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• Undertanding .bashrc and .bash_profile

  - by Blankman

  On a server when I login as root I see .bashrc (ubuntu 10.10). On my Mac I have a .bash_profile, does ubuntu always have only a .bashrc file and not .bash_profile? (just confused so asking, I realize they are different o/s's but maybe there is a relationship somehow?) On my server, I want to create an alias, should I put it in .bashrc? What if I want this alias to be applied so all users can use it?

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• How to check the process is already running or not

  - by TechGuru

  I want to check the particular process in already running or not. I refereed this Q&A. But I didn't get any specific solution. Following is the example that I tried: I have created abc.sh file and run this script on background, like sh abc.sh &. Now this file is running on background and I fire the ps aux | grep "abc" command. Following is the output of this command: prakash 3594 0.0 0.0 4388 820 pts/0 S+ 16:44 0:00 grep --color=auto abc After that I stop the abc.sh running script and fire the same command ps aux | grep "abc" command. But I am getting same output like: prakash 3594 0.0 0.0 4388 820 pts/0 S+ 16:44 0:00 grep --color=auto abc Is there any other way to find the process is running or not?

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• Learning the command line [duplicate]

  - by Billy

  This question already has an answer here: What is the best way to learn how to use Ubuntu with terminal? 3 answers This isn't really a technical question but I am curious as to how long it takes to learn the linux command line. I would like to learn how to be able to do as much as possible easily from the command line. I just bought a book, linux command line and shell scripting bible. I know that this book will be of great help, but i just have no clue how long it will be before i can successfully naviagte the terminal with ease. If you could post and let me know about your experience with the terminal, and the learning process, that would be greatly appreciated. Thank you in advance.

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• Recursively rename files - oneliner preferably

  - by zetah

  I found this answer how do i... but it simply doesn't work - it did not rename any file for unknown to me reason Before I started to search around I thought that it should be easy task even for novice penguin, but it doesn't seem so for me. For example, I simply can't tell ls to list all *.txt in all subfolders, which was surprise to me (without grep or similar). Then I found find and find . -name name_1.txt lists files fine, but for f in $(find . -name name_1.txt) ; do echo "$f" ; done splits whole file paths with space as separator, so it's unusable to pass that output to some command like mv or rename I want to ask whats wrong with above command and if possible some nifty oneliner so I can recursively rename name_1.txt to name_2.txt

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• How to find history of shell commands since machine was created?

  - by Edward Tanguay

  I created an Ubuntu virtualbox machine a couple weeks ago and have been working on projects off and on in it since then. Now I would like to find the syntax of some commands I typed in the terminal a week ago, but I have opened and closed the terminal window and restarted the machine numerous times. How can I get the history command to go back to the first command I typed after I created the machine, or is there another place that all the commands are stored in Ubuntu?

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• Function inside .profile results in no log-in

  - by bioShark

  I've created a custom function in my .profile, and I've added right at the bottom, after my custom aliases : # custom functions function eclipse-gtk { cd ~/development/eclipse-juno ./eclipse_wb.sh & cd - } The function starts a custom version of my eclipse. After I've added it, because I didn't wanted to log-out/log-in, I've reloaded my profile with the command: . ~/.profile and then I've tested my function by calling eclipse-gtk and it worked without any issue. Today when I booted, I couldn't log in. After providing my password, in a few seconds I was back at the log-in screen. Dropping to command line using CTR + ALT + F1, I've commented out the function in my .profile and the log-in was possible without any issue. My question is, what did I do wrong when I wrote the function? And if there is something wrong, why did it work yesterday after reloading the profile. Thanks in advance. Using: Ubuntu 12.04

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• How do I cancel a time-delayed screenshot?

  - by coversnail

  I'm using the default screenshot application that comes with Ubuntu gnome-screenshot When I was using it earlier to take screenshots of the lock screen I had set a long time delay, but forgot to change it back after I'd finished. When I next took a timed screenshot I had to wait a long time for it to take because the delay was still set so long. Clicking the icon to relaunch the screenshot application has no effect whilst the timer is in effect, I imagine there is probably a simple terminal command to shut down an application, but I don't know it! Is there a way to do this?

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• gnome-terminal and logging

  - by UAdapter

  Is there any way to log every that was displayed in gnome-terminal? for example I have a complex command doSomethingThatPrintoutsAlot ; doSomethingThatPrintoutsAlot2 ; doSomethingThatPrintoutsAlot3 I can add > file, but than I would have to do it for each command and I have to use tail in another console to see the output. maybe gnome-terminal support logging everything? there is .bash_history, so .... it might also support this.

