global farm feature and a simple delegate control for AdditionalPageHead.Google Books Downloader for Windows: Save Google books in PDF, JPEG or PNG format.GUIToolkit: C++ Windowless GUI，DirectUIHarvest Sports: Harvest SportsInfoPath Analyzer: InfoPath Analyzer makes InfoPath form development and troubleshooting much easier. You're easy to find the relationship between controls and data fields, search data fields or controls by name, edit InfoPath inner html directly.Kinectsignlanguage project: This project will help kinect be used for sign language to speech so that sign language people can be understood while talking to important people. LotteryVote: ????manager123: Trying out CodePlexMcRegister: McRegister is an asp.net mvc 3 razor website that enables you to register users on your minecraft server it works in conjunction with a minecraft mod called EasyAuth.MetroTipi: HelloTipi Sous l'interface Metro de Windows 8Microsoft AppFactory: AppFactory is a powerful data-driven build system for Windows Phone (and soon Windows 8) projects. Its purpose is to help developers start with template projects and turn them into suites of applications.MiniStock: MiniStock is an experimental reference architecture for scalable cloud-based architectures. Implemented in .net.online book shopping: online book shoppingScopa: Carousel Team Scopa per WP7 XNA testtom03092012tfs01: testtom03092012tfs01UsingLib: A library of automatically removed utilities: 1.Changing cursor to hourglass in Windows Forms 2.Logging It's developed in C#WHMCS Library: WHMCS is an all-in-one client management, billing & support solution for online businesses. Handling everything from signup to termination, WHMCS is a powerful business automation tool that puts you firmly in control. The WHMCS Library is a .NET wrapper for the WHMCS API. Written entirely in C# but really easy to port over to VB.NET. Coming from a VB.NET background we tried hard to make sure porting would be simple for VB.NET community members. ZoneEditService: Windows service to update ZoneEdit for dynamic dns.

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• SQL SERVER – Guest Posts – Feodor Georgiev – The Context of Our Database Environment – Going Beyond the Internal SQL Server Waits – Wait Type – Day 21 of 28

  - by pinaldave

  This guest post is submitted by Feodor. Feodor Georgiev is a SQL Server database specialist with extensive experience of thinking both within and outside the box. He has wide experience of different systems and solutions in the fields of architecture, scalability, performance, etc. Feodor has experience with SQL Server 2000 and later versions, and is certified in SQL Server 2008. In this article Feodor explains the server-client-server process, and concentrated on the mutual waits between client and SQL Server. This is essential in grasping the concept of waits in a ‘global’ application plan. Recently I was asked to write a blog post about the wait statistics in SQL Server and since I had been thinking about writing it for quite some time now, here it is. It is a wide-spread idea that the wait statistics in SQL Server will tell you everything about your performance. Well, almost. Or should I say – barely. The reason for this is that SQL Server is always a part of a bigger system – there are always other players in the game: whether it is a client application, web service, any other kind of data import/export process and so on. In short, the SQL Server surroundings look like this: This means that SQL Server, aside from its internal waits, also depends on external waits and settings. As we can see in the picture above, SQL Server needs to have an interface in order to communicate with the surrounding clients over the network. For this communication, SQL Server uses protocol interfaces. I will not go into detail about which protocols are best, but you can read this article. Also, review the information about the TDS (Tabular data stream). As we all know, our system is only as fast as its slowest component. This means that when we look at our environment as a whole, the SQL Server might be a victim of external pressure, no matter how well we have tuned our database server performance. Let’s dive into an example: let’s say that we have a web server, hosting a web application which is using data from our SQL Server, hosted on another server. The network card of the web server for some reason is malfunctioning (think of a hardware failure, driver failure, or just improper setup) and does not send/receive data faster than 10Mbs. On the other end, our SQL Server will not be able to send/receive data at a faster rate either. This means that the application users will notify the support team and will say: “My data is coming very slow.” Now, let’s move on to a bit more exciting example: imagine that there is a similar setup as the example above – one web server and one database server, and the application is not using any stored procedure calls, but instead for every user request the application is sending 80kb query over the network to the SQL Server. (I really thought this does not happen in real life until I saw it one day.) So, what happens in this case? To make things worse, let’s say that the 80kb query text is submitted from the application to the SQL Server at least 100 times per minute, and as often as 300 times per minute in peak times. Here is what happens: in order for this query to reach the SQL Server, it will have to be broken into a of number network packets (according to the packet size settings) – and will travel over the network. On the other side, our SQL Server network card will receive the packets, will pass them to our network layer, the packets will get assembled, and eventually SQL Server will start processing the query – parsing, allegorizing, generating the query execution plan and so on. So far, we have already had a serious network overhead by waiting for the packets to reach our Database Engine. There will certainly be some processing overhead – until the database engine deals with the 80kb query and its 20 subqueries. The waits you see in the DMVs are actually collected from the point the query reaches the SQL Server and the packets are assembled. Let’s say that our query is processed and it finally returns 15000 rows. These rows have a certain size as well, depending on the data types returned. This means that the data will have converted to packages (depending on the network size package settings) and will have to reach the application server. There will also be waits, however, this time you will be able to see a wait type in the DMVs called ASYNC_NETWORK_IO. What this wait type indicates is that the client is not consuming the data fast enough and the network buffers are filling up. Recently Pinal Dave posted a blog on Client Statistics. What Client Statistics does is captures the physical flow characteristics of the query between the client(Management Studio, in this case) and the server and back to the client. As you see in the image, there are three categories: Query Profile Statistics, Network Statistics and Time Statistics. Number of server roundtrips–a roundtrip consists of a request sent to the server and a reply from the server to the client. For example, if your query has three select statements, and they are separated by ‘GO’ command, then there will be three different roundtrips. TDS Packets sent from the client – TDS (tabular data stream) is the language which SQL Server speaks, and in order for applications to communicate with SQL Server, they need to pack the requests in TDS packets. TDS Packets sent from the client is the number of packets sent from the client; in case the request is large, then it may need more buffers, and eventually might even need more server roundtrips. TDS packets received from server –is the TDS packets sent by the server to the client during the query execution. Bytes sent from client – is the volume of the data set to our SQL Server, measured in bytes; i.e. how big of a query we have sent to the SQL Server. This is why it is best to use stored procedures, since the reusable code (which already exists as an object in the SQL Server) will only be called as a name of procedure + parameters, and this will minimize the network pressure. Bytes received from server – is the amount of data the SQL Server has sent to the client, measured in bytes. Depending on the number of rows and the datatypes involved, this number will vary. But still, think about the network load when you request data from SQL Server. Client processing time – is the amount of time spent in milliseconds between the first received response packet and the last received response packet by the client. Wait time on server replies – is the time in milliseconds between the last request packet which left the client and the first response packet which came back from the server to the client. Total execution time – is the sum of client processing time and wait time on server replies (the SQL Server internal processing time) Here is an illustration of the Client-server communication model which should help you understand the mutual waits in a client-server environment. Keep in mind that a query with a large ‘wait time on server replies’ means the server took a long time to produce the very first row. This is usual on queries that have operators that need the entire sub-query to evaluate before they proceed (for example, sort and top operators). However, a query with a very short ‘wait time on server replies’ means that the query was able to return the first row fast. However a long ‘client processing time’ does not necessarily imply the client spent a lot of time processing and the server was blocked waiting on the client. It can simply mean that the server continued to return rows from the result and this is how long it took until the very last row was returned. The bottom line is that developers and DBAs should work together and think carefully of the resource utilization in the client-server environment. From experience I can say that so far I have seen only cases when the application developers and the Database developers are on their own and do not ask questions about the other party’s world. I would recommend using the Client Statistics tool during new development to track the performance of the queries, and also to find a synchronous way of utilizing resources between the client – server – client. Here is another example: think about similar setup as above, but add another server to the game. Let’s say that we keep our media on a separate server, and together with the data from our SQL Server we need to display some images on the webpage requested by our user. No matter how simple or complicated the logic to get the images is, if the images are 500kb each our users will get the page slowly and they will still think that there is something wrong with our data. Anyway, I don’t mean to get carried away too far from SQL Server. Instead, what I would like to say is that DBAs should also be aware of ‘the big picture’. I wrote a blog post a while back on this topic, and if you are interested, you can read it here about the big picture. And finally, here are some guidelines for monitoring the network performance and improving it: Run a trace and outline all queries that return more than 1000 rows (in Profiler you can actually filter and sort the captured trace by number of returned rows). This is not a set number; it is more of a guideline. The general thought is that no application user can consume that many rows at once. Ask yourself and your fellow-developers: ‘why?’. Monitor your network counters in Perfmon: Network Interface:Output queue length, Redirector:Network errors/sec, TCPv4: Segments retransmitted/sec and so on. Make sure to establish a good friendship with your network administrator (buy them coffee, for example J ) and get into a conversation about the network settings. Have them explain to you how the network cards are setup – are they standalone, are they ‘teamed’, what are the settings – full duplex and so on. Find some time to read a bit about networking. In this short blog post I hope I have turned your attention to ‘the big picture’ and the fact that there are other factors affecting our SQL Server, aside from its internal workings. As a further reading I would still highly recommend the Wait Stats series on this blog, also I would recommend you have the coffee break conversation with your network admin as soon as possible. This guest post is written by Feodor Georgiev. Read all the post in the Wait Types and Queue series. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, Readers Contribution, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Stats, SQL Wait Types, T SQL

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• A whole site for reviewing of SQL Server MVP Deep Dives

  - by Rob Farley

  This book just keeps amazing me. Not only as I read through some chapters for the first time, and others for the second and third times, but also as I read reviews of it written by other people. The guys over at http://sqlperspectives.wordpress.com are a prime example. They’ve been going through each chapter, each writing a review on it, and often getting a guest blogger to write something as well – and they’re clearly getting a lot of stuff out of this brilliant book. Back when I first heard about them doing this, I had offered to be involved, and recently did an interview with them about my chapters (chapter seven and chapter forty). That interview can be found at http://sqlperspectives.wordpress.com/2010/03/20/interview-with-rob-farley/ – and covers how I got into databases, and how I think the database roles in the IT industry are changing. If you don’t have a copy of SQL Server MVP Deep Dives yet, why not get a copy from http://www.sqlservermvpdeepdives.com (or persuade your local bookstore to get some copies in), and read through chapters with these guys? Treat it like a book club, discussing each chapter with others (guest blogging perhaps?), and you’ll probably end up getting even more out of it. Remember that the proceeds of the book go to charity (instead of the authors – we get nothing), so you don’t need to consider that you’re splashing out on a treat for yourself. Think of the kids helped by War Child instead. Share this post: email it! | bookmark it! | digg it! | reddit! | kick it! | live it!

