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  • 3D Camera Problem

    - by Chris
    I allow the user to look around the scene by holding down the left mouse button and moving the mouse. The problem that I have is I can be facing one direction, I move the mouse up and the view tilts up, I move down and the view titles down. If I spin around 180 my left and right still works fine, but when I move the mouse up the view tilts down, and when I move the mouse down the view titles up. This is the code I am using, can anyone see what the problem with the logic is? var viewDir = g_math.subVector(target, g_eye); var rotatedViewDir = []; rotatedViewDir[0] = (Math.cos(g_mouseXDelta * g_rotationDelta) * viewDir[0]) - (Math.sin(g_mouseXDelta * g_rotationDelta) * viewDir[2]); rotatedViewDir[1] = viewDir[1]; rotatedViewDir[2] = (Math.cos(g_mouseXDelta * g_rotationDelta) * viewDir[2]) + (Math.sin(g_mouseXDelta * g_rotationDelta) * viewDir[0]); viewDir = rotatedViewDir; rotatedViewDir[0] = viewDir[0]; rotatedViewDir[1] = (Math.cos(g_mouseYDelta * g_rotationDelta * -1) * viewDir[1]) - (Math.sin(g_mouseYDelta * g_rotationDelta * -1) * viewDir[2]); rotatedViewDir[2] = (Math.cos(g_mouseYDelta * g_rotationDelta * -1) * viewDir[2]) + (Math.sin(g_mouseYDelta * g_rotationDelta * -1) * viewDir[1]); g_lookingDir = rotatedViewDir; var newtarget = g_math.addVector(rotatedViewDir, g_eye);

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  • GLSL Shader Texture Performance

    - by Austin
    I currently have a project that renders OpenGL video using a vertex and fragment shader. The shaders work fine as-is, but in trying to add in texturing, I am running into performance issues and can't figure out why. Before adding texturing, my program ran just fine and loaded my CPU between 0%-4%. When adding texturing (specifically textures AND color -- noted by comment below), my CPU is 100% loaded. The only code I have added is the relevant texturing code to the shader, and the "glBindTexture()" calls to the rendering code. Here are my shaders and relevant rending code. Vertex Shader: #version 150 uniform mat4 mvMatrix; uniform mat4 mvpMatrix; uniform mat3 normalMatrix; uniform vec4 lightPosition; uniform float diffuseValue; layout(location = 0) in vec3 vertex; layout(location = 1) in vec3 color; layout(location = 2) in vec3 normal; layout(location = 3) in vec2 texCoord; smooth out VertData { vec3 color; vec3 normal; vec3 toLight; float diffuseValue; vec2 texCoord; } VertOut; void main(void) { gl_Position = mvpMatrix * vec4(vertex, 1.0); VertOut.normal = normalize(normalMatrix * normal); VertOut.toLight = normalize(vec3(mvMatrix * lightPosition - gl_Position)); VertOut.color = color; VertOut.diffuseValue = diffuseValue; VertOut.texCoord = texCoord; } Fragment Shader: #version 150 smooth in VertData { vec3 color; vec3 normal; vec3 toLight; float diffuseValue; vec2 texCoord; } VertIn; uniform sampler2D tex; layout(location = 0) out vec3 colorOut; void main(void) { float diffuseComp = max( dot(normalize(VertIn.normal), normalize(VertIn.toLight)) ), 0.0); vec4 color = texture2D(tex, VertIn.texCoord); colorOut = color.rgb * diffuseComp * VertIn.diffuseValue + color.rgb * (1 - VertIn.diffuseValue); // FOLLOWING LINE CAUSES PERFORMANCE ISSUES colorOut *= VertIn.color; } Relevant Rendering Code: // 3 textures have been successfully pre-loaded, and can be used // texture[0] is a 1x1 white texture to effectively turn off texturing glUseProgram(program); // Draw squares glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[1]); // Set attributes, uniforms, etc glDrawArrays(GL_QUADS, 0, 6*4); // Draw triangles glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]); // Set attributes, uniforms, etc glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3*4); // Draw reference planes glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]); // Set attributes, uniforms, etc glDrawArrays(GL_LINES, 0, 4*81*2); // Draw terrain glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[2]); // Set attributes, uniforms, etc glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 501*501*6); // Release glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0); glUseProgram(0); Any help is greatly appreciated!

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  • importing BaseGameUtils library

    - by David
    Hey :) I am trying to add the BaseGameUtils library to my workspace, I am using this guide: https://developers.google.com/games/services/android/init , I have downloaded from here :https://developers.google.com/games/services/downloads/ The BaseGameUtils sample but when I am trying to import it using Eclipse it gives me so many wrong things like Main,MainActivity and not the real BaseGameUtils, what is wrong here?

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  • Calculating collision force with AfterCollision/NormalImpulse is unreliable when IgnoreCCD = false?

