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• How do ulimit -n and /proc/sys/fs/file-max differ?

  - by bantic

  I notice that on a new CentOS image that I just booted up off of EC2 that the ulimit default is 1024 open files, but /proc/sys/fs/file-max is set at 761,408 and I'm wondering how these two limits work together. I'm guessing that ulimit -n is a per-user limit of number of file descriptors while /proc/sys/fs/file-max is system-wide? If that's the case, say I've logged in twice as the same user -- does each logged-in user have a 1024 limit on number of open files, or is it a limit of 1024 combined open files between each of those logged-in users? And is there much performance impact to setting your max file descriptors to a very high number, if your system isn't ever opening very many files?

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• Genetic Algorithm new generation exponentially increasing

  - by Rdz

  I'm programming Genetic Algorithm in C++ and after searching all kind of ways of doing GA'a operators (selection, crossover, mutation) I came up with a doubt. Let's say I have an initial population of 500. My selection will consist in getting the top 20% of 500(based on best fitness). So I get 100 individuals to mate. When I do the crossover I'll get 2 children where both together have 50% of surviving. So far so good. I start the mutation, and everything's ok.. Now when I start choosing the Next generation, I see that I have a big number of children (in this case, 4950 if you wanna know). Now the thing is, every time I run GA, if I send all the children to the next generation, the number of individuals per generation will increase exponentially. So there must be a way of choosing the children to fulfill a new generation without getting out of this range of the initial population. What I'm asking here is if there is anyway of choosing the children to fill the new generations OR should I choose somehow (and maybe reduce) the parents to mate so I don't get so many children in the end. Thanks :)

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• Congratulations to 2012 Innovation Award winners in BPM category

  - by Manoj Das

  Last year many of our customers went live on BPM 11g. It is my extreme pleasure to congratulate two of them – Amadeus and Navistar – for being awarded Oracle Fusion Middleware Innovation Award at Oracle OpenWorld 2012. We invited our customers to submit their most innovative BPM implementations that have delivered substantiated value to them. This year we saw more than 20 submissions from our customers seeing significant business value from their live BPM 11g deployments. The submissions came from across the world, spanning various industry verticals including manufacturing, healthcare, logistics, Hi-Tech, Public Sector, Education and covering many process usage patterns. Award submissions were evaluated based on the uniqueness of their business case, business benefits, level of impact relative to the size of the organization, complexity and magnitude of implementation, and the originality of architecture. Amadeus Team Receiving Innovation Award from Hasan Rizvi Congratulations to Amadeus and Navistar and their teams on being recognized from among some very strong submissions and more importantly for the business value delivered. It is an honor to be part of your success and to play a small role in the innovation you drive. Navistar is a leading truck manufacturing company which produces International® brand commercial and military trucks, MaxxForce® brand diesel engines, IC Bus™ brand school and commercial buses, and Navistar RV brands of recreational vehicles. The company also provides truck and diesel engine service parts. Amadeus is a leading transaction processor for the global travel and tourism industry, providing transaction processing power and technology solutions to both travellers and travel providers. Both Navistar and Amadeus have leveraged Oracle BPM Suite to improve visibility into their business and made their business more agile and efficient. We congratulate them again and wish them continued success in their business and future BPM initiatives.

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• FCoE, on any Ethernet switch?

  - by javano

  I understand the concept of FCoE. I have looked at the Wikipedia page and looking at the layer 2 frame diagram, it looks like FCoE really should "just work" on any Ethernet switch, but is this really the case? If so, what do switches like Cisco's Nexus 5k or 6120P offer that normal switches don't (in specific relation to FCoE)? I am just using those two switches as examples. On the Nexus 5548UP page for example it says the following; Unified ports that support traditional Ethernet, Fibre Channel (FC),and Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) Well if FCoE runnins over regular Ethernet, that why does it support "Ethernet and Fibire Channel over Ethernet"? This is why I am curious as to weather FCoE will run on any Ethernet switch and these switches just support "bonus" features, or if you do indeed require a specialist switch. Thank you.