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• Error in running script [closed]

  - by SWEngineer

  I'm trying to run heathusf_v1.1.0.tar.gz found here I installed tcsh to make build_heathusf work. But, when I run ./build_heathusf, I get the following (I'm running that on a Fedora Linux system from Terminal): $ ./build_heathusf Compiling programs to build a library of image processing functions. convexpolyscan.c: In function ‘cdelete’: convexpolyscan.c:346:5: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘bcopy’ [enabled by default] myalloc.c: In function ‘mycalloc’: myalloc.c:68:16: error: invalid storage class for function ‘store_link’ myalloc.c: In function ‘mymalloc’: myalloc.c:101:16: error: invalid storage class for function ‘store_link’ myalloc.c: In function ‘myfree’: myalloc.c:129:27: error: invalid storage class for function ‘find_link’ myalloc.c:131:12: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast [enabled by default] myalloc.c: At top level: myalloc.c:150:13: warning: conflicting types for ‘store_link’ [enabled by default] myalloc.c:150:13: error: static declaration of ‘store_link’ follows non-static declaration myalloc.c:91:4: note: previous implicit declaration of ‘store_link’ was here myalloc.c:164:24: error: conflicting types for ‘find_link’ myalloc.c:131:14: note: previous implicit declaration of ‘find_link’ was here Building the mammogram resizing program. gcc -O2 -I. -I../common mkimage.o -o mkimage -L../common -lmammo -lm ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate': aggregate.c:(.text+0x7fa): undefined reference to `mycalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0x81c): undefined reference to `mycalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0x868): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate_median': aggregate.c:(.text+0xbc5): undefined reference to `mymalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0xbfb): undefined reference to `mycalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0xc3c): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate': aggregate.c:(.text+0x9b5): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate_median': aggregate.c:(.text+0xd85): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `linear_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x29e): undefined reference to `mymalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x342): undefined reference to `mycalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x383): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `log10_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x693): undefined reference to `mymalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x74f): undefined reference to `mycalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x790): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `map_with_ushort_lut': optical_density.c:(.text+0xb2e): undefined reference to `mymalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0xb87): undefined reference to `mycalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0xbc6): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `linear_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x4d9): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `log10_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x8f1): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `map_with_ushort_lut': optical_density.c:(.text+0xd0d): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(virtual_image.o): In function `deallocate_cached_image': virtual_image.c:(.text+0x3dc6): undefined reference to `myfree' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x3dd7): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(virtual_image.o):virtual_image.c:(.text+0x3de5): more undefined references to `myfree' follow ../common/libmammo.a(virtual_image.o): In function `allocate_cached_image': virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4233): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4253): undefined reference to `mymalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4275): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x42e7): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x44f9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x47a9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4a45): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4af4): undefined reference to `myfree' collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [mkimage] Error 1 Building the breast segmentation program. gcc -O2 -I. -I../common breastsegment.o segment.o -o breastsegment -L../common -lmammo -lm breastsegment.o: In function `render_segmentation_sketch': breastsegment.c:(.text+0x43): undefined reference to `mycalloc' breastsegment.c:(.text+0x58): undefined reference to `mycalloc' breastsegment.c:(.text+0x12f): undefined reference to `mycalloc' breastsegment.c:(.text+0x1b9): undefined reference to `myfree' breastsegment.c:(.text+0x1c6): undefined reference to `myfree' breastsegment.c:(.text+0x1e1): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.o: In function `find_center': segment.c:(.text+0x53): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x71): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x387): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.o: In function `bordercode': segment.c:(.text+0x4ac): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x546): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x651): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x691): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.o: In function `estimate_tissue_image': segment.c:(.text+0x10d4): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x14da): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x1698): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x1834): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x1850): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.o:segment.c:(.text+0x186a): more undefined references to `mycalloc' follow segment.o: In function `estimate_tissue_image': segment.c:(.text+0x1bbc): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.c:(.text+0x1c4a): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x1c7c): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x1d8e): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.c:(.text+0x1d9b): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.c:(.text+0x1da8): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.c:(.text+0x1dba): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.c:(.text+0x1dc9): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.o:segment.c:(.text+0x1dd8): more undefined references to `myfree' follow segment.o: In function `estimate_tissue_image': segment.c:(.text+0x20bf): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.o: In function `segment_breast': segment.c:(.text+0x24cd): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.o: In function `find_center': segment.c:(.text+0x3a4): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.o: In function `bordercode': segment.c:(.text+0x6ac): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate': aggregate.c:(.text+0x7fa): undefined reference to `mycalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0x81c): undefined reference to `mycalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0x868): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate_median': aggregate.c:(.text+0xbc5): undefined reference to `mymalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0xbfb): undefined reference to `mycalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0xc3c): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate': aggregate.c:(.text+0x9b5): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate_median': aggregate.c:(.text+0xd85): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(cc_label.o): In function `cc_label': cc_label.c:(.text+0x20c): undefined reference to `mycalloc' cc_label.c:(.text+0x6c2): undefined reference to `mycalloc' cc_label.c:(.text+0xbaa): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(cc_label.o): In function `cc_label_0bkgd': cc_label.c:(.text+0xe17): undefined reference to `mycalloc' cc_label.c:(.text+0x12d7): undefined reference to `mycalloc' cc_label.c:(.text+0x17e7): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(cc_label.o): In function `cc_relabel_by_intensity': cc_label.c:(.text+0x18c5): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(cc_label.o): In function `cc_label_4connect': cc_label.c:(.text+0x1cf0): undefined reference to `mycalloc' cc_label.c:(.text+0x2195): undefined reference to `mycalloc' cc_label.c:(.text+0x26a4): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(cc_label.o): In function `cc_relabel_by_intensity': cc_label.c:(.text+0x1b06): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(convexpolyscan.o): In function `polyscan_coords': convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x6f0): undefined reference to `mycalloc' convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x75f): undefined reference to `mycalloc' convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x7ab): undefined reference to `myfree' convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x7b8): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(convexpolyscan.o): In function `polyscan_poly_cacheim': convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x805): undefined reference to `mycalloc' convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x894): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(mikesfileio.o): In function `read_segmentation_file': mikesfileio.c:(.text+0x1e9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' mikesfileio.c:(.text+0x205): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `linear_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x29e): undefined reference to `mymalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x342): undefined reference to `mycalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x383): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `log10_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x693): undefined reference to `mymalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x74f): undefined reference to `mycalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x790): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `map_with_ushort_lut': optical_density.c:(.text+0xb2e): undefined reference to `mymalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0xb87): undefined reference to `mycalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0xbc6): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `linear_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x4d9): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `log10_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x8f1): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `map_with_ushort_lut': optical_density.c:(.text+0xd0d): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(virtual_image.o): In function `deallocate_cached_image': virtual_image.c:(.text+0x3dc6): undefined reference to `myfree' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x3dd7): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(virtual_image.o):virtual_image.c:(.text+0x3de5): more undefined references to `myfree' follow ../common/libmammo.a(virtual_image.o): In function `allocate_cached_image': virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4233): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4253): undefined reference to `mymalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4275): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x42e7): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x44f9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x47a9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4a45): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4af4): undefined reference to `myfree' collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [breastsegment] Error 1 Building the mass feature generation program. gcc -O2 -I. -I../common afumfeature.o -o afumfeature -L../common -lmammo -lm afumfeature.o: In function `afum_process': afumfeature.c:(.text+0xd80): undefined reference to `mycalloc' afumfeature.c:(.text+0xd9c): undefined reference to `mycalloc' afumfeature.c:(.text+0xe80): undefined reference to `mycalloc' afumfeature.c:(.text+0x11f8): undefined reference to `myfree' afumfeature.c:(.text+0x1207): undefined reference to `myfree' afumfeature.c:(.text+0x1214): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate': aggregate.c:(.text+0x7fa): undefined reference to `mycalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0x81c): undefined reference to `mycalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0x868): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate_median': aggregate.c:(.text+0xbc5): undefined reference to `mymalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0xbfb): undefined reference to `mycalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0xc3c): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate': aggregate.c:(.text+0x9b5): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate_median': aggregate.c:(.text+0xd85): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(convexpolyscan.o): In function `polyscan_coords': convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x6f0): undefined reference to `mycalloc' convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x75f): undefined reference to `mycalloc' convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x7ab): undefined reference to `myfree' convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x7b8): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(convexpolyscan.o): In function `polyscan_poly_cacheim': convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x805): undefined reference to `mycalloc' convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x894): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(mikesfileio.o): In function `read_segmentation_file': mikesfileio.c:(.text+0x1e9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' mikesfileio.c:(.text+0x205): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `linear_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x29e): undefined reference to `mymalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x342): undefined reference to `mycalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x383): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `log10_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x693): undefined reference to `mymalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x74f): undefined reference to `mycalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x790): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `map_with_ushort_lut': optical_density.c:(.text+0xb2e): undefined reference to `mymalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0xb87): undefined reference to `mycalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0xbc6): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `linear_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x4d9): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `log10_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x8f1): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `map_with_ushort_lut': optical_density.c:(.text+0xd0d): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(virtual_image.o): In function `deallocate_cached_image': virtual_image.c:(.text+0x3dc6): undefined reference to `myfree' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x3dd7): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(virtual_image.o):virtual_image.c:(.text+0x3de5): more undefined references to `myfree' follow ../common/libmammo.a(virtual_image.o): In function `allocate_cached_image': virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4233): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4253): undefined reference to `mymalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4275): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x42e7): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x44f9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x47a9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4a45): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4af4): undefined reference to `myfree' collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [afumfeature] Error 1 Building the mass detection program. make: Nothing to be done for `all'. Building the performance evaluation program. gcc -O2 -I. -I../common DDSMeval.o polyscan.o -o DDSMeval -L../common -lmammo -lm ../common/libmammo.a(mikesfileio.o): In function `read_segmentation_file': mikesfileio.c:(.text+0x1e9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' mikesfileio.c:(.text+0x205): undefined reference to `mycalloc' collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [DDSMeval] Error 1 Building the template creation program. gcc -O2 -I. -I../common mktemplate.o polyscan.o -o mktemplate -L../common -lmammo -lm Building the drawimage program. gcc -O2 -I. -I../common drawimage.o -o drawimage -L../common -lmammo -lm ../common/libmammo.a(mikesfileio.o): In function `read_segmentation_file': mikesfileio.c:(.text+0x1e9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' mikesfileio.c:(.text+0x205): undefined reference to `mycalloc' collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [drawimage] Error 1 Building the compression/decompression program jpeg. gcc -O2 -DSYSV -DNOTRUNCATE -c lexer.c lexer.c:41:1: error: initializer element is not constant lexer.c:41:1: error: (near initialization for ‘yyin’) lexer.c:41:1: error: initializer element is not constant lexer.c:41:1: error: (near initialization for ‘yyout’) lexer.c: In function ‘initparser’: lexer.c:387:21: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘strlen’ [enabled by default] lexer.c: In function ‘MakeLink’: lexer.c:443:16: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘malloc’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:447:7: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:452:7: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:455:34: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘calloc’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:458:7: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:460:3: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘strcpy’ [enabled by default] lexer.c: In function ‘getstr’: lexer.c:548:26: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘malloc’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:552:4: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:557:21: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘calloc’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:557:28: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘strlen’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:561:7: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c: In function ‘parser’: lexer.c:794:21: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘calloc’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:798:8: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1074:21: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘calloc’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1078:8: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1116:21: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘calloc’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1120:8: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1154:25: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘calloc’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1158:5: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1190:5: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1247:25: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘calloc’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1251:5: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1283:5: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c: In function ‘yylook’: lexer.c:1867:9: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] lexer.c:1867:20: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] lexer.c:1877:12: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] lexer.c:1877:23: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] make: *** [lexer.o] Error 1

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• SQL SERVER – Guest Post – Jonathan Kehayias – Wait Type – Day 16 of 28

