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• Swiss Re increases data warehouse performance and deploys in record time

  - by KLaker

  Great information on yet another data warehouse deployment on Exadata. A little background on Swiss Re: In 2002, Swiss Re established a data warehouse for its client markets and products to gather reinsurance information across all organizational units into an integrated structure. The data warehouse provided the basis for reporting at the group level with drill-down capability to individual contracts, while facilitating application integration and data exchange by using common data standards. Initially focusing on property and casualty reinsurance information only, it now includes life and health reinsurance, insurance, and nonlife insurance information. Key highlights of the benefits that Swiss Re achieved by using Exadata: Reduced the time to feed the data warehouse and generate data marts by 58% Reduced average runtime by 24% for standard reports comfortably loading two data warehouse refreshes per day with incremental feeds Freed up technical experts by significantly minimizing time spent on tuning activities Most importantly this was one of the fastest project deployments in Swiss Re's history. They went from installation to production in just four months! What is truly surprising is the that it only took two weeks between power-on to testing the machine with full data volumes! Business teams at Swiss Re are now able to fully exploit up-to-date analytics across property, casualty, life, health insurance, and reinsurance lines to identify successful products. These points are highlighted in the following quotes from Dr. Stephan Gutzwiller, Head of Data Warehouse Services at Swiss Re:  "We were operating a complete Oracle stack, including servers, storage area network, operating systems, and databases that was well optimized and delivered very good performance over an extended period of time. When a hardware replacement was scheduled for 2012, Oracle Exadata was a natural choice—and the performance increase was impressive. It enabled us to deliver analytics to our internal customers faster, without hiring more IT staff" “The high quality data that is readily available with Oracle Exadata gives us the insight and agility we need to cater to client needs. We also can continue re-engineering to keep up with the increasing demand without having to grow the organization. This combination creates excellent business value.” Our full press release is available here: http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/customers/customersearch/swiss-re-1-exadata-ss-2050409.html. If you want more information about how Exadata can increase the performance of your data warehouse visit our home page: http://www.oracle.com/us/products/database/exadata-database-machine/overview/index.html

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• 2D Animation Smoothness - Delta time vs. Kinematics

  - by viperld002

  I'm animating a sprite in 2D with key frames of rotation and xy-positions. I've recently had a discussion with someone saying that when the device (happens to be an iPad using cocos2D) hits a performance bump due to whatever else the user may be doing, lag will arise and that the best way to fight it is to not use actual positions, but velocities, accelerations and torques with kinematics. His message is to evaluate the positions and rotations from these speeds at the current point in time. I've never experienced a situation where I've heard of using kinematics to stem lag in 2D animations and am not sure of how effective it could be. Also, it seems to be overkill. The application is not networked so it's all running on a local device. The desired effect is that the animation always plays as closely as it can to the target frame rate. Wouldn't the technique suffer the same problems as just using the time since the last frame or a fixed time step since the kinematics would also require some time value to perform the calculation? What techniques could you suggest to best achieve the desired effect? EDIT 1 Thank you for your responses, they are very illuminating. I want to clarify my question before choosing an answer however, to make sure that this post really serves it's purpose. I have a sprite of a ball, and a text file with 3 arrays worth of information (rotation,translations x, translations y) with each unit of information existing as a key frame to be stepped through (0 to 49 and back to 0 to replay it again). I have this playing by interpolating from the current key frame to the next, every n-units of time. The animation is visibly correct when compared to a video I was given of it, and it is smooth because of the interpolations between the key frames. This is the existing state of the project. There are no physics simulated, only a static animation of a ball moving in a way an artist specifically designed. Should I, instead of rotation in degrees and translations by positions in space, derive velocities, accelerations and torques to express this static animation as a function of time? As in, position now = foo(time now), where foo uses kinematics.

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• Issues with LVM partition size in Server 13.04

