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  • svnstat script

    - by Kyle Hodgson
    So I'm building out a shell script to check out all of our relevant svn repositories for analysis in svnstat. I've gotten all of this to work manually, now I'm writing up a bash script in cygwin on my Vista laptop, as I intend to move this to a Linux server at some point. Edit: I gave up on this and wrote a simple .bat script. I'll figure out the Linux deployment some other way. Edit: added the sleep 30 and svn log commands. I can tell now, with the svn log command, that it's not getting to the svn log ... this time, it did Applications, and ran the log, and then check out Database, and froze. I'll put the sleep 30 before and after the log this time. co2.sh #!/bin/bash function checkout { mkdir $1 svn checkout svn://dev-server/$1 $1 svn log --verbose --xml >> svn.log $1 sleep 30 } cd /cygdrive/c/Users/My\ User/Documents/Repos/wc checkout Applications checkout Database checkout WebServer/www.mysite.com checkout WebServer/anotherhost.mysite.com checkout WebServer/AnotherApp checkout WebServer/thirdhost.mysite.com checkout WebServer/fourthhost.mysite.com checkout WebServer/WebServices It works, for the most part - but for some reason it has a tendency to stop working after a few repositories, usually right after finishing a repository before going to the next one. When it fails, it will not recover on its own. I've tried commenting out the svn line, it goes in and creates all the directories just fine when I do that - so its not that. I'm looking for direction as well as direct advice. Cygwin has been very stable for me, but I did start using the native rxvt instead of "bash in a cmd.exe window" recently. I don't think that's the problem, as I've left top on remote systems running all night and rxvt didn't seem to mind. Also I haven't done any bash scripting in cygwin so I suppose this might not be recommended; though I can't see why not. I don't want all of WebServer, hence me only checking out certain folders like that. What I suspect is that something is hanging up the svn checkout. Any ideas here? Edit: this time when I hit ctrl+z to cancel out, I forgot I was on Windows and typed ps to see if the job was still running; and as you can see there are lots of svn processes hanging around... strange. Kyle Hodgson@KyleHodgson-PC ~/winUser/Documents/Repos $ Kyle Hodgson@KyleHodgson-PC ~/winUser/Documents/Repos $ jobs [1]- Stopped bash co2.sh [2]+ Stopped ./co2.sh Kyle Hodgson@KyleHodgson-PC ~/winUser/Documents/Repos $ kill %1 [1]- Stopped bash co2.sh Kyle Hodgson@KyleHodgson-PC ~/winUser/Documents/Repos $ [1]- Terminated bash co2.sh Kyle Hodgson@KyleHodgson-PC ~/winUser/Documents/Repos $ Kyle Hodgson@KyleHodgson-PC ~/winUser/Documents/Repos $ Kyle Hodgson@KyleHodgson-PC ~/winUser/Documents/Repos $ ps PID PPID PGID WINPID TTY UID STIME COMMAND 7872 1 7872 2340 0 1000 Jun 29 /usr/bin/svn 7752 1 6140 7828 1 1000 Jun 29 /usr/bin/svn 6192 1 5044 2192 1 1000 Jun 30 /usr/bin/svn 7292 1 7452 1796 1 1000 Jun 30 /usr/bin/svn 6236 1 7304 7468 2 1000 Jul 2 /usr/bin/svn 1564 1 5032 7144 2 1000 Jul 2 /usr/bin/svn 9072 1 3960 6276 3 1000 Jul 3 /usr/bin/svn 5876 1 5876 5876 con 1000 11:22:10 /usr/bin/rxvt 924 5876 924 10192 4 1000 11:22:10 /usr/bin/bash 7212 1 7332 5584 4 1000 13:17:54 /usr/bin/svn 9412 1 5480 8840 4 1000 15:38:16 /usr/bin/svn S 8128 924 8128 9452 4 1000 17:38:05 /usr/bin/bash 9132 8128 8128 8172 4 1000 17:43:25 /usr/bin/svn 3512 1 3512 3512 con 1000 17:43:50 /usr/bin/rxvt I 10200 3512 10200 6616 5 1000 17:43:51 /usr/bin/bash 9732 1 9732 9732 con 1000 17:45:55 /usr/bin/rxvt 3148 9732 3148 8976 6 1000 17:45:55 /usr/bin/bash 5856 3148 5856 876 6 1000 17:51:00 /usr/bin/vim 7736 924 7736 8036 4 1000 17:53:26 /usr/bin/ps Kyle Hodgson@KyleHodgson-PC ~/winUser/Documents/Repos $ jobs [2]+ Stopped ./co2.sh Kyle Hodgson@KyleHodgson-PC ~/winUser/Documents/Repos $ Here's an strace on the PID of the hung svn program, it's been like this for hours. Looks like its just doing nothing. I keep suspecting that some interruption on the server is causing this; does svn have a locking mechanism I'm not aware of? Kyle Hodgson@KyleHodgson-PC ~/winUser/Documents/Repos $ strace -p 7304 ********************************************** Program name: C:\cygwin\bin\svn.exe (pid 7304, ppid 6408) App version: 1005.25, api: 0.156 DLL version: 1005.25, api: 0.156 DLL build: 2008-06-12 19:34 OS version: Windows NT-6.0 Heap size: 402653184 Date/Time: 2009-07-06 18:20:11 **********************************************

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  • Useful Command-line Commands on Windows

    - by Sung Meister
    The aim for this Wiki is to promote using a command to open up commonly used applications without having to go through many mouse clicks - thus saving time on monitoring and troubleshooting Windows machines. Answer entries need to specify Application name Commands Screenshot (Optional) Shortcut to commands && - Command Chaining %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\rcimlby.exe -LaunchRA - Remote Assistance (Windows XP) appwiz.cpl - Programs and Features (Formerly Known as "Add or Remove Programs") appwiz.cpl @,2 - Turn Windows Features On and Off (Add/Remove Windows Components pane) arp - Displays and modifies the IP-to-Physical address translation tables used by address resolution protocol (ARP) at - Schedule tasks either locally or remotely without using Scheduled Tasks bootsect.exe - Updates the master boot code for hard disk partitions to switch between BOOTMGR and NTLDR cacls - Change Access Control List (ACL) permissions on a directory, its subcontents, or files calc - Calculator chkdsk - Check/Fix the disk surface for physical errors or bad sectors cipher - Displays or alters the encryption of directories [files] on NTFS partitions cleanmgr.exe - Disk Cleanup clip - Redirects output of command line tools to the Windows clipboard cls - clear the command line screen cmd /k - Run command with command extensions enabled color - Sets the default console foreground and background colors in console command.com - Default Operating System Shell compmgmt.msc - Computer Management control.exe /name Microsoft.NetworkAndSharingCenter - Network and Sharing Center control keyboard - Keyboard Properties control mouse(or main.cpl) - Mouse Properties control sysdm.cpl,@0,3 - Advanced Tab of the System Properties dialog control userpasswords2 - Opens the classic User Accounts dialog desk.cpl - opens the display properties devmgmt.msc - Device Manager diskmgmt.msc - Disk Management diskpart - Disk management from the command line dsa.msc - Opens active directory users and computers dsquery - Finds any objects in the directory according to criteria dxdiag - DirectX Diagnostic Tool eventvwr - Windows Event Log (Event Viewer) explorer . - Open explorer with the current folder selected. explorer /e, . - Open explorer, with folder tree, with current folder selected. F7 - View command history find - Searches for a text string in a file or files findstr - Find a string in a file firewall.cpl - Opens the Windows Firewall settings fsmgmt.msc - Shared Folders fsutil - Perform tasks related to FAT and NTFS file systems ftp - Transfers files to and from a computer running an FTP server service getmac - Shows the mac address(es) of your network adapter(s) gpedit.msc - Group Policy Editor gpresult - Displays the Resultant Set of Policy (RSoP) information for a target user and computer httpcfg.exe - HTTP Configuration Utility iisreset - To restart IIS InetMgr.exe - Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager 7 InetMgr6.exe - Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager 6 intl.cpl - Regional and Language Options ipconfig - Internet protocol configuration lusrmgr.msc - Local Users and Groups Administrator msconfig - System Configuration notepad - Notepad? ;) mmsys.cpl - Sound/Recording/Playback properties mode - Configure system devices more - Displays one screen of output at a time mrt - Microsoft Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool mstsc.exe - Remote Desktop Connection nbstat - displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT ncpa.cpl - Network Connections netsh - Display or modify the network configuration of a computer that is currently running netstat - Network Statistics net statistics - Check computer up time net stop - Stops a running service. net use - Connects a computer to or disconnects a computer from a shared resource, or displays information about computer connections odbcad32.exe - ODBC Data Source Administrator pathping - A traceroute that collects detailed packet loss stats perfmon - Opens Reliability and Performance Monitor ping - Determine whether a remote computer is accessible over the network powercfg.cpl - Power management control panel applet quser - Display information about user sessions on a terminal server qwinsta - See disconnected remote desktop sessions reg.exe - Console Registry Tool for Windows regedit - Registry Editor rasdial - Connects to a VPN or a dialup network robocopy - Backup/Restore/Copy large amounts of files reliably rsop.msc - Resultant Set of Policy (shows the combined effect of all group policies active on the current system/login) runas - Run specific tools and programs with different permissions than the user's current logon provides sc - Manage anything you want to do with services. schtasks - Enables an administrator to create, delete, query, change, run and end scheduled tasks on a local or remote system. secpol.msc - Local Security Settings services.msc - Services control panel set - Displays, sets, or removes cmd.exe environment variables. set DIRCMD - Preset dir parameter in cmd.exe start - Starts a separate window to run a specified program or command start. - opens the current directory in the Windows Explorer. shutdown.exe - Shutdown or Reboot a local/remote machine subst.exe - Associates a path with a drive letter, including local drives systeminfo -Displays a comprehensive information about the system taskkill - terminate tasks by process id (PID) or image name tasklist.exe - List Processes on local or a remote machine taskmgr.exe - Task Manager telephon.cpl - Telephone and Modem properties timedate.cpl - Date and Time title - Change the title of the CMD window you have open tracert - Trace route wmic - Windows Management Instrumentation Command-line winver.exe - Find Windows Version wscui.cpl - Windows Security Center wuauclt.exe - Windows Update AutoUpdate Client

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  • collectd does not work

    - by bery
    I have installed collectd-5.0.0 on Fedora12 server and would like to run its service for receiving data from clients. I have enabled network plugin and rddtool plugin as commented: collectd.conf in server: BaseDir "/opt/collectd/var/lib/collectd" LoadPlugin "logfile" LoadPlugin network LoadPlugin rrdtool <Plugin network> Listen "192.168.8.37" "25826" </Plugin> collectd.conf in client: LoadPlugin logfile LoadPlugin cpu LoadPlugin network LoadPlugin memory <Plugin network> Server"192.168.8.37" "25826" </Plugin> collectd.log in server: [2011-08-03 02:36:04] Exiting normally. [2011-08-03 02:36:04] rrdtool plugin: Shutting down the queue thread. [2011-08-03 02:36:04] network plugin: Stopping receive thread. [2011-08-03 02:36:04] network plugin: Stopping dispatch thread. [2011-08-03 02:37:11] Initialization complete, entering read-loop. collectd.log in client: [2011-08-02 17:31:44] Initialization complete, entering read-loop. results thst execute netstat on server: netstat -ulpn | grep 25826 udp 0 0 192.168.8.37:25826 0.0.0.0:* 4744/collectd problem: but there is noting in "/opt/collectd/var/lib/collectd/" on ser yes,I move the port number of "25826" as your propose(But I think this is the default port for coolectd).there is no rdd files recived on server. collectd.log in client collectd [2011-08-03 10:01:36] plugin_read_thread: Handling memory'. [2011-08-03 10:01:36] plugin_read_thread: Handlingcpu'. [2011-08-03 10:01:36] plugin_dispatch_values: time = 1312380096.431; interval = 10.000; host = uml; plugin = memory; plugin_instance = ; type = memory; type_instance = used; [2011-08-03 10:01:36] plugin_dispatch_values: time = 1312380096.431; interval = 10.000; host = uml; plugin = cpu; plugin_instance = 0; type = cpu; type_instance = user; [2011-08-03 10:01:36] uc_update: uml/memory/memory-used: ds[0] = 280412160.000000 [2011-08-03 10:01:36] plugin: plugin_write: Writing values via network. [2011-08-03 10:01:36] uc_update: uml/cpu-0/cpu-user: ds[0] = 0.100008 [2011-08-03 10:01:36] plugin: plugin_write: Writing values via network. [2011-08-03 10:01:36] plugin_dispatch_values: time = 1312380096.431; interval = 10.000; host = uml; plugin = memory; plugin_instance = ; type = memory; type_instance = buffered; [2011-08-03 10:01:36] plugin_dispatch_values: time = 1312380096.431; interval = 10.000; host = uml; plugin = cpu; plugin_instance = 0; type = cpu; type_instance = nice; [2011-08-03 10:01:36] uc_update: uml/memory/memory-buffered: ds[0] = 344182784.000000 [2011-08-03 10:01:36] plugin: plugin_write: Writing values via network. [2011-08-03 10:01:36] uc_update: uml/cpu-0/cpu-nice: ds[0] = 0.000000 [2011-08-03 10:01:36] plugin: plugin_write: Writing values via network. [2011-08-03 10:01:36] network plugin: flush_buffer: send_buffer_fill = 1340 [2011-08-03 10:01:36] network plugin: network_send_buffer: buffer_len = 1340 ... [2011-08-03 10:01:36] plugin_read_thread: Next read of the cpu plugin at 1312380106.429064774. collectd.log in server collectd: [2011-08-03 20:18:08] type = network [2011-08-03 20:18:08] type = rrdtool [2011-08-03 20:18:08] network plugin: sockent_open: node = 192.168.8.37; service = 25826; [2011-08-03 20:18:08] fd = 3; calling bind' [2011-08-03 20:18:08] Done parsing/opt/collectd//share/collectd/types.db' [2011-08-03 20:18:08] interval_g = 10; [2011-08-03 20:18:08] timeout_g = 2; [2011-08-03 20:18:08] hostname_g = localhost.localdomain; [2011-08-03 20:18:08] Initialization complete, entering read-loop. It looks like, data is sending but doesn't be recived. Where is the mistake?