  - by pinaldave

  Jonathan Kehayias (Blog | Twitter) is a MCITP Database Administrator and Developer, who got started in SQL Server in 2004 as a database developer and report writer in the natural gas industry. After spending two and a half years working in TSQL, in late 2006, he transitioned to the role of SQL Database Administrator. His primary passion is performance tuning, where he frequently rewrites queries for better performance and performs in depth analysis of index implementation and usage. Jonathan blogs regularly on SQLBlog, and was a coauthor of Professional SQL Server 2008 Internals and Troubleshooting. On a personal note, I think Jonathan is extremely positive person. In every conversation with him I have found that he is always eager to help and encourage. Every time he finds something needs to be approved, he has contacted me without hesitation and guided me to improve, change and learn. During all the time, he has not lost his focus to help larger community. I am honored that he has accepted to provide his views on complex subject of Wait Types and Queues. Currently I am reading his series on Extended Events. Here is the guest blog post by Jonathan: SQL Server troubleshooting is all about correlating related pieces of information together to indentify where exactly the root cause of a problem lies. In my daily work as a DBA, I generally get phone calls like, “So and so application is slow, what’s wrong with the SQL Server.” One of the funny things about the letters DBA is that they go so well with Default Blame Acceptor, and I really wish that I knew exactly who the first person was that pointed that out to me, because it really fits at times. A lot of times when I get this call, the problem isn’t related to SQL Server at all, but every now and then in my initial quick checks, something pops up that makes me start looking at things further. The SQL Server is slow, we see a number of tasks waiting on ASYNC_IO_COMPLETION, IO_COMPLETION, or PAGEIOLATCH_* waits in sys.dm_exec_requests and sys.dm_exec_waiting_tasks. These are also some of the highest wait types in sys.dm_os_wait_stats for the server, so it would appear that we have a disk I/O bottleneck on the machine. A quick check of sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats() and tempdb shows a high write stall rate, while our user databases show high read stall rates on the data files. A quick check of some performance counters and Page Life Expectancy on the server is bouncing up and down in the 50-150 range, the Free Page counter consistently hits zero, and the Free List Stalls/sec counter keeps jumping over 10, but Buffer Cache Hit Ratio is 98-99%. Where exactly is the problem? In this case, which happens to be based on a real scenario I faced a few years back, the problem may not be a disk bottleneck at all; it may very well be a memory pressure issue on the server. A quick check of the system spec’s and it is a dual duo core server with 8GB RAM running SQL Server 2005 SP1 x64 on Windows Server 2003 R2 x64. Max Server memory is configured at 6GB and we think that this should be enough to handle the workload; or is it? This is a unique scenario because there are a couple of things happening inside of this system, and they all relate to what the root cause of the performance problem is on the system. If we were to query sys.dm_exec_query_stats for the TOP 10 queries, by max_physical_reads, max_logical_reads, and max_worker_time, we may be able to find some queries that were using excessive I/O and possibly CPU against the system in their worst single execution. We can also CROSS APPLY to sys.dm_exec_sql_text() and see the statement text, and also CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_query_plan() to get the execution plan stored in cache. Ok, quick check, the plans are pretty big, I see some large index seeks, that estimate 2.8GB of data movement between operators, but everything looks like it is optimized the best it can be. Nothing really stands out in the code, and the indexing looks correct, and I should have enough memory to handle this in cache, so it must be a disk I/O problem right? Not exactly! If we were to look at how much memory the plan cache is taking by querying sys.dm_os_memory_clerks for the CACHESTORE_SQLCP and CACHESTORE_OBJCP clerks we might be surprised at what we find. In SQL Server 2005 RTM and SP1, the plan cache was allowed to take up to 75% of the memory under 8GB. I’ll give you a second to go back and read that again. Yes, you read it correctly, it says 75% of the memory under 8GB, but you don’t have to take my word for it, you can validate this by reading Changes in Caching Behavior between SQL Server 2000, SQL Server 2005 RTM and SQL Server 2005 SP2. In this scenario the application uses an entirely adhoc workload against SQL Server and this leads to plan cache bloat, and up to 4.5GB of our 6GB of memory for SQL can be consumed by the plan cache in SQL Server 2005 SP1. This in turn reduces the size of the buffer cache to just 1.5GB, causing our 2.8GB of data movement in this expensive plan to cause complete flushing of the buffer cache, not just once initially, but then another time during the queries execution, resulting in excessive physical I/O from disk. Keep in mind that this is not the only query executing at the time this occurs. Remember the output of sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats() showed high read stalls on the data files for our user databases versus higher write stalls for tempdb? The memory pressure is also forcing heavier use of tempdb to handle sorting and hashing in the environment as well. The real clue here is the Memory counters for the instance; Page Life Expectancy, Free List Pages, and Free List Stalls/sec. The fact that Page Life Expectancy is fluctuating between 50 and 150 constantly is a sign that the buffer cache is experiencing constant churn of data, once every minute to two and a half minutes. If you add to the Page Life Expectancy counter, the consistent bottoming out of Free List Pages along with Free List Stalls/sec consistently spiking over 10, and you have the perfect memory pressure scenario. All of sudden it may not be that our disk subsystem is the problem, but is instead an innocent bystander and victim. Side Note: The Page Life Expectancy counter dropping briefly and then returning to normal operating values intermittently is not necessarily a sign that the server is under memory pressure. The Books Online and a number of other references will tell you that this counter should remain on average above 300 which is the time in seconds a page will remain in cache before being flushed or aged out. This number, which equates to just five minutes, is incredibly low for modern systems and most published documents pre-date the predominance of 64 bit computing and easy availability to larger amounts of memory in SQL Servers. As food for thought, consider that my personal laptop has more memory in it than most SQL Servers did at the time those numbers were posted. I would argue that today, a system churning the buffer cache every five minutes is in need of some serious tuning or a hardware upgrade. Back to our problem and its investigation: There are two things really wrong with this server; first the plan cache is excessively consuming memory and bloated in size and we need to look at that and second we need to evaluate upgrading the memory to accommodate the workload being performed. In the case of the server I was working on there were a lot of single use plans found in sys.dm_exec_cached_plans (where usecounts=1). Single use plans waste space in the plan cache, especially when they are adhoc plans for statements that had concatenated filter criteria that is not likely to reoccur with any frequency.  SQL Server 2005 doesn’t natively have a way to evict a single plan from cache like SQL Server 2008 does, but MVP Kalen Delaney, showed a hack to evict a single plan by creating a plan guide for the statement and then dropping that plan guide in her blog post Geek City: Clearing a Single Plan from Cache. We could put that hack in place in a job to automate cleaning out all the single use plans periodically, minimizing the size of the plan cache, but a better solution would be to fix the application so that it uses proper parameterized calls to the database. You didn’t write the app, and you can’t change its design? Ok, well you could try to force parameterization to occur by creating and keeping plan guides in place, or we can try forcing parameterization at the database level by using ALTER DATABASE <dbname> SET PARAMETERIZATION FORCED and that might help. If neither of these help, we could periodically dump the plan cache for that database, as discussed as being a problem in Kalen’s blog post referenced above; not an ideal scenario. The other option is to increase the memory on the server to 16GB or 32GB, if the hardware allows it, which will increase the size of the plan cache as well as the buffer cache. In SQL Server 2005 SP1, on a system with 16GB of memory, if we set max server memory to 14GB the plan cache could use at most 9GB  [(8GB*.75)+(6GB*.5)=(6+3)=9GB], leaving 5GB for the buffer cache.  If we went to 32GB of memory and set max server memory to 28GB, the plan cache could use at most 16GB [(8*.75)+(20*.5)=(6+10)=16GB], leaving 12GB for the buffer cache. Thankfully we have SQL Server 2005 Service Pack 2, 3, and 4 these days which include the changes in plan cache sizing discussed in the Changes to Caching Behavior between SQL Server 2000, SQL Server 2005 RTM and SQL Server 2005 SP2 blog post. In real life, when I was troubleshooting this problem, I spent a week trying to chase down the cause of the disk I/O bottleneck with our Server Admin and SAN Admin, and there wasn’t much that could be done immediately there, so I finally asked if we could increase the memory on the server to 16GB, which did fix the problem. It wasn’t until I had this same problem occur on another system that I actually figured out how to really troubleshoot this down to the root cause.  I couldn’t believe the size of the plan cache on the server with 16GB of memory when I actually learned about this and went back to look at it. SQL Server is constantly telling a story to anyone that will listen. As the DBA, you have to sit back and listen to all that it’s telling you and then evaluate the big picture and how all the data you can gather from SQL about performance relate to each other. One of the greatest tools out there is actually a free in the form of Diagnostic Scripts for SQL Server 2005 and 2008, created by MVP Glenn Alan Berry. Glenn’s scripts collect a majority of the information that SQL has to offer for rapid troubleshooting of problems, and he includes a lot of notes about what the outputs of each individual query might be telling you. When I read Pinal’s blog post SQL SERVER – ASYNC_IO_COMPLETION – Wait Type – Day 11 of 28, I noticed that he referenced Checking Memory Related Performance Counters in his post, but there was no real explanation about why checking memory counters is so important when looking at an I/O related wait type. I thought I’d chat with him briefly on Google Talk/Twitter DM and point this out, and offer a couple of other points I noted, so that he could add the information to his blog post if he found it useful.  Instead he asked that I write a guest blog for this. I am honored to be a guest blogger, and to be able to share this kind of information with the community. The information contained in this blog post is a glimpse at how I do troubleshooting almost every day of the week in my own environment. SQL Server provides us with a lot of information about how it is running, and where it may be having problems, it is up to us to play detective and find out how all that information comes together to tell us what’s really the problem. This blog post is written by Jonathan Kehayias (Blog | Twitter). Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: MVP, Pinal Dave, PostADay, Readers Contribution, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Stats, SQL Wait Types, T SQL, Technology

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• How to Reuse Your Old Wi-Fi Router as a Network Switch