    - by Michael
    I'm using Farseer Physics Engine 3.3.1 in a very simple XNA 4 test game. (Note: I'm also tagging this Box2D, because Farseer is a direct port of Box2D and I will happily accept Box2D answers that solve this problem.) In this game, I'm creating two bodies. The first body is created using BodyFactory.CreateCircle and BodyType.Dynamic. This body can be moved around using the keyboard (which sets Body.LinearVelocity). The second body is created using BodyFactory.CreateRectangle and BodyType.Static. This body is static and never moves. Then I'm using this code to calculate the force of collision when the two bodies collide: staticBody.FixtureList[0].AfterCollision += new AfterCollisionEventHandler(AfterCollision); protected void AfterCollision(Fixture fixtureA, Fixture fixtureB, Contact contact) { float maxImpulse = 0f; for (int i = 0; i < contact.Manifold.PointCount; i++) maxImpulse = Math.Max(maxImpulse, contact.Manifold.Points[i].NormalImpulse); // maxImpulse should contain the force of the collision } This code works great if both of these bodies are set to IgnoreCCD=true. I can calculate the force of collision between them 100% reliably. Perfect. But here's the problem: If I set the bodies to IgnoreCCD=false, that code becomes wildly unpredictable. AfterCollision is called reliably, but for some reason the NormalImpulse is 0 about 75% of the time, so only about one in four collisions is registered. Worse still, the NormalImpulse seems to be zero for completely random reasons. The dynamic body can collide with the static body 10 times in a row in virtually exactly the same way, and only 2 or 3 of the hits will register with a NormalImpulse greater than zero. Setting IgnoreCCD=true on both bodies instantly solves the problem, but then I lose continuous physics detection. Why is this happening and how can I fix it? Here's a link to a simple XNA 4 solution that demonstrates this problem in action: http://www.mediafire.com/?a1w242q9sna54j4

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  • Scaling Down Pixel Art?

    - by Michael Stum
    There's plenty of algorithms to scale up pixel art (I prefer hqx personally), but are there any notable algorithms to scale it down? In my case, the game is designed to run at 1280x720, but if someone plays at a lower resolution I want it to still look good. Most Pixel Art discussions center around 320x200 or 640x480 and upscaling for use in console emulators, but I wonder how modern 2D games like the Monkey Island Remake look good on lower resolutions? (Ignoring the options of having multiple versions of assets (essentially, mipmapping))

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  • Z Order in 2D with orthographic projection and texture atlas

    - by Carbon Crystal
    I am working with a 2D game in OpenGL ES and have a question about z-order together with a texture atlas. I am using an orthographic projection because I want pixel-perfect rendering of 2D sprites, however from what I can determine the draw order is really the only thing that will determine which textures (sprites) appear above or below their neighbors. That is, the "z-index" is a function of the order in which the textures are drawn as opposed to the z coordinate on the vertex array being drawn. So.. I have a texture atlas to save binding multiple textures for each draw call but this immediately creates a problem if there is more than one atlas in play. If I need to draw textures from more than one atlas (typically the case if I have too many sprites to fit in a single atlas of a reasonable size), then I can't maintain a "draw order" across atlases unless I want to bind/unbind the atlas textures more than once.. which kinda defeats the purpose. Does anyone have any clues as to what the best approach is here? Currently I'm running under an assumption that I will have to declare different fixed "depths" (e.g foreground, background etc) in my 2D scene and assume that the z-order for sprites at a given depth is the same. Then I can have as many atlases as I need at each depth and simply draw the depths in order (along with their associated atlases) I'd love to hear what other people are doing.

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  • Robust line of sight test on the inside of a polygon with tolerance

    - by David Gouveia
    Foreword This is a followup to this question and the main problem I'm trying to solve. My current solution is an hack which involves inflating the polygon, and doing most calculations on the inflated polygon instead. My goal is to remove this step completely, and correctly solve the problem with calculations only. Problem Given a concave polygon and treating all of its edges as if they were walls in a level, determine whether two points A and B are in line of sight of each other, while accounting for some degree of floating point errors. I'm currently basing my solution on a series of line-segment interection tests. In other words: If any of the end points are outside the polygon, they are not in line of sight. If both end points are inside the polygon, and the line segment from A to B crosses any of the edges from the polygon, then they are not in line of sight. If both end points are inside the polygon, and the line segment from A to B does not cross any of the edges from the polygon, then they are in line of sight. But the problem is dealing correctly with all the edge cases. In particular, it must be able to deal with all the situations depicted below, where red lines are examples that should be rejected, and green lines are examples that should be accepted. I probably missed a few other situations, such as when the line segment from A to B is colinear with an edge, but one of the end points is outside the polygon. One point of particular interest is the difference between 1 and 9. In both cases, both end points are vertices of the polygon, and there are no edges being intersected, but 1 should be rejected while 9 should be accepted. How to distinguish these two? I could check some middle point within the segment to see if it falls inside or not, but it's easy to come up with situations in which it would fail. Point 7 was also pretty tricky and I had to to treat it as a special case, which checks if two points are adjacent vertices of the polygon directly. But there are also other chances of line segments being col linear with the edges of the polygon, and I'm still not entirely sure how I should handle those cases. Is there any well known solution to this problem?

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  • Cocos2d and Body with few collision shapes using chipmunk

    - by Eimantas
    I'm using Cocos2d (0.99.5) with chipmunk physics engine. Currently I'm trying to place a body into space which is combined from few circle shapes. Let's say I have a corresponding sprite image with displays atom (nucleus + 3 electrons around it. Something like this without orbit lines). In it's simplest form - only one circle shape at the center should be enough which would detect collisions from other objects with nucleus. Now I'd like to add other circle shapes for each electron. How can I do that? Now when I add those shapes to the body and add the body into chipmunk space - the shapes (together with the body/sprite) start flickering and spinning with no recognizable pattern (or reason for that matter).

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  • Why can we recognize game engines?

    - by Bart van Heukelom
    About many games you can say "oh that's the Unreal engine for sure", "this was made by upgrading GTA 4", etc. We can often recognize the engine used for a game just by looking at its graphics (disregarding menus and such). I'm wondering, why is this? All game engines use the same 3D rendering technology that we all use, and the different games usually have a distinct art style, so what's left to recognize?