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  • Why do GPUs overheat?

    - by JAD
    About a year ago, I added a 9800GT (1 GB version) and a Corsair CX500 PSU to an HP M8000N computer. A few weeks ago, the HDD overheated and I decided to transfer the GPU & PSU to a new build, which consists of: i3 @ 3.3Ghz Gigabyte H61 Micro ATX Mobo 4GB RAM 500GB WD HDD DVD RW Drive Cooler Master Elite 430 Tower Once I had Win7 up and running, I installed all the essential drivers that came with the Gigabyte Mobo CD. However, whenever I tried installing the Graphics Media Accelerator driver, the computer would crash and enter an endless boot sequence on the next startup. I skipped installing this driver and installed the CD driver for the 9800GT, which by now is a year old. Everything was working fine, WEI rated my GPU at 6.6 graphics & aero performance. However, after updating my Nvidia drivers to the latest, the WEI dropped my rating to 3.3 for Aero, and 4.7 for graphics performance. Just to make sure that everything was ok, I ran Bad Company 2 on medium settings. The first few minutes ran just fine at a smooth framerate, so I dismissed this as Windows being Windows. About 6 hours later, I ran BC2 again. This time I averaged anywhere from 2-5 FPS. I checked the GPU temperature through GPU-Z, and it came back as 120C. The problem with this, is that the computer was on for six hours up to that point. Wouldn't the card have experienced a reactor core meltdown a lot sooner than that? Granted, the computer was "sleeping" some of the time, but still... The next day I took out a temperature gun and ran some tests. I would point the laser at a very specific area on the reverse side of the card (not the fan or "front"), and compare the temp reading with GPU-Z. After leaving the system on idle on idle for a few minutes, I ran BC2 twice. Here are the results: GPU-Z Reading / Temp Gun Reading / Time Null / 22.3°C / Comp is Off 53°C / 33.5°C / 1:49 78°C / 46°C / 1:53 - (First BC2 run; good framerate) 102°C / 64.6°C / 2:01 - (System is again on idle) 113°C / 64.8°C / 2:10 119°C / 71.8°C / 2:17 - (Second BC2 run; poor framerate) I should also mention that I also took a temp recording of another part of the GPU from 2:01-2:17. The temp in this area jumped from 75°C to 82.9°C in that time frame. This pretty much confirms that GPU-Z is reporting the temperature accurately, and the card is overheating. But I'd like to know why; the cars is doing nothing and still the temperature climbs at a steady rate. I thoroughly cleaned the GPU and PSU when I salvaged them from the old HP M8000N computer with a can of compressed air, dust cant be the issue. Similarly, the rest of the computer is brand new. I installed various Nvidia drivers, but no luck. It seems strange to me that a year-old card is suddenly failing on me; aren't they supposed to last at least two years? Could this be a driver issue? Is the motherboard faulty? Could the PSU be overfeeding the card on voltage? Neither case seems likely, as the CPU, RAM and otherwise the rest of the comp has worked flawlessly and has stayed well within respectable temp ranges (the i3 lingers around 50C, the HDD stays at 30C, so does the PSU). How can I pinpoint the issue?

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  • How to get rid of a stubborn 'removed' device in mdadm

    - by T.J. Crowder
    One of my server's drives failed and so I removed the failed drive from all three relevant arrays, had the drive swapped out, and then added the new drive to the arrays. Two of the arrays worked perfectly. The third added the drive back as a spare, and there's an odd "removed" entry in the mdadm details. I tried both mdadm /dev/md2 --remove failed and mdadm /dev/md2 --remove detached as suggested here and here, neither of which complained, but neither of which had any effect, either. Does anyone know how I can get rid of that entry and get the drive added back properly? (Ideally without resyncing a third time, I've already had to do it twice and it takes hours. But if that's what it takes, that's what it takes.) The new drive is /dev/sda, the relevant partition is /dev/sda3. Here's the detail on the array: # mdadm --detail /dev/md2 /dev/md2: Version : 0.90 Creation Time : Wed Oct 26 12:27:49 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 729952192 (696.14 GiB 747.47 GB) Used Dev Size : 729952192 (696.14 GiB 747.47 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Nov 12 17:48:53 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 UUID : 2fdbf68c:d572d905:776c2c25:004bd7b2 (local to host blah) Events : 0.34665 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 8 19 1 active sync /dev/sdb3 2 8 3 - spare /dev/sda3 If it's relevant, it's a 64-bit server. It normally runs Ubuntu, but right now I'm in the data centre's "rescue" OS, which is Debian 7 (wheezy). The "removed" entry was there the last time I was in Ubuntu (it won't, currently, boot from the disk), so I don't think that's not some Ubuntu/Debian conflict (and they are, of course, closely related). Update: Having done extensive tests with test devices on a local machine, I'm just plain getting anomalous behavior from mdadm with this array. For instance, with /dev/sda3 removed from the array again, I did this: mdadm /dev/md2 --grow --force --raid-devices=1 And that got rid of the "removed" device, leaving me just with /dev/sdb3. Then I nuked /dev/sda3 (wrote a file system to it, so it didn't have the raid fs anymore), then: mdadm /dev/md2 --grow --raid-devices=2 ...which gave me an array with /dev/sdb3 in slot 0 and "removed" in slot 1 as you'd expect. Then mdadm /dev/md2 --add /dev/sda3 ...added it — as a spare again. (Another 3.5 hours down the drain.) So with the rebuilt spare in the array, given that mdadm's man page says RAID-DEVICES CHANGES ... When the number of devices is increased, any hot spares that are present will be activated immediately. ...I grew the array to three devices, to try to activate the "spare": mdadm /dev/md2 --grow --raid-devices=3 What did I get? Two "removed" devices, and the spare. And yet when I do this with a test array, I don't get this behavior. So I nuked /dev/sda3 again, used it to create a brand-new array, and am copying the data from the old array to the new one: rsync -r -t -v --exclude 'lost+found' --progress /mnt/oldarray/* /mnt/newarray This will, of course, take hours. Hopefully when I'm done, I can stop the old array entirely, nuke /dev/sdb3, and add it to the new array. Hopefully, it won't get added as a spare!

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  • PC: Quick Freeze, then BSOD, then forced reboot, then freezes again

    - by cr0z3r
    Lately I have been experiencing a weird issue. My PC will hang for a second and then BSOD - it stays there, so I have to reboot. Once Windows starts again and I'm logged in, after 1-10min it freezes again, this time without BSOD. RECAP: 1 second freeze BSOD, hangs there I have to force-reboot Once PC rebooted, I log back into Windows second freeze between a 1-10min range, no BSOD (alternatively, I get a freeze with a constant sound/noise, no BSOD) I contacted my PC provider, who told me my graphics-card might be flawed (Quadro 4000), so I used a Quadro 2000 that they lend me. The issue still occurred. The issue now seemed to belong to a flawed RAM module. Following my provider's steps, I removed all but the first from the left column and kept using my PC for a week or so without any issues. I then added the bottom-right module, and so on, until all modules were back inside - I had no problems. Now it seemed that a simple take-out-put-back-in of the RAM modules had fixed the issue. However, after a few months, the issue was back. I redid all the RAM-swapping I had done before, and concluded that the lower-right module was flawed. My provider changed it for another, and everything was great until now. My PC froze again for barely a second, hanged on a BSOD, I rebooted it, logged-in to Windows to get a freeze (without BSOD or reboot) 40 seconds later. Something worth noting, is that every time I reboot after the BSOD, it is something within Chrome that freezes my PC (e.g. this time I clicked the "restore" button as Chrome mentioned it had exited unexpectedly - from the previous freeze obviously - and it instantly froze). Finally, the Event Viewer lists 2 critical events in the past hour as "ID: 41, Type: Kernel-Power". PC-Specs: http://i.imgur.com/VZpbr.jpg Previous Dump-files: https://dl.dropbox.com/u/716600/DumpFiles_08_2012.zip I would like to thank anybody in advance for your help. You're great. UPDATE 1: I realized that I did not mention an awkward fact about this issue. After I have gotten the 1-sec freeze followed by a BSOD, after I rebooted because the BSOD hanged, and after I logged back in to get another (this time, eternal) freeze and rebooted once again, the PC does not boot back up. The power-light is on, but my monitor says "no signal", as if the PC wouldn't really be turned on. This truly seems a like a power-related issue, doesn't it? UPDATE 2: I just got a freeze, but without BSOD. My screen froze (while on Chrome, which is starting to seem suspicious to me) with an ongoing sound/noise. I had to force-reboot my PC. I would say this is a graphics-card issue, but this issue also happened when I was using the Quadro 2000 from my provider. UPDATE 3: I just got a BSOD while trying to render something (quite heavy, actually) in 3ds Max 2012. I left the BSOD "running", as it said it was writing dump files to disk. However, the percentage number stayed at 0, so after 15 minutes I force-rebooted. I then used the software WhoCrashed (thank you Dave) which reported the following from the C:\Windows\Memory.dmp file: On Thu 22.11.2012 22:13:45 GMT your computer crashed crash dump file: C:\Windows\memory.dmp uptime: 01:05:27 This was probably caused by the following module: Unknown () Bugcheck code: 0x124 (0x0, 0xFFFFFA80275AC028, 0xF200001F, 0x100B2) Error: WHEA_UNCORRECTABLE_ERROR Bug check description: This bug check indicates that a fatal hardware error has occurred. This bug check uses the error data that is provided by the Windows Hardware Error Architecture (WHEA). This is likely to be caused by a hardware problem problem. This problem might be caused by a thermal issue. A third party driver was identified as the probable root cause of this system error. It is suggested you look for an update for the following driver: Unknown . Google query: Unknown WHEA_UNCORRECTABLE_ERROR

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  • Dhcpd Daemon is trying to lease itself?

    - by tommieb75
    I have a Slackware Linux 13.0 box with two interfaces, eth0 and eth1. I have set this box up to be on the 192.168.1.0/24 network, with subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. I am trying to run a dhcpd server on this box to service two interfaces above, so I subnetted the 192.168.1.0/24 network into two subnets. For eth0 192.168.1.1, subnet mask 255.255.255.128, broadcast mask 192.168.1.127. For eth1 192.168.1.129, subnet mask 255.255.255.128, broadcast mask 192.168.1.255. Both the interfaces are assigned manually. eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet addr:192.168.1.1 Bcast:192.168.1.127 Mask:255.255.255.128 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:39 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:1404 (1.3 KiB) Interrupt:11 Base address:0x8000 Memory:faffc000-faffcfff eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet addr:192.168.1.128 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.128 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:10003 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:13286 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1589229 (1.5 MiB) TX bytes:9900005 (9.4 MiB) Interrupt:11 Here is the dhcpd.conf set up authoritative; ddns-update-style interim; ignore client-updates; subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.128 { range 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.126; default-lease-time 86400; max-lease-time 86400; option routers 192.168.1.1; option ip-forwarding off; option domain-name-servers 208.67.222.222, 208.67.220.220; option broadcast-address 192.168.1.127; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.128; } subnet 192.168.1.128 netmask 255.255.255.128 { range 192.168.1.129 192.168.1.254; default-lease-time 86400; max-lease-time 86400; option routers 192.168.1.1; option ip-forwarding off; option domain-name-servers 208.67.222.222, 208.67.220.220; option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.128; } This is what is showing in the log Apr 10 18:09:58 inspiron8600 dhcpd: DHCPDISCOVER from 00:00:00:00:00:00 (inspiron8600) via eth1 Apr 10 18:09:58 inspiron8600 dhcpd: DHCPOFFER on 192.168.1.131 to 00:00:00:00:00:00 (inspiron8600) via eth1 Apr 10 18:10:01 inspiron8600 dhcpcd[3832]: eth1: adding IP address 169.254.153.6/16 This is happening spuriously, and the log gets filled up with nonsense..so my question is this: How do I stop this from happening? And why would it be trying to give itself a lease? I am sure I have missed something but cannot see it and would appreciate a pair of eyes from the community to spot the obvious flaw!