  - by Jason Fitzpatrick

  Just because your old Wi-Fi router has been replaced by a newer model doesn’t mean it needs to gather dust in the closet. Read on as we show you how to take an old and underpowered Wi-Fi router and turn it into a respectable network switch (saving your $20 in the process). Image by mmgallan. Why Do I Want To Do This? Wi-Fi technology has changed significantly in the last ten years but Ethernet-based networking has changed very little. As such, a Wi-Fi router with 2006-era guts is lagging significantly behind current Wi-Fi router technology, but the Ethernet networking component of the device is just as useful as ever; aside from potentially being only 100Mbs instead of 1000Mbs capable (which for 99% of home applications is irrelevant) Ethernet is Ethernet. What does this matter to you, the consumer? It means that even though your old router doesn’t hack it for your Wi-Fi needs any longer the device is still a perfectly serviceable (and high quality) network switch. When do you need a network switch? Any time you want to share an Ethernet cable among multiple devices, you need a switch. For example, let’s say you have a single Ethernet wall jack behind your entertainment center. Unfortunately you have four devices that you want to link to your local network via hardline including your smart HDTV, DVR, Xbox, and a little Raspberry Pi running XBMC. Instead of spending $20-30 to purchase a brand new switch of comparable build quality to your old Wi-Fi router it makes financial sense (and is environmentally friendly) to invest five minutes of your time tweaking the settings on the old router to turn it from a Wi-Fi access point and routing tool into a network switch–perfect for dropping behind your entertainment center so that your DVR, Xbox, and media center computer can all share an Ethernet connection. What Do I Need? For this tutorial you’ll need a few things, all of which you likely have readily on hand or are free for download. To follow the basic portion of the tutorial, you’ll need the following: 1 Wi-Fi router with Ethernet ports 1 Computer with Ethernet jack 1 Ethernet cable For the advanced tutorial you’ll need all of those things, plus: 1 copy of DD-WRT firmware for your Wi-Fi router We’re conducting the experiment with a Linksys WRT54GL Wi-Fi router. The WRT54 series is one of the best selling Wi-Fi router series of all time and there’s a good chance a significant number of readers have one (or more) of them stuffed in an office closet. Even if you don’t have one of the WRT54 series routers, however, the principles we’re outlining here apply to all Wi-Fi routers; as long as your router administration panel allows the necessary changes you can follow right along with us. A quick note on the difference between the basic and advanced versions of this tutorial before we proceed. Your typical Wi-Fi router has 5 Ethernet ports on the back: 1 labeled “Internet”, “WAN”, or a variation thereof and intended to be connected to your DSL/Cable modem, and 4 labeled 1-4 intended to connect Ethernet devices like computers, printers, and game consoles directly to the Wi-Fi router. When you convert a Wi-Fi router to a switch, in most situations, you’ll lose two port as the “Internet” port cannot be used as a normal switch port and one of the switch ports becomes the input port for the Ethernet cable linking the switch to the main network. This means, referencing the diagram above, you’d lose the WAN port and LAN port 1, but retain LAN ports 2, 3, and 4 for use. If you only need to switch for 2-3 devices this may be satisfactory. However, for those of you that would prefer a more traditional switch setup where there is a dedicated WAN port and the rest of the ports are accessible, you’ll need to flash a third-party router firmware like the powerful DD-WRT onto your device. Doing so opens up the router to a greater degree of modification and allows you to assign the previously reserved WAN port to the switch, thus opening up LAN ports 1-4. Even if you don’t intend to use that extra port, DD-WRT offers you so many more options that it’s worth the extra few steps. Preparing Your Router for Life as a Switch Before we jump right in to shutting down the Wi-Fi functionality and repurposing your device as a network switch, there are a few important prep steps to attend to. First, you want to reset the router (if you just flashed a new firmware to your router, skip this step). Following the reset procedures for your particular router or go with what is known as the “Peacock Method” wherein you hold down the reset button for thirty seconds, unplug the router and wait (while still holding the reset button) for thirty seconds, and then plug it in while, again, continuing to hold down the rest button. Over the life of a router there are a variety of changes made, big and small, so it’s best to wipe them all back to the factory default before repurposing the router as a switch. Second, after resetting, we need to change the IP address of the device on the local network to an address which does not directly conflict with the new router. The typical default IP address for a home router is 192.168.1.1; if you ever need to get back into the administration panel of the router-turned-switch to check on things or make changes it will be a real hassle if the IP address of the device conflicts with the new home router. The simplest way to deal with this is to assign an address close to the actual router address but outside the range of addresses that your router will assign via the DHCP client; a good pick then is 192.168.1.2. Once the router is reset (or re-flashed) and has been assigned a new IP address, it’s time to configure it as a switch. Basic Router to Switch Configuration If you don’t want to (or need to) flash new firmware onto your device to open up that extra port, this is the section of the tutorial for you: we’ll cover how to take a stock router, our previously mentioned WRT54 series Linksys, and convert it to a switch. Hook the Wi-Fi router up to the network via one of the LAN ports (consider the WAN port as good as dead from this point forward, unless you start using the router in its traditional function again or later flash a more advanced firmware to the device, the port is officially retired at this point). Open the administration control panel via  web browser on a connected computer. Before we get started two things: first,  anything we don’t explicitly instruct you to change should be left in the default factory-reset setting as you find it, and two, change the settings in the order we list them as some settings can’t be changed after certain features are disabled. To start, let’s navigate to Setup ->Basic Setup. Here you need to change the following things: Local IP Address: [different than the primary router, e.g. 192.168.1.2] Subnet Mask: [same as the primary router, e.g. 255.255.255.0] DHCP Server: Disable Save with the “Save Settings” button and then navigate to Setup -> Advanced Routing: Operating Mode: Router This particular setting is very counterintuitive. The “Operating Mode” toggle tells the device whether or not it should enable the Network Address Translation (NAT)  feature. Because we’re turning a smart piece of networking hardware into a relatively dumb one, we don’t need this feature so we switch from Gateway mode (NAT on) to Router mode (NAT off). Our next stop is Wireless -> Basic Wireless Settings: Wireless SSID Broadcast: Disable Wireless Network Mode: Disabled After disabling the wireless we’re going to, again, do something counterintuitive. Navigate to Wireless -> Wireless Security and set the following parameters: Security Mode: WPA2 Personal WPA Algorithms: TKIP+AES WPA Shared Key: [select some random string of letters, numbers, and symbols like JF#d$di!Hdgio890] Now you may be asking yourself, why on Earth are we setting a rather secure Wi-Fi configuration on a Wi-Fi router we’re not going to use as a Wi-Fi node? On the off chance that something strange happens after, say, a power outage when your router-turned-switch cycles on and off a bunch of times and the Wi-Fi functionality is activated we don’t want to be running the Wi-Fi node wide open and granting unfettered access to your network. While the chances of this are next-to-nonexistent, it takes only a few seconds to apply the security measure so there’s little reason not to. Save your changes and navigate to Security ->Firewall. Uncheck everything but Filter Multicast Firewall Protect: Disable At this point you can save your changes again, review the changes you’ve made to ensure they all stuck, and then deploy your “new” switch wherever it is needed. Advanced Router to Switch Configuration For the advanced configuration, you’ll need a copy of DD-WRT installed on your router. Although doing so is an extra few steps, it gives you a lot more control over the process and liberates an extra port on the device. Hook the Wi-Fi router up to the network via one of the LAN ports (later you can switch the cable to the WAN port). Open the administration control panel via web browser on the connected computer. Navigate to the Setup -> Basic Setup tab to get started. In the Basic Setup tab, ensure the following settings are adjusted. The setting changes are not optional and are required to turn the Wi-Fi router into a switch. WAN Connection Type: Disabled Local IP Address: [different than the primary router, e.g. 192.168.1.2] Subnet Mask: [same as the primary router, e.g. 255.255.255.0] DHCP Server: Disable In addition to disabling the DHCP server, also uncheck all the DNSMasq boxes as the bottom of the DHCP sub-menu. If you want to activate the extra port (and why wouldn’t you), in the WAN port section: Assign WAN Port to Switch [X] At this point the router has become a switch and you have access to the WAN port so the LAN ports are all free. Since we’re already in the control panel, however, we might as well flip a few optional toggles that further lock down the switch and prevent something odd from happening. The optional settings are arranged via the menu you find them in. Remember to save your settings with the save button before moving onto a new tab. While still in the Setup -> Basic Setup menu, change the following: Gateway/Local DNS : [IP address of primary router, e.g. 192.168.1.1] NTP Client : Disable The next step is to turn off the radio completely (which not only kills the Wi-Fi but actually powers the physical radio chip off). Navigate to Wireless -> Advanced Settings -> Radio Time Restrictions: Radio Scheduling: Enable Select “Always Off” There’s no need to create a potential security problem by leaving the Wi-Fi radio on, the above toggle turns it completely off. Under Services -> Services: DNSMasq : Disable ttraff Daemon : Disable Under the Security -> Firewall tab, uncheck every box except “Filter Multicast”, as seen in the screenshot above, and then disable SPI Firewall. Once you’re done here save and move on to the Administration tab. Under Administration -> Management:  Info Site Password Protection : Enable Info Site MAC Masking : Disable CRON : Disable 802.1x : Disable Routing : Disable After this final round of tweaks, save and then apply your settings. Your router has now been, strategically, dumbed down enough to plod along as a very dependable little switch. Time to stuff it behind your desk or entertainment center and streamline your cabling.     

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• Linux Kernel not upgraded (from Ubuntu 12.04 to 12.10) - can't remove old kernels and can't install new apps

  - by Tony Breyal

  Question: How do I remove old kernel images which refuse to be removed? Context: Yesterday I upgraded Ubuntu from 12.04 to 12.10. However, the linux kernel has not upgraded from 3.2 to 3.5 as I would have expected. $ uname -r 3.2.0-32-generic $ uname -a Linux tony-b 3.2.0-32-generic #51-Ubuntu SMP Wed Sep 26 21:33:09 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux $ cat /proc/version Linux version 3.2.0-32-generic (buildd@batsu) (gcc version 4.6.3 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5) ) #51-Ubuntu SMP Wed Sep 26 21:33:09 UTC 2012 Not sure why that happened there. I wanted to install Audacity (v2.0.1-1_amd64) to edit a lecture audio file. When trying this operation through Ubuntu Software Center, it says that to install audacity, four items will need to be removed: linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic So I click "Install Anyway" but it fails with the following output: installArchives() failed: (Reading database ... (Reading database ... 5% (Reading database ... 10% (Reading database ... 15% (Reading database ... 20% (Reading database ... 25% (Reading database ... 30% (Reading database ... 35% (Reading database ... 40% (Reading database ... 45% (Reading database ... 50% (Reading database ... 55% (Reading database ... 60% (Reading database ... 65% (Reading database ... 70% (Reading database ... 75% (Reading database ... 80% (Reading database ... 85% (Reading database ... 90% (Reading database ... 95% (Reading database ... 100% (Reading database ... 259675 files and directories currently installed.) Removing linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic ... Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-27-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-27-generic update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-27-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-27-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-27-generic Generating grub.cfg ... run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 1 Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic.postrm line 328. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic (--remove): subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Removing linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic ... Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-29-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-29-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic Generating grub.cfg ... run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 1 Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic.postrm line 328. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic (--remove): subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Removing linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic ... Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-30-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-30-generic update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-30-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-30-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-30-generic Generating grub.cfg ... run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 1 Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic.postrm line 328. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic (--remove): subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Removing linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic ... Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-31-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-31-generic update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-31-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-31-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-31-generic Generating grub.cfg ... run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 1 Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic.postrm line 328. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic (--remove): subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Errors were encountered while processing: linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic Error in function: Setting up grub-pc (2.00-7ubuntu11) ... /usr/sbin/grub-bios-setup: warning: Sector 32 is already in use by the program `FlexNet'; avoiding it. This software may cause boot or other problems in future. Please ask its authors not to store data in the boot track. Installation finished. No error reported. Generating grub.cfg ... dpkg: error processing grub-pc (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 It seems I need to remove the old linux images somehow. I have tried this through (1) Synaptic, (2) Ubuntu Tweak, and (3) Computer Janitor. The first two fail, whilst Computer Janitor won't even open. The output from Synaptic is: E: linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic: subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1 E: linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic: subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1 E: linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic: subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1 E: linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic: subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1 How do I remove these old images? Thank you kindly in advance for any help on this matter. P.S. Further information: $ dpkg --list | grep linux-image rH linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic 3.2.0-27.43 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rH linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic 3.2.0-29.46 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rH linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic 3.2.0-30.48 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rH linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic 3.2.0-31.50 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.2.0-32-generic 3.2.0-32.51 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-17-generic 3.5.0-17.28 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-extra-3.5.0-17-generic 3.5.0-17.28 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-generic 3.5.0.17.19 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image But trying to remove using the command line fails too e.g.: $ sudo apt-get purge linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages will be REMOVED linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 4 to remove and 1 not upgraded. 5 not fully installed or removed. After this operation, 597 MB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y (Reading database ... 259675 files and directories currently installed.) Removing linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic ... Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-27-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-27-generic update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-27-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-27-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-27-generic Generating grub.cfg ... run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 1 Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic.postrm line 328. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic (--remove): subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports has already been reached Removing linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic ... Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-29-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-29-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic Generating grub.cfg ... run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 1 Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic.postrm line 328. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic (--remove): subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports has already been reached Removing linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic ... Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-30-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-30-generic update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-30-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-30-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-30-generic Generating grub.cfg ... run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 1 Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic.postrm line 328. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic (--remove): subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports has already been reached Removing linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic ... Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-31-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-31-generic update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-31-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-31-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-31-generic Generating grub.cfg ... run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 1 Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic.postrm line 328. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic (--remove): subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports has already been reached Errors were encountered while processing: linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

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• Oracle HRMS API –Update Employee Fed Tax Rule

  - by PRajkumar

  API --  pay_federal_tax_rule_api.update_fed_tax_rule Example -- DECLARE    lb_correction                              BOOLEAN;    lb_update                                   BOOLEAN;    lb_update_override                 BOOLEAN;    lb_update_change_insert      BOOLEAN;    ld_effective_start_date            DATE;    ld_effective_end_date             DATE;    ln_assignment_id                     NUMBER                    := 33561;    lc_dt_ud_mode                          VARCHAR2(100)     := NULL;    ln_object_version_number     NUMBER                    := 0;    ln_supp_tax_override_rate    PAY_US_EMP_FED_TAX_RULES_F.SUPP_TAX_OVERRIDE_RATE%TYPE;    ln_emp_fed_tax_rule_id         PAY_US_EMP_FED_TAX_RULES_F.EMP_FED_TAX_RULE_ID%TYPE; BEGIN    -- Find Date Track Mode    -- -------------------------------    dt_api.find_dt_upd_modes    (   -- Input data elements        -- ------------------------------       p_effective_date                   => TO_DATE('12-JUN-2011'),       p_base_table_name            => 'PER_ALL_ASSIGNMENTS_F',       p_base_key_column           => 'ASSIGNMENT_ID',       p_base_key_value               => ln_assignment_id,       -- Output data elements       -- -------------------------------       p_correction                          => lb_correction,       p_update                                => lb_update,       p_update_override              => lb_update_override,       p_update_change_insert   => lb_update_change_insert   );    IF ( lb_update_override = TRUE OR lb_update_change_insert = TRUE )  THEN      -- UPDATE_OVERRIDE      -- --------------------------------      lc_dt_ud_mode := 'UPDATE_OVERRIDE';  END IF;    IF ( lb_correction = TRUE )  THEN     -- CORRECTION     -- ----------------------     lc_dt_ud_mode := 'CORRECTION';  END IF;    IF ( lb_update = TRUE )  THEN      -- UPDATE      -- -------------      lc_dt_ud_mode := 'UPDATE';  END IF;       -- Update Employee Fed Tax Rule   -- ----------------------------------------------   pay_federal_tax_rule_api.update_fed_tax_rule   (   -- Input data elements       -- -----------------------------       p_effective_date                        => TO_DATE('20-JUN-2011'),       p_datetrack_update_mode   => lc_dt_ud_mode,       p_emp_fed_tax_rule_id         => 7417,       p_withholding_allowances  => 100,       p_fit_additional_tax                => 10,       p_fit_exempt                               => 'N',       p_supp_tax_override_rate     => 5,       -- Output data elements       -- --------------------------------      p_object_version_number       => ln_object_version_number,      p_effective_start_date               => ld_effective_start_date,      p_effective_end_date                => ld_effective_end_date   );    COMMIT; EXCEPTION           WHEN OTHERS THEN                          ROLLBACK;                          dbms_output.put_line(SQLERRM); END; / SHOW ERR;  