  - by Michael

  I am new to ubuntu and a little confused about how hard drive partitions and LVM works. I remember setting up Ubuntu server 13.04 and telling to to use 1TB of a 3TB server. Well I have maxed that out with blu-ray rips and want the rest of the drive for space. On log-in it says: System load: 2.24 Processes: 179 Usage of /: 88.7% of 912.89GB Users logged in: 0 Memory usage: 6% IP address for p5p1: 192.168.0.100 Swap usage: 0% => / is using 88.7% of 912.89GB lvdisplay outputs: --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/DeathStar-vg/root LV Name root VG Name DeathStar-vg LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time DeathStar, 2013-05-18 22:21:11 -0400 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 2.70 TiB Current LE 707789 Segments 2 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 252:0 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/DeathStar-vg/swap_1 LV Name swap_1 VG Name DeathStar-vg LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time DeathStar, 2013-05-18 22:21:11 -0400 LV Status available # open 2 LV Size 3.75 GiB Current LE 959 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 252:1 vgdisplay outputs: VG Name DeathStar-vg System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 4 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 2.73 TiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 715335 Alloc PE / Size 708748 / 2.70 TiB Free PE / Size 6587 / 25.73 GiB df outputs: Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/DeathStar--vg-root 957238932 848972636 59634696 94% / none 4 0 4 0% /sys/fs/cgroup udev 1864716 4 1864712 1% /dev tmpfs 374968 1060 373908 1% /run none 5120 4 5116 1% /run/lock none 1874824 148 1874676 1% /run/shm none 102400 24 102376 1% /run/user /dev/sda2 234153 56477 165184 26% /boot And fdisk /dev/sda -l outputs: Disk /dev/sda: 3000.6 GB, 3000592982016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 364801 cylinders, total 5860533168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 4294967295 2147483647+ ee GPT Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. I just don't know what to make of all this and am not sure how I can make it use all 2.73TBs. Thanks in advance for any help. EDIT-- Yes I did make changes to the LVM Config, but it didnt do anything. As requested, output of parted -l /dev/sda Model: ATA WDC WD30EFRX-68A (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 3001GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 2097kB 1049kB bios_grub 2 2097kB 258MB 256MB ext2 3 258MB 3001GB 3000GB lvm Model: ATA WDC WD30EFRX-68A (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 3001GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm) Disk /dev/mapper/DeathStar--vg-swap_1: 4022MB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: loop Number Start End Size File system Flags 1 0.00B 4022MB 4022MB linux-swap(v1) Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm) Disk /dev/mapper/DeathStar--vg-root: 2969GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: loop Number Start End Size File system Flags 1 0.00B 2969GB 2969GB ext4

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• How should I structure my turn based engine to allow flexibility for players/AI and observation?

  - by Reefpirate

  I've just started making a Turn Based Strategy engine in GameMaker's GML language... And I was cruising along nicely until it came time to handle the turn cycle, and determining who is controlling what player, and also how to handle the camera and what is displayed on screen. Here's an outline of the main switch happening in my main game loop at the moment: switch (GameState) { case BEGIN_TURN: // Start of turn operations/routines break; case MID_TURN: switch (PControlledBy[Turn]) { case HUMAN: switch (MidTurnState) { case MT_SELECT: // No units selected, 'idle' UI state break; case MT_MOVE: // Unit selected and attempting to move break; case MT_ATTACK: break; } break; case COMPUTER: // AI ROUTINES GO HERE break; case OBSERVER: // OBSERVER ROUTINES GO HERE break; } break; case END_TURN: // End of turn routines/operations, and move Turn to next player break; } Now, I can see a couple of problems with this set-up already... But I don't have any idea how to go about making it 'right'. Turn is a global variable that stores which player's turn it is, and the BEGIN_TURN and END_TURN states make perfect sense to me... But the MID_TURN state is baffling me because of the things I want to happen here: If there are players controlled by humans, I want the AI to do it's thing on its turn here, but I want to be able to have the camera follow the AI as it makes moves in the human player's vision. If there are no human controlled player's, I'd like to be able to watch two or more AI's battle it out on the map with god-like 'observer' vision. So basically I'm wondering if there are any resources for how to structure a Turn Based Strategy engine? I've found lots of writing about pathfinding and AI, and those are all great... But when it comes to handling the turn structure and the game states I am having trouble finding any resources at all. How should the states be divided to allow flexibility between the players and the controllers (HUMAN, COMPUTER, OBSERVER)? Also, maybe if I'm on the right track I just need some reassurance before I lay down another few hundred lines of code...

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• Pixels - A cry for some insight

  - by CarrotFile

  I'm pretty new to web developing and I'd love some clarification. Although reading more than one book on the topic, I cannot seem to wrap my head around the pixel concept. I encounter problems with this issue when trying to use CSS and pixel units for design that fits different screen sizes. To my understanding a pixel is the most basic unit used by a monitor in order to compose an image on the screen. So if me resolution is 800 by 600, everything on my screen is rendered using those 800*600 basic building blocks. If I were to enlarge my screen resolution, 3 things would accrue: A. The basic image building block(the pixel) would shrink in size B. The pixels would move close together C. Well, more pixels would now be available All these combined lead to a sharper(depending on the viewing distance) and more detail enabling image. Well so far so good. Here is were I start getting lost: To my knowledge a pixel is not a physical, real object. Monitors are not embedded with a few thousand pixels. I am drawn to this conclusion because anyone can change his screen's resolution, making a pixel on his screen bigger or smaller, and adding or subtracting the amount of total pixels on screen. Adding to that, I have herd that different monitors have different pixel densities. For example Apple's retina monitors. Taking all of the above as my knowledge base, These are my questions: If a pixel has no real world constant size, what does comparing different pixel densities matter? Each screen company can define it's own pixel concept and declare the higher density. What does a bigger pixel density mean? Say we take two screens with the same physical dimensions, but with a different pixel density, am I to assert that the main difference would be the larger density screen being able to display a higher max resolution? Or am I to assert that given the same resolution on both monitors, the higher density one would display a sharper, smaller image? If a pixel is not a fixed size within one monitor, is it a fixed size between the same resolution on two different monitors? For example, would two different monitors, set to the same resolution, be comprised of same size, same quantity pixels? I'd love some help (:

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• Separate Action from Assertion in Unit Tests

  - by DigitalMoss

  Setup Many years ago I took to a style of unit testing that I have come to like a lot. In short, it uses a base class to separate out the Arrangement, Action and Assertion of the test into separate method calls. You do this by defining method calls in [Setup]/[TestInitialize] that will be called before each test run. [Setup] public void Setup() { before_each(); //arrangement because(); //action } This base class usually includes the [TearDown] call as well for when you are using this setup for Integration tests. [TearDown] public void Cleanup() { after_each(); } This often breaks out into a structure where the test classes inherit from a series of Given classes that put together the setup (i.e. GivenFoo : GivenBar : WhenDoingBazz) with the Assertions being one line tests with a descriptive name of what they are covering [Test] public void ThenBuzzSouldBeTrue() { Assert.IsTrue(result.Buzz); } The Problem There are very few tests that wrap around a single action so you end up with lots of classes so recently I have taken to defining the action in a series of methods within the test class itself: [Test] public void ThenBuzzSouldBeTrue() { because_an_action_was_taken(); Assert.IsTrue(result.Buzz); } private void because_an_action_was_taken() { //perform action here } This results in several "action" methods within the test class but allows grouping of similar tests (i.e. class == WhenTestingDifferentWaysToSetBuzz) The Question Does someone else have a better way of separating out the three 'A's of testing? Readability of tests is important to me so I would prefer that, when a test fails, that the very naming structure of the tests communicate what has failed. If someone can read the Inheritance structure of the tests and have a good idea why the test might be failing then I feel it adds a lot of value to the tests (i.e. GivenClient : GivenUser : WhenModifyingUserPermissions : ThenReadAccessShouldBeTrue). I am aware of Acceptance Testing but this is more on a Unit (or series of units) level with boundary layers mocked. EDIT : My question is asking if there is an event or other method for executing a block of code before individual tests (something that could be applied to specific sets of tests without it being applied to all tests within a class like [Setup] currently does. Barring the existence of this event, which I am fairly certain doesn't exist, is there another method for accomplishing the same thing? Using [Setup] for every case presents a problem either way you go. Something like [Action("Category")] (a setup method that applied to specific tests within the class) would be nice but I can't find any way of doing this.

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• Open GL polygons not displaying

  - by Darestium

  I have tried to follow nehe's opengl tutorial lesson 2. I use sfml for my window creation. The problem I have is that both the triangle and the quad don't show up on the screen: #include <SFML/System.hpp> #include <SFML/Window.hpp> #include <iostream> void processEvents(sf::Window *app); void processInput(sf::Window *app, const sf::Input &input); void renderCube(sf::Window *app, sf::Clock *clock); void renderGlScene(sf::Window *app); void init(); int main() { sf::Window app(sf::VideoMode(800, 600, 32), "Nehe Lesson 2"); app.UseVerticalSync(false); init(); while (app.IsOpened()) { processEvents(&app); renderGlScene(&app); app.Display(); } return EXIT_SUCCESS; } void init() { glClearDepth(1.f); glClearColor(0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f); // Enable z-buffer and read and write glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glDepthMask(GL_TRUE); // Setup a perpective projection glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(45.f, 1.f, 1.f, 500.f); glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); } void processEvents(sf::Window *app) { sf::Event event; while (app->GetEvent(event)) { if (event.Type == sf::Event::Closed) { app->Close(); } if (event.Type == sf::Event::KeyPressed && event.Key.Code == sf::Key::Escape) { app->Close(); } } } void renderGlScene(sf::Window *app) { app->SetActive(); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); // Clear the screen and the depth buffer glLoadIdentity(); // Reset the view glTranslatef(-1.5f, 0.0f, -6.0f); // Move Left 1.5 units and into the screen 6.0 glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES); glVertex3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // Top glVertex3f(-1.0,-1.0f, 0.0f); // Bottom Left glVertex3f( 1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f); // Bottom Right glEnd(); glTranslatef(3.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glBegin(GL_QUADS); // Draw a quad glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f); glEnd(); } I would greatly appreciate it if someone could help me resolve my issue.

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• Why can't Ubuntu find an ext3 filesystem on my hard-drive?