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  • Chrome does not re-draw properly on Windows 8

    - by Akshat Mittal
    There are a lot of problems with Chrome (24.0.1312.14 beta || But all this happened before update also) on Windows 8. Problems and explanations are listed below: Google Chrome re-draw time: When I switch tabs, the window retains the content of the previous tab and displays that even if I move my mouse, if only refreshes (re-draws) when there is a change on the webpage (like on hover) or I do a select all (or scroll). One thing to note is that the hover and select happens on the real page and not the retained image-like thing of the older webpage. Chrome is slow and laggy: Websites such as Facebook and Twitter (and more) have gone extremely laggy on Chrome (Win 8). When I was using Windows 7, I never experienced a lag or something. Also when using HTML-5 Websites, the transition (the -webkit-transition in CSS) goes extremely slow at times. Plugins Crash: Plugins like Flash Player, Shockwave Player, and more that are in-built into Chrome Crashes a lot, even when doing simple tasks like playing YouTube Videos, displaying ads or something. Chrome Crashes: Chrome has crashed over 100 times in the past month. Google Chrome just crashes randomly or I don't know the reason. Random Page crashes: Chrome results chrome://crash/(Copy-Paste this in address bar) on random pages even when the page is just loaded, I understand that this can happen on heavy HTML5 or JS websites but what about HTML only websites? Computer Freeze: Chrome sometimes, randomly, freezes my computer. Freeze in the sense, none of the other apps are also working. It's like the whole system freezes, I can not even switch to other apps. I am sure that this is because of Chrome since this happens only when Chrome is active. Most of the things above happens on Super User also, Super User never had any problem when using Chrome on Windows 7. UPDATE 1: @magicandre1981 Commented for trying to disable Hardware Acceleration. I tried it, it somewhat solved the problem but din't fix it. I am still experiencing all the above issues but less frequently (maybe because Chrome Restarted Completely) UPDATE 2: @avirk asked me to try a Stable Version of Chrome and Firefox, I din't experience any lag in Firefox, a little (negligible) lag in Chrome 22 (Maybe because its a new copy of Chrome, I haven't used it much). UPDATE 3: @NothingsImpossible said that He is also experiencing the same problem on Windows Server 2008! This seams to be a major issue now. He also said that GPU load is also high at the same time! Even I saw the same thing. UPDATE 4: Recently, Chrome updated to v24 Stable (I am using stable from a long time now). I was experiencing this problem a lot less in Chrome 23, but this is back in Chrome 24. Seams like Chrome 24 is the most affected from this bug, as this same problem was high in Chrome 24 beta also. UPDATE 5: Chrome was updated to v25 Stable. This problem is 99% Gone, it is still there in 1% of the cases. One such example is when I leave chrome inactive for a while with a few tabs open, the tabs go black and no activity can get them back to active state. If I open a new tab, the new tab is OK but the others are still black, I need to close all those tabs. UPDATE 6: Chrome updated to v27 Stable channel, this problem is nearly gone. This does happen occasionally, but not as frequent as in earlier versions of Chrome. UPDATE 7: I am on Chrome v35.0.1916.114 Stable, Windows 8.1 Pro Update 1. Some of the other problems appears to be back. Chrome is slow and laggy again. Re-draw time is getting worse. Is anybody else experiencing such issues? Does anybody have a solution to any of these?

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  • Linux not buffering block I/O when the device is not "in use" (i.e. mounted)

    - by Radek Hladík
    I am installing new server and I've found an interesting issue. The server is running Fedora 19 (3.11.7-200.fc19.x86_64 kernel) and is supposed to host a few KVM/Qemu virtual servers (mail server, file server, etc..). The HW is Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU 5160 @ 3.00GHz with 16GB RAM. One of the most important features will be Samba server and we have decided to make it as virtual machine with almost direct access to the disks. So the real HDD is cached on SSD (via bcache) then raided with md and the final device is exported into the virtual machine via virtio. The virtual machine is again Fedora 19 with the same kernel. One important topic to find out is whether the virtualization layer will not introduce high overload into disk I/Os. So far I've been able to get up to 180MB/s in VM and up to 220MB/s on real HW (on the SSD disk). I am still not sure why the overhead is so big but it is more than the network can handle so I do not care so much. The interesting thing is that I've found that the disk reads are not buffered in the VM unless I create and mount FS on the disk or I use the disks somehow. Simply put: Lets do dd to read disk for the first time (the /dev/vdd is an old Raptor disk 70MB/s is its real speed): [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 36.8038 s, 71.2 MB/s Buffers: 14444 kB Rereading the data shows that they are cached somewhere but not in buffers of the VM. Also the speed increased to "only" 500MB/s. The VM has 4GB of RAM (more that the test file) [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 5.16016 s, 508 MB/s Buffers: 14444 kB [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 5.05727 s, 518 MB/s Buffers: 14444 kB Now lets mount the FS on /dev/vdd and try the dd again: [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vdd /mnt/tmp [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 4.68578 s, 559 MB/s Buffers: 2574592 kB [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 1.50504 s, 1.7 GB/s Buffers: 2574592 kB While the first read was the same, all 2.6GB got buffered and the next read was at 1.7GB/s. And when I unmount the device: [root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt/tmp [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers Buffers: 14452 kB [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 5.10499 s, 514 MB/s Buffers: 14468 kB The bcache was disabled while testing and the results are same on faster (newer) HDDs and on SSD (except for the initial read speed of course). To sum it up. When I read from the device via dd first time, it gets read from the disk. Next time I reread it gets cached in the host but not in the guest (thats actually the same issue, more on that later). When I mount the filesystem but try to read the device directly it gets cached in VM (via buffers). As soon as I stop "using" it, buffers are discarded and the device is not cached anymore in the VM. When I looked into buffers value on the host I realized that the situation is the same. The block I/O gets buffered only when the disk is in use, in this case it means "exported to a VM". On host, after all the measurement done: 3165552 buffers On the host, after the VM shutdown: 119176 buffers I know it is not important as the disks will be mounted all the time but I am curious and I would like to know why it is working like this.

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  • Did a recent WinXP update break CD/DVD read speeds? SP2/SP3

    - by quack quixote
    I have two systems with fresh installations of Windows XP Pro SP3 (SP3 slipstreamed into the installer; fully updated after install). One's a refurbished 2.4GHz Pentium4 system; the other is a new 1.6GHz Atom330 build. Both have brand-new dual-layer CD/DVD burners (one's a LiteOn IDE, the other an LG SATA). Both take a really looooong time to read a single-layer DVD in Windows with Cygwin tools. Specifically, 40 minutes or more. I burn backup data to single-layer DVD+/-R and use MD5 hashes for data verification (made with the standard md5sum tool in Unix or Cygwin). The hashes are burned to disc with the data files, and I use this command to verify: $ cd /path/to/disc/mountpoint ; time md5sum -c < md5.txt Here's how long that takes to run on a full single-layer DVD+/-R disc: Old system (WinXP SP2, 1.8GHz Athlon 2500+, last summer): ~10 minutes Old system (Ubuntu 9.04, 1.8GHz Athlon 2500+): ~10 minutes Old system (Debian 5, dual 550MHz P3): ~10 minutes New Pentium4 system (running Ubuntu 9.04): ~5 minutes New Pentium4 system (running WinXP SP3, file copy from Win Explorer): ~6 minutes New Atom330 system (running WinXP SP3, file copy from Win Explorer): ~6 minutes Now the weird stuff: Old system (WinXP SP2, 1.8GHz Athlon 2500+, today): ~25 minutes New Pentium4 system (running WinXP SP3, read from Cygwin): ~40-50 minutes (?!!) New Atom330 system (running WinXP SP3, read from Cygwin): ~40 minutes (can do it in ~30 minutes ...if i have another program spin up the drive first) Since both systems will copy files in 6 minutes using Windows Explorer, I know it's not a hardware problem. Windows just never spins up the drive during the Cygwin read, so it stays super-slow the whole time. Other programs like EAC and DVD Decrypter seem to spin up the disc just fine during their processing. DMA is enabled on both systems. (Can confirm in Windows' Device Manager on the Atom330, not on the P4.) Nero's DriveSpeed tool doesn't seem to have any effect. Copy times are comparable from commandline with Windows' xcopy. Copying with Cygwin's cp looks more like the problem state -- it will spin up the drive for a short time, never reaches full speed, and lets it spin back down again for most of the copy. What I need is to get full read speeds from Cygwin. Is this a known issue with SP3 or some other recent Windows update? Any other ideas? Update: More testing; Windows will spin up the drive when data is copied with Windows tools, but not when read in place or copied with Cygwin tools. It doesn't make sense to me that Windows spins up the drive for copying, but not for other reads. Might be more of a Cygwin problem? Update 2: GUI activity is sluggish during the problem state -- during the Cygwin verifies, there's a slight but noticable delay when dragging windows or icons around on the desktop, switching windows, Alt-Tabbing through open applications, opening new windows, etc. It reminds me of the delay when opening a Windows Explorer window on My Computer just after inserting a DVD. I've tried updating Cygwin (from 1.5.x to 1.7.x), but no change in the problem behavior. I've also noticed this issue occurs on WinXP SP2, but it's not exactly the same -- some spin-up occurs, so the read happens in ~25-30 minutes instead of 40+. The SP2 system used to run the verifies in ~10 minutes, and when it first changed (not sure exactly when, maybe in late November or early December 2009) I thought it was dying hardware. This is why I suspect an official update of breaking this functionality; this has worked for years on that SP2 box.

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  • Raid 1 array won't assemble after power outage. How do I fix this ext4 mirror?

    - by Forkrul Assail
    Two ext4 drives on Raid 1 with mdadm won't reassemble after the power went out for an extended period (UPS drained). After turning the machine back on, mdadm said that the array was degraded, after which it took about 2 days for a full resync, which completed without problems. On trying to remount the array I get: mount: you must specify the filesystem type cat /etc/fstab lines relevant to setup: /dev/md127 /media/mediapool ext4 defaults 0 0 dmesg | tail (on trying to mount) says: [ 1050.818782] EXT3-fs (md127): error: can't find ext3 filesystem on dev md127. [ 1050.849214] EXT4-fs (md127): VFS: Can't find ext4 filesystem [ 1050.944781] FAT-fs (md127): invalid media value (0x00) [ 1050.944782] FAT-fs (md127): Can't find a valid FAT filesystem [ 1058.272787] EXT2-fs (md127): error: can't find an ext2 filesystem on dev md127. cat /proc/mdstat says: Personalities : [raid1] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md127 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sdj[2] sdi[0] 2930135360 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> fsck /dev/md127 says: fsck from util-linux 2.20.1 e2fsck 1.42 (29-Nov-2011) fsck.ext2: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks... fsck.ext2: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/md127 The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2 filesystem. If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2 filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock: e2fsck -b 8193 <device> mdadm -E /dev/sdi gives me: /dev/sdi: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 1.2 Feature Map : 0x0 Array UUID : 37ac1824:eb8a21f6:bd5afd6d:96da6394 Name : sojourn:33 Creation Time : Sat Nov 10 10:43:52 2012 Raid Level : raid1 Raid Devices : 2 Avail Dev Size : 5860271016 (2794.40 GiB 3000.46 GB) Array Size : 2930135360 (2794.39 GiB 3000.46 GB) Used Dev Size : 5860270720 (2794.39 GiB 3000.46 GB) Data Offset : 262144 sectors Super Offset : 8 sectors State : clean Device UUID : 3e6e9a4f:6c07ab3d:22d47fce:13cecfd0 Update Time : Tue Nov 13 20:34:18 2012 Checksum : f7d10db9 - correct Events : 27 Device Role : Active device 0 Array State : AA ('A' == active, '.' == missing) boot@boot ~ $ sudo mdadm -E /dev/sdj /dev/sdj: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 1.2 Feature Map : 0x0 Array UUID : 37ac1824:eb8a21f6:bd5afd6d:96da6394 Name : sojourn:33 Creation Time : Sat Nov 10 10:43:52 2012 Raid Level : raid1 Raid Devices : 2 Avail Dev Size : 5860271016 (2794.40 GiB 3000.46 GB) Array Size : 2930135360 (2794.39 GiB 3000.46 GB) Used Dev Size : 5860270720 (2794.39 GiB 3000.46 GB) Data Offset : 262144 sectors Super Offset : 8 sectors State : clean Device UUID : 7fb84af4:e9295f7b:ede61f27:bec0cb57 Update Time : Tue Nov 13 20:34:18 2012 Checksum : b9d17fef - correct Events : 27 Device Role : Active device 1 Array State : AA ('A' == active, '.' == missing) machine@user ~ dmesg | tail [ 61.785866] init: alsa-restore main process (2736) terminated with status 99 [ 68.433548] eth0: no IPv6 routers present [ 534.142511] EXT4-fs (sdi): ext4_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 0 not in group (block 2838187772)! [ 534.142518] EXT4-fs (sdi): group descriptors corrupted! [ 546.418780] EXT2-fs (sdi): error: couldn't mount because of unsupported optional features (240) [ 549.654127] EXT3-fs (sdi): error: couldn't mount because of unsupported optional features (240) Since this is Raid 1 it was suggested that I try and mount or fsck the drives separately. After a long fsck on one drive, it ended with this as tail: Illegal double indirect block (2298566437) in inode 39717736. CLEARED. Illegal block #4231180 (2611866932) in inode 39717736. CLEARED. Error storing directory block information (inode=39717736, block=0, num=1092368): Memory allocation failed Recreate journal? yes Creating journal (32768 blocks): Done. *** journal has been re-created - filesystem is now ext3 again *** The drive however still doesn't want to mount: dmesg | tail [ 170.674659] md: export_rdev(sdc) [ 170.675152] md: export_rdev(sdc) [ 195.275288] md: export_rdev(sdc) [ 195.275876] md: export_rdev(sdc) [ 1338.540092] CE: hpet increased min_delta_ns to 30169 nsec [26125.734105] EXT4-fs (sdc): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 0 failed (43502!=37987) [26125.734115] EXT4-fs (sdc): group descriptors corrupted! [26182.325371] EXT3-fs (sdc): error: couldn't mount because of unsupported optional features (240) [27083.316519] EXT4-fs (sdc): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 0 failed (43502!=37987) [27083.316530] EXT4-fs (sdc): group descriptors corrupted! Please help me fix this. I never in my wildest nightmares thought a complete mirror would die this badly. Am I missing something? Suggestions on fixing this? Could someone explain why it would resync after the powerout, only to seemingly nuke the drive? Thanks for reading. Any help much appreciated. I've tried everything I can think of, including booting and filesystem checking with SystemRescue and Ubuntu liveboot discs.