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• Revisiting ANTS Performance Profiler 7.4

  - by James Michael Hare

  Last year, I did a small review on the ANTS Performance Profiler 6.3, now that it’s a year later and a major version number higher, I thought I’d revisit the review and revise my last post. This post will take the same examples as the original post and update them to show what’s new in version 7.4 of the profiler. Background A performance profiler’s main job is to keep track of how much time is typically spent in each unit of code. This helps when we have a program that is not running at the performance we expect, and we want to know where the program is experiencing issues. There are many profilers out there of varying capabilities. Red Gate’s typically seem to be the very easy to “jump in” and get started with very little training required. So let’s dig into the Performance Profiler. I’ve constructed a very crude program with some obvious inefficiencies. It’s a simple program that generates random order numbers (or really could be any unique identifier), adds it to a list, sorts the list, then finds the max and min number in the list. Ignore the fact it’s very contrived and obviously inefficient, we just want to use it as an example to show off the tool: 1: // our test program 2: public static class Program 3: { 4: // the number of iterations to perform 5: private static int _iterations = 1000000; 6: 7: // The main method that controls it all 8: public static void Main() 9: { 10: var list = new List<string>(); 11: 12: for (int i = 0; i < _iterations; i++) 13: { 14: var x = GetNextId(); 15: 16: AddToList(list, x); 17: 18: var highLow = GetHighLow(list); 19: 20: if ((i % 1000) == 0) 21: { 22: Console.WriteLine("{0} - High: {1}, Low: {2}", i, highLow.Item1, highLow.Item2); 23: Console.Out.Flush(); 24: } 25: } 26: } 27: 28: // gets the next order id to process (random for us) 29: public static string GetNextId() 30: { 31: var random = new Random(); 32: var num = random.Next(1000000, 9999999); 33: return num.ToString(); 34: } 35: 36: // add it to our list - very inefficiently! 37: public static void AddToList(List<string> list, string item) 38: { 39: list.Add(item); 40: list.Sort(); 41: } 42: 43: // get high and low of order id range - very inefficiently! 44: public static Tuple<int,int> GetHighLow(List<string> list) 45: { 46: return Tuple.Create(list.Max(s => Convert.ToInt32(s)), list.Min(s => Convert.ToInt32(s))); 47: } 48: } So let’s run it through the profiler and see what happens! Visual Studio Integration First, let’s look at how the ANTS profilers integrate with Visual Studio’s menu system. Once you install the ANTS profilers, you will get an ANTS menu item with several options: Notice that you can either Profile Performance or Launch ANTS Performance Profiler. These sound similar but achieve two slightly different actions: Profile Performance: this immediately launches the profiler with all defaults selected to profile the active project in Visual Studio. Launch ANTS Performance Profiler: this launches the profiler much the same way as starting it from the Start Menu. The profiler will pre-populate the application and path information, but allow you to change the settings before beginning the profile run. So really, the main difference is that Profile Performance immediately begins profiling with the default selections, where Launch ANTS Performance Profiler allows you to change the defaults and attach to an already-running application. Let’s Fire it Up! So when you fire up ANTS either via Start Menu or Launch ANTS Performance Profiler menu in Visual Studio, you are presented with a very simple dialog to get you started: Notice you can choose from many different options for application type. You can profile executables, services, web applications, or just attach to a running process. In fact, in version 7.4 we see two new options added: ASP.NET Web Application (IIS Express) SharePoint web application (IIS) So this gives us an additional way to profile ASP.NET applications and the ability to profile SharePoint applications as well. You can also choose your level of detail in the Profiling Mode drop down. If you choose Line-Level and method-level timings detail, you will get a lot more detail on the method durations, but this will also slow down profiling somewhat. If you really need the profiler to be as unintrusive as possible, you can change it to Sample method-level timings. This is performing very light profiling, where basically the profiler collects timings of a method by examining the call-stack at given intervals. Which method you choose depends a lot on how much detail you need to find the issue and how sensitive your program issues are to timing. So for our example, let’s just go with the line and method timing detail. So, we check that all the options are correct (if you launch from VS2010, the executable and path are filled in already), and fire it up by clicking the [Start Profiling] button. Profiling the Application Once you start profiling the application, you will see a real-time graph of CPU usage that will indicate how much your application is using the CPU(s) on your system. During this time, you can select segments of the graph and bookmark them, giving them mnemonic names. This can be useful if you want to compare performance in one part of the run to another part of the run. Notice that once you select a block, it will give you the call tree breakdown for that selection only, and the relative performance of those calls. Once you feel you have collected enough information, you can click [Stop Profiling] to stop the application run and information collection and begin a more thorough analysis. Analyzing Method Timings So now that we’ve halted the run, we can look around the GUI and see what we can see. By default, the times are shown in terms of percentage of time of the total run of the application, though you can change it in the View menu item to milliseconds, ticks, or seconds as well. This won’t affect the percentages of methods, it only affects what units the times are shown. Notice also that the major hotspot seems to be in a method without source, ANTS Profiler will filter these out by default, but you can right-click on the line and remove the filter to see more detail. This proves especially handy when a bottleneck is due to a method in the BCL. So now that we’ve removed the filter, we see a bit more detail: In addition, ANTS Performance Profiler gives you the ability to decompile the methods without source so that you can dive even deeper, though typically this isn’t necessary for our purposes. When looking at timings, there are generally two types of timings for each method call: Time: This is the time spent ONLY in this method, not including calls this method makes to other methods. Time With Children: This is the total of time spent in both this method AND including calls this method makes to other methods. In other words, the Time tells you how much work is being done exclusively in this method, and the Time With Children tells you how much work is being done inclusively in this method and everything it calls. You can also choose to display the methods in a tree or in a grid. The tree view is the default and it shows the method calls arranged in terms of the tree representing all method calls and the parent method that called them, etc. This is useful for when you find a hot-spot method, you can see who is calling it to determine if the problem is the method itself, or if it is being called too many times. The grid method represents each method only once with its totals and is useful for quickly seeing what method is the trouble spot. In addition, you can choose to display Methods with source which are generally the methods you wrote (as opposed to native or BCL code), or Any Method which shows not only your methods, but also native calls, JIT overhead, synchronization waits, etc. So these are just two ways of viewing the same data, and you’re free to choose the organization that best suits what information you are after. Analyzing Method Source If we look at the timings above, we see that our AddToList() method (and in particular, it’s call to the List<T>.Sort() method in the BCL) is the hot-spot in this analysis. If ANTS sees a method that is consuming the most time, it will flag it as a hot-spot to help call out potential areas of concern. This doesn’t mean the other statistics aren’t meaningful, but that the hot-spot is most likely going to be your biggest bang-for-the-buck to concentrate on. So let’s select the AddToList() method, and see what it shows in the source window below: Notice the source breakout in the bottom pane when you select a method (from either tree or grid view). This shows you the timings in this method per line of code. This gives you a major indicator of where the trouble-spot in this method is. So in this case, we see that performing a Sort() on the List<T> after every Add() is killing our performance! Of course, this was a very contrived, duh moment, but you’d be surprised how many performance issues become duh moments. Note that this one line is taking up 86% of the execution time of this application! If we eliminate this bottleneck, we should see drastic improvement in the performance. So to fix this, if we still wanted to maintain the List<T> we’d have many options, including: delay Sort() until after all Add() methods, using a SortedSet, SortedList, or SortedDictionary depending on which is most appropriate, or forgoing the sorting all together and using a Dictionary. Rinse, Repeat! So let’s just change all instances of List<string> to SortedSet<string> and run this again through the profiler: Now we see the AddToList() method is no longer our hot-spot, but now the Max() and Min() calls are! This is good because we’ve eliminated one hot-spot and now we can try to correct this one as well. As before, we can then optimize this part of the code (possibly by taking advantage of the fact the list is now sorted and returning the first and last elements). We can then rinse and repeat this process until we have eliminated as many bottlenecks as possible. Calls by Web Request Another feature that was added recently is the ability to view .NET methods grouped by the HTTP requests that caused them to run. This can be helpful in determining which pages, web services, etc. are causing hot spots in your web applications. Summary If you like the other ANTS tools, you’ll like the ANTS Performance Profiler as well. It is extremely easy to use with very little product knowledge required to get up and running. There are profilers built into the higher product lines of Visual Studio, of course, which are also powerful and easy to use. But for quickly jumping in and finding hot spots rapidly, Red Gate’s Performance Profiler 7.4 is an excellent choice. Technorati Tags: Influencers,ANTS,Performance Profiler,Profiler

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• Advantages of SQL Backup Pro