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• Cannot use second display with 12.04 and Intel 2000/3000

  - by Carolyn Marenger

  I am unable to get anything to display on my second monitor, or even get the system to recognize that there is a second screen. I am running Ubuntu 12.04 on a Gigabyte GA-H61M-S2PV, revision 2.0 box. The integrated chipset is an Intel 2000/3000, and there are both a D-Dub and a DVI-D display ports on the MB. This is the first operating system I have installed on this system. I have a second monitor plugged into the DVI-D port via a DVI-D to D-Sub adapter. I cannot verify that the motherboard or adapter were/are working, short of installing windows to test the theory. When I go into the "System Settings - Displays" control window, it shows one display. I have rebooted with the second monitor attached, and I have perused the BIOS settings in case it might have been disabled. So far, I have had no indication that the second monitor is recognized, not even a flicker at power on. If I swap monitors and cables between the DVI-D and D-Dub ports, the other monitor lights up, so I know the monitor and video cable are not the issue. Any suggestions would be appreciated. Thanks, Carolyn

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• dpkg in uninterruptible sleep

  - by Khaled

  I have several Ubuntu servers 10.04. Today, I tried to upgrade some packages on one of these servers and the process got stuck. I logged in using another SSH session and I found that dpkg is in D state (uninterruptible sleep). According to what I have read, this state results generally from I/O waiting like waiting for NFS share. I can not understand why dpkg will block in this state. I can not see any obvious problems other than this. Here is the output of ps to show the blocking process: $ ps axo pid,cmd,s,wchan | grep dpkg 22571 /usr/bin/dpkg --status-fd 2 D call_rwsem_down_read_failed This process can not be killed even with kill -9. So, I will not be able to install/upgrade any package unless I reboot the server. What makes it worse is that the remote reboot does not succeed in such a case (having processes in D state). Can anyone help with this? How can I avoid this in the future.

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• Looking for Mini itx capable of running Photoshop + Illustrator (cs4 or higher)

  - by drozzy

  Ok, so I want to build a small pc for my gf that she can take with her instead of the crappy laptop that she has. Overall I think the complete system should not weight more than 10 lbs. The requirements are to run at least 4 applications simultaneously, and be able to switch between them with no problems: Photoshop Illustrator Word editor Browser Should be able to handle 1920x1200 resolution. I am currently looking at LGA775 socket as I can just transfer my desktop cpu Q6600 to it. Currently deciding between DQ45EK and DG41TX, but any other suggestions are welcome. So I am thinking something along the lines of: MINI-BOX M350 Case with 90 watt psu Q6600 cpu (my desktop cpu) 2x2GB kingston ram (or similar) Video? Need external or built-in G45 on DQ45EK will do? My primary concern is whether the 90WATT is sufficient of the Q6600? Thanks

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• How should we deal with multiple transaction-report requests?

  - by Mithir

  We are developing a system for the retail market which one of it's features will enable clients(actually consumer clubs) to go through all transactions made by end-clients. One of the ways to get this information will be via an API. The idea is that there will be requests for reports with a start date and an end date, and a response will have all the transactions between those dates. We are worry that some reports may be very large, and that some clients will repeatedly request for reports, in this case the DB and CPU will be very overloaded. The same server that will service those requests, also takes care the the actual retail transactions (received by proprietary devices) and a Web application. We are not sure about how to limit the report requests from the API so that it won't affect the system too much. So, how should we deal with this scenario? any thoughts? EDIT: just to make clear: When I mentioned proprietary devices I meant "On-Location" devices which are used during sales with end-clients, this means that these requests shouldn't get delayed, and this is the main concern.

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• Can higher-order functions in FP be interpreted as some kind of dependency injection?

  - by Giorgio

  According to this article, in object-oriented programming / design dependency injection involves a dependent consumer, a declaration of a component's dependencies, defined as interface contracts, an injector that creates instances of classes that implement a given dependency interface on request. Let us now consider a higher-order function in a functional programming language, e.g. the Haskell function filter :: (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> [a] from Data.List. This function transforms a list into another list and, in order to perform its job, it uses (consumes) an external predicate function that must be provided by its caller, e.g. the expression filter (\x -> (mod x 2) == 0) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] selects all even numbers from the input list. But isn't this construction very similar to the pattern illustrated above, where the filter function is the dependent consumer, the signature (a -> Bool) of the function argument is the interface contract, the expression that uses the higher-order is the injector that, in this particular case, injects the implementation (\x -> (mod x 2) == 0) of the contract. More in general, can one relate higher-order functions and their usage pattern in functional programming to the dependency injection pattern in object-oriented languages? Or in the inverse direction, can dependency injection be compared to using some kind of higher-order function?

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• What went wrong with my curl install?