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  • OpenGL Shading Program Object Memory Requirement

    - by Hans Wurst
    gDEbugger states that OpenGL's program objects only occupy an insignificant amount of memory. How much is this actually? I don't know if the stuff I looked up in mesa is actually that I was looking for but it requires 16KB [Edit: false, confusing struct names, less than 1KB immediate, some further behind pointers] per program object. Not quite insignificant. So is it recommended to create a unique program object for each object of the scene? Or to share a single program object and set the scene's object's custom variables just before its draw call?

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  • 2D game collision response: SAT & minimum displacement along a given axis?

    - by Archagon
    I'm trying to implement a collision system in a 2D game I'm making. The separating axis theorem (as described by metanet's collision tutorial) seems like an efficient and robust way of handling collision detection, but I don't quite like the collision response method they use. By blindly displacing along the axis of least overlap, the algorithm simply ignores the previous position of the moving object, which means that it doesn't collide with the stationary object so much as it enters it and then bounces out. Here's an example of a situation where this would matter: According to the SAT method described above, the rectangle would simply pop out of the triangle perpendicular to its hypotenuse: However, realistically, the rectangle should stop at the lower right corner of the triangle, as that would be the point of first collision if it were moving continuously along its displacement vector: Now, this might not actually matter during gameplay, but I'd love to know if there's a way of efficiently and generally attaining accurate displacements in this manner. I've been racking my brains over it for the past few days, and I don't want to give up yet! (Cross-posted from StackOverflow, hope that's not against the rules!)

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  • Combine 3D objects in XNA 4