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• Add "not" to if statement in shell script

  - by John Crawford

  I have the following script that should exist if the user does not exist. #check if user currently exists on system if id $User > /dev/null 2>&1 then #user exists no need to exit program echo "blah blah, what a waste of space" else echo "This user does NOT exists. Please create that user before using this script.\n" exit fi My problem is that I would ideally like to place a "not" if that first if statement so that I can trim down my if, else statement. Ideally I would like something like this: if !(id $User > /dev/null 2>&1) then echo "This user does NOT exists. Please create that user before using this script.\n" exit fi

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• How do I sort by human readable sizes numerically?

  - by UAdapter

  for example I have command that shows how much space folder takes du folder | sort -n it works great, however I would like to have human readable form du -h folder however if I do that than I cannot sort it as numeric. How to join du folder and du -h folder to see output sorted as du folder, but with first column from du -h folder P.S. this is just an example. this technique might be very useful for me (if its possible)

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• Find the latest file by modified date

  - by Rich

  If I want to find the latest file (mtime) in a (big) directory containing subdirectories, how would I do it? Lots of posts I've found suggest some variation of ls -lt | head (amusingly, many suggest ls -ltr | tail which is the same but less efficient) which is fine unless you have subdirectories (I do). Then again, you could find . -type f -exec ls -lt \{\} \+ | head which will definitely do the trick for as many files as can be specified by one command, i.e. if you have a big directory, -exec...\+ will issue separate commands; therefore each group will be sorted by ls within itself but not over the total set; the head will therefore pick up the lastest entry of the first batch. Any answers?

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• using grep with pipe and ampersand to filter errors from find

  - by HKK

  I am using cygwin to find a file on the cygdrive. However I need to suppress the permission denied messages (otherwise the results get hidden in the error messages). The following command works: find -name 'myfile.*' |& grep -v "Permission denied" I don't understand why the ampersand needs to be put into this command, would have expected this to work but it doesn't. find -name 'myfile.*' | grep -v "Permission denied" Please explain the meaning of the ampersand.

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• What does ENDOFMENU do?

  - by Raymond

  I have been given an example program, I am wondering what exactly the <<ENDOFMENU and ENDOFMENU does, won't it work the same if you leave it out and just use the while loop? #!/bin/sh echo "Menu test program..."; stop=0; while test $stop -eq 0; do cat<<ENDOFMENU 1: print the date 2,3 : print the current working directory 4: exit ENDOFMENU echo; echo -e "your choice?\c" read reply echo case $reply in "1") date ;; "2"|"3") pwd ;; "4") stop=1 ;; *) echo illegal choice esac done

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• Grep through subdirectories

  - by Kathryn

  Add a string to a text file from terminal I've been looking at this thread. The solution (number 2, with ls | grep) works perfectly for files called .txt in the current directory. How about if I wanted to search through a directory and the subdirectories therein? For example, I have to search through a directory that has many subdirectories, and they have many subdirectories etc. I'm new to Linux sorry, so I'm not sure if this is the right place

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• Repercussions to sharing .bashrc across machines with Dropbox?

  - by Alan Peabody

  I work on a lot of different machines, all running Ubuntu (not always the same version). I have some really basic customizations to my prompt I would like to have available on all machines. I currently use Dropbox and store all my other "dot files" there, such as my .vim/ .vimrc .gitconfig .ackrc. I then just link them to my home folder from my Dropbox folder. Voilà, all machines in sync. I am unsure what the repercussions of doing something like this with my bashrc is. Can any one offer suggestions? Maybe an easy way to load a separate file in the bashrc?

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• how to dbkg-preconfigure login manager

  - by Josh

  I've written a script that installs several desktops with a menu loop. I have also redirecteed the output to /dev/null, Now every Time when it comes to dpk login manager selection the script doesn't continue. What could I du to preconfigure the login mangager that should be choosen. How do the lines for dpkg preconfigure look for lightdm gdm Kdm mdm debconf-set-selections <<< ' ' would be grate, too. Thank you folks!

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• Environmental Variable for current domain

  - by Krzysztof Goszka

  I'm using Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Desktop edition I want to use environmental variable for currently joined domain just like i use $USER to bring current user. From what i read there are few variables for that but none seem to work for me. I also cannot see those variables as active when i type env command. I would appreciate a solution on how to enable that variable or how to make my own variable by pulling current domain name from the system somehow.