  - by urig

  This question is related to this question: Not enough components to start the RAID array? I'm trying to retrieve data from a "Western Digital MyBook World Edition (white light)" NAS device. This is basically an embedded Linux box with a 1TB HDD in it formatted in ext3. It stopped booting one day for no apparent reason. I have extracted the HDD from the NAS device and installed it in a desktop machine running Ubuntu 10.10 in the hope of accessing the files on the drive. I have followed instructions in this forum post, intended to mount the drive through Terminal: http://mybookworld.wikidot.com/forum/t-90514/how-to-recover-data-from-wd-my-book-world-edition-nas-device#post-976452 I have identified the partition that I want to mount and recover files from as /dev/sd4 by running "fdisk -l" and getting this: Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0001cf00 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 5 248 1959930 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb2 249 280 257040 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb3 281 403 987997+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb4 404 121601 973522935 fd Linux raid autodetect// When I try to mount using: "mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb4 /media/xyz" I get the following error: mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb4, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so And "dmesg | tail" shows me: [ 15.184757] [drm] Initialized nouveau 0.0.16 20090420 for 0000:01:00.0 on minor 0 [ 15.986859] [drm] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: Allocating FIFO number 1 [ 15.988379] [drm] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: nouveau_channel_alloc: initialised FIFO 1 [ 16.353379] EXT4-fs (sda5): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro,commit=0 [ 16.705944] tg3 0000:02:00.0: eth0: Link is up at 100 Mbps, full duplex [ 16.705951] tg3 0000:02:00.0: eth0: Flow control is off for TX and off for RX [ 16.706102] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready [ 19.125673] EXT4-fs (sda5): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro,commit=0 [ 27.600012] eth0: no IPv6 routers present [ 373.478031] EXT3-fs (sdb4): error: can't find ext3 filesystem on dev sdb4. I guess that last line is the punch line :) Why can't it find the ext3 filesystem on my drive? What do I need to do to mount this partition and copy its contents? Does it have anything to do with the drive being part of a RAID Array (see question mentioned above)? Many thanks to any who can help.

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• 'Unable to mount Filesystem' Error

  - by Charles

  Trying to extract data from a 'bricked' Western Digital MyBook Live 2tb drive. I came across a forum that advised to use Ubuntu (booted from a CD) on my Macbook. Managed to download and create a boot CD for Ubuntu (like this little operating system btw). Booted the machine with the CD and plugged the drive (which I had extracted from it's casing and placed into a external USB SATA case & plugged to the laptop). The drive is seen by Ubuntu but each time I click on the drive, it gives me the following error: Unable to mount 2.0 TB Filesystem Error mounting: mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb4, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog -try dmesg | tail or so I am new to this and spent quite some time searching this site to see if I could find a solution to this problem without troubling anyone. I came up with a few that came close but some of the questioners mentioned that they had lost data...which scared me from going further. I need to basically extract 1 particular folder from the drive. If I can get to mount this volume 'sdb4', there is a folder called 'My_Work' which I need to back up. The rest I have/had a copy of. When I typed in dmesg | tail...I got several lines..but I think ones that are relevant are: [ 406.864677] EXT4-fs (sdb4): bad block size 65536 [ 429.098776] hfs: write access to a journaled filesystem is not supported, use the force option at your own risk, mounting read-only [ 439.786365] hfs: write access to a journaled filesystem is not supported, use the force option at your own risk, mounting read-only [ 445.982692] EXT4-fs (sdb4): bad block size 65536 [ 1565.841690] EXT4-fs (sdb4): bad block size 65536 I read somewhere to try/check 'sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdb4'. It gave me the following result: Disk /dev/sdb44: 1995.8 GB, 1995774623744 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 242639 cylinders, total 3897997312 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdb4 doesn't contain a valid partition table This is where I reached and got frustrated and decided to try & get help on this without digging myself deeper into a hole! I understand that the answer may already be out there. If so, could someone please point me in the right direction. And if not, could someone please resolve (if possible) my situation!

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• Are there any good Java/JVM libraries for my Expression Tree architecture?

  - by Snuggy

  My team and I are developing an enterprise-level application and I have devised an architecture for it that's best described as an "Expression Tree". The basic idea is that the leaf nodes of the tree are very simple expressions (perhaps simple values or strings). Nodes closer to the trunk will get more and more complex, taking the simpler nodes as their inputs and returning more complex results for their parents. Looking at it the other way, the application performs some task, and for this it creates a root expression. The root expression divides its input into smaller units and creates child expressions, which when evaluated it can use to build it's own result. The subdividing process continues until the simplest leaf nodes. There are two very important aspects of this architecture: It must be possible to manipulate nodes of the tree after it is built. The nodes may be given new input values to work with and any change in result for that node needs to be propagated back up the tree to the root node. The application must make best use of available processors and ultimately be scalable to other computers in a grid or in the cloud. Nodes in the tree will often be updating concurrently and notifying other interested nodes in the tree when they get a new value. Unfortunately, I'm not at liberty to discuss my actual application, but to aid understanding a little bit, you might imagine a kind of spreadsheet application being implemented with a similar architecture, where changes to cells in the table are propagated all over the place to other cells that need the result. The spreadsheet could get so massive that applying multi-core multi-computer distributed system to solve it would be of benefit. I've got my prototype "Expression Engine" working nicely on a single multi-core PC but I've started to run into a few concurrency issues (as expected because I haven't been taking too much care so far) so it's now time to start thinking about migrating the Engine to a more robust library, and that leads to a number of related questions: Is there any precedent for my "Expression Tree" architecture that I could research? What programming concepts should I consider. I realise this approach has many similarities to a functional programming style, and I'm already aware of the concepts of using futures and actors. Are there any others? Are there any languages or libraries that I should study? This question is inspired by my accidental discovery of Scala and the Akka library (which has good support for Actors, Futures, Distributed workloads etc.) and I'm wondering if there is anything else I should be looking at as well?