    - by Christoph
    Currently I am writing on my thesis for university, the theme I am working on is 3D Visualization of hierarchical structures using cone trees. I want to do is to draw a cone and arrange a number of spheres at the bottom of the cone. The spheres should be arranged according to the radius and the number of spheres correctly. As you can imagine I need a lot of these cone/sphere combinations. First Attempt I was able to find some tutorials that helped with drawing cones and spheres. Cone public Cone(GraphicsDevice device, float height, int tessellation, string name, List<Sphere> children) { //prepare children and calculate the children spacing and radius of the cone if (children == null || children.Count == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("children"); } this.Height = height; this.Name = name; this.Children = children; //create the cone if (tessellation < 3) { throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("tessellation"); } //Create a ring of triangels around the outside of the cones bottom for (int i = 0; i < tessellation; i++) { Vector3 normal = this.GetCircleVector(i, tessellation); // add the vertices for the top of the cone base.AddVertex(Vector3.Up * height, normal); //add the bottom circle base.AddVertex(normal * this.radius + Vector3.Down * height, normal); //Add indices base.AddIndex(i * 2); base.AddIndex(i * 2 + 1); base.AddIndex((i * 2 + 2) % (tessellation * 2)); base.AddIndex(i * 2 + 1); base.AddIndex((i * 2 + 3) % (tessellation * 2)); base.AddIndex((i * 2 + 2) % (tessellation * 2)); } //create flate triangle to seal the bottom this.CreateCap(tessellation, height, this.Radius, Vector3.Down); base.InitializePrimitive(device); } Sphere public void Initialize(GraphicsDevice device, Vector3 qi) { int verticalSegments = this.Tesselation; int horizontalSegments = this.Tesselation * 2; //single vertex on the bottom base.AddVertex((qi * this.Radius) + this.lowering, Vector3.Down); for (int i = 0; i < verticalSegments; i++) { float latitude = ((i + 1) * MathHelper.Pi / verticalSegments) - MathHelper.PiOver2; float dy = (float)Math.Sin(latitude); float dxz = (float)Math.Cos(latitude); //Create a singe ring of latitudes for (int j = 0; j < horizontalSegments; j++) { float longitude = j * MathHelper.TwoPi / horizontalSegments; float dx = (float)Math.Cos(longitude) * dxz; float dz = (float)Math.Sin(longitude) * dxz; Vector3 normal = new Vector3(dx, dy, dz); base.AddVertex(normal * this.Radius, normal); } } // Finish with a single vertex at the top of the sphere. AddVertex((qi * this.Radius) + this.lowering, Vector3.Up); // Create a fan connecting the bottom vertex to the bottom latitude ring. for (int i = 0; i < horizontalSegments; i++) { AddIndex(0); AddIndex(1 + (i + 1) % horizontalSegments); AddIndex(1 + i); } // Fill the sphere body with triangles joining each pair of latitude rings. for (int i = 0; i < verticalSegments - 2; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < horizontalSegments; j++) { int nextI = i + 1; int nextJ = (j + 1) % horizontalSegments; base.AddIndex(1 + i * horizontalSegments + j); base.AddIndex(1 + i * horizontalSegments + nextJ); base.AddIndex(1 + nextI * horizontalSegments + j); base.AddIndex(1 + i * horizontalSegments + nextJ); base.AddIndex(1 + nextI * horizontalSegments + nextJ); base.AddIndex(1 + nextI * horizontalSegments + j); } } // Create a fan connecting the top vertex to the top latitude ring. for (int i = 0; i < horizontalSegments; i++) { base.AddIndex(CurrentVertex - 1); base.AddIndex(CurrentVertex - 2 - (i + 1) % horizontalSegments); base.AddIndex(CurrentVertex - 2 - i); } base.InitializePrimitive(device); } The tricky part now is to arrange the spheres at the bottom of the cone. I tried is to draw just the cone and then draw the spheres. I need a lot of these cones, so it would be pretty hard to calculate all the positions correctly. Second Attempt So the second try was to generate a object that builds all vertices of the cone and all of the spheres at once. So I was hoping to render a cone with all its spheres arranged correctly. After a short debug I found out that the cone is created and the first sphere, when it turn of the second sphere I am running into an OutOfBoundsException of ushort.MaxValue. Cone and Spheres public ConeWithSpheres(GraphicsDevice device, float height, float coneDiameter, float sphereDiameter, int coneTessellation, int sphereTessellation, int numberOfSpheres) { if (coneTessellation < 3) { throw new ArgumentException(string.Format("{0} is to small for the tessellation of the cone. The number must be greater or equal to 3", coneTessellation)); } if (sphereTessellation < 3) { throw new ArgumentException(string.Format("{0} is to small for the tessellation of the sphere. The number must be greater or equal to 3", sphereTessellation)); } //set properties this.Height = height; this.ConeDiameter = coneDiameter; this.SphereDiameter = sphereDiameter; this.NumberOfChildren = numberOfSpheres; //end set properties //generate the cone this.GenerateCone(device, coneTessellation); //generate the spheres //vector that defines the Y position of the sphere on the cones bottom Vector3 lowering = new Vector3(0, 0.888f, 0); this.GenerateSpheres(device, sphereTessellation, numberOfSpheres, lowering); } // ------ GENERATE CONE ------ private void GenerateCone(GraphicsDevice device, int coneTessellation) { int doubleTessellation = coneTessellation * 2; //Create a ring of triangels around the outside of the cones bottom for (int index = 0; index < coneTessellation; index++) { Vector3 normal = this.GetCircleVector(index, coneTessellation); //add the vertices for the top of the cone base.AddVertex(Vector3.Up * this.Height, normal); //add the bottom of the cone base.AddVertex(normal * this.ConeRadius + Vector3.Down * this.Height, normal); //add indices base.AddIndex(index * 2); base.AddIndex(index * 2 + 1); base.AddIndex((index * 2 + 2) % doubleTessellation); base.AddIndex(index * 2 + 1); base.AddIndex((index * 2 + 3) % doubleTessellation); base.AddIndex((index * 2 + 2) % doubleTessellation); } //create flate triangle to seal the bottom this.CreateCap(coneTessellation, this.Height, this.ConeRadius, Vector3.Down); base.InitializePrimitive(device); } // ------ GENERATE SPHERES ------ private void GenerateSpheres(GraphicsDevice device, int sphereTessellation, int numberOfSpheres, Vector3 lowering) { int verticalSegments = sphereTessellation; int horizontalSegments = sphereTessellation * 2; for (int childCount = 1; childCount < numberOfSpheres; childCount++) { //single vertex at the bottom of the sphere base.AddVertex((this.GetCircleVector(childCount, this.NumberOfChildren) * this.SphereRadius) + lowering, Vector3.Down); for (int verticalSegmentsCount = 0; verticalSegmentsCount < verticalSegments; verticalSegmentsCount++) { float latitude = ((verticalSegmentsCount + 1) * MathHelper.Pi / verticalSegments) - MathHelper.PiOver2; float dy = (float)Math.Sin(latitude); float dxz = (float)Math.Cos(latitude); //create a single ring of latitudes for (int horizontalSegmentsCount = 0; horizontalSegmentsCount < horizontalSegments; horizontalSegmentsCount++) { float longitude = horizontalSegmentsCount * MathHelper.TwoPi / horizontalSegments; float dx = (float)Math.Cos(longitude) * dxz; float dz = (float)Math.Sin(longitude) * dxz; Vector3 normal = new Vector3(dx, dy, dz); base.AddVertex((normal * this.SphereRadius) + lowering, normal); } } //finish with a single vertex at the top of the sphere base.AddVertex((this.GetCircleVector(childCount, this.NumberOfChildren) * this.SphereRadius) + lowering, Vector3.Up); //create a fan connecting the bottom vertex to the bottom latitude ring for (int i = 0; i < horizontalSegments; i++) { base.AddIndex(0); base.AddIndex(1 + (i + 1) % horizontalSegments); base.AddIndex(1 + i); } //Fill the sphere body with triangles joining each pair of latitude rings for (int i = 0; i < verticalSegments - 2; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < horizontalSegments; j++) { int nextI = i + 1; int nextJ = (j + 1) % horizontalSegments; base.AddIndex(1 + i * horizontalSegments + j); base.AddIndex(1 + i * horizontalSegments + nextJ); base.AddIndex(1 + nextI * horizontalSegments + j); base.AddIndex(1 + i * horizontalSegments + nextJ); base.AddIndex(1 + nextI * horizontalSegments + nextJ); base.AddIndex(1 + nextI * horizontalSegments + j); } } //create a fan connecting the top vertiex to the top latitude for (int i = 0; i < horizontalSegments; i++) { base.AddIndex(this.CurrentVertex - 1); base.AddIndex(this.CurrentVertex - 2 - (i + 1) % horizontalSegments); base.AddIndex(this.CurrentVertex - 2 - i); } base.InitializePrimitive(device); } } Any ideas how I could fix this?