  - by Grant Fritchey

  Getting backups of your databases in place is a fundamental issue for protection of the business. Yes, I said business, not data, not databases, but business. Because of a lack of good, tested, backups, companies have gone completely out of business or suffered traumatic financial loss. That’s just a simple fact (outlined with a few examples here). So you want to get backups right. That’s a big part of why we make Red Gate SQL Backup Pro work the way it does. Yes, you could just use native backups, but you’ll be missing a few advantages that we provide over and above what you get out of the box from Microsoft. Let’s talk about them. Guidance If you’re a hard-core DBA with 20+ years of experience on every version of SQL Server and several other data platforms besides, you may already know what you need in order to get a set of tested backups in place. But, if you’re not, maybe a little help would be a good thing. To set up backups for your servers, we supply a wizard that will step you through the entire process. It will also act to guide you down good paths. For example, if your databases are in Full Recovery, you should set up transaction log backups to run on a regular basis. When you choose a transaction log backup from the Backup Type you’ll see that only those databases that are in Full Recovery will be listed: This makes it very easy to be sure you have a log backup set up for all the databases you should and none of the databases where you won’t be able to. There are other examples of guidance throughout the product. If you have the responsibility of managing backups but very little knowledge or time, we can help you out. Throughout the software you’ll notice little green question marks. You can see two in the screen above and more in each of the screens in other topics below this one. Clicking on these will open a window with additional information about the topic in question which should help to guide you through some of the tougher decisions you may have to make while setting up your backup jobs. Here’s an example: Backup Copies As a part of the wizard you can choose to make a copy of your backup on your network. This process runs as part of the Red Gate SQL Backup engine. It will copy your backup, after completing the backup so it doesn’t cause any additional blocking or resource use within the backup process, to the network location you define. Creating a copy acts as a mechanism of protection for your backups. You can then backup that copy or do other things with it, all without affecting the original backup file. This requires either an additional backup or additional scripting to get it done within the native Microsoft backup engine. Offsite Storage Red Gate offers you the ability to immediately copy your backup to the cloud as a further, off-site, protection of your backups. It’s a service we provide and expose through the Backup wizard. Your backup will complete first, just like with the network backup copy, then an asynchronous process will copy that backup to cloud storage. Again, this is built right into the wizard or even the command line calls to SQL Backup, so it’s part a single process within your system. With native backup you would need to write additional scripts, possibly outside of T-SQL, to make this happen. Before you can use this with your backups you’ll need to do a little setup, but it’s built right into the product to get this done. You’ll be directed to the web site for our hosted storage where you can set up an account. Compression If you have SQL Server 2008 Enterprise, or you’re on SQL Server 2008R2 or greater and you have a Standard or Enterprise license, then you have backup compression. It’s built right in and works well. But, if you need even more compression then you might want to consider Red Gate SQL Backup Pro. We offer four levels of compression within the product. This means you can get a little compression faster, or you can just sacrifice some CPU time and get even more compression. You decide. For just a simple example I backed up AdventureWorks2012 using both methods of compression. The resulting file from native was 53mb. Our file was 33mb. That’s a file that is smaller by 38%, not a small number when we start talking gigabytes. We even provide guidance here to help you determine which level of compression would be right for you and your system: So for this test, if you wanted maximum compression with minimum CPU use you’d probably want to go with Level 2 which gets you almost as much compression as Level 3 but will use fewer resources. And that compression is still better than the native one by 10%. Restore Testing Backups are vital. But, a backup is just a file until you restore it. How do you know that you can restore that backup? Of course, you’ll use CHECKSUM to validate that what was read from disk during the backup process is what gets written to the backup file. You’ll also use VERIFYONLY to check that the backup header and the checksums on the backup file are valid. But, this doesn’t do a complete test of the backup. The only complete test is a restore. So, what you really need is a process that tests your backups. This is something you’ll have to schedule separately from your backups, but we provide a couple of mechanisms to help you out here. First, when you create a backup schedule, all done through our wizard which gives you as much guidance as you get when running backups, you get the option of creating a reminder to create a job to test your restores. You can enable this or disable it as you choose when creating your scheduled backups. Once you’re ready to schedule test restores for your databases, we have a wizard for this as well. After you choose the databases and restores you want to test, all configurable for automation, you get to decide if you’re going to restore to a specified copy or to the original database: If you’re doing your tests on a new server (probably the best choice) you can just overwrite the original database if it’s there. If not, you may want to create a new database each time you test your restores. Another part of validating your backups is ensuring that they can pass consistency checks. So we have DBCC built right into the process. You can even decide how you want DBCC run, which error messages to include, limit or add to the checks being run. With this you could offload some DBCC checks from your production system so that you only run the physical checks on your production box, but run the full check on this backup. That makes backup testing not just a general safety process, but a performance enhancer as well: Finally, assuming the tests pass, you can delete the database, leave it in place, or delete it regardless of the tests passing. All this is automated and scheduled through the SQL Agent job on your servers. Running your databases through this process will ensure that you don’t just have backups, but that you have tested backups. Single Point of Management If you have more than one server to maintain, getting backups setup could be a tedious process. But, with Red Gate SQL Backup Pro you can connect to multiple servers and then manage all your databases and all your servers backups from a single location. You’ll be able to see what is scheduled, what has run successfully and what has failed, all from a single interface without having to connect to different servers. Log Shipping Wizard If you want to set up log shipping as part of a disaster recovery process, it can frequently be a pain to get configured correctly. We supply a wizard that will walk you through every step of the process including setting up alerts so you’ll know should your log shipping fail. Summary You want to get your backups right. As outlined above, Red Gate SQL Backup Pro will absolutely help you there. We supply a number of processes and functionalities above and beyond what you get with SQL Server native. Plus, with our guidance, hints and reminders, you will get your backups set up in a way that protects your business.

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• CodePlex Daily Summary for Wednesday, March 10, 2010

  CodePlex Daily Summary for Wednesday, March 10, 2010New ProjectsASP.NET jQuery MessageBox: The ASP.NET jQuery it's an Web User Control that uses jQuery framework to enable diferent ways to present information to the user, by using these ...CommentRemover: Utility for removing comments from source codes. Support PL/SQL, Delphi, C/C#/C++ Developed in C# Requirement Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5DotNetNuke® RadMenu: DNNRadMenu makes it easy to create skins which use telerik RadMenu functionality. Licensing permits anyone (including designers) to use the compon...DotNetNuke® Skin AlphaBrisk: A DotNetNuke Design Challenge skin package submitted to the "Web Standards" category by dnnskin.net. Eight themes using transparent png, div, CSS, ...DotNetNuke® Skin Collaborate: A DotNetNuke Design Challenge skin package submitted to the "Modern Business" category by Cuong Dang of R2Integrated. This package is 100% XHTML an...DotNetNuke® Skin TR: A DotNetNuke Design Challenge skin package submitted to the "Out of the box" category by Tracy Wittenkeller of T-Worx. This package is 100% XHTML, ...Encrypted Notes: Encrypted Notes is similar to Notes, but uses Triple DES to encrypt text and files. It has a random key generator, and can save the key. It is deve...FalconLobby: FalconLobby is an authorized AddOn for Falcon 4.0 Allied Force which was created to support the multiplayer experience. FalconLobby retrieves the l...INETA Europe WebSite: Website for INETA EuropeInsert a Favorite (Bookmark) plugin for Windows Live Writer: This Windows Live Writer plugin allows you to select a Favorite (Bookmark) and insert it into your blog entry.Javascript Lib: an javascript libraryjqGrid ASP.Net MVC Control: A fully integrated ASP.Net MVC (2.0) grid control based on the successfull jqGrid plugin for the jQuery jscript framework. Among the features of...Mosaictor: Mosaictor is a per project of mine that I started halfway my education. It is a photo mosaic creator using locally saved files and files obtained t...Notes: Notes is a simple but fast text editor. It can save in many text formats, and includes many features, such as templates (soon to be customizable), ...notmuchweb: A web frontend for notmuchPervasiveID: The PID is actively involved in Open Source ID community-building and education. PID members frequently travel the world to attend ID conferences a...Proyect Electronica: Proyecto de electronicaRapidshare Downloader 2: Rapidshare Downloader 2ROAD is Rapid Oberon Application Development: A suite of integrated tools for the develpment of Oberon-2 applicationSDNTFSIntegration: TFS Integration.SilverlightImageUpload: SilverlightImageUploadSMIL - SharePoint Map Integration Layer: .Useful SharePoint Site Workflow Utilities: This project aims to make it easy use SharePoint 2010's Site Workflows as "event handlers" for various back end systems by providing ways to start ...Windows Media Autorization: Windows Media Autorizaton PlugIn for windows media 9 WinMo Twitter Widget StarterKit: This project will allow you to quickly create Widgets that run on a Windows Mobile 6.5 phone to allow you to view Tweets designated by a hash tag. ...XNA 3D World Studio Content Pipeline: XNA 3D World Studio Content Pipeline New ReleasesAPSales - CRM Software as a Service: APSales 0.1.2: This version add some interesting features to the project: Implements a Grid Control Custom View Query Use lastest version(2.0.2) of APEnnead.net ...ASP.NET jQuery MessageBox: ASP.NET jQuery MessageBox 0.1: Project Description The ASP.NET jQuery it's an Web User Control que uses jQuery framework to enable diferent ways to present information to the use...BTP Tools: CSBC+CUVC+HCSBC.dict files 2010-03-09: a space character should be only between <Strong Number Pattern> and <Count> like: <Text><Strong Number pattern><space character> <Count> The abov...Citrix HDX MediaStream for Flash System Verifier: HDX Flash Verifier Beta (v1.20): Reduced the number of exceptions that terminate the verification process.Code examples, utilities and misc from Lars Wilhelmsen [MVP]: LarsW.MexEdmxFixer 1.5: Added some missing sub elements from the EDMX file's Designer element; Connection and Output. Without them, some of the properties in the designer ...CommonLibrary.NET: CommonLibrary.NET 0.9.4 - Beta 2: A collection of very reusable code and components in C# 3.5 ranging from ActiveRecord, Csv, Command Line Parsing, Configuration, Holiday Calendars,...Encrypted Notes: Source Code: This has the all the code for Encrypted Notes in a Text file.Hybrid Windows Service: Release Assembly: Main Assembly. Usage: 1. Add reference to this dll in your 'Windows Service' project. 2. Replace references to ServiceBase to HybridServiceBase in...jqGrid ASP.Net MVC Control: Version 1.0.0.0: Initial Versionkdar: KDAR 0.0.16: KDAR - Kernel Debugger Anti Rootkit - KINTERRUPT object check added - load image notifier check addedlatex2mathml: 1.0 alpha: This is the first public release of Latex2MathML. Lots are left to add and fix. I encourage you to test it. If something goes wrong, send me the lo...MapWindow GIS: MapWindow 6.0 msi (March 9): This fixes a bug with saving and opening maps.Microsoft Research Biology Extension for Excel: MSR Biology Extension for Excel - Beta 2 (Update): This is an updated release for the Beta 2 Installer for the MSR Biology Extension for Excel. A couple of identified issues with the installation f...Notes: Notes 5.2: This is the latest version of Notes (5.2). It has an installer - it will create a directory 'CPascoe' in My Documents. Once you have extracted the...Notes: Source Code: This has the all the code for Notes in a Text file.RedBulb for XNA Framework: Tree Massacre XMAS Edition (Sample): Tree Massacre XMAS Edition Source Code and Creators Club Package http://bayimg.com/image/jalkiaacb.jpgRoTwee: RoTwee (7.0.2.0): Now color mode is introduced to RoTwee. Push change color button and you can change color mode of RoTwee. Recommended mode is active rainbow mode :)SharePoint Team-Mailer: SharePoint Team-Mailer v1.0: Recommended versionsPWadmin: pwAdmin v0.7_nightly: Nightly Build --------------------- + Target JRE -> 1.5.0_21 + Target ApplicationServer -> Apache Tomcat 5.5.28 + Added xml editor (only working fo...SQL Server PowerShell Extensions: 2.1 Production: Release 2.1 re-implements SQLPSX as PowersShell version 2.0 modules. SQLPSX consists of 9 modules with 133 advanced functions, 2 cmdlets and 7 scri...TMap for VS2010: TMap for VS2010 (MSF Agile) RC Release: Release of the TMap process template for VS2010 combined with the MSF Agile process template basd on the Release Candidate. The references to the g...TS3QueryLib.Net: TS3QueryLib.Net Version 0.19.14.0: Changelog Added property "IsClientRecording" to class "ClientListEntry" which is used in method "GetClientList" of QueryRunner class. (Change of Be...VCC: Latest build, v2.1.30309.0: Automatic drop of latest buildWinMo Twitter Widget StarterKit: Tweet Viewer Files: Files necessary to create your own Tweet ViewerWPF AutoComplete TextBox Control: Version 1.1: This release includes accumulated bug fixes since the initial release. Besides, adds experimental asynchronous support. Sample application gets...XNA 3D World Studio Content Pipeline: XNA 3DWS Content Pipeline: This is an rar file containing the latest content importer codeMost Popular ProjectsMetaSharpWBFS ManagerRawrAJAX Control ToolkitMicrosoft SQL Server Product Samples: DatabaseSilverlight ToolkitWindows Presentation Foundation (WPF)ASP.NETMicrosoft SQL Server Community & SamplesASP.NET Ajax LibraryMost Active ProjectsUmbraco CMSRawrSDS: Scientific DataSet library and toolsjQuery Library for SharePoint Web ServicesBlogEngine.NETN2 CMSFasterflect - A Fast and Simple Reflection APIFarseer Physics Enginepatterns & practices – Enterprise LibraryCaliburn: An Application Framework for WPF and Silverlight

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• Do’s and Don’ts Building SharePoint Applications