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• Misused mke2fs and cannot boot into system

  - by surlogics

  I installed Ubuntu with WUBI in Windows 7 64bit, and I had installed Mandriva 2011 with a disk. I tried to learn Linux with Ubuntu and misused mke2fs; after I reboot my computer, Windows 7 and Ubuntu has crashed. As I have Mandriva, I boot into Mandriva and found # df -h /dev/sda7 12G 9.8G 1.5G 88% / /dev/sda2 15G 165M 14G 2% /media/logical /dev/sda6 119G 88G 32G 74% /media/2C9E85319E84F51C /dev/sda5 118G 59G 60G 50% /media/D25A6DDE5A6DBFB9 /dev/sda9 100G 188M 100G 1% /media/ae69134a-a65e-488f-ae7f-150d1b5e36a6 /dev/sda1 100M 122K 100M 1% /media/DELLUTILITY /dev/sda3 98G 81G 17G 83% /media/OS # fdisk /dev/sda Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xd24f801e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 206847 102400 6 FAT16 /dev/sda2 * 206848 30926847 15360000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 30926848 235726847 102400000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda4 235728864 976771071 370521104 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda5 235728896 481488895 122880000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda6 727252992 976771071 124759040 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda7 481500243 506674034 12586896 83 Linux /dev/sda8 506674098 514851119 4088511 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda9 514851183 727246484 106197651 83 Linux Partition table entries are not in disk order I think I may used the following command mke2fs -j -L "logical"/dev/sda2 but I had forgotten what kind of partition it was before I transfered it into ext3. perhaps ntfs Data was not lost, and I can view my files as I could in Windows. In Mandriva, there are following disks: 117.2 GB hard disk, files in it is the same as my Windows D:, and Ubuntu was installed in it; 119.0 GB hard disk is my G:, with my personal files in it; 12.0 GB is the same with Mandriva / (with means root), 101.3 GB hard disk with nothing but lost+found; DELLUTILITY should be Dell computer utilities pre-installed in my computer; logical is the disk which I had spoiled, I can view nothing but lost+found; and OS is the C: in my Windows. After I boot, grub lets me choose Mandriva or Windows. I chose Windows and it tells me: FILE system type unknown, partition type 0x7 Error 13: Invalid or unsupported executable format I doubt something wrong with windows MBR or something # cat /boot/grub/menu.lst timeout 5 color black/cyan yellow/cyan gfxmenu (hd0,6)/boot/gfxmenu default 0 title linux kernel (hd0,6)/boot/vmlinuz BOOT_IMAGE=linux root=UUID=199581b7-ac7e-4c5f-9888-24c4f213cad8 nokmsboot logo.nologo quiet resume=UUID=34c546e4-9c42-4526-aa64-bbdc0e9d64fd splash=silent vga=788 initrd (hd0,6)/boot/initrd.img title linux-nonfb kernel (hd0,6)/boot/vmlinuz BOOT_IMAGE=linux-nonfb root=UUID=199581b7-ac7e-4c5f-9888-24c4f213cad8 nokmsboot resume=UUID=34c546e4-9c42-4526-aa64-bbdc0e9d64fd initrd (hd0,6)/boot/initrd.img title failsafe kernel (hd0,6)/boot/vmlinuz BOOT_IMAGE=failsafe root=UUID=199581b7-ac7e-4c5f-9888-24c4f213cad8 nokmsboot failsafe initrd (hd0,6)/boot/initrd.img title windows root (hd0,1) makeactive chainloader +1 I can boot into Linux, but not Ubuntu, it boot into Mandriva. I don't have a boot disk. Help me find a way to make it work again.