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  • Undefined fireball movement behavior

    - by optimisez
    Demonstration video I try to do after the player shoot 10 times of fireball, then delete all the fireball objects and recreate a 10 new set of fireball objects. I did it but there is a weird bug happens that sometimes the fireball will come out from top and move to the right after shooting a few times. All the 10 fireballs should follow the player all the time and all the fireball should come out from player even after a new set of fireballs is recreated. Any ideas to fix it? Variables typedef struct gameObject{ float X; float Y; int length; int height; bool action; }; // Fireball #define FIREBALL_NUM 10 LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 fireball = NULL; RECT fireballRect; gameObject *fireballDest = new gameObject[FIREBALL_NUM]; int iFireBallAnimation; int fireballCount = 0; Set up Fireball void setUpFireBall() { // Initialize destination rectangle, rectangle height and length for (int i = 0; i < FIREBALL_NUM; i++) { fireballDest[i].X = 0; fireballDest[i].Y = 0; fireballDest[i].length = fireballRect.right - fireballRect.left; fireballDest[i].height = fireballRect.bottom - fireballRect.top; } iFireBallAnimation = fireballRect.right - fireballRect.left; // Initialize boolean for (int i = 0; i < FIREBALL_NUM; i++) { fireballDest[i].action = false; } } Initialize fireball void initFireball() { hr = D3DXCreateTextureFromFileEx(d3dDevice, "fireball.png", 512, 512, D3DX_DEFAULT, NULL, D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, D3DX_DEFAULT, D3DX_DEFAULT, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 0), NULL, NULL, &fireball); // Initialize source rectangle fireballRect.left = 0; fireballRect.top = 256; fireballRect.right = 64; fireballRect.bottom = 320; setUpFireBall(); } Update fireball void update() { updateAnimation(); updateAI(); updatePhysics(); updateGameState(); } void updatePhysics() { motion(); collison(); } void motion() { playerMove(); playerJump(); playerGravity(); shootFireball(); fireballFollowPlayer(); } void shootFireball() { if (keyArr['Z']) fireballDest[fireballCount].action = true; if (fireballDest[fireballCount].action) { fireballDest[fireballCount].X += 10; if (fireballDest[fireballCount].X > 800) fireballCount++; } } void fireballFollowPlayer() { for (int i = 0; i < FIREBALL_NUM; i++) { if (fireballDest[i].action == false) { fireballDest[i].X = playerDest.X - 30; fireballDest[i].Y = playerDest.Y - 14; } } } void updateGameState() { // When no more fireball left, rearm fireball if (fireballCount == FIREBALL_NUM) { delete[] fireballDest; fireballDest = new gameObject[10]; fireballCount = 0; setUpFireBall(); } } Render fireball void renderFireball() { for (int i = 0; i < FIREBALL_NUM; i++) { if (fireballDest[i].action) sprite->Draw(fireball, &fireballRect, NULL, &D3DXVECTOR3(fireballDest[i].X, fireballDest[i].Y, 0), D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255,255, 255)); } }

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  • How to determine where on a path my object will be at a given point in time?

    - by Dave
    I have map and an obj that is meant to move from start to end in X amount of time. The movements are all straight lines, as curves are beyond my ability at the moment. So I am trying to get the object to move from these points, but along the way there are way points which keep it on a given path. The speed of the object is determined by how long it will take to get from start to end (based on X). This is what i have so far: //get_now() returns seconds since epoch var timepassed = get_now() - myObj[id].start; //seconds since epoch for departure var timeleft = myObj[id].end - get_now(); //seconds since epoch for arrival var journey_time = 60; //this means 60 minutes total journey time var array = [[650,250]]; //way points along the straight paths if(step == 0 || step =< array.length){ var destinationx = array[step][0]; var destinationy = array[step][1]; }else if( step == array.length){ var destinationx = 250; var destinationy = 100; } else { var destinationx = myObj[id].startx; var destinationy = myObj[id].starty; } step++; When the user logs in at any given time, the object needs to be drawn in the correct place of the path, almost as if its been travelling along the path whilst the user has not been at the PC with the available information i have above. How do I do this? Note: The camera angle in the game is a birds eye view so its a straight forward X:Y rather than isometric angles.

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  • How to move Objects smoothly like swimming arround

    - by philipp
    I have a Box2D project that is about to create a view where the user looks from the Sky onto Water. Or perhaps on a bathtub filled with water or something like this. The Object which holds the fluid actually does not matter, what matters is the movement of the bodies, because they should move like drops of grease on a soup, or wood on water, I can even imagine the the fluid is mercurial, extreme heavy and "lazy". How can I manipulate the bodies (every frame or time by time) to make them move like this? I started with randomly manipulation their linear velocity, but I turned out that this not very smooth and looks quite hard. Is it a better idea to check their velocity and apply impulses? Is there any example? Greetings philipp

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  • How can I calculate a vertex normal for a hard edge?

    - by K.G.
    Here is a picture of a lovely polygon: Circled is a vertex, and numbered are its adjacent faces. I have calculated the normals of those faces as such (not yet normalized, 0-indexed): Vertex 1 normal 0: 0.000000 0.000000 -0.250000 Vertex 1 normal 1: 0.000000 0.000000 -0.250000 Vertex 1 normal 2: -0.250000 0.000000 0.000000 Vertex 1 normal 3: -0.250000 0.000000 0.000000 Vertex 1 normal 4: 0.250000 0.000000 0.000000 What I'm wondering is, how can I determine, taken as given that I want this vertex to represent a hard edge, whether its normal should be the normal of 1/2 or 3/4? My plan after I glanced at the sketch I used to put this together was "Ha! I'll just use whichever two faces have the same normal!" and now I see that there are two sets of two faces for which this is true. Is there a rule I can apply based on the face winding, angle of the adjacent edges, moon phase, coin flip, to consistently choose a normal direction for this box? For the record, all of the other polygons I plan to use will have their normals dictated in Maya, but after encountering this problem, it made me really curious.