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  • Application Does Not Start in Windows 7

    - by Jim Fell
    I recently installed a new 60GB SSD as my primary hard drive and re-installed Windows 7 Professional 64-bit. I then installed SSD Fresh from Abelssoft to optimize Windows to run on the SSD. It seemed to install okay, but when I try to run the utility, its splash screen appears briefly before it quietly closes. No errors are displayed; the utility just fails to launch. I have run SSD Fresh on another SSD-equipped Windows 7 Pro x64 computer in the past without any problems. Does anyone know what might be preventing the program from running? I tried running sfc /scannow from the command line (with administrator privileges), shutting down the Spybot Resident, and disabling the firewall and virus scanner. I also tried running the tool as administrator; I even tried reinstalling it, running the installer as administrator. No luck. Every time I try to launch the program the Event Viewer logs this same set of errors: Error 4/2/2012 11:35:44 PM Application Error 1000 (100) Faulting application name: SSDFresh.exe, version: 1.0.0.0, time stamp: 0x4f2a45d8 Faulting module name: unknown, version: 0.0.0.0, time stamp: 0x00000000 Exception code: 0xc0000005 Fault offset: 0x000007ff0016dbba Faulting process id: 0x994 Faulting application start time: 0x01cd11fd9fe978df Faulting application path: C:\Program Files (x86)\SSD Fresh\SSDFresh.exe Faulting module path: unknown Report Id: dfeed551-7df0-11e1-a2c7-002522c47ec0 Error 4/2/2012 11:35:43 PM .NET Runtime 1026 None Application: SSDFresh.exe Framework Version: v4.0.30319 Description: The process was terminated due to an unhandled exception. Exception Info: System.NullReferenceException Stack: at AbBugReporter.BugForm.InitLanguage() at AbBugReporter.BugForm..ctor(AbFlexTrans.LanguageInfo, AbBugReporter.BugReportManager, Boolean) at AbBugReporter.BugReportManager.Show(System.Exception) at SSDFresh.App.App_DispatcherUnhandledException(System.Object, System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherUnhandledExceptionEventArgs) at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.CatchException(System.Exception) at MS.Internal.Threading.ExceptionFilterHelper.TryCatchWhen(System.Object, System.Delegate, System.Object, Int32, System.Delegate) at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.WrappedInvoke(System.Delegate, System.Object, Int32, System.Delegate) at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.InvokeImpl(System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherPriority, System.TimeSpan, System.Delegate, System.Object, Int32) at MS.Win32.HwndSubclass.SubclassWndProc(IntPtr, Int32, IntPtr, IntPtr) at MS.Win32.UnsafeNativeMethods.DispatchMessage(System.Windows.Interop.MSG ByRef) at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.PushFrameImpl(System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherFrame) at System.Windows.Application.RunInternal(System.Windows.Window) at System.Windows.Application.Run() at SSDFresh.App.Main() Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Activation context generation failed for "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\csc.exe".Error in manifest or policy file "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\csc.exe.Config" on line 0. Invalid Xml syntax. Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None For those who are interested, here is my system configuration: ASRock M3A770DE AM3 AMD 770 ATX AMD Motherboard AMD Athlon II X3 455 Rana 3.3GHz Socket AM3 95W Triple-Core Desktop Processor ADX455WFGMBOX G.SKILL Value Series 8GB (2 x 4GB) 240-Pin DDR3 SDRAM DDR3 1333 (PC3 10600) Desktop Memory Model F3-10600CL9D-8GBNT Mushkin Enhanced Chronos Deluxe MKNSSDCR60GB-DX 2.5" 60GB SATA III Synchronous MLC Internal Solid State Drive (SSD) (Primary/Boot HD) Western Digital Caviar Blue RFHWD1600AAJS 160GB 7200 RPM SATA 3.0Gb/s 3.5" Internal Hard Drive -Bare Drive (Secondary HD) Sony Optiarc CD/DVD Burner Black SATA Model AD-7261S-0B LightScribe Support RAIDMAX RX-850AE 850W ATX12V v2.3 / EPS12V SLI Certified CrossFire Ready 80 PLUS GOLD Certified Modular Active PFC Power Supply ASUS HD7850-DC2-2GD5 Radeon HD 7850 2GB 256-bit GDDR5 PCI Express 3.0 x16 HDCP Ready CrossFireX Support Video Card Asus ML228H 21.5" Full HD LED BackLight LED Monitor Slim Design (x3)

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  • PC runs very slowly for no apparent reason

    - by GalacticCowboy
    I have a Dell Latitude D820 that I've owned for about 2.5 years. It is a Core 2 Duo T7200 2.0GHz, with 2 GB of RAM, an 80 GB hard drive and an NVidia Quadro 120M video card. The computer was purchased in late November of 2006 with XP Pro, and included a free upgrade to Vista Business. (Vista was available on MSDN but not yet via retail, so the Vista Business upgrades weren't shipped until March of '07.) Since we had an MSDN subscription at the time, I installed Vista Ultimate on it pretty much as soon as I got it. It ran happily until sometime in the spring of 2007 when Media Center (which I had never used except to watch DVDs) started throwing some kind of bizarre SQL (CE?) error. This error would pop up at random times just while using the computer. Furthermore, Media Center would no longer start. I never identified the cause of this error. I had the Vista Business upgrade by this time, so I nuked the machine, installed XP and all the drivers, and then the Vista Business upgrade. Again, it ran happily for a few months and then started behaving badly once again. Vista Business doesn't have Media Center, so this exhibited completely unrelated symptoms. For no apparent reason and at fairly random times, the machine would suddenly appear to freeze up or run very slowly. For example, launching a new application window (any app) might take 30-45 seconds to paint fully. However, Task Manager showed very low CPU load, memory, etc. I tried all the normal stuff (chkdsk, defrag, etc.) and ran several diagnostic programs to try to identify any problems, but none found anything. It eventually reached the point that the computer was all but unusable, so I nuked it again and installed XP. This time I decided to stick with XP instead of going to Vista. However, within the past couple of months it has started to exhibit the same symptoms in XP that I used to see in Vista. The computer is still under Dell warranty until December, but so far they aren't any help unless I can identify a specific problem. A friend (partner in a now-dead business) has an identical machine that was purchased at the same time. His machine exhibits none of these symptoms, which leads me to believe it is a hardware issue, but I can't figure out how to identify it. Any ideas? Utilities? Seen something similar? At this point I can't even identify any pattern to the behavior, but would be willing to run a "stress test"-style app for as long as a couple days if I had any hope that it would find something. EDIT July 17 I'm testing jerryjvl's answer regarding the video card, though I'm not sure it fully explains the symptoms yet. This morning I ran a video stress test. The test itself ran fine, but immediately afterward the PC started acting up again. I left ProcExp open and various system processes were consuming 50-60% of the CPU but with no apparent reason. For example, "services.exe" was eating about 40%, but the sum of its child processes wasn't higher than about 5%. I left it alone for several minutes to settle down, and then it was fine again. I used the "video card stability test" from firestone-group.com. Its output isn't very detailed, but it at least exercises the hardware pretty hard. EDIT July 22 Thanks for your excellent suggestions. Here is an update on what I have tried so far. Ran memtest86, SeaTools (Seagate), Hitachi drive fitness test, video card stability test (mentioned above). The video card test was the only one that seemed to produce any results, though it didn't occur during the actual test. I defragged the drive (again...) with JkDefrag I dropped the video card

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  • Putting indexes in separate filegroup kills our queries

    - by womp
    Can anyone shed some light on this? On our dev boxes, our database resides entirely in the PRIMARY filegroup, and everything works fine. On one of our production servers, recently upgraded from 2005 to 2008, we noticed it was performing slower than it should. On this machine, there are two filegroups - PRIMARY and INDEXES. Both filegroups contain 1 file per logical volume, one logical volume per CPU, (and each logical volume is a RAID 10 of 4 physical disks). We isolated a few queries that were performing fast on the dev boxes and slow (up to 40x slower) on the production machine. Turned out these queries were using the non-clustered indexes that resided in the INDEXES filegroup. Tweaking some of the queries to only use clustered indexes that were in the PRIMARY filegroup dropped their times back to normal. As a final confirmation, we redeployed the same database on the same machine to have everything in PRIMARY, and things went back to normal! Here's the statistics output of one of the queries, run identically on the machine with different filegroup configurations (table names changed to protect the innocent): FAST (everything in PRIMARY filegroup): (3 row(s) affected) Table '0'. Scan count 2, logical reads 14, ... Table '1'. Scan count 0, logical reads 0, ... Table '1'. Scan count 0, logical reads 0, ... Table '2'. Scan count 2, logical reads 7, ... Table '3'. Scan count 2, logical reads 1012, ... Table '4'. Scan count 1, logical reads 3, ... SQL Server Execution Times: CPU time = 437 ms, elapsed time = 445 ms. SLOW (indexes split into their own filegroup): (3 row(s) affected) Table '0'. Scan count 209, logical reads 428, ... Table '1'. Scan count 0, logical reads 0,... Table '2'. Scan count 1021, logical reads 9043,.... Table '3'. Scan count 209, logical reads 105754, .... Table '4'. Scan count 0, logical reads 0, .... Table '5'. Scan count 1, logical reads 695, ... **Table '#46DA8CA9'. Scan count 205, logical reads 205, ...** Table '6'. Scan count 6, logical reads 436, ... Table '7'. Scan count 1, logical reads 12,.... SQL Server Execution Times: CPU time = 17581 ms, elapsed time = 17595 ms. Notice the weird temp table and extra tables involved in the slow query. It seems clear that having a second file group is making SQL Server batty with choosing an execution plan. What the heck is going on?

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  • Wear and tear on server hard drive from filesystem polling by PHP script

    - by jackie
    So I'm working on a discussion platform, and various clients will visit http://host/thread.php, which will render the discussion thread to date in addition to a form to submit a new post. When a new post is submitted, I would like all of the other clients with browser windows open to have it appear in near-real-time. One of the constraints of my script is that it may not use a DBMS and it must stay in the filesystem. Additionally, I can't use any PECL/PEAR extensions like inotify or anything like that for IPC. The flow will look like this: Client A requests thread.php and the thread is so far empty, but nonetheless it opens a Server-Side Event at eventPusher.php. Client B does the same. Client A fills out a post in the form and and submits (POSTs) it to subHandler.php. ??? (subHandler stores the new submission into the main thread storefile which gets read from when a fresh, new client requests thread.php, in addition to somehow signalling to the continually-running eventPusher event-source that a new comment was posted and that it should echo the event-json to the client. How, exactly, it will send this signal I'm yet unsure of, but there are a few options that I've thought of -- this is the crux of the question, so see below for more clarification) eventPusher.php happily pushes the new event to the client and it shows up soon after it was originally submitted on all clients who have the page open's screens. Now for the #4 missing-link mystery-step, I see a few problems. I mean, either way, eventPusher is gonna be doing a while loop of some sort -- it's gonna be polling something, I think that much is clear. (If that's a bad assumption please do let me know.) Now, the simplest way would be subHandler gets invoked on the form submission, writes it to the main store in addition to newComments.xml, then exits without doing anything else. Then eventPusher checks in newComments.xml every X seconds (by the way, what would be a reasonable time interval here?) and if it finds something then it emits an event to the client. Now, my fear with this is that the server's hard drive will have to constantly start spinning up. Maybe this isn't the case, perhaps it would just get cached in RAM and the linux kernel would take care of this transparently such that filesystem access doesn't actually engage the device because the kernel knows that that particular file hasn't changed since last read. * idea #2: I have no idea how to go about this, but perhaps there is a variable scope that gets stored in general RAM on the system which can be read by any process. Like if we mega-exported a bash variable so that $new_post is normally false but it gets toggled to true by subHandler, and then back to flase once it's pushed to the client. I doubt there's such a variable scope in PHP directly, but I struggle with the concept of variable scope, I just can't seem to understand it no matter what I read on it. * idea #3: eventPusher queries ps in its whileloop for another instance of itself. If there's not another eventPusher active then it's highly unlikely that new comments will be getting submitted. It's okay if this only works =90% of the time, it doesn't need to be completely foolproof. * idea #4: eventPusher queries DMESG to see if that file's been written to recently. So to sum everything up, I need to have inter-php-script-communication in near-real-time that will work on a standard mod_php shared hosting setup without any elevated privileges, PHP addon modules, or other system adjustments that can't be done from the PHP script itself at runtime. With*out* spinning up the drive more than a few times. No SQL servers either. Apologies if my english isn't the best, I'm still trying to improve on it.