  - by Danjah

  I'm fresher than the prince to Linux, I've been following the instructions here: http://chrisfulstow.com/running-node-js-on-windows-with-virtualbox-and-ubuntu (the link tells what I am generally trying to do). I'm all up and running in VBox, and am at the curl install part, I may have done the curl part a week ago I forget. So I ran this command anyway: danjah@danjah-VirtualBox:~$ sudo apt-get install curl Result: [sudo] password for danjah: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done curl is already the newest version. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Then: $ curl http://npmjs.org/install.sh | sudo npm_install=rc sh Result: fetching: { gzip: stdin: unexpected end of file /bin/tar: Child returned status 1 /bin/tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now It failed Should I be concerned? How can I test curl? How can I avoid these situations? Perhaps there's a generic way of checking to see if I've already installed packages/etc? Case specific answers and general advice most appreciated. cheers, d

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• Media center consumes all available memory when attempting to play music off of a server

  - by RCIX

  I have Windows 7 Ultimate, and recently, when i try to play a song off of my Twonky Media Server/Windows Media Connect (based on an HP WHS with an Atom), it plays choppily. When i open Resource Monitor, it shows that after ordering the music to play, memory usage rapidly spikes to consume most, if not all, of the available memory on my system (excluding a couple hundred megabytes in standby). Why does it do this and is there anything i can do to stop it? Edit: it happens when I attempt to browse the server's music, not just when i play music. Edit 2: the "ehshell" process is what consumes the memory, appears to me something specific to media center. Moreover, the ehshell process doesn't die in this case. Edit 3: It only happens when browsing my Twonky library, and not my Windows Media Connect.

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• How can I get cross-browser consistent behavior for TR heights within a table with a set height? [migrated]

  - by Dan

  I have an arbitrary number of tables with an arbitrary number of rows in each, and all tables are the same height. My initial approach was to just set the overall height of the table and hope the rows were smart enough to distribute themselves appropriately. That's not the case. I have 4 different behaviors going on with 4 browsers, but I need them to all render at the very least in a similar way. Safari & Chrome (WebKit): All rows are equal height, creating scroll bars as needed and fitting within table height. Firefox: All rows are the height necessary to fit their content, with the remaining rows overflowing out of the table. Additionally, If the content of the rows does not take up all of the height, only the part of the table with content in it takes the background (though it seems, through use of Firebug, that the actual table [and TR] extend to the bottom of the proper table height). IE: All rows are the height necessary to fit their content, with the remaining rows overflowing out of the table. Obviously this only includes one version of each browser and additional variation would likely appear with more being tested. Ideally, a solution where the browser renders TRs with less content smaller than those with larger content, while still using scrolling within the variable height TRs when the overall height of the table is not enough would be optimum. I could potentially see a solution to achieve that with JS, but can it be done with CSS? Or, if not, can the behavior that WebKit displays be made to work across the browsers? Thanks! PS: Example can be found here.

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• Logon script does not run for all users

  - by Herohtar

  We have a standalone common-use workstation running Windows XP Pro SP3 and have created a script using Javascript (scriptname.js) that is to be run for each user. The file was added as a user logon script via gpedit.msc and tested using a newly created user account as well as an existing user account. The script ran and functioned as intended on both accounts; however, a few existing users have informed us that the script is not running on their accounts. All user accounts are members of the same groups and have identical permissions. We already have an existing script (but in this case, a batch file) that is applied in the same manner and it runs for all accounts without any problems. Furthermore, on the accounts where the new script does not run during logon, it can still be run manually and works fine. So the question is: what would cause this script to not run during logon on certain accounts? Thanks!

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• How to setup a tunneled connection to a NAS?

  - by Jan

  Hi there, While looking into alternatives for Dropbox I explored the idea of a NAS. It would be easy to hook up the NAS to a broadband connection and have the users access the files. However, - The data needs to be encrypted on the NAS itself (in case it gets stolen). - The connection to the NAS needs to be secure (VPN?). - The drive needs to appear as a drive under windows (so no https). Any ideas? Thanks in advance, I can't seem to find the final solution! Jan

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• Mirroring MySQL server with diffrent configuration