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  • Efficient mapping layout in 2D side-scroller, and collisions between character and the world

    - by Jack
    I haven't touched Visual Studio for a couple months now, but I was playing a game from the '90s toady and had an epiphany: I was looking for something what i didn't need, and I wasn't using what I knew correctly. One of those realizations was collision, so let me tell you a bit about my project that I was working on. The project's graphics looks like Mario or Dangerous Dave, etc., you get the idea - old-school pixels. So anyway I remember trying to think of something else than AABB for character form, but I couldn't think of anything. Perhaps I could get a suggestion for this? Another thing is the world - I don't want it to be just linear world, I want mountains, etc.. My idea is to use triangles, and no idea yet what to do if I want just part of the cube, say 3/4 or 2/4 or whatever. Hard-coding such things seems inefficient. P.S. I am not looking at the precision level offered by Box2D. Actually I remember trying to implement it at first, but I failed as my understanding of C++ wasn't advanced enough, as it'll be mentioned below. P.P.S. I am programming in C++, and I haven't done it for a couple months now. I have no means of testing it either, as my PC is broken down, and this one can barely run games from late '90s, not to speak about a compiler or a program with inefficient resource management... I am also not an expert (obviously), I don't even know if I can consider myself an average programmer. In short, I am simply curious about my thoughts and my past experience when programming the game. I may come back to it when my PC is fixed, I'm already filling a note about these things.

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  • Why does my sprite glitch when moving? [closed]

    - by rphello101
    Using Slick 2D/Java, I'm using the mouse to rotate a sprite and WASD to move it (A and D are used to strafe). I finally got the directional keys and rotation to work in sync, but I'm having problems with sporadic movement. It seems that the move speed is not always set to the value I have it at. Sometimes the sprite with just shoot across the screen. Furthermore, it seems that at 0 degrees, when the left key is pressed, the sprite moves backwards, not to the left. There also seems to be quite a bit of glitching when two keys are pressed, like left and up. Anyone see anything obvious? Here is the rotational code: int mX = Mouse.getX(); int mY = HEIGHT - Mouse.getY(); int pX = sprite.x+sprite.image.getWidth()/2; int pY = sprite.y+sprite.image.getHeight()/2; double mAng; if(mX!=pX){ mAng = Math.toDegrees(Math.atan2(mY - pY, mX - pX)); if(mAng==0 && mX<=pX) mAng=180; } else{ if(mY>pY) mAng=90; else mAng=270; } sprite.angle = mAng; sprite.image.setRotation((float) mAng); Movement code: Input input = gc.getInput(); Vector2f direction = new Vector2f(); Vector2f velocity = new Vector2f(); Vector2f left; Vector2f right; direction.x = (float) Math.cos(Math.toRadians(sprite.angle)); direction.y = (float) Math.sin(Math.toRadians(sprite.angle)); if(direction.length()>0) direction = direction.normalise(); left = new Vector2f(-direction.y, direction.x); right = new Vector2f(direction.y, -direction.x); velocity.x = (float) (direction.x * sprite.moveSpeed); velocity.y = (float) (direction.y * sprite.moveSpeed); if(input.isKeyDown(sprite.up)){ sprite.x += velocity.x*delta; sprite.y += velocity.y*delta; }if (input.isKeyDown(sprite.down)){ sprite.x -= velocity.x*delta; sprite.y -= velocity.y*delta; }if (input.isKeyDown(sprite.left)){ sprite.x += left.x * sprite.moveSpeed * delta; sprite.y += left.y * sprite.moveSpeed * delta; }if (input.isKeyDown(sprite.right)){ sprite.x += right.x * sprite.moveSpeed * delta; sprite.y += right.y * sprite.moveSpeed * delta; }

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  • Fast pixelshader 2D raytracing

    - by heishe
    I'd like to do a simple 2D shadow calculation algorithm by rendering my environment into a texture, and then use raytracing to determine what pixels of the texture are not visible to the point light (simply handed to the shader as a vec2 position) . A simple brute force algorithm per pixel would looks like this: line_segment = line segment between current pixel of texture and light source For each pixel in the texture: { if pixel is not just empty space && pixel is on line_segment output = black else output = normal color of the pixel } This is, of course, probably not the fastest way to do it. Question is: What are faster ways to do it or what are some optimizations that can be applied to this technique?

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  • Nothing drawing on screen OpenGL with GLSL