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  • shinken/nagios discriminative between warning alert and critical alert

    - by SWdream
    i using shinken for my monitoring system. Now, i have a problem when i configure shinken notification. My purpose is to discriminative between notification for warning state and critical state of check service: with warning state: + time to send alert from 8h = 18 h everyday, via email and sms + notification_interval is 60 minutes (Re-notify about service problems every hour) with critical state: + time to send alert : all time (24 x 7), via email and sms + notification_interval is 30 minutes Please show me how to solve my problem! I have tried the following: i configured: + contact templates: define contact{ name warning-contact ; The name of this contact template register 0 ; DONT REGISTER THIS DEFINITION - ITS NOT A REAL CONTACT, JUST A TEMPLATE! host_notifications_enabled 1 define contact{ service_notifications_enabled 1 email shinken@localhost can_submit_commands 1 notificationways email_warning, sms_warning } define contact{ name critical-contact ; The name of this contact template register 0 ; DONT REGISTER THIS DEFINITION - ITS NOT A REAL CONTACT, JUST A TEMPLATE! host_notifications_enabled 1 service_notifications_enabled 1 email shinken@localhost can_submit_commands 1 notificationways email_critical, sms_critical } + time poriod templates: define timeperiod{ timeperiod_name warning alias Normal Work Hours monday 08:00-18:00 tuesday 08:00-18:00 wednesday 08:00-18:00 thursday 08:00-18:00 friday 08:00-18:00 saturday 08:00-18:00 sunday 08:00-18:00 #exclude 24x7 } define timeperiod{ timeperiod_name 24x7 alias 24_Hours_A_Day,_7_Days_A_Week sunday 00:00-24:00 monday 00:00-24:00 tuesday 00:00-24:00 wednesday 00:00-24:00 thursday 00:00-24:00 friday 00:00-24:00 saturday 00:00-24:00 #exclude workhours } + notification way templates: define notificationway{ notificationway_name email_warning service_notification_period warning host_notification_period warning service_notification_options w host_notification_options d,u,r,f,s notification_interval 60 ; Resend notifications every 30 minutes service_notification_commands notify-service-by-email ; send service notifications via email host_notification_commands notify-host-by-email ; send host notifications via email } define notificationway{ notificationway_name email_critical service_notification_period 24x7 host_notification_period 24x7 service_notification_options c,r host_notification_options d,u,r,f,s notification_interval 30 ; Resend notifications every 30 minutes service_notification_commands notify-service-by-email ; send service notifications via email host_notification_commands notify-host-by-email ; send host notifications via email } define notificationway{ notificationway_name sms_warning service_notification_period warning host_notification_period warning service_notification_options w host_notification_options d,u,r,f,s notification_interval 60 ; Resend notifications every 30 minutes service_notification_commands notify-service-by-sms ; send service notifications via sms host_notification_commands notify-host-by-sms ; send host notifications via sms } define notificationway{ notificationway_name sms_critical service_notification_period 24x7 host_notification_period 24x7 service_notification_options c,r host_notification_options d,u,r,f,s notification_interval 30 ; Resend notifications every 30 minutes service_notification_commands notify-service-by-sms ; send service notifications via sms host_notification_commands notify-host-by-sms ; send host notifications via sms } + my contacts define contact{ use warning-contact contact_name thanhwarn email xxxx pager xxxx ; contact phone number } define contact{ use critical-contact contact_name thanhcritical email xxxxx pager 01689xxxx ; contact phone number } + and define service: define service{ use generic-service service_description check_ram host_name graphite contacts thanhcritical, thanhwarn check_command check_nrpe!check_ram } but my shinken system don't send alert. i don't understand this. please show me where I went wrong! thanks all!

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  • Installing XP through USB-flash disc

    - by Crazy Buddy
    I don't know whether this could be asked here... So, Pardon me for this. Probably, this is based on My laptop and a contradiction to this question asked already here... I tried to format my "government-provided" laptop (No CD-drive). I thought those IT guys are proving that they're too smart..! I have the Windows XP CD right now. I didn't like to stick with some home-made OS from our Government. So, I used another laptop to format the govt. thing and tried to install XP (As I didn't have enough bills to invest on Windows 7 or 8). Case 1: First, I allowed WinSetupFromUSB 1.0 beta 8 to deal with the flash disk. I wondered for the first time that XP text-screen appeared. Using the first part, I formatted my laptop. It started to copy files, entered into the next part, and completed the installation. I started my PC for the first time. XP splash screen appeared. Suddenly, a blue screen flashed and disappeared (I can't even read what it says). Rebooted and arrived at the screen, "Start Windows Normally". It happens and happens still - like an infinite loop :-) Case 2: Next, I used Rufus 1.2.0 to transfer files to my Flash and it screwed everything out. Even if I used Flash to boot, it arrives to the same screen "Start Windows normally". It doesn't show any response of Flash being inserted. Then I recognized that, It's simply copies everything to the flash disk. Case 3: Then, I started with Novicorp WinToFlash (giving utmost priority to this site). I booted with the disk. I entered into the first part - "Text mode". Some lines started running like that "Press F6 if you..." like that. The last thing I saw was, "Setup is starting Windows..." Suddenly a blue screen appeared like this captured one. I've a suspicion that the same screen appears again & again in first case. Man, I'm dead. Case 4: For the sake of my last hope, I used WinSetupFromUSB 0.1.1. I was shocked on arriving at a screen which says something "GRUB4DOS" like that and some commands like {command line, reboot, halt, \find menu.lst} and when I go inside those "find" options, I see "Error:15 - File not found". Googling provided some commands to mount SETUPLDR.BIN file in the "grub" thing which also proved unsuccessful... Some sites say that Factory reset uses only some function keys. A guy said that it's F11 for lenovo. Screw him. It's all a waste-of-time. But, I think SE would help me out. Is our government IT guys doin' this to me? Are they Soooo smart to spark some blue screen in front of me to freak me out? Any suggestions or new (useful) USB transferring things would be appreciated. It's very urgent. So, It'd be better if you guys pay some attention in debugging and help me out..? Thanks for your time guys :-)

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  • How does the Cloud compare to Colocation? And development too

    - by David
    Currently I/we run a SaaS web application where each subscriber has their own physical instance of the application in addition to their own database. The setup has each web application instance deployed on two different IIS boxes both for load-balancing and redundancy (the machines have their Windows Update install times 12 hours apart, for example). Databases are mirrored on two different SQL Server 2012 machines with AlwaysOn for uptime. I don't make use of SQL Server clustering (as it doesn't provide storage-level failover: we don't have a shared storage box). Because it's a Windows setup it means there are two Domain Controllers (we cheat: they're both Mac Minis, 17W each, which keeps our colo power costs low). Finally there's also an Exchange server (Mailbox, Hub Transport and Client Access). One of the SQL Servers also doubles-up as an Exchange Hub Transport. Running costs are about $700 a month for our quarter-rack colocation (which includes power and peering/transfer), then there's about $150 a month for SPLA licensing, so $850 a month in total. Then there's the hard-to-quantify cost of administration, but I reckon I spend a couple of hours a week checking-in on the servers: reviewing event logs, etc. I keep getting bombarded by ads and manufactured news stories about how great "the cloud" is. Back in 2008 when the cloud was taking off I was reading up about the proper "cloud" services like Google AppEngine, where you write in Python against Google's API and that's how they scale your application across servers and also use their database provider for scaling storage. Simple enough to understand. Then came along Amazon, and I understand how Amazon Storage works, but I'm not sure how Amazon Compute works: web application pages don't take much CPU time to compute, how do you even quantify usage anyway? Finally, RackSpace gets in the act and now I'm really confused. RackSpace advertise "Cloud" SQL Server 2012 available for about "$0.70 per hour", going by how they advertise it I thought the "hour" meant the sum of CPU time, IO blocking time, maybe time spent transferring data, so for a low-intensity application that works out pretty cheap then? Nope. I went on to a Sales Chat window and spoke to one of their advisors. They told me the $0.70/hour was actually for every hour the SQL Server is running... but who wants a SQL Server for only a few hours? You're going to need it available 24 hours a day for months on end. $0.70 * 24 * 31 works out at $520 a month, which is rediculously expensive for SQL Server. An SPLA license for SQL Server is only $50 a month or so. That $520 a month does not include "fanatical support", and you also need to stack on top the costs of the host Windows server instance too. From what I can tell, Rackspace's "Cloud" products seem like like an cynical rebranding of an overpriced VPS service, but priced by the hour. I have the same confusion about Windows Azure which uses similar terms to describe the products available, but I think that's because Azure offers both traditional shared webhosting in addition to their own APIs you can target for scalable applications.

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  • Monitor randomly shutting down, computer accepting no input, need to restart to get working

    - by Sebastian Lamerichs
    First off, spec list: OS: Windows 7 Ultimate 64-bit SP1 CPU: i7-4820k @ 3.7GHz (stock) GPU: Two 3GB Radeon HD 7970s @ 1.05GHz Mobo: AsRock X79 Extreme6 HDD: 2TB Seagate Barracuda 7200rpm RAM: 16GB quad-channel Kingston 1600MHz PSU: Antec HCG 900W Monitors: Acer S220HQL 1920x1080 + ViewSonic VA2251 1920x1080. Plugged into different GPUs. My problem is that, on a daily-ish basis, my monitors will turn off and not turn back on. My computer will still be running, GPU/CPU/case fans all still going, but the monitors will not turn back on. Additionally, it seems to cease all network activity. It doesn't seem to log any errors at all. I've verified that this is not a monitor issue, as when I press the num/caps/scroll lock buttons on my keyboard, the lights don't change, so the computer is clearly not accepting input. I have noticed a few other people on the internet with this problem, and some have claimed that it was solved by disabling PCI-Express Link State Power Management, but the issue still occurs for me after this. Whilst my CPU and GPUs both run at 100% 24/7, the temperatures are certainly not at dangerous levels, with the CPU averaging 65°C and the GPUs at 70°C and 78°C average. All components are brand new. I have tried forcing MSI Afterburner to start when Windows starts and to force a constant voltage, as this fixed the issue for a few days for another user, but he reported back saying that it had stopped working properly again, so I'm not putting too much faith in this working. Many people have said to adjust display sleep mode settings, but this will clearly not work, as the keyboard lights would still work if the monitors were the issue. The closest I can get to a log file for this issue is the following Folding@Home logs: 14:45:21:WU01:FS00:0x17:Completed 1120000 out of 2000000 steps (56%) 14:46:43:WU00:FS01:0x17:Completed 480000 out of 2000000 steps (24%) 14:46:49:WU01:FS00:0x17:Completed 1140000 out of 2000000 steps (57%) 14:48:30:WU01:FS00:0x17:Completed 1160000 out of 2000000 steps (58%) 14:49:55:WU01:FS00:0x17:Completed 1180000 out of 2000000 steps (59%) As you can see, the second GPU (FS01) stops computation approximately three and a half minutes before the issue occurs (it should be completing 1% every 80-120 seconds), and the first GPU (FS00) continues for a few minutes more before the logs just end. As far as I can tell, the computer has a network failure at the time the first GPU stops working, the latest IRC message I received from this time was at 14:47:58. That being said, there could have just not been any messages between then and 14:50:00, so I'm going to be connecting a laptop to the same bouncer to double-check if it happens again. The GPUs functioned perfectly well in another computer for a significant period of time, so I'm fairly confident that they aren't the issue, which means that this is being caused by either software or the motherboard, or possibly RAM. I really hope it's software. I heard from a forum board that there was a patch from Microsoft that fixed this problem, but "I've forgot which KB it was or the google search terms I used to find the patch, LOL.", so that's not much help. Haven't seen it mentioned by anyone else on about a dozen threads about this issue either. The computer is plugged in via a surge-protected power board, and I've run several other computers and pieces of hardware through it with no issues, so that is not the cause. I have just set the hard disk to never turn off, although I don't believe that that will solve the issue. Strangely, this has only happened when I'm not at the computer (which is actually a minority of the time). Until today it had only happened when I had not been actively using the computer for 6 hours, but today it happened within 10-30 minutes of me last using the computer actively. I have enabled file logging from MSI Afterburner, so hopefully this will shed some light on the issue, but I'm not too optimistic. I've heard that it could be a motherboard problem, but I figured I should ask around before RMAing it. Any help?

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  • BIND no longer responds to AXFR Requests

    - by djsumdog
    Recently we moved our primary external DNS server. It has three caching DNS slaves in front of it provided by our ISP. They've told us they've started getting access denied requests when doing zone transfers (AXFR). If I add in my own IPs to the allow-transfer list, I also get a transfer failed when using dig with the AXFR argument. Here is what my bind configuration looks like: options { directory "/var/lib/named"; dump-file "/var/log/named_dump.db"; zone-statistics yes; statistics-file "/var/log/named.stats"; listen-on-v6 { any; }; notify-source 10.19.0.68 port 53; querylog yes; notify yes; allow-transfer { 127.0.0.1; //localhost 1.1.1.1; //public dns slave 1 2.2.2.2; //public dns slave 2 3.3.3.3; //public dns slave 3 }; also-notify { 1.1.1.1; //public dns slave 1 2.2.2.2; //public dns slave 2 3.3.3.3; //public dns slave 3 }; include "/etc/named.d/forwarders.conf"; }; logging { channel simple_log { file "/var/log/bind.log" versions 10 size 3m; severity info; print-time yes; print-severity yes; print-category yes; }; category default{ simple_log; }; channel log_zone_transfers { file "/var/log/axfr.log" versions 10 size 3m; print-time yes; print-category yes; print-severity yes; }; category xfer-out { log_zone_transfers; }; channel log_notify { file "/var/log/notify.log" versions 10 size 3m; print-time yes; print-category yes; print-severity yes; }; category notify { log_notify; }; channel queries { file "/var/log/queries.log" versions 10 size 30m; print-time yes; severity info; print-category yes; print-severity yes; }; category queries { queries; }; }; zone "." in { type hint; file "root.hint"; }; zone "localhost" in { type master; file "localhost.zone"; }; zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" in { type master; file "127.0.0.zone"; }; include "/etc/named.conf.include"; zone "example.net " { type master; file "/var/lib/named/master/example.net.hosts"; }; zone "example.com " { type master; file "/var/lib/named/master/example.com.hosts"; }; ## -- other master files -- And the errors in the xfer log look like the following: 29-Oct-2012 14:20:02.806 xfer-out: info: client 1.1.1.1#59069: bad zone transfer request: 'example.com./IN': non-authoritative zone (NOTAUTH) I've tried adding allow-transfer parameters directly on the zone files and still get failed transfers. Any idea what I'm doing wrong?