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• PMDB Block Size Choice

  - by Brian Diehl

  Choosing a block size for the P6 PMDB database is not a difficult task. In fact, taking the default of 8k is going to be just fine. Block size is one of those things that is always hotly debated. Everyone has their personal preference and can sight plenty of good reasons for their choice. To add to the confusion, Oracle supports multiple block sizes withing the same instance. So how to decide and what is the justification? Like most OLTP systems, Oracle Primavera P6 has a wide variety of data. A typical table's average row size may be less than 50 bytes or upwards of 500 bytes. There are also several tables with BLOB types but the LOB data tends not to be very large. It is likely that no single block size would be perfect for every table. So how to choose? My preference is for the 8k (8192 bytes) block size. It is a good compromise that is not too small for the wider rows, yet not to big for the thin rows. It is also important to remember that database blocks are the smallest unit of change and caching. I prefer to have more, individual "working units" in my database. For an instance with 4gb of buffer cache, an 8k block will provide 524,288 blocks of cache. The following SQL*Plus script returns the average, median, min, and max rows per block. column "AVG(CNT)" format 999.99 set verify off select avg(cnt), median(cnt), min(cnt), max(cnt), count(*) from ( select dbms_rowid.ROWID_RELATIVE_FNO(rowid) , dbms_rowid.ROWID_BLOCK_NUMBER(rowid) , count(*) cnt from &tab group by dbms_rowid.ROWID_RELATIVE_FNO(rowid) , dbms_rowid.ROWID_BLOCK_NUMBER(rowid) ) Running this for the TASK table, I get this result on a database with an 8k block size. Each activity, on average, has about 19 rows per block. Enter value for tab: task AVG(CNT) MEDIAN(CNT) MIN(CNT) MAX(CNT) COUNT(*) -------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 18.72 19 3 28 415917 I recommend an 8k block size for the P6 transactional database. All of our internal performance and scalability test are done with this block size. This does not mean that other block sizes will not work. Instead, like many other parameters, this is the safest choice.

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• How to tune down the Hyperic built-in postgresql database for a small setup