    - by codemonkey
    I hate to be asking this kind of question here, but I am at a complete loss as to what is going wrong, so please bear with me. I am trying to render a single cube (voxel) in the center of the screen, through OpenGL with GLSL on Mac I begin by setting up everything using glut glutInit(&argc, argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA|GLUT_ALPHA|GLUT_DOUBLE|GLUT_DEPTH); glutInitWindowSize(DEFAULT_WINDOW_WIDTH, DEFAULT_WINDOW_HEIGHT); glutCreateWindow("Cubez-OSX"); glutReshapeFunc(reshape); glutDisplayFunc(render); glutIdleFunc(idle); _electricSheepEngine=new ElectricSheepEngine(DEFAULT_WINDOW_WIDTH, DEFAULT_WINDOW_HEIGHT); _electricSheepEngine->initWorld(); glutMainLoop(); Then inside the engine init camera & projection matrices: cameraPosition=glm::vec3(2,2,2); cameraTarget=glm::vec3(0,0,0); cameraUp=glm::vec3(0,0,1); glm::vec3 cameraDirection=glm::normalize(cameraPosition-cameraTarget); cameraRight=glm::cross(cameraDirection, cameraUp); cameraRight.z=0; view=glm::lookAt(cameraPosition, cameraTarget, cameraUp); lensAngle=45.0f; aspectRatio=1.0*(windowWidth/windowHeight); nearClippingPlane=0.1f; farClippingPlane=100.0f; projection=glm::perspective(lensAngle, aspectRatio, nearClippingPlane, farClippingPlane); then init shaders and check compilation and bound attributes & uniforms to be correctly bound (my previous question) These are my two shaders, vertex: #version 120 attribute vec3 position; attribute vec3 inColor; uniform mat4 mvp; varying vec3 fragColor; void main(void){ fragColor = inColor; gl_Position = mvp * vec4(position, 1.0); } and fragment: #version 120 varying vec3 fragColor; void main(void) { gl_FragColor = vec4(fragColor,1.0); } init the cube: setPosition(glm::vec3(0,0,0)); struct voxelData data[]={ //front face {{-1.0, -1.0, 1.0}, {0.0, 0.0, 1.0}}, {{ 1.0, -1.0, 1.0}, {0.0, 1.0, 1.0}}, {{ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0}, {0.0, 0.0, 1.0}}, {{-1.0, 1.0, 1.0}, {0.0, 1.0, 1.0}}, //back face {{-1.0, -1.0, -1.0}, {0.0, 0.0, 1.0}}, {{ 1.0, -1.0, -1.0}, {0.0, 1.0, 1.0}}, {{ 1.0, 1.0, -1.0}, {0.0, 0.0, 1.0}}, {{-1.0, 1.0, -1.0}, {0.0, 1.0, 1.0}} }; glGenBuffers(1, &modelVerticesBufferObject); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, modelVerticesBufferObject); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(data), data, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); const GLubyte indices[] = { // Front 0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 0, // Back 4, 6, 5, 4, 7, 6, // Left 2, 7, 3, 7, 6, 2, // Right 0, 4, 1, 4, 1, 5, // Top 6, 2, 1, 1, 6, 5, // Bottom 0, 3, 7, 0, 7, 4 }; glGenBuffers(1, &modelFacesBufferObject); glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, modelFacesBufferObject); glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); and then the render call: glClearColor(0.52, 0.8, 0.97, 1.0); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); //use the shader glUseProgram(shaderProgram); //enable attributes in program glEnableVertexAttribArray(shaderAttribute_position); glEnableVertexAttribArray(shaderAttribute_color); //model matrix using model position vector glm::mat4 mvp=projection*view*voxel->getModelMatrix(); glUniformMatrix4fv(shaderAttribute_mvp, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(mvp)); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, voxel->modelVerticesBufferObject); glVertexAttribPointer(shaderAttribute_position, // attribute 3, // number of elements per vertex, here (x,y) GL_FLOAT, // the type of each element GL_FALSE, // take our values as-is sizeof(struct voxelData), // coord every (sizeof) elements 0 // offset of first element ); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, voxel->modelVerticesBufferObject); glVertexAttribPointer(shaderAttribute_color, // attribute 3, // number of colour elements per vertex, here (x,y) GL_FLOAT, // the type of each element GL_FALSE, // take our values as-is sizeof(struct voxelData), // coord every (sizeof) elements (GLvoid *)(offsetof(struct voxelData, color3D)) // offset of colour data ); //draw the model by going through its elements array glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, voxel->modelFacesBufferObject); int bufferSize; glGetBufferParameteriv(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, GL_BUFFER_SIZE, &bufferSize); glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, bufferSize/sizeof(GLushort), GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0); //close up the attribute in program, no more need glDisableVertexAttribArray(shaderAttribute_position); glDisableVertexAttribArray(shaderAttribute_color); but on screen all I get is the clear color :$ I generate my model matrix using: modelMatrix=glm::translate(glm::mat4(1.0), position); which in debug turns out to be for the position of (0,0,0): |1, 0, 0, 0| |0, 1, 0, 0| |0, 0, 1, 0| |0, 0, 0, 1| Sorry for such a question, I know it is annoying to look at someone's code, but I promise I have tried to debug around and figure it out as much as I can, and can't come to a solution Help a noob please? EDIT: Full source here, if anyone wants

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  • Constructive criticsm on my linear sampling Gaussian blur

    - by Aequitas
    I've been attempting to implement a gaussian blur utilising linear sampling, I've come across a few articles presented on the web and a question posed here which dealt with the topic. I've now attempted to implement my own Gaussian function and pixel shader drawing reference from these articles. This is how I'm currently calculating my weights and offsets: int support = int(sigma * 3.0) weights.push_back(exp(-(0*0)/(2*sigma*sigma))/(sqrt(2*pi)*sigma)); total += weights.back(); offsets.push_back(0); for (int i = 1; i <= support; i++) { float w1 = exp(-(i*i)/(2*sigma*sigma))/(sqrt(2*pi)*sigma); float w2 = exp(-((i+1)*(i+1))/(2*sigma*sigma))/(sqrt(2*pi)*sigma); weights.push_back(w1 + w2); total += 2.0f * weights[i]; offsets.push_back(w1 / weights[i]); } for (int i = 0; i < support; i++) { weights[i] /= total; } Here is an example of my vertical pixel shader: vec3 acc = texture2D(tex_object, v_tex_coord.st).rgb*weights[0]; vec2 pixel_size = vec2(1.0 / tex_size.x, 1.0 / tex_size.y); for (int i = 1; i < NUM_SAMPLES; i++) { acc += texture2D(tex_object, (v_tex_coord.st+(vec2(0.0, offsets[i])*pixel_size))).rgb*weights[i]; acc += texture2D(tex_object, (v_tex_coord.st-(vec2(0.0, offsets[i])*pixel_size))).rgb*weights[i]; } gl_FragColor = vec4(acc, 1.0); Am I taking the correct route with this? Any criticism or potential tips to improving my method would be much appreciated.