  - by HTF

  I have to migrate MySQL server to a different data centre so I would like to create another MySQL slave server in new DC and then promote it to a master later on. I previously used LVM snapshots and Percona Xtrabackup for this purpose but this time I've optimized MySQL configuration file that prevents me from using these methods. Old server (backup): innodb_log_file_size = 256M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 New server (restore): innodb_log_file_size = 512M innodb_log_files_in_group = 2 The Xtrabackup script and LVM snapshots copy the whole directory structure so the MySQL server won't start because there is a different size for InnoDB logs. Is there any solution to avoid a downtime in this case? I can't use mysqldumps as there is around 8000 databases so I would have to take the server down for a couple of hours. I was also thinking to use the old settings with Xtrabackup and then change it once the new server is promoted to a master - less downtime but I'm not sure if this will work? Thank you Regards

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• Macbook Pro (SantaRosa) internal display not detected by graphics card, external monitor OK

  - by BLAU

  My MacBook Pro (2.4 Ghz, Santa Rosa with infamous nVidia card) acts strange. It shows the normal gray screen with Apple logo and animation flawlessly during start up but the internal display goes black without any rendering at all when all is loaded. (shining a light on display show nothing) If an external monitor is connected through the DVI port it will remain black during start up and then show the desktop as the internal display goes black. This happens both while booting to Mountain Lion and Windows XP. I have checked "About my Mac" and only the external display is listed. The same is the case if I use the nVidia Control panel in Windows XP. My questions: Is this a hardware problem or is it related to software maybe even firmware? What controls the display during start up, graphics card or something else?

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• Visual Studio 2012 first impressions...no Macros!

  - by bconlon

  Yesterday I installed Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 for the first time (all 8.5GB) and after 20 years of (mostly) happy times using VS they have removed Macros, one of the most handy features.The first thing I wanted to do when I upgraded my VS2010 project was to add a #elseif block to each file. This would usually be simple case of find in files of the previous #elseif and then Ctrl+Shift+R to record a macro which would be: F8 (to select the next file from find list), F3 (to find the correct position in file), Ctrl+V to paste the new code. Then all I would need to do is keep Ctrl+Shift+P (Play Macro) pressed until all the files were processed.But alas Ctrl+Shift+R does nothing! I won’t say that I use Macros every day but it was a very useful feature.To continue my moaning a little more, I also don't like the bland interface. This has been well documented by others, but now I have used it myself, I find it difficult to tell one grey area of screen from another and the lack of colour makes the icons unclear.I also don't see why the menus now need to SHOUT in capital letters?On the plus side, they have now added the ability to see WPF properties in the debugger...a bit of an oversight in Visual Studio 2010. Oh, but you still can't edit and continue on files that contain templated code.Whilst Visual Studio 2012 is not a complete disaster like Windows 8 (why develop a desk top OS to be the same as a Smart device OS), it does not float my boat.Rant over.#

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• Help me choose an Open-Source license

  - by Spartan-117A

  So I've done lots of open-source work. I have released many projects, most of which have fallen under GPL, LGPL, or BSD licensing. Now I have a new project (an implementation library), and I can't find a license that meets my needs (although I believe one may exist, hence this question). This is the list of things I'm looking for in the license. Appropriate credit given for ALL usage or derivative works. No warranty expressed or implied. The library may be freely used in ANY other open-source/free-software product (regardless of license, GPL, BSD, EPL, etc). The library may be used in closed-source/commercial products ONLY WITH WRITTEN PERMISSION. GPL - Useless to me, obviously, as it completely precludes any and all closed-source use, violating requirement (4). BSD/LGPL/MIT - Won't work, because they wouldn't require closed-source developers to get my permission, violating requirement (4). If it wasn't for that, BSD (FreeBSD in particular) would look like a good choice here. EPL/MPL - Won't work either, as the code couldn't be combined with GPL-code, therefore violating requirement (3). Also I'm pretty sure they allow commercial works without asking permission, so they don't meet (4) either. Dual-licensing is an option, but in that case, what combination would hold to all four requirements? Basically, I want BSD minus the commercial use, plus an option to use in commercial/closed-source as long as the developer has my written permission. EDIT: At the moment, thinking something like multiple-licensing under GPL/LGPL plus something else for commercial?

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• Backing up Windows 2003 Server that has Certificate Authority

  - by Dina

  I want to export and migrate a Certificate Authority CA role from a Windows 2003 machine to a new copy of Windows 2008 R2 virtual machine. I was told that I cannot have 2 CA roles on the same network at the same time. Therefore, I must first export the certificates on the older machine, delete the CA role, then add the CA role on the new machine and import the certificates into it. As a safety precaution, I am tasked to find a backup solution in case this does not work and I need to revert back to the old Windows 2003 CA. My question is: What is the best software for doing this type of backup? I am currently trying out Symantec Backup Exec 2012. Which I hope will allow me to create a backup prior to removing CA role on Windows 2003. If this CA migration fails, the backup will allow me to revert the old machine to a time before I removed its CA role.