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• Terminal exits program before able to accept Hashcat EULA

  - by Fluffaduff

  I'm trying to play around with hashcat,just using the examples included with the program, but before the command can run it requires me to accept the EULA. Instead of me being able to enter 'YES', the terminal appears to end the process immediately. Whenever I try to accept the EULA I get the expected 'YES: Command not found.' I don't think I'm using the command wrong, but I also don't know whats happening. http://i.imgur.com/ClloeK6.png

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• How to detect image dimensions and run commands on them?

  - by Jon

  I have a directory full of images, some of which are portrait-sized instead of landscape-sized, and I want to open the portrait-sized ones with an image editor. I can run the imagemagick command identify and I get an output like something.jpg JPEG 1920x1255 1920x1255+0+0 8-bit DirectClass 159KB 0.000u 0:00.000. How can I have a script interpret this output, i.e. decide which is bigger, the 1920 or the 1255, and then run a command on it if it is?

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• How to grep 2 or 3 lines, one containing the text I want, and the others just below it?

  - by Kaustubh P

  This is a snapshot of error log: 06:16:29,933 ERROR EmailRMManager$:45 - Exception In get Message com.rabbitmq.client.AlreadyClosedException: clean connection shutdown; reason: Attempt to use closed channel at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.AMQChannel.ensureIsOpen(AMQChannel.java:195) at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.AMQChannel.rpc(AMQChannel.java:222) at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.AMQChannel.rpc(AMQChannel.java:208) at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.AMQChannel.exnWrappingRpc(AMQChannel.java:139) at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.ChannelN.basicGet(ChannelN.java:645) I do the following command: cat foo.log | grep ERROR to get an OP as: 06:16:29,933 ERROR EmailRMManager$:45 - Exception In get Message What command should I execute to get the output as 06:16:29,933 ERROR EmailRMManager$:45 - Exception In get Message com.rabbitmq.client.AlreadyClosedException: clean connection shutdown; reason: Attempt to use closed channel ie, also grep the line(s) after the pattern?

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• download file from web source, selectively

  - by KILL3RTACO

  If anyone has heard of Bukkit, you know that their files are usually of three types: Development, Beta, and Realease. Click (here) for examples. I need a script that: Loops through the directory Gets the latest Stable version (probably just as simple as looking at the version number as they have a simple naming convention, each stable version is succeeded by -Rx.0, while developmental and beta versions are succeeded by -Rx.x) After that I know I'll need to use wget to download the file. Note: If your just going to post code, at least tell me what it does so I can use it later if I need to

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• Preventing Users/Groups from accessing certain Domains

  - by ncphillips

  I have created a Study account which I use when doing anything school related work. It's purpose is to remove the distractions of my normal account, such as social media and news websites. I know /etc/hosts can be edited to block certain domains from being accessed, but this is for all Users, and I don't want to have to switch in and out of Admin to change it every time I want to focus. Is there any way to block these domains for specific Users or Groups?

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• find grep pipe and ampersand

  - by HKK

  I am using cygwin to find a file on the cygdrive. However I need to suppress the permission denied messages (otherwise the results get hidden in the error messages). The following command works: find -name 'myfile.*' |& grep -v "Permission denied" I don't understand why the ampersand needs to be put into this command, would have expected this to work but it doesn't. find -name 'myfile.*' | grep -v "Permission denied" Please explain the meaning of the ampersand.

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• Effective handling of variables in non-object oriented programming

  - by srnka

  What is the best method to use and share variables between functions in non object-oriented program languages? Let's say that I use 10 parameters from DB, ID and 9 other values linked to it. I need to work with all 10 parameters in many functions. I can do it next ways: 1. call functions only with using ID and in every function get the other parameters from DB. Advantage: local variables are clear visible, there is only one input parameter to function Disadvantage: it's slow and there are the same rows for getting parameters in every function, which makes function longer and not so clear 2. call functions with all 10 parameters Advantage: working with local variables, clear function code Disadvantage: many input parameters, what is not nice 3. getting parameters as global variables once and using them everywhere Advantage - clearer code, shorter functions, faster processing Disadvantage - global variables - loosing control of them, possibility of unwanted overwriting (Especially when some functions should change their values) Maybe there is some another way how to implement this and make program cleaner and more effective. Can you say which way is the best for solving this issue?

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• How to save terminal history manually?

  - by wim

  It's my understanding that the history file is updated when the terminal exits. But sometimes my computer crashes out, and the terminal doesn't exit cleanly, and then I lose those commands from my history which is annoying. How can I make it flush immediately, so that the entries still go there even if my computer has a meltdown? At the moment I'm using this workaround, but I feel there should be a better way. I'm using gnome-terminal on Ubuntu 12.10.

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