  - by Svish

  We are testing out Hyperic 4.5.1 in a quite small environment for now. Currently there are just 1-5 agents and there probably won't be any more than 10-15. When I run ps ax there are 20(!) postgres processes running. For a small setup like this, that can't be necessary, can it? I'm a software developer and don't have much experience with setting up servers and such though, so don't really know. Either way, what settings are appropriate for a small Hyperic setup like this? Current, default and untouched configuration file, hqdb/data/postgresql.conf: # ----------------------------- # PostgreSQL configuration file # ----------------------------- # # This file consists of lines of the form: # # name = value # # (The '=' is optional.) White space may be used. Comments are introduced # with '#' anywhere on a line. The complete list of option names and # allowed values can be found in the PostgreSQL documentation. The # commented-out settings shown in this file represent the default values. # # Please note that re-commenting a setting is NOT sufficient to revert it # to the default value, unless you restart the server. # # Any option can also be given as a command line switch to the server, # e.g., 'postgres -c log_connections=on'. Some options can be changed at # run-time with the 'SET' SQL command. # # This file is read on server startup and when the server receives a # SIGHUP. If you edit the file on a running system, you have to SIGHUP the # server for the changes to take effect, or use "pg_ctl reload". Some # settings, which are marked below, require a server shutdown and restart # to take effect. # # Memory units: kB = kilobytes MB = megabytes GB = gigabytes # Time units: ms = milliseconds s = seconds min = minutes h = hours d = days #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # FILE LOCATIONS #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # The default values of these variables are driven from the -D command line # switch or PGDATA environment variable, represented here as ConfigDir. #data_directory = 'ConfigDir' # use data in another directory # (change requires restart) #hba_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_hba.conf' # host-based authentication file # (change requires restart) #ident_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_ident.conf' # ident configuration file # (change requires restart) # If external_pid_file is not explicitly set, no extra PID file is written. #external_pid_file = '(none)' # write an extra PID file # (change requires restart) #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # - Connection Settings - #listen_addresses = 'localhost' # what IP address(es) to listen on; # comma-separated list of addresses; # defaults to 'localhost', '*' = all # (change requires restart) port = 9432 # (change requires restart) max_connections = 100 # (change requires restart) # Note: increasing max_connections costs ~400 bytes of shared memory per # connection slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction). You # might also need to raise shared_buffers to support more connections. #superuser_reserved_connections = 3 # (change requires restart) #unix_socket_directory = '' # (change requires restart) #unix_socket_group = '' # (change requires restart) #unix_socket_permissions = 0777 # octal # (change requires restart) #bonjour_name = '' # defaults to the computer name # (change requires restart) # - Security & Authentication - #authentication_timeout = 1min # 1s-600s #ssl = off # (change requires restart) #password_encryption = on #db_user_namespace = off # Kerberos #krb_server_keyfile = '' # (change requires restart) #krb_srvname = 'postgres' # (change requires restart) #krb_server_hostname = '' # empty string matches any keytab entry # (change requires restart) #krb_caseins_users = off # (change requires restart) # - TCP Keepalives - # see 'man 7 tcp' for details #tcp_keepalives_idle = 0 # TCP_KEEPIDLE, in seconds; # 0 selects the system default #tcp_keepalives_interval = 0 # TCP_KEEPINTVL, in seconds; # 0 selects the system default #tcp_keepalives_count = 0 # TCP_KEEPCNT; # 0 selects the system default #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # RESOURCE USAGE (except WAL) #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # - Memory - shared_buffers = 64MB # min 128kB or max_connections*16kB # (change requires restart) #temp_buffers = 8MB # min 800kB #max_prepared_transactions = 5 # can be 0 or more # (change requires restart) # Note: increasing max_prepared_transactions costs ~600 bytes of shared memory # per transaction slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction). work_mem = 2MB # min 64kB maintenance_work_mem = 32MB # min 1MB #max_stack_depth = 2MB # min 100kB # - Free Space Map - max_fsm_pages = 204800 # min max_fsm_relations*16, 6 bytes each # (change requires restart) #max_fsm_relations = 1000 # min 100, ~70 bytes each # (change requires restart) # - Kernel Resource Usage - #max_files_per_process = 1000 # min 25 # (change requires restart) #shared_preload_libraries = '' # (change requires restart) # - Cost-Based Vacuum Delay - #vacuum_cost_delay = 0 # 0-1000 milliseconds #vacuum_cost_page_hit = 1 # 0-10000 credits #vacuum_cost_page_miss = 10 # 0-10000 credits #vacuum_cost_page_dirty = 20 # 0-10000 credits #vacuum_cost_limit = 200 # 0-10000 credits # - Background writer - #bgwriter_delay = 200ms # 10-10000ms between rounds #bgwriter_lru_percent = 1.0 # 0-100% of LRU buffers scanned/round #bgwriter_lru_maxpages = 5 # 0-1000 buffers max written/round #bgwriter_all_percent = 0.333 # 0-100% of all buffers scanned/round #bgwriter_all_maxpages = 5 # 0-1000 buffers max written/round #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # WRITE AHEAD LOG #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # - Settings - fsync = on # turns forced synchronization on or off #wal_sync_method = fsync # the default is the first option # supported by the operating system: # open_datasync # fdatasync # fsync # fsync_writethrough # open_sync #full_page_writes = on # recover from partial page writes #wal_buffers = 64kB # min 32kB # (change requires restart) commit_delay = 100000 # range 0-100000, in microseconds #commit_siblings = 5 # range 1-1000 # - Checkpoints - checkpoint_segments = 10 # in logfile segments, min 1, 16MB each #checkpoint_timeout = 5min # range 30s-1h #checkpoint_warning = 30s # 0 is off # - Archiving - #archive_command = '' # command to use to archive a logfile segment #archive_timeout = 0 # force a logfile segment switch after this # many seconds; 0 is off #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # QUERY TUNING #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # - Planner Method Configuration - #enable_bitmapscan = on #enable_hashagg = on #enable_hashjoin = on #enable_indexscan = on #enable_mergejoin = on #enable_nestloop = on #enable_seqscan = on #enable_sort = on #enable_tidscan = on # - Planner Cost Constants - #seq_page_cost = 1.0 # measured on an arbitrary scale #random_page_cost = 4.0 # same scale as above #cpu_tuple_cost = 0.01 # same scale as above #cpu_index_tuple_cost = 0.005 # same scale as above #cpu_operator_cost = 0.0025 # same scale as above #effective_cache_size = 128MB # - Genetic Query Optimizer - #geqo = on #geqo_threshold = 12 #geqo_effort = 5 # range 1-10 #geqo_pool_size = 0 # selects default based on effort #geqo_generations = 0 # selects default based on effort #geqo_selection_bias = 2.0 # range 1.5-2.0 # - Other Planner Options - #default_statistics_target = 10 # range 1-1000 #constraint_exclusion = off #from_collapse_limit = 8 #join_collapse_limit = 8 # 1 disables collapsing of explicit # JOINs #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # ERROR REPORTING AND LOGGING #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # - Where to Log - log_destination = 'stderr' # Valid values are combinations of # stderr, syslog and eventlog, # depending on platform. # This is used when logging to stderr: redirect_stderr = on # Enable capturing of stderr into log # files # (change requires restart) # These are only used if redirect_stderr is on: log_directory = '../../logs' # Directory where log files are written # Can be absolute or relative to PGDATA log_filename = 'hqdb-%Y-%m-%d.log' # Log file name pattern. # Can include strftime() escapes #log_truncate_on_rotation = off # If on, any existing log file of the same # name as the new log file will be # truncated rather than appended to. But # such truncation only occurs on # time-driven rotation, not on restarts # or size-driven rotation. Default is # off, meaning append to existing files # in all cases. log_rotation_age = 1d # Automatic rotation of logfiles will # happen after that time. 0 to # disable. #log_rotation_size = 10MB # Automatic rotation of logfiles will # happen after that much log # output. 