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• Suggestions on providing HA access to an external (fibre) RAID subsystem

  - by user145198

  We are looking at upgrading our storage capacity with an external RAID subsystem that has redundant (2) fibre controllers, each controller has 4 x 8 Gbps fibre ports. I would like to make access to this storage system occur via HA Linux. Ideally I would connect 2 fibre ports from each controller into each Linux server, and then export either NFS or iSCSI via a 10 Gbe interface. I have seen plenty of references to DRBD, however all of those references tend to use block storage that is solely attached to each machine, rather than having a shared block storage device, so I am unsure if DRBD could (or should) be used in this case. Ideas?

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• Recommendations for stable, reliable flash drives

  - by Josh Kelley

  We're looking to purchase some flash drives for use in some embedded devices. Most of our requirements aren't too different the generic "good, fast" flash drive: reliability is very important, speed is good, and so that the drive will fit, the case shouldn't be too large (so no OCZ Throttles). Consistency is also a major priority; we'd like to be able to buy more or less the same product a year or two from now without having to worry about the manufacturer swapping drive components with less reliable or slower parts. (We've been burned already by our previous manufacturer doing this.) Any recommendations, especially regarding consistency? I can read Ars Technica to get an overview of current models, but what are consistently good models?

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• Difference between tc qdisc and netdev_max_backlog

  - by Mediocre Gopher

  I'm wondering what the difference between these two things on linux is. According to the docs tc qdisc can be used to set the queue size for egress and ingress packets coming in and out of the NIC (or that's how I understood it). But from what I understand netdev_max_backlog can also be used to set this. If I were to set both of them which would be used? Or are there actually two queues that are being manipulated in this case? If there are two queues, which queue is above the other (if the application is at the top and the hardware at the bottom)?

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• How to store prices that have effective dates?

  - by lal00

  I have a list of products. Each of them is offered by N providers. Each providers quotes us a price for a specific date. That price is effective until that provider decides to set a new price. In that case, the provider will give the new price with a new date. The MySQL table header currently looks like: provider_id, product_id, price, date_price_effective Every other day, we compile a list of products/prices that are effective for the current day. For each product, the list contains a sorted list of the providers that have that particular product. In that way, we can order certain products from whoever happens to offer the best price. To get the effective prices, I have a SQL statement that returns all rows that have date_price_effective >= NOW(). That result set is processed with a ruby script that does the sorting and filtering necessary to obtain a file that looks like this: product_id_1,provider_1,provider_3,provider8,provider_10... product_id_2,provider_3,provider_2,provider1,provider_10... This works fine for our purposes, but I still have an itch that a SQL table is probably not the best way to store this kind of information. I have that feeling that this kind of problema has been solved previously in other more creative ways. Is there a better way to store this information other than in SQL? or, if using SQL, is there a better approach than the one I'm using?

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• Localized database for customers

  - by Jim

  The company I work for, has just moved to AWS - and currently they have one very large central database with the instance currently located in America. However, one of their clients has requested that all of their data is held in the EU. So creating an AWS instance in Ireland isn't a problem, the problem is the database and how to manage it. We were considering having another database that runs in the EU for European customers, and use a different primary key step, so that the primary keys will never conflict in case the two locations need to be merged in the future. The problem is, if we have a customer that uses our system in both America, and the EU we would have to create 2 accounts for that user, and reporting across both regions would not be possible as the connection time would be too high. Is there an alternative to set this up?

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• pinx 501 with print server - 10 licenses

  - by ra170

  I have pix 501 with only 10 licenses. I'm already approaching this limit, running 2 computers at home, 2 laptops, PS3, iphones, 2 web cams..not everthing is on all the time, but it's possible as I'm looking into adding a print server, so that I can print from anywhere in the house. So my question is, will the print server count as a connection towards the license? I think it will need default gateway, which in this case will be my pix 501. I've seen somewhere on some othee board saying, don't set default gateway in the print server to pix 501, but then how would that work? is there a work around? I don't need to print from VPN or from outside, just inside..

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