  - by Bil Simser

  SharePoint is a great platform for building quick LOB applications. Simple things from employee time trackers to server and software inventory to full blown Help Desks can be crafted up using SharePoint from just customizing Lists. No programming necessary. However there are a few tricks I’ve painfully learned over the years that you can use for your own solutions. DO What’s In A Name? When you create a new list, column, or view you’ll commonly name it something like “Expense Reports”. However this has the ugly effect of creating a url to the list as “Expense%20Reports”. Or worse, an internal field name of “Expense_x0x0020_Reports” which is not only cryptic but hard to remember when you’re trying to find the column by internal name. While “Expense Reports 2011” is user friendly, “ExpenseReports2011” is not (unless you’re a programmer). So that’s not the solution. Well, not entirely. Instead when you create your column or list or view use the scrunched up name (I can’t think of the technical term for it right now) of “ExpenseReports2011”, “WomenAtTheOfficeThatAreMen” or “KoalaMeatIsGoodWhenBroiled”. After you’ve created it, go back and change the name to the more friendly “Silly Expense Reports That Nobody Reads”. The original internal name will be the url and code friendly one without spaces while the one used on data entry forms and view headers will be the human version. Smart Columns When building a view include columns that make sense. By default when you add a column the “Add to default view” is checked. Resist the urge to be lazy and leave it checked. Uncheck that puppy and decide consciously what columns should be included in the view. Pick columns that make sense to what the user is trying to do. This means you have to talk to the user. Yes, I know. That can be trying at times and even painful. Go ahead, talk to them. You might learn something. Find out what’s important to them and why. If they’re doing something repetitively as part of their job, try to make their life easier by including what’s most important to them. Do they really need to see the Created *and* Modified date of a document or do they just need the title and author? You’ll only find out after talking to them (or getting them drunk in a bar and leaving them in the back alley handcuffed to a garbage bin, don’t ask). Gotta Keep it Separated Hey, views are there for a reason. Use them. While “All Items” is a fine way to present a list of well, all items, it’s hardly sufficient to present a list of servers built before the Y2K bug hit. You’ll be scrolling the list for hours finally arriving at Page 387 of 12,591 and cursing that SharePoint guy for convincing you that putting your hardware into a list would be of any use to anyone. Next to collecting the data, presenting it is just as important. Views are often overlooked and many times ignored or misused. They’re the way you can slice and dice the data up so that you’re not trying to consume 3,000 years of human evolution on a single web page. Remember views can be filtered so feel free to create a view for each status or one for each operating system or one for each species of Information Worker you might be putting in that list or document library. Not only will it reduce the number of items someone sees at one time, it’ll also make the information that much more relevant. Also remember that each view is a separate page. Use it in navigation by creating a menu on the Quick Launch to each view. The discoverability of the Views menu isn’t overly obvious and if you violate the rule of columns (see Horizontally Scrolling below) the view menu doesn’t even show up until you shuffle the scroll bar to the left. Navigation links, big giant buttons, a screaming flashing “CLICK ME NOW” will help your users find their way. Sort It! Views are great so we’re building nice, rich views for the user. Awesomesauce. However sort is not very discoverable by the user. For example when you’re looking at a view how do you know if it’s ascending or descending and what is it sorted on. Maybe it’s sorted using two fields so what’s that all about? Help your users by letting them know the information they’re looking at is sorted. Maybe you name the view something appropriate like “Bogus Expense Claims Sorted By Deadbeats”. If you use the naming strategy just make sure you keep the name consistent with the description. In the previous example their better be a Deadbeat column so I can see the sort in action. Having a “Loser” column, while equally correct, is a little obtuse to the average Information Worker. Remember, they usually don’t use acronyms and even if they knew how to, it’s not immediately obvious to them that’s what you’re trying to convey. Another option is to simply drop a Content Editor Web Part above the list and explain exactly the view they’re looking at. Each view is it’s own page so one CEWP won’t be used across the board. Be descriptive in what the user is seeing but try to keep it brief. Dumping the first chapter of I, Claudius might be informative to the data but can gobble up screen real estate and miss the point of having the list. DO NOT Useless Attachments The attachments column is, in a word, useless. For the most part. Sure it indicates there’s an attachment on the list item but in the grand scheme of things that’s not overly informative. Maybe it is and by all means, if it makes sense to you include it. Colour it. Make it shine and stand like the Return of Clippy on every SharePoint list. Without it being functional it can be boring. EndUserSharePoint.com has an article to make the son of Clippy that much more useful so feel free to head over and check out this blog post by Paul Grenier on the task (Warning code ahead! Danger Will Robinson!) In any case, I would suggest you remove it from your views. Again if it’s important then include it but consider the jQuery solution above to make it functional. It’s added by default to views and one of things that people forget to clean up. Horizontal Scrolling Screen real estate is premium so building a list that contains 8,000 columns and stretches horizontally across 15 screens probably isn’t the most user friendly experience. Most users can’t figure out how to scroll vertically let alone horizontally so don’t make it even that more confusing for them. Take the Steve Krug approach in your view designs and try not to make the user think. Again views are your friend. Consider splitting up the data into views where one view contains 10 columns and other view contains the other 10. Okay, maybe your information doesn’t work that way but humans can only process 7 pieces of data at a time, 10 at most (then their heads explode and you don’t want to clean that mess up, especially on a Friday night before the big dance). It drives me batshit crazy when I see a view with 80 columns of data. I often ask the user “So what do you do with all this information”. The response is usually “With this data [the first 10 columns] I decide if I’m going to fire everyone, and with this data [the next 10 columns] I decide if I’m going to set the building on fire and collect the insurance”. It’s at that point I show them how to create two new views “People Who Are About To Get The Axe” and “Beach Time For The Executives”. Again, talk to your users and try to reason with them on cutting down the number of columns they see at once. Vertical Scrolling Another big faux pas I find is the use of multi-line comment fields in views. It’s not so bad when you have a statement like this in your view: “I really like, oh my god, thought I was going to scream when I saw this turtle then I decided what I was going to have for dinner and frankly I hate having to work late so when I was talking to the customer I thought, oh my god, what if the customer has turtles and then it appeared to me that I really was hungry so I'm going to have lunch now.” It’s fine if that’s the only column along with two or three others, but once you slap those 20 columns of data into the list, the comment field wraps and forms a new multi-page novel that takes up your entire screen. Do everyone a favour and just avoid adding the column to views. Train the user to just click through to the item if they need to see the contents. Duplicate Information Duplication is never good. Views and great as you can group data together. For example create a view of project status reports grouped by author. Then you can see what project manager is being a dip and not submitting their report. However if you group by author do you really need the Created By field as well in the view? Or if the view is grouped by Project then Author do you need both. Horizontal real estate is always at a premium so try not to clutter up the view with duplicate data like this. Oh  yeah, if you’re scratching your head saying “But Bil, if I don’t include the Project name in the view and I have a lot of items then how do I know which one I’m looking at”. That’s a hint that your grouping is too vague or you have too much data in the view based on that criteria. Filter it down a notch, create some views, and try to keep the group down to a single screen where you can see the group header at the top of the page. Again it’s just managing the information you have. Redundant, See Redundant This partially relates to duplicate information and smart columns but basically remember to not include the obvious in a view. Remember, don’t make me think. If you’ve gone to the trouble (and it was a lot of trouble wasn’t it?) to create separate views of your data by creating a “September Zombie Brain Sales”, “October Zombie Brain Sales”, etc. then please for the love of all that is holy do not include the Month and Product columns in your view. Similarly if you create a “My” view of anything (“My Favourite Brands of Spandex”, “My Co-Workers I Find The Urge To Disinfect”) then again, do not include the owner or author field (or whatever field you use to identify “My”). That’s just silly. Hope that helps! Happy customizing!

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• April 2013 Release of the Ajax Control Toolkit

  - by Stephen.Walther

  I’m excited to announce the April 2013 release of the Ajax Control Toolkit. For this release, we focused on improving two controls: the AjaxFileUpload and the MaskedEdit controls. You can download the latest release from CodePlex at http://AjaxControlToolkit.CodePlex.com or, better yet, you can execute the following NuGet command within Visual Studio 2010/2012: There are three builds of the Ajax Control Toolkit: .NET 3.5, .NET 4.0, and .NET 4.5. A Better AjaxFileUpload Control We completely rewrote the AjaxFileUpload control for this release. We had two primary goals. First, we wanted to support uploading really large files. In particular, we wanted to support uploading multi-gigabyte files such as video files or application files. Second, we wanted to support showing upload progress on as many browsers as possible. The previous version of the AjaxFileUpload could show upload progress when used with Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox but not when used with Apple Safari or Microsoft Internet Explorer. The new version of the AjaxFileUpload control shows upload progress when used with any browser. Using the AjaxFileUpload Control Let me walk-through using the AjaxFileUpload in the most basic scenario. And then, in following sections, I can explain some of its more advanced features. Here’s how you can declare the AjaxFileUpload control in a page: <ajaxToolkit:ToolkitScriptManager runat="server" /> <ajaxToolkit:AjaxFileUpload ID="AjaxFileUpload1" AllowedFileTypes="mp4" OnUploadComplete="AjaxFileUpload1_UploadComplete" runat="server" /> The exact appearance of the AjaxFileUpload control depends on the features that a browser supports. In the case of Google Chrome, which supports drag-and-drop upload, here’s what the AjaxFileUpload looks like: Notice that the page above includes two Ajax Control Toolkit controls: the AjaxFileUpload and the ToolkitScriptManager control. You always need to include the ToolkitScriptManager with any page which uses Ajax Control Toolkit controls. The AjaxFileUpload control declared in the page above includes an event handler for its UploadComplete event. This event handler is declared in the code-behind page like this: protected void AjaxFileUpload1_UploadComplete(object sender, AjaxControlToolkit.AjaxFileUploadEventArgs e) { // Save uploaded file to App_Data folder AjaxFileUpload1.SaveAs(MapPath("~/App_Data/" + e.FileName)); } This method saves the uploaded file to your website’s App_Data folder. I’m assuming that you have an App_Data folder in your project – if you don’t have one then you need to create one or you will get an error. There is one more thing that you must do in order to get the AjaxFileUpload control to work. The AjaxFileUpload control relies on an HTTP Handler named AjaxFileUploadHandler.axd. You need to declare this handler in your application’s root web.config file like this: <configuration> <system.web> <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.5" /> <httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5" maxRequestLength="42949672" /> <httpHandlers> <add verb="*" path="AjaxFileUploadHandler.axd" type="AjaxControlToolkit.AjaxFileUploadHandler, AjaxControlToolkit"/> </httpHandlers> </system.web> <system.webServer> <validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false"/> <handlers> <add name="AjaxFileUploadHandler" verb="*" path="AjaxFileUploadHandler.axd" type="AjaxControlToolkit.AjaxFileUploadHandler, AjaxControlToolkit"/> </handlers> <security> <requestFiltering> <requestLimits maxAllowedContentLength="4294967295"/> </requestFiltering> </security> </system.webServer> </configuration> Notice that the web.config file above also contains configuration settings for the maxRequestLength and maxAllowedContentLength. You need to assign large values to these configuration settings — as I did in the web.config file above — in order to accept large file uploads. Supporting Chunked File Uploads Because one of our primary goals with this release was support for large file uploads, we added support for client-side chunking. When you upload a file using a browser which fully supports the HTML5 File API — such as Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox — then the file is uploaded in multiple chunks. You can see chunking in action by opening F12 Developer Tools in your browser and observing the Network tab: Notice that there is a crazy number of distinct post requests made (about 360 distinct requests for a 1 gigabyte file). Each post request looks like this: http://localhost:24338/AjaxFileUploadHandler.axd?contextKey={DA8BEDC8-B952-4d5d-8CC2-59FE922E2923}&fileId=B7CCE31C-6AB1-BB28-2940-49E0C9B81C64 &fileName=Sita_Sings_the_Blues_480p_2150kbps.mp4&chunked=true&firstChunk=false Each request posts another chunk of the file being uploaded. Notice that the request URL includes a chunked=true parameter which indicates that the browser is breaking the file being uploaded into multiple chunks. Showing Upload Progress on All Browsers The previous version of the AjaxFileUpload control could display upload progress only in the case of browsers which fully support the HTML5 File API. The new version of the AjaxFileUpload control can display upload progress in the case of all browsers. If a browser does not fully support the HTML5 File API then the browser polls the server every few seconds with an Ajax request to determine the percentage of the file that has been uploaded. This technique of displaying progress works with any browser which supports making Ajax requests. There is one catch. Be warned that this new feature only works with the .NET 4.0 and .NET 4.5 versions of the AjaxControlToolkit. To show upload progress, we are taking advantage of the new ASP.NET HttpRequest.GetBufferedInputStream() and HttpRequest.GetBufferlessInputStream() methods which are not supported by .NET 3.5. For example, here is what the Network tab looks like when you use the AjaxFileUpload with Microsoft Internet Explorer: Here’s what the requests in the Network tab look like: GET /WebForm1.aspx?contextKey={DA8BEDC8-B952-4d5d-8CC2-59FE922E2923}&poll=1&guid=9206FF94-76F9-B197-D1BC-EA9AD282806B HTTP/1.1 Notice that each request includes a poll=1 parameter. This parameter indicates that this is a polling request to get the size of the file buffered on the server. Here’s what the response body of a request looks like when about 20% of a file has been uploaded: Buffering to a Temporary File When you upload a file using the AjaxFileUpload control, the file upload is buffered to a temporary file located at Path.GetTempPath(). When you call the SaveAs() method, as we did in the sample page above, the temporary file is copied to a new file and then the temporary file is deleted. If you don’t call the SaveAs() method, then you must ensure that the temporary file gets deleted yourself. For example, if you want to save the file to a database then you will never call the SaveAs() method and you are responsible for deleting the file. The easiest way to delete the temporary file is to call the AjaxFileUploadEventArgs.DeleteTemporaryData() method in the UploadComplete handler: protected void AjaxFileUpload1_UploadComplete(object sender, AjaxControlToolkit.AjaxFileUploadEventArgs e) { // Save uploaded file to a database table e.DeleteTemporaryData(); } You also can call the static AjaxFileUpload.CleanAllTemporaryData() method to delete all temporary data and not only the temporary data related to the current file upload. For example, you might want to call this method on application start to ensure that all temporary data is removed whenever your application restarts. A Better MaskedEdit Extender This release of the Ajax Control Toolkit contains bug fixes for the top-voted issues related to the MaskedEdit control. We closed over 25 MaskedEdit issues. Here is a complete list of the issues addressed with this release: · 17302 MaskedEditExtender MaskType=Date, Mask=99/99/99 Undefined JS Error · 11758 MaskedEdit causes error in JScript when working with 2-digits year · 18810 Maskededitextender/validator Date validation issue · 23236 MaskEditValidator does not work with date input using format dd/mm/yyyy · 23042 Webkit based browsers (Safari, Chrome) and MaskedEditExtender · 26685 MaskedEditExtender@(ClearMaskOnLostFocus=false) adds a zero character when you each focused to target textbox · 16109 MaskedEditExtender: Negative amount, followed by decimal, sets value to positive · 11522 MaskEditExtender of AjaxtoolKit-1.0.10618.0 does not work properly for Hungarian Culture · 25988 MaskedEditExtender – CultureName (HU-hu) > DateSeparator · 23221 MaskedEditExtender date separator problem · 15233 Day and month swap in Dynamic user control · 15492 MaskedEditExtender with ClearMaskOnLostFocus and with MaskedEditValidator with ClientValidationFunction · 9389 MaskedEditValidator – when on no entry · 11392 MaskedEdit Number format messed up · 11819 MaskedEditExtender erases all values beyond first comma separtor · 13423 MaskedEdit(Extender/Validator) combo problem · 16111 MaskedEditValidator cannot validate date with DayMonthYear in UserDateFormat of MaskedEditExtender · 10901 MaskedEdit: The months and date fields swap values when you hit submit if UserDateFormat is set. · 15190 MaskedEditValidator can’t make use of MaskedEditExtender’s UserDateFormat property · 13898 MaskedEdit Extender with custom date type mask gives javascript error · 14692 MaskedEdit error in “yy/MM/dd” format. · 16186 MaskedEditExtender does not handle century properly in a date mask · 26456 MaskedEditBehavior. ConvFmtTime : function(input,loadFirst) fails if this._CultureAMPMPlaceholder == “” · 21474 Error on MaskedEditExtender working with number format · 23023 MaskedEditExtender’s ClearMaskOnLostFocus property causes problems for MaskedEditValidator when set to false · 13656 MaskedEditValidator Min/Max Date value issue Conclusion This latest release of the Ajax Control Toolkit required many hours of work by a team of talented developers. I want to thank the members of the Superexpert team for the long hours which they put into this release.