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  • XNA - Moving Background Calculations

    - by Jesse Emond
    Hi, My question is relatively hard to explain(for me, at least), so I'll go one step at a time and just tell me in the comments if it's not clear enough. So I'm making a "Defend Your Castle" type 2D game, where two players own a castle and create units that will move horizontally to try to destroy the opponent's base. Here's a screenshot of the game: The distance between both castles is much bigger in a real game though, bigger than the screen's width actually. Because the distance is bigger than the screen's width, I had to implement a simple 2D camera: Camera2D, which only holds a Location Vector2 (and I always make sure this camera is within the field area). Then, I just move all the game elements(castles, units, health bars) by that location, so that if a unit is at (5, 0), and the camera's location is (5, 0), then the unit's position will be moved by 5 units to the left, making it (0, 0) on the screen. At first, I simply used a static background with mountains and clouds(yeah, those are supposed to be mountains and clouds). Obviously, this looked awful: when you moved the camera, the background would stay immobile. Instead, I'd like to make a moving background, kind of a "scrolling" one. But rather than making a background with the same width as the distance between the castles, I'd like to make one that is a little bit smaller(but still bigger than the screen's width). I thought this would create an effect of "distance" with the background(but it might just look awful, too). Here's the background I'm testing with: I tried different ways, but none of them seems to work. I tried this: float backgroundFieldRatio = BackgroundTexture.Width / fieldWidth;//find the ratio between the background and the field. float backgroundPositionX = -cam.Location.X * backgroundFieldRatio;//move the background to the left When I run this with fieldWith = 1600, BackgroundTexture.Width = 1500 and while looking at the rightmost area, the background is offset to the left by a too big amount, and we can see the black clear color in the back, as you can see here: I hope I explained properly what I'm trying to achieve. Thank you for your time. Note: I didn't know what to look for on Google, so I thought I'd ask here.

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  • Ideas for attack damage algorithm (language irrelevant)

    - by Dillon
    I am working on a game and I need ideas for the damage that will be done to the enemy when your player attacks. The total amount of health that the enemy has is called enemyHealth, and has a value of 1000. You start off with a weapon that does 40 points of damage (may be changed.) The player has an attack stat that you can increase, called playerAttack. This value starts off at 1, and has a possible max value of 100 after you level it up many times and make it farther into the game. The amount of damage that the weapon does is cut and dry, and subtracts 40 points from the total 1000 points of health every time the enemy is hit. But what the playerAttack does is add to that value with a percentage. Here is the algorithm I have now. (I've taken out all of the gui, classes, etc. and given the variables very forward names) double totalDamage = weaponDamage + (weaponDamage*(playerAttack*.05)) enemyHealth -= (int)totalDamage; This seemed to work great for the most part. So I statrted testing some values... //enemyHealth ALWAYS starts at 1000 weaponDamage = 50; playerAttack = 30; If I set these values, the amount of damage done on the enemy is 125. Seemed like a good number, so I wanted to see what would happen if the players attack was maxed out, but with the weakest starting weapon. weaponDamage = 50; playerAttack = 100; the totalDamage ends up being 300, which would kill an enemy in just a few hits. Even with your attack that high, I wouldn't want the weakest weapon to be able to kill the enemy that fast. I thought about adding defense, but I feel the game will lose consistency and become unbalanced in the long run. Possibly a well designed algorithm for a weapon decrease modifier would work for lower level weapons or something like that. Just need a break from trying to figure out the best way to go about this, and maybe someone that has experience with games and keeping the leveling consistent could give me some ideas/pointers.

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  • Bullet Physic: Transform body after adding

    - by Mathias Hölzl
    I would like to transform a rigidbody after adding it to the btDiscreteDynamicsWorld. When I use the CF_KINEMATIC_OBJECT flag I am able to transform it but it's static (no collision response/gravity). When I don't use the CF_KINEMATIC_OBJECT flag the transform doesn't gets applied. So how to I transform non-static objects in bullet? DemoCode: btBoxShape* colShape = new btBoxShape(btVector3(SCALING*1,SCALING*1,SCALING*1)); /// Create Dynamic Objects btTransform startTransform; startTransform.setIdentity(); btScalar mass(1.f); //rigidbody is dynamic if and only if mass is non zero, otherwise static bool isDynamic = (mass != 0.f); btVector3 localInertia(0,0,0); if (isDynamic) colShape->calculateLocalInertia(mass,localInertia); btDefaultMotionState* myMotionState = new btDefaultMotionState(); btRigidBody::btRigidBodyConstructionInfo rbInfo(mass,myMotionState,colShape,localInertia); btRigidBody* body = new btRigidBody(rbInfo); body->setCollisionFlags(body->getCollisionFlags()|btCollisionObject::CF_KINEMATIC_OBJECT); body->setActivationState(DISABLE_DEACTIVATION); m_dynamicsWorld->addRigidBody(body); startTransform.setOrigin(SCALING*btVector3( btScalar(0), btScalar(20), btScalar(0) )); body->getMotionState()->setWorldTransform(startTransform);

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  • Simplest way to use Steam Leaderboards from C# [on hold]

    - by Miau
    We are about to integrate steamworks for leaderboards and achievements into our game. I see there are many open and closed source libraries that can be used to use SteamWorks from C#. Rolling our own wrapper can be done, but if the other libraries are reliable then it would be better to use and perhaps contribute back if we see any obvious gaps. Have you used any and if so what was your experience with the different libraries? Specifically for Leaderboards and achievements The ones I found are: SteamWorks.net Steam4Net Ludosity (can be used outside of Unity apparently)

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