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  • .NET HTML Sanitation for rich HTML Input

    - by Rick Strahl
    Recently I was working on updating a legacy application to MVC 4 that included free form text input. When I set up the new site my initial approach was to not allow any rich HTML input, only simple text formatting that would respect a few simple HTML commands for bold, lists etc. and automatically handles line break processing for new lines and paragraphs. This is typical for what I do with most multi-line text input in my apps and it works very well with very little development effort involved. Then the client sprung another note: Oh by the way we have a bunch of customers (real estate agents) who need to post complete HTML documents. Oh uh! There goes the simple theory. After some discussion and pleading on my part (<snicker>) to try and avoid this type of raw HTML input because of potential XSS issues, the client decided to go ahead and allow raw HTML input anyway. There has been lots of discussions on this subject on StackOverFlow (and here and here) but to after reading through some of the solutions I didn't really find anything that would work even closely for what I needed. Specifically we need to be able to allow just about any HTML markup, with the exception of script code. Remote CSS and Images need to be loaded, links need to work and so. While the 'legit' HTML posted by these agents is basic in nature it does span most of the full gamut of HTML (4). Most of the solutions XSS prevention/sanitizer solutions I found were way to aggressive and rendered the posted output unusable mostly because they tend to strip any externally loaded content. In short I needed a custom solution. I thought the best solution to this would be to use an HTML parser - in this case the Html Agility Pack - and then to run through all the HTML markup provided and remove any of the blacklisted tags and a number of attributes that are prone to JavaScript injection. There's much discussion on whether to use blacklists vs. whitelists in the discussions mentioned above, but I found that whitelists can make sense in simple scenarios where you might allow manual HTML input, but when you need to allow a larger array of HTML functionality a blacklist is probably easier to manage as the vast majority of elements and attributes could be allowed. Also white listing gets a bit more complex with HTML5 and the new proliferation of new HTML tags and most new tags generally don't affect XSS issues directly. Pure whitelisting based on elements and attributes also doesn't capture many edge cases (see some of the XSS cheat sheets listed below) so even with a white list, custom logic is still required to handle many of those edge cases. The Microsoft Web Protection Library (AntiXSS) My first thought was to check out the Microsoft AntiXSS library. Microsoft has an HTML Encoding and Sanitation library in the Microsoft Web Protection Library (formerly AntiXSS Library) on CodePlex, which provides stricter functions for whitelist encoding and sanitation. Initially I thought the Sanitation class and its static members would do the trick for me,but I found that this library is way too restrictive for my needs. Specifically the Sanitation class strips out images and links which rendered the full HTML from our real estate clients completely useless. I didn't spend much time with it, but apparently I'm not alone if feeling this library is not really useful without some way to configure operation. To give you an example of what didn't work for me with the library here's a small and simple HTML fragment that includes script, img and anchor tags. I would expect the script to be stripped and everything else to be left intact. Here's the original HTML:var value = "<b>Here</b> <script>alert('hello')</script> we go. Visit the " + "<a href='http://west-wind.com'>West Wind</a> site. " + "<img src='http://west-wind.com/images/new.gif' /> " ; and the code to sanitize it with the AntiXSS Sanitize class:@Html.Raw(Microsoft.Security.Application.Sanitizer.GetSafeHtmlFragment(value)) This produced a not so useful sanitized string: Here we go. Visit the <a>West Wind</a> site. While it removed the <script> tag (good) it also removed the href from the link and the image tag altogether (bad). In some situations this might be useful, but for most tasks I doubt this is the desired behavior. While links can contain javascript: references and images can 'broadcast' information to a server, without configuration to tell the library what to restrict this becomes useless to me. I couldn't find any way to customize the white list, nor is there code available in this 'open source' library on CodePlex. Using Html Agility Pack for HTML Parsing The WPL library wasn't going to cut it. After doing a bit of research I decided the best approach for a custom solution would be to use an HTML parser and inspect the HTML fragment/document I'm trying to import. I've used the HTML Agility Pack before for a number of apps where I needed an HTML parser without requiring an instance of a full browser like the Internet Explorer Application object which is inadequate in Web apps. In case you haven't checked out the Html Agility Pack before, it's a powerful HTML parser library that you can use from your .NET code. It provides a simple, parsable HTML DOM model to full HTML documents or HTML fragments that let you walk through each of the elements in your document. If you've used the HTML or XML DOM in a browser before you'll feel right at home with the Agility Pack. Blacklist based HTML Parsing to strip XSS Code For my purposes of HTML sanitation, the process involved is to walk the HTML document one element at a time and then check each element and attribute against a blacklist. There's quite a bit of argument of what's better: A whitelist of allowed items or a blacklist of denied items. While whitelists tend to be more secure, they also require a lot more configuration. In the case of HTML5 a whitelist could be very extensive. For what I need, I only want to ensure that no JavaScript is executed, so a blacklist includes the obvious <script> tag plus any tag that allows loading of external content including <iframe>, <object>, <embed> and <link> etc. <form>  is also excluded to avoid posting content to a different location. I also disallow <head> and <meta> tags in particular for my case, since I'm only allowing posting of HTML fragments. There is also some internal logic to exclude some attributes or attributes that include references to JavaScript or CSS expressions. The default tag blacklist reflects my use case, but is customizable and can be added to. Here's my HtmlSanitizer implementation:using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IO; using System.Xml; using HtmlAgilityPack; namespace Westwind.Web.Utilities { public class HtmlSanitizer { public HashSet<string> BlackList = new HashSet<string>() { { "script" }, { "iframe" }, { "form" }, { "object" }, { "embed" }, { "link" }, { "head" }, { "meta" } }; /// <summary> /// Cleans up an HTML string and removes HTML tags in blacklist /// </summary> /// <param name="html"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string SanitizeHtml(string html, params string[] blackList) { var sanitizer = new HtmlSanitizer(); if (blackList != null && blackList.Length > 0) { sanitizer.BlackList.Clear(); foreach (string item in blackList) sanitizer.BlackList.Add(item); } return sanitizer.Sanitize(html); } /// <summary> /// Cleans up an HTML string by removing elements /// on the blacklist and all elements that start /// with onXXX . /// </summary> /// <param name="html"></param> /// <returns></returns> public string Sanitize(string html) { var doc = new HtmlDocument(); doc.LoadHtml(html); SanitizeHtmlNode(doc.DocumentNode); //return doc.DocumentNode.WriteTo(); string output = null; // Use an XmlTextWriter to create self-closing tags using (StringWriter sw = new StringWriter()) { XmlWriter writer = new XmlTextWriter(sw); doc.DocumentNode.WriteTo(writer); output = sw.ToString(); // strip off XML doc header if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(output)) { int at = output.IndexOf("?>"); output = output.Substring(at + 2); } writer.Close(); } doc = null; return output; } private void SanitizeHtmlNode(HtmlNode node) { if (node.NodeType == HtmlNodeType.Element) { // check for blacklist items and remove if (BlackList.Contains(node.Name)) { node.Remove(); return; } // remove CSS Expressions and embedded script links if (node.Name == "style") { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(node.InnerText)) { if (node.InnerHtml.Contains("expression") || node.InnerHtml.Contains("javascript:")) node.ParentNode.RemoveChild(node); } } // remove script attributes if (node.HasAttributes) { for (int i = node.Attributes.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--) { HtmlAttribute currentAttribute = node.Attributes[i]; var attr = currentAttribute.Name.ToLower(); var val = currentAttribute.Value.ToLower(); span style="background: white; color: green">// remove event handlers if (attr.StartsWith("on")) node.Attributes.Remove(currentAttribute); // remove script links else if ( //(attr == "href" || attr== "src" || attr == "dynsrc" || attr == "lowsrc") && val != null && val.Contains("javascript:")) node.Attributes.Remove(currentAttribute); // Remove CSS Expressions else if (attr == "style" && val != null && val.Contains("expression") || val.Contains("javascript:") || val.Contains("vbscript:")) node.Attributes.Remove(currentAttribute); } } } // Look through child nodes recursively if (node.HasChildNodes) { for (int i = node.ChildNodes.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--) { SanitizeHtmlNode(node.ChildNodes[i]); } } } } } Please note: Use this as a starting point only for your own parsing and review the code for your specific use case! If your needs are less lenient than mine were you can you can make this much stricter by not allowing src and href attributes or CSS links if your HTML doesn't allow it. You can also check links for external URLs and disallow those - lots of options.  The code is simple enough to make it easy to extend to fit your use cases more specifically. It's also quite easy to make this code work using a WhiteList approach if you want to go that route. The code above is semi-generic for allowing full featured HTML fragments that only disallow script related content. The Sanitize method walks through each node of the document and then recursively drills into all of its children until the entire document has been traversed. Note that the code here uses an XmlTextWriter to write output - this is done to preserve XHTML style self-closing tags which are otherwise left as non-self-closing tags. The sanitizer code scans for blacklist elements and removes those elements not allowed. Note that the blacklist is configurable either in the instance class as a property or in the static method via the string parameter list. Additionally the code goes through each element's attributes and looks for a host of rules gleaned from some of the XSS cheat sheets listed at the end of the post. Clearly there are a lot more XSS vulnerabilities, but a lot of them apply to ancient browsers (IE6 and versions of Netscape) - many of these glaring holes (like CSS expressions - WTF IE?) have been removed in modern browsers. What a Pain To be honest this is NOT a piece of code that I wanted to write. I think building anything related to XSS is better left to people who have far more knowledge of the topic than I do. Unfortunately, I was unable to find a tool that worked even closely for me, or even provided a working base. For the project I was working on I had no choice and I'm sharing the code here merely as a base line to start with and potentially expand on for specific needs. It's sad that Microsoft Web Protection Library is currently such a train wreck - this is really something that should come from Microsoft as the systems vendor or possibly a third party that provides security tools. Luckily for my application we are dealing with a authenticated and validated users so the user base is fairly well known, and relatively small - this is not a wide open Internet application that's directly public facing. As I mentioned earlier in the post, if I had my way I would simply not allow this type of raw HTML input in the first place, and instead rely on a more controlled HTML input mechanism like MarkDown or even a good HTML Edit control that can provide some limits on what types of input are allowed. Alas in this case I was overridden and we had to go forward and allow *any* raw HTML posted. Sometimes I really feel sad that it's come this far - how many good applications and tools have been thwarted by fear of XSS (or worse) attacks? So many things that could be done *if* we had a more secure browser experience and didn't have to deal with every little script twerp trying to hack into Web pages and obscure browser bugs. So much time wasted building secure apps, so much time wasted by others trying to hack apps… We're a funny species - no other species manages to waste as much time, effort and resources as we humans do :-) Resources Code on GitHub Html Agility Pack XSS Cheat Sheet XSS Prevention Cheat Sheet Microsoft Web Protection Library (AntiXss) StackOverflow Links: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/341872/html-sanitizer-for-net http://blog.stackoverflow.com/2008/06/safe-html-and-xss/ http://code.google.com/p/subsonicforums/source/browse/trunk/SubSonic.Forums.Data/HtmlScrubber.cs?r=61© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2012Posted in Security  HTML  ASP.NET  JavaScript   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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  • Announcing the Release of Visual Studio 2013 and Great Improvements to ASP.NET and Entity Framework