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• Node.js Adventure - Node.js on Windows

  - by Shaun

  Two weeks ago I had had a talk with Wang Tao, a C# MVP in China who is currently running his startup company and product named worktile. He asked me to figure out a synchronization solution which helps his product in the future. And he preferred me implementing the service in Node.js, since his worktile is written in Node.js. Even though I have some experience in ASP.NET MVC, HTML, CSS and JavaScript, I don’t think I’m an expert of JavaScript. In fact I’m very new to it. So it scared me a bit when he asked me to use Node.js. But after about one week investigate I have to say Node.js is very easy to learn, use and deploy, even if you have very limited JavaScript skill. And I think I became love Node.js. Hence I decided to have a series named “Node.js Adventure”, where I will demonstrate my story of learning and using Node.js in Windows and Windows Azure. And this is the first one.   (Brief) Introduction of Node.js I don’t want to have a fully detailed introduction of Node.js. There are many resource on the internet we can find. But the best one is its homepage. Node.js was created by Ryan Dahl, sponsored by Joyent. It’s consist of about 80% C/C++ for core and 20% JavaScript for API. It utilizes CommonJS as the module system which we will explain later. The official definition of Node.js is Node.js is a platform built on Chrome's JavaScript runtime for easily building fast, scalable network applications. Node.js uses an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model that makes it lightweight and efficient, perfect for data-intensive real-time applications that run across distributed devices. First of all, Node.js utilizes JavaScript as its development language and runs on top of V8 engine, which is being used by Chrome. It brings JavaScript, a client-side language into the backend service world. So many people said, even though not that actually, “Node.js is a server side JavaScript”. Additionally, Node.js uses an event-driven, non-blocking IO model. This means in Node.js there’s no way to block currently working thread. Every operation in Node.js executed asynchronously. This is a huge benefit especially if our code needs IO operations such as reading disks, connect to database, consuming web service, etc.. Unlike IIS or Apache, Node.js doesn’t utilize the multi-thread model. In Node.js there’s only one working thread serves all users requests and resources response, as the ST star in the figure below. And there is a POSIX async threads pool in Node.js which contains many async threads (AT stars) for IO operations. When a user have an IO request, the ST serves it but it will not do the IO operation. Instead the ST will go to the POSIX async threads pool to pick up an AT, pass this operation to it, and then back to serve any other requests. The AT will actually do the IO operation asynchronously. Assuming before the AT complete the IO operation there is another user comes. The ST will serve this new user request, pick up another AT from the POSIX and then back. If the previous AT finished the IO operation it will take the result back and wait for the ST to serve. ST will take the response and return the AT to POSIX, and then response to the user. And if the second AT finished its job, the ST will response back to the second user in the same way. As you can see, in Node.js there’s only one thread serve clients’ requests and POSIX results. This thread looping between the users and POSIX and pass the data back and forth. The async jobs will be handled by POSIX. This is the event-driven non-blocking IO model. The performance of is model is much better than the multi-threaded blocking model. For example, Apache is built in multi-threaded blocking model while Nginx is in event-driven non-blocking mode. Below is the performance comparison between them. And below is the memory usage comparison between them. These charts are captured from the video NodeJS Basics: An Introductory Training, which presented at Cloud Foundry Developer Advocate.   Node.js on Windows To execute Node.js application on windows is very simple. First of you we need to download the latest Node.js platform from its website. After installed, it will register its folder into system path variant so that we can execute Node.js at anywhere. To confirm the Node.js installation, just open up a command windows and type “node”, then it will show the Node.js console. As you can see this is a JavaScript interactive console. We can type some simple JavaScript code and command here. To run a Node.js JavaScript application, just specify the source code file name as the argument of the “node” command. For example, let’s create a Node.js source code file named “helloworld.js”. Then copy a sample code from Node.js website. 1: var http = require("http"); 2:  3: http.createServer(function (req, res) { 4: res.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"}); 5: res.end("Hello World\n"); 6: }).listen(1337, "127.0.0.1"); 7:  8: console.log("Server running at http://127.0.0.1:1337/"); This code will create a web server, listening on 1337 port and return “Hello World” when any requests come. Run it in the command windows. Then open a browser and navigate to http://localhost:1337/. As you can see, when using Node.js we are not creating a web application. In fact we are likely creating a web server. We need to deal with request, response and the related headers, status code, etc.. And this is one of the benefit of using Node.js, lightweight and straightforward. But creating a website from scratch again and again is not acceptable. The good news is that, Node.js utilizes CommonJS as its module system, so that we can leverage some modules to simplify our job. And furthermore, there are about ten thousand of modules available n the internet, which covers almost all areas in server side application development.   NPM and Node.js Modules Node.js utilizes CommonJS as its module system. A module is a set of JavaScript files. In Node.js if we have an entry file named “index.js”, then all modules it needs will be located at the “node_modules” folder. And in the “index.js” we can import modules by specifying the module name. For example, in the code we’ve just created, we imported a module named “http”, which is a build-in module installed alone with Node.js. So that we can use the code in this “http” module. Besides the build-in modules there are many modules available at the NPM website. Thousands of developers are contributing and downloading modules at this website. Hence this is another benefit of using Node.js. There are many modules we can use, and the numbers of modules increased very fast, and also we can publish our modules to the community. When I wrote this post, there are totally 14,608 modules at NPN and about 10 thousand downloads per day. Install a module is very simple. Let’s back to our command windows and input the command “npm install express”. This command will install a module named “express”, which is a MVC framework on top of Node.js. And let’s create another JavaScript file named “helloweb.js” and copy the code below in it. I imported the “express” module. And then when the user browse the home page it will response a text. If the incoming URL matches “/Echo/:value” which the “value” is what the user specified, it will pass it back with the current date time in JSON format. And finally my website was listening at 12345 port. 1: var express = require("express"); 2: var app = express(); 3:  4: app.get("/", function(req, res) { 5: res.send("Hello Node.js and Express."); 6: }); 7:  8: app.get("/Echo/:value", function(req, res) { 9: var value = req.params.value; 10: res.json({ 11: "Value" : value, 12: "Time" : new Date() 13: }); 14: }); 15:  16: console.log("Web application opened."); 17: app.listen(12345); For more information and API about the “express”, please have a look here. Start our application from the command window by command “node helloweb.js”, and then navigate to the home page we can see the response in the browser. And if we go to, for example http://localhost:12345/Echo/Hello Shaun, we can see the JSON result. The “express” module is very populate in NPM. It makes the job simple when we need to build a MVC website. There are many modules very useful in NPM. - underscore: A utility module covers many common functionalities such as for each, map, reduce, select, etc.. - request: A very simple HTT request client. - async: Library for coordinate async operations. - wind: Library which enable us to control flow with plain JavaScript for asynchronous programming (and more) without additional pre-compiling steps.   Node.js and IIS I demonstrated how to run the Node.js application from console. Since we are in Windows another common requirement would be, “can I host Node.js in IIS?” The answer is “Yes”. Tomasz Janczuk created a project IISNode at his GitHub space we can find here. And Scott Hanselman had published a blog post introduced about it.   Summary In this post I provided a very brief introduction of Node.js, includes it official definition, architecture and how it implement the event-driven non-blocking model. And then I described how to install and run a Node.js application on windows console. I also described the Node.js module system and NPM command. At the end I referred some links about IISNode, an IIS extension that allows Node.js application runs on IIS. Node.js became a very popular server side application platform especially in this year. By leveraging its non-blocking IO model and async feature it’s very useful for us to build a highly scalable, asynchronously service. I think Node.js will be used widely in the cloud application development in the near future.   In the next post I will explain how to use SQL Server from Node.js.   Hope this helps, Shaun All documents and related graphics, codes are provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind. Copyright © Shaun Ziyan Xu. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons License.

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