    - by ScottGu
    Today we released VS 2013 and .NET 4.5.1. These releases include a ton of great improvements, and include some fantastic enhancements to ASP.NET and the Entity Framework.  You can download and start using them now. Below are details on a few of the great ASP.NET, Web Development, and Entity Framework improvements you can take advantage of with this release.  Please visit http://www.asp.net/vnext for additional release notes, documentation, and tutorials. One ASP.NET With the release of Visual Studio 2013, we have taken a step towards unifying the experience of using the different ASP.NET sub-frameworks (Web Forms, MVC, Web API, SignalR, etc), and you can now easily mix and match the different ASP.NET technologies you want to use within a single application. When you do a File-New Project with VS 2013 you’ll now see a single ASP.NET Project option: Selecting this project will bring up an additional dialog that allows you to start with a base project template, and then optionally add/remove the technologies you want to use in it.  For example, you could start with a Web Forms template and add Web API or Web Forms support for it, or create a MVC project and also enable Web Forms pages within it: This makes it easy for you to use any ASP.NET technology you want within your apps, and take advantage of any feature across the entire ASP.NET technology span. Richer Authentication Support The new “One ASP.NET” project dialog also includes a new Change Authentication button that, when pushed, enables you to easily change the authentication approach used by your applications – and makes it much easier to build secure applications that enable SSO from a variety of identity providers.  For example, when you start with the ASP.NET Web Forms or MVC templates you can easily add any of the following authentication options to the application: No Authentication Individual User Accounts (Single Sign-On support with FaceBook, Twitter, Google, and Microsoft ID – or Forms Auth with ASP.NET Membership) Organizational Accounts (Single Sign-On support with Windows Azure Active Directory ) Windows Authentication (Active Directory in an intranet application) The Windows Azure Active Directory support is particularly cool.  Last month we updated Windows Azure Active Directory so that developers can now easily create any number of Directories using it (for free and deployed within seconds).  It now takes only a few moments to enable single-sign-on support within your ASP.NET applications against these Windows Azure Active Directories.  Simply choose the “Organizational Accounts” radio button within the Change Authentication dialog and enter the name of your Windows Azure Active Directory to do this: This will automatically configure your ASP.NET application to use Windows Azure Active Directory and register the application with it.  Now when you run the app your users can easily and securely sign-in using their Active Directory credentials within it – regardless of where the application is hosted on the Internet. For more information about the new process for creating web projects, see Creating ASP.NET Web Projects in Visual Studio 2013. Responsive Project Templates with Bootstrap The new default project templates for ASP.NET Web Forms, MVC, Web API and SPA are built using Bootstrap. Bootstrap is an open source CSS framework that helps you build responsive websites which look great on different form factors such as mobile phones, tables and desktops. For example in a browser window the home page created by the MVC template looks like the following: When you resize the browser to a narrow window to see how it would like on a phone, you can notice how the contents gracefully wrap around and the horizontal top menu turns into an icon: When you click the menu-icon above it expands into a vertical menu – which enables a good navigation experience for small screen real-estate devices: We think Bootstrap will enable developers to build web applications that work even better on phones, tablets and other mobile devices – and enable you to easily build applications that can leverage the rich ecosystem of Bootstrap CSS templates already out there.  You can learn more about Bootstrap here. Visual Studio Web Tooling Improvements Visual Studio 2013 includes a new, much richer, HTML editor for Razor files and HTML files in web applications. The new HTML editor provides a single unified schema based on HTML5. It has automatic brace completion, jQuery UI and AngularJS attribute IntelliSense, attribute IntelliSense Grouping, and other great improvements. For example, typing “ng-“ on an HTML element will show the intellisense for AngularJS: This support for AngularJS, Knockout.js, Handlebars and other SPA technologies in this release of ASP.NET and VS 2013 makes it even easier to build rich client web applications: The screen shot below demonstrates how the HTML editor can also now inspect your page at design-time to determine all of the CSS classes that are available. In this case, the auto-completion list contains classes from Bootstrap’s CSS file. No more guessing at which Bootstrap element names you need to use: Visual Studio 2013 also comes with built-in support for both CoffeeScript and LESS editing support. The LESS editor comes with all the cool features from the CSS editor and has specific Intellisense for variables and mixins across all the LESS documents in the @import chain. Browser Link – SignalR channel between browser and Visual Studio The new Browser Link feature in VS 2013 lets you run your app within multiple browsers on your dev machine, connect them to Visual Studio, and simultaneously refresh all of them just by clicking a button in the toolbar. You can connect multiple browsers (including IE, FireFox, Chrome) to your development site, including mobile emulators, and click refresh to refresh all the browsers all at the same time.  This makes it much easier to easily develop/test against multiple browsers in parallel. Browser Link also exposes an API to enable developers to write Browser Link extensions.  By enabling developers to take advantage of the Browser Link API, it becomes possible to create very advanced scenarios that crosses boundaries between Visual Studio and any browser that’s connected to it. Web Essentials takes advantage of the API to create an integrated experience between Visual Studio and the browser’s developer tools, remote controlling mobile emulators and a lot more. You will see us take advantage of this support even more to enable really cool scenarios going forward. ASP.NET Scaffolding ASP.NET Scaffolding is a new code generation framework for ASP.NET Web applications. It makes it easy to add boilerplate code to your project that interacts with a data model. In previous versions of Visual Studio, scaffolding was limited to ASP.NET MVC projects. With Visual Studio 2013, you can now use scaffolding for any ASP.NET project, including Web Forms. When using scaffolding, we ensure that all required dependencies are automatically installed for you in the project. For example, if you start with an ASP.NET Web Forms project and then use scaffolding to add a Web API Controller, the required NuGet packages and references to enable Web API are added to your project automatically.  To do this, just choose the Add->New Scaffold Item context menu: Support for scaffolding async controllers uses the new async features from Entity Framework 6. ASP.NET Identity ASP.NET Identity is a new membership system for ASP.NET applications that we are introducing with this release. ASP.NET Identity makes it easy to integrate user-specific profile data with application data. ASP.NET Identity also allows you to choose the persistence model for user profiles in your application. You can store the data in a SQL Server database or another data store, including NoSQL data stores such as Windows Azure Storage Tables. ASP.NET Identity also supports Claims-based authentication, where the user’s identity is represented as a set of claims from a trusted issuer. Users can login by creating an account on the website using username and password, or they can login using social identity providers (such as Microsoft Account, Twitter, Facebook, Google) or using organizational accounts through Windows Azure Active Directory or Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS). To learn more about how to use ASP.NET Identity visit http://www.asp.net/identity.  ASP.NET Web API 2 ASP.NET Web API 2 has a bunch of great improvements including: Attribute routing ASP.NET Web API now supports attribute routing, thanks to a contribution by Tim McCall, the author of http://attributerouting.net. With attribute routing you can specify your Web API routes by annotating your actions and controllers like this: OAuth 2.0 support The Web API and Single Page Application project templates now support authorization using OAuth 2.0. OAuth 2.0 is a framework for authorizing client access to protected resources. It works for a variety of clients including browsers and mobile devices. OData Improvements ASP.NET Web API also now provides support for OData endpoints and enables support for both ATOM and JSON-light formats. With OData you get support for rich query semantics, paging, $metadata, CRUD operations, and custom actions over any data source. Below are some of the specific enhancements in ASP.NET Web API 2 OData. Support for $select, $expand, $batch, and $value Improved extensibility Type-less support Reuse an existing model OWIN Integration ASP.NET Web API now fully supports OWIN and can be run on any OWIN capable host. With OWIN integration, you can self-host Web API in your own process alongside other OWIN middleware, such as SignalR. For more information, see Use OWIN to Self-Host ASP.NET Web API. More Web API Improvements In addition to the features above there have been a host of other features in ASP.NET Web API, including CORS support Authentication Filters Filter Overrides Improved Unit Testability Portable ASP.NET Web API Client To learn more go to http://www.asp.net/web-api/ ASP.NET SignalR 2 ASP.NET SignalR is library for ASP.NET developers that dramatically simplifies the process of adding real-time web functionality to your applications. Real-time web functionality is the ability to have server-side code push content to connected clients instantly as it becomes available. SignalR 2.0 introduces a ton of great improvements. We’ve added support for Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) to SignalR 2.0. iOS and Android support for SignalR have also been added using the MonoTouch and MonoDroid components from the Xamarin library (for more information on how to use these additions, see the article Using Xamarin Components from the SignalR wiki). We’ve also added support for the Portable .NET Client in SignalR 2.0 and created a new self-hosting package. This change makes the setup process for SignalR much more consistent between web-hosted and self-hosted SignalR applications. To learn more go to http://www.asp.net/signalr. ASP.NET MVC 5 The ASP.NET MVC project templates integrate seamlessly with the new One ASP.NET experience and enable you to integrate all of the above ASP.NET Web API, SignalR and Identity improvements. You can also customize your MVC project and configure authentication using the One ASP.NET project creation wizard. The MVC templates have also been updated to use ASP.NET Identity and Bootstrap as well. An introductory tutorial to ASP.NET MVC 5 can be found at Getting Started with ASP.NET MVC 5. This release of ASP.NET MVC also supports several nice new MVC-specific features including: Authentication filters: These filters allow you to specify authentication logic per-action, per-controller or globally for all controllers. Attribute Routing: Attribute Routing allows you to define your routes on actions or controllers. To learn more go to http://www.asp.net/mvc Entity Framework 6 Improvements Visual Studio 2013 ships with Entity Framework 6, which bring a lot of great new features to the data access space: Async and Task<T> Support EF6’s new Async Query and Save support enables you to perform asynchronous data access and take advantage of the Task<T> support introduced in .NET 4.5 within data access scenarios.  This allows you to free up threads that might otherwise by blocked on data access requests, and enable them to be used to process other requests whilst you wait for the database engine to process operations. When the database server responds the thread will be re-queued within your ASP.NET application and execution will continue.  This enables you to easily write significantly more scalable server code. Here is an example ASP.NET WebAPI action that makes use of the new EF6 async query methods: Interception and Logging Interception and SQL logging allows you to view – or even change – every command that is sent to the database by Entity Framework. This includes a simple, human readable log – which is great for debugging – as well as some lower level building blocks that give you access to the command and results. Here is an example of wiring up the simple log to Debug in the constructor of an MVC controller: Custom Code-First Conventions The new Custom Code-First Conventions enable bulk configuration of a Code First model – reducing the amount of code you need to write and maintain. Conventions are great when your domain classes don’t match the Code First conventions. For example, the following convention configures all properties that are called ‘Key’ to be the primary key of the entity they belong to. This is different than the default Code First convention that expects Id or <type name>Id. Connection Resiliency The new Connection Resiliency feature in EF6 enables you to register an execution strategy to handle – and potentially retry – failed database operations. This is especially useful when deploying to cloud environments where dropped connections become more common as you traverse load balancers and distributed networks. EF6 includes a built-in execution strategy for SQL Azure that knows about retryable exception types and has some sensible – but overridable – defaults for the number of retries and time between retries when errors occur. Registering it is simple using the new Code-Based Configuration support: These are just some of the new features in EF6. You can visit the release notes section of the Entity Framework site for a complete list of new features. Microsoft OWIN Components Open Web Interface for .NET (OWIN) defines an open abstraction between .NET web servers and web applications, and the ASP.NET “Katana” project brings this abstraction to ASP.NET. OWIN decouples the web application from the server, making web applications host-agnostic. For example, you can host an OWIN-based web application in IIS or self-host it in a custom process. For more information about OWIN and Katana, see What's new in OWIN and Katana. Summary Today’s Visual Studio 2013, ASP.NET and Entity Framework release delivers some fantastic new features that streamline your web development lifecycle. These feature span from server framework to data access to tooling to client-side HTML development.  They also integrate some great open-source technology and contributions from our developer community. Download and start using them today! Scott P.S. In addition to blogging, I am also now using Twitter for quick updates and to share links. Follow me at: twitter.com/scottgu

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  • Parallelism in .NET – Part 5, Partitioning of Work

    - by Reed
    When parallelizing any routine, we start by decomposing the problem.  Once the problem is understood, we need to break our work into separate tasks, so each task can be run on a different processing element.  This process is called partitioning. Partitioning our tasks is a challenging feat.  There are opposing forces at work here: too many partitions adds overhead, too few partitions leaves processors idle.  Trying to work the perfect balance between the two extremes is the goal for which we should aim.  Luckily, the Task Parallel Library automatically handles much of this process.  However, there are situations where the default partitioning may not be appropriate, and knowledge of our routines may allow us to guide the framework to making better decisions. First off, I’d like to say that this is a more advanced topic.  It is perfectly acceptable to use the parallel constructs in the framework without considering the partitioning taking place.  The default behavior in the Task Parallel Library is very well-behaved, even for unusual work loads, and should rarely be adjusted.  I have found few situations where the default partitioning behavior in the TPL is not as good or better than my own hand-written partitioning routines, and recommend using the defaults unless there is a strong, measured, and profiled reason to avoid using them.  However, understanding partitioning, and how the TPL partitions your data, helps in understanding the proper usage of the TPL. I indirectly mentioned partitioning while discussing aggregation.  Typically, our systems will have a limited number of Processing Elements (PE), which is the terminology used for hardware capable of processing a stream of instructions.  For example, in a standard Intel i7 system, there are four processor cores, each of which has two potential hardware threads due to Hyperthreading.  This gives us a total of 8 PEs – theoretically, we can have up to eight operations occurring concurrently within our system. In order to fully exploit this power, we need to partition our work into Tasks.  A task is a simple set of instructions that can be run on a PE.  Ideally, we want to have at least one task per PE in the system, since fewer tasks means that some of our processing power will be sitting idle.  A naive implementation would be to just take our data, and partition it with one element in our collection being treated as one task.  When we loop through our collection in parallel, using this approach, we’d just process one item at a time, then reuse that thread to process the next, etc.  There’s a flaw in this approach, however.  It will tend to be slower than necessary, often slower than processing the data serially. The problem is that there is overhead associated with each task.  When we take a simple foreach loop body and implement it using the TPL, we add overhead.  First, we change the body from a simple statement to a delegate, which must be invoked.  In order to invoke the delegate on a separate thread, the delegate gets added to the ThreadPool’s current work queue, and the ThreadPool must pull this off the queue, assign it to a free thread, then execute it.  If our collection had one million elements, the overhead of trying to spawn one million tasks would destroy our performance. The answer, here, is to partition our collection into groups, and have each group of elements treated as a single task.  By adding a partitioning step, we can break our total work into small enough tasks to keep our processors busy, but large enough tasks to avoid overburdening the ThreadPool.  There are two clear, opposing goals here: Always try to keep each processor working, but also try to keep the individual partitions as large as possible. When using Parallel.For, the partitioning is always handled automatically.  At first, partitioning here seems simple.  A naive implementation would merely split the total element count up by the number of PEs in the system, and assign a chunk of data to each processor.  Many hand-written partitioning schemes work in this exactly manner.  This perfectly balanced, static partitioning scheme works very well if the amount of work is constant for each element.  However, this is rarely the case.  Often, the length of time required to process an element grows as we progress through the collection, especially if we’re doing numerical computations.  In this case, the first PEs will finish early, and sit idle waiting on the last chunks to finish.  Sometimes, work can decrease as we progress, since previous computations may be used to speed up later computations.  In this situation, the first chunks will be working far longer than the last chunks.  In order to balance the workload, many implementations create many small chunks, and reuse threads.  This adds overhead, but does provide better load balancing, which in turn improves performance. The Task Parallel Library handles this more elaborately.  Chunks are determined at runtime, and start small.  They grow slowly over time, getting larger and larger.  This tends to lead to a near optimum load balancing, even in odd cases such as increasing or decreasing workloads.  Parallel.ForEach is a bit more complicated, however. When working with a generic IEnumerable<T>, the number of items required for processing is not known in advance, and must be discovered at runtime.  In addition, since we don’t have direct access to each element, the scheduler must enumerate the collection to process it.  Since IEnumerable<T> is not thread safe, it must lock on elements as it enumerates, create temporary collections for each chunk to process, and schedule this out.  By default, it uses a partitioning method similar to the one described above.  We can see this directly by looking at the Visual Partitioning sample shipped by the Task Parallel Library team, and available as part of the Samples for Parallel Programming.  When we run the sample, with four cores and the default, Load Balancing partitioning scheme, we see this: The colored bands represent each processing core.  You can see that, when we started (at the top), we begin with very small bands of color.  As the routine progresses through the Parallel.ForEach, the chunks get larger and larger (seen by larger and larger stripes). Most of the time, this is fantastic behavior, and most likely will out perform any custom written partitioning.  However, if your routine is not scaling well, it may be due to a failure in the default partitioning to handle your specific case.  With prior knowledge about your work, it may be possible to partition data more meaningfully than the default Partitioner. There is the option to use an overload of Parallel.ForEach which takes a Partitioner<T> instance.  The Partitioner<T> class is an abstract class which allows for both static and dynamic partitioning.  By overriding Partitioner<T>.SupportsDynamicPartitions, you can specify whether a dynamic approach is available.  If not, your custom Partitioner<T> subclass would override GetPartitions(int), which returns a list of IEnumerator<T> instances.  These are then used by the Parallel class to split work up amongst processors.  When dynamic partitioning is available, GetDynamicPartitions() is used, which returns an IEnumerable<T> for each partition.  If you do decide to implement your own Partitioner<T>, keep in mind the goals and tradeoffs of different partitioning strategies, and design appropriately. The Samples for Parallel Programming project includes a ChunkPartitioner class in the ParallelExtensionsExtras project.  This provides example code for implementing your own, custom allocation strategies, including a static allocator of a given chunk size.  Although implementing your own Partitioner<T> is possible, as I mentioned above, this is rarely required or useful in practice.  The default behavior of the TPL is very good, often better than any hand written partitioning strategy.

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  • Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Application Management Suite for Oracle E-Business Suite Now Available

    - by chung.wu
    Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Application Management Suite for Oracle E-Business Suite is now available. The management suite combines features that were available in the standalone Application Management Pack for Oracle E-Business Suite and Application Change Management Pack for Oracle E-Business Suite with Oracle's market leading real user monitoring and configuration management capabilities to provide the most complete solution for managing E-Business Suite applications. The features that were available in the standalone management packs are now packaged into Oracle E-Business Suite Plug-in 4.0, which is now fully certified with Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Grid Control. This latest plug-in extends Grid Control with E-Business Suite specific management capabilities and features enhanced change management support. In addition, this latest release of Application Management Suite for Oracle E-Business Suite also includes numerous real user monitoring improvements. General Enhancements This new release of Application Management Suite for Oracle E-Business Suite offers the following key capabilities: Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Grid Control Support: All components of the management suite are certified with Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Grid Control. Built-in Diagnostic Ability: This release has numerous major enhancements that provide the necessary intelligence to determine if the product has been installed and configured correctly. There are diagnostics for Discovery, Cloning, and User Monitoring that will validate if the appropriate patches, privileges, setups, and profile options have been configured. This feature improves the setup and configuration time to be up and operational. Lifecycle Automation Enhancements Application Management Suite for Oracle E-Business Suite provides a centralized view to monitor and orchestrate changes (both functional and technical) across multiple Oracle E-Business Suite systems. In this latest release, it provides even more control and flexibility in managing Oracle E-Business Suite changes.Change Management: Built-in Diagnostic Ability: This latest release has numerous major enhancements that provide the necessary intelligence to determine if the product has been installed and configured correctly. There are diagnostics for Customization Manager, Patch Manager, and Setup Manager that will validate if the appropriate patches, privileges, setups, and profile options have been configured. Enhancing the setup time and configuration time to be up and operational. Customization Manager: Multi-Node Custom Application Registration: This feature automates the process of registering and validating custom products/applications on every node in a multi-node EBS system. Public/Private File Source Mappings and E-Business Suite Mappings: File Source Mappings & E-Business Suite Mappings can be created and marked as public or private. Only the creator/owner can define/edit his/her own mappings. Users can use public mappings, but cannot edit or change settings. Test Checkout Command for Versions: This feature allows you to test/verify checkout commands at the version level within the File Source Mapping page. Prerequisite Patch Validation: You can specify prerequisite patches for Customization packages and for Release 12 Oracle E-Business Suite packages. Destination Path Population: You can now automatically populate the Destination Path for common file types during package construction. OAF File Type Support: Ability to package Oracle Application Framework (OAF) customizations and deploy them across multiple Oracle E-Business Suite instances. Extended PLL Support: Ability to distinguish between different types of PLLs (that is, Report and Forms PLL files). Providing better granularity when managing PLL objects. Enhanced Standard Checker: Provides greater and more comprehensive list of coding standards that are verified during the package build process (for example, File Driver exceptions, Java checks, XML checks, SQL checks, etc.) HTML Package Readme: The package Readme is in HTML format and includes the file listing. Advanced Package Search Capabilities: The ability to utilize more criteria within the advanced search package (that is, Public, Last Updated by, Files Source Mapping, and E-Business Suite Mapping). Enhanced Package Build Notifications: More detailed information on the results of a package build process. Better, more detailed troubleshooting guidance in the event of build failures. Patch Manager:Staged Patches: Ability to run Patch Manager with no external internet access. Customer can download Oracle E-Business Suite patches into a shared location for Patch Manager to access and apply. Supports highly secured production environments that prohibit external internet connections. Support for Superseded Patches: Automatic check for superseded patches. Allows users to easily add superseded patches into the Patch Run. More comprehensive and correct Patch Runs. Removes many manual and laborious tasks, frees up Apps DBAs for higher value-added tasks. Automatic Primary Node Identification: Users can now specify which is the "primary node" (that is, which node hosts the Shared APPL_TOP) during the Patch Run interview process, available for Release 12 only. Setup Manager:Preview Extract Results: Ability to execute an extract in "proof mode", and examine the query results, to determine accuracy. Used in conjunction with the "where" clause in Advanced Filtering. This feature can provide better and more accurate fine tuning of extracts. Use Uploaded Extracts in New Projects: Ability to incorporate uploaded extracts in new projects via new LOV fields in package construction. Leverages the Setup Manager repository to access extracts that have been uploaded. Allows customer to reuse uploaded extracts to provision new instances. Re-use Existing (that is, historical) Extracts in New Projects: Ability to incorporate existing extracts in new projects via new LOV fields in package construction. Leverages the Setup Manager repository to access point-in-time extracts (snapshots) of configuration data. Allows customer to reuse existing extracts to provision new instances. Allows comparative historical reporting of identical APIs, executed at different times. Support for BR100 formats: Setup Manager can now automatically produce reports in the BR100 format. Native support for industry standard formats. Concurrent Manager API Support: General Foundation now provides an API for management of "Concurrent Manager" configuration data. Ability to migrate Concurrent Managers from one instance to another. Complete the setup once and never again; no need to redefine the Concurrent Managers. User Experience Management Enhancements Application Management Suite for Oracle E-Business Suite includes comprehensive capabilities for user experience management, supporting both real user and synthetic transaction based user monitoring techniques. This latest release of the management suite include numerous improvements in real user monitoring support. KPI Reporting: Configurable decimal precision for reporting of KPI and SLA values. By default, this is two decimal places. KPI numerator and denominator information. It is now possible to view KPI numerator and denominator information, and to have it available for export. Content Messages Processing: The application content message facility has been extended to distinguish between notifications and errors. In addition, it is now possible to specify matching rules that can be used to refine a selected content message specification. Note this is only available for XPath-based (not literal) message contents. Data Export: The Enriched data export facility has been significantly enhanced to provide improved performance and accessibility. Data is no longer stored within XML-based files, but is now stored within the Reporter database. However, it is possible to configure an alternative database for its storage. Access to the export data is through SQL. With this enhancement, it is now more easy than ever to use tools such as Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition to analyze correlated data collected from real user monitoring and business data sources. SNMP Traps for System Events: Previously, the SNMP notification facility was only available for KPI alerting. It has now been extended to support the generation of SNMP traps for system events, to provide external health monitoring of the RUEI system processes. Performance Improvements: Enhanced dashboard performance. The dashboard facility has been enhanced to support the parallel loading of items. In the case of dashboards containing large numbers of items, this can result in a significant performance improvement. Initial period selection within Data Browser and reports. The User Preferences facility has been extended to allow you to specify the initial period selection when first entering the Data Browser or reports facility. The default is the last hour. Performance improvement when querying the all sessions group. Technical Prerequisites, Download and Installation Instructions The Linux version of the plug-in is available for immediate download from Oracle Technology Network or Oracle eDelivery. For specific information regarding technical prerequisites, product download and installation, please refer to My Oracle Support note 1224313.1. The following certifications are in progress: * Oracle Solaris on SPARC (64-bit) (9, 10) * HP-UX Itanium (11.23, 11.31) * HP-UX PA-RISC (64-bit) (11.23, 11.31) * IBM AIX on Power Systems (64-bit) (5.3, 6.1)

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  • Install Ubuntu Netbook Edition with Wubi Installer

    - by Matthew Guay
    Ubuntu is one of the most popular versions of Linux, and their Netbook Remix edition is especially attractive for netbook owners.  Here we’ll look at how you can easily try out Ubuntu on your netbook without a CD/DVD drive. Netbooks, along with the growing number of thin, full powered laptops, lack a CD/DVD drive.  Installing software isn’t much of a problem since most programs, whether free or for-pay, are available for download.  Operating systems, however, are usually installed from a disk.  You can easily install Windows 7 from a flash drive with our tutorial, but installing Ubuntu from a USB flash drive is more complicated.  However, using Wubi, a Windows installer for Ubuntu, you can easily install it directly on your netbook and even uninstall it with only a few clicks. Getting Started Download and run the Wubi installer for Ubuntu (link below).  In the installer, select the drive you where you wish to install Ubuntu, the size of the installation (this is the amount dedicated to Ubuntu; under 20Gb should be fine), language, username, and desired password.  Also, from the Desktop environment menu, select Ubuntu Netbook to install the netbook edition.  Click Install when your settings are correct. Wubi will automatically download the selected version of Ubuntu and install it on your computer. Windows Firewall may ask if you want to unblock Wubi; select your network and click Allow access. The download will take around an hour on broadband, depending on your internet connection speed.  Once the download is completed, it will automatically install to your computer.  If you’d prefer to have everything downloaded before you start the install, download the ISO of Ubuntu Netbook edition (link below) and save it in the same folder as Wubi. Then, when you run Wubi, select the netbook edition as before and click Install.  Wubi will verify that your download is valid, and will then proceed to install from the downloaded ISO.  This install will only take about 10 minutes. Once the install is finished you will be asked to reboot your computer.  Save anything else you’re working on, and then reboot to finish setting up Ubuntu on your netbook. When your computer reboots, select Ubuntu at the boot screen.  Wubi leaves the default OS as Windows 7, so if you don’t select anything it will boot into Windows 7 after a few seconds. Ubuntu will automatically finish the install when you boot into it the first time.  This took about 12 minutes in our test. When the setup is finished, your netbook will reboot one more time.  Remember again to select Ubuntu at the boot screen.  You’ll then see a second boot screen; press your Enter key to select the default.   Ubuntu only took less than a minute to boot in our test.  When you see the login screen, select your name and enter your password you setup in Wubi.  Now you’re ready to start exploring Ubuntu Netbook Remix. Using Ubuntu Netbook Remix Ubuntu Netbook Remix offers a simple, full-screen interface to take the best advantage of netbooks’ small screens.  Pre-installed applications are displayed in the application launcher, and are organized by category.  Click once to open an application. The first screen on the application launcher shows your favorite programs.  If you’d like to add another application to the favorites pane, click the plus sign beside its icon. Your files from Windows are still accessible from Ubuntu Netbook Remix.  From the home screen, select Files & Folders on the left menu, and then click the icon that says something like 100GB Filesystem under the Volumes section. Now you’ll be able to see all of your files from Windows.  Your user files such as documents, music, and pictures should be located in Documents and Settings in a folder with your user name. You can also easily install a variety of free applications via the Software Installer. Connecting to the internet is also easy, as Ubuntu Netbook Remix automatically recognized the WiFi adaptor on our test netbook, a Samsung N150.  To connect to a wireless network, click the wireless icon on the top right of the screen and select the network’s name from the list. And, if you’d like to customize your screen, right-click on the application launcher and select Change desktop background. Choose a background picture you’d like. Now you’ll see it through your application launcher.  Nice! Most applications are opened full-screen.  You can close them by clicking the x on the right of the program’s name. You can also switch to other applications from their icons on the top left.  Open the home screen by clicking the Ubuntu logo in the far left. Changing Boot Options By default, Wubi will leave Windows as the default operating system, and will give you 10 seconds at boot to choose to boot into Ubuntu.  To change this, boot into Windows and enter Advanced system settings in your start menu search. In this dialog, click Settings under Startup and Recovery. From this dialog, you can select the default operating system and the time to display list of operating systems.  You can enter a lower number to make the boot screen appear for less time. And if you’d rather make Ubuntu the default operating system, select it from the drop-down list.   Uninstalling Ubuntu Netbook Remix If you decide you don’t want to keep Ubuntu Netbook Remix on your computer, you can uninstall it just like you uninstall any normal application.  Boot your computer into Windows, open Control Panel, click Uninstall a Program, and enter ubuntu in the search box.  Select it, and click Uninstall. Click Uninstall at the prompt.  Ubuntu uninstalls very quickly, and removes the entry from the bootloader as well, so your computer is just like it was before you installed it.   Conclusion Ubuntu Netbook Remix offers an attractive Linux interface for netbooks.  We enjoyed trying it out, and found it much more user-friendly than most Linux distros.  And with the Wubi installer, you can install it risk-free and try it out on your netbook.  Or, if you’d like to try out another alternate netbook operating system, check out our article on Jolicloud, another new OS for netbooks. 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