0 to disable. # These are relevant when logging to syslog: #syslog_facility = 'LOCAL0' #syslog_ident = 'postgres' # - When to Log - #client_min_messages = notice # Values, in order of decreasing detail: # debug5 # debug4 # debug3 # debug2 # debug1 # log # notice # warning # error #log_min_messages = notice # Values, in order of decreasing detail: # debug5 # debug4 # debug3 # debug2 # debug1 # info # notice # warning # error # log # fatal # panic #log_error_verbosity = default # terse, default, or verbose messages #log_min_error_statement = error # Values in order of increasing severity: # debug5 # debug4 # debug3 # debug2 # debug1 # info # notice # warning # error # fatal # panic (effectively off) log_min_duration_statement = 10000 # -1 is disabled, 0 logs all statements # and their durations. #silent_mode = off # DO NOT USE without syslog or # redirect_stderr # (change requires restart) # - What to Log - #debug_print_parse = off #debug_print_rewritten = off #debug_print_plan = off #debug_pretty_print = off #log_connections = off #log_disconnections = off #log_duration = off #log_line_prefix = '' # Special values: # %u = user name # %d = database name # %r = remote host and port # %h = remote host # %p = PID # %t = timestamp (no milliseconds) # %m = timestamp with milliseconds # %i = command tag # %c = session id # %l = session line number # %s = session start timestamp # %x = transaction id # %q = stop here in non-session # processes # %% = '%' # e.g. '<%u%%%d> ' #log_statement = 'none' # none, ddl, mod, all #log_hostname = off #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # RUNTIME STATISTICS #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # - Query/Index Statistics Collector - #stats_command_string = on #update_process_title = on stats_start_collector = on # needed for block or row stats # (change requires restart) stats_block_level = on stats_row_level = on stats_reset_on_server_start = off # (change requires restart) # - Statistics Monitoring - #log_parser_stats = off #log_planner_stats = off #log_executor_stats = off #log_statement_stats = off #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # AUTOVACUUM PARAMETERS #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- #autovacuum = off # enable autovacuum subprocess? # 'on' requires stats_start_collector # and stats_row_level to also be on #autovacuum_naptime = 1min # time between autovacuum runs #autovacuum_vacuum_threshold = 500 # min # of tuple updates before # vacuum #autovacuum_analyze_threshold = 250 # min # of tuple updates before # analyze #autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.2 # fraction of rel size before # vacuum #autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.1 # fraction of rel size before # analyze #autovacuum_freeze_max_age = 200000000 # maximum XID age before forced vacuum # (change requires restart) #autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = -1 # default vacuum cost delay for # autovacuum, -1 means use # vacuum_cost_delay #autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit = -1 # default vacuum cost limit for # autovacuum, -1 means use # vacuum_cost_limit #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # CLIENT CONNECTION DEFAULTS #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # - Statement Behavior - #search_path = '"$user",public' # schema names #default_tablespace = '' # a tablespace name, '' uses # the default #check_function_bodies = on #default_transaction_isolation = 'read committed' #default_transaction_read_only = off #statement_timeout = 0 # 0 is disabled #vacuum_freeze_min_age = 100000000 # - Locale and Formatting - datestyle = 'iso, mdy' #timezone = unknown # actually, defaults to TZ # environment setting #timezone_abbreviations = 'Default' # select the set of available timezone # abbreviations. Currently, there are # Default # Australia # India # However you can also create your own # file in share/timezonesets/. #extra_float_digits = 0 # min -15, max 2 #client_encoding = sql_ascii # actually, defaults to database # encoding # These settings are initialized by initdb -- they might be changed lc_messages = 'C' # locale for system error message # strings lc_monetary = 'C' # locale for monetary formatting lc_numeric = 'C' # locale for number formatting lc_time = 'C' # locale for time formatting # - Other Defaults - #explain_pretty_print = on #dynamic_library_path = '$libdir' #local_preload_libraries = '' #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # LOCK MANAGEMENT #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- #deadlock_timeout = 1s #max_locks_per_transaction = 64 # min 10 # (change requires restart) # Note: each lock table slot uses ~270 bytes of shared memory, and there are # max_locks_per_transaction * (max_connections + max_prepared_transactions) # lock table slots. #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # VERSION/PLATFORM COMPATIBILITY #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # - Previous Postgres Versions - #add_missing_from = off #array_nulls = on #backslash_quote = safe_encoding # on, off, or safe_encoding #default_with_oids = off #escape_string_warning = on #standard_conforming_strings = off #regex_flavor = advanced # advanced, extended, or basic #sql_inheritance = on # - Other Platforms & Clients - #transform_null_equals = off #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # CUSTOMIZED OPTIONS #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- #custom_variable_classes = '' # list of custom variable class names SELECT * FROM pg_stat_activity; datid | datname | procpid | usesysid | usename | current_query | waiting | query_start | backend_start | client_addr | client_port -------+---------+---------+----------+---------+---------------------------------+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------+------------- 16384 | hqdb | 3267 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.036781+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.02413+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47892 16384 | hqdb | 3268 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.050994+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.047393+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47893 16384 | hqdb | 3269 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.056661+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.053201+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47894 16384 | hqdb | 3271 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.062351+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.058822+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47895 16384 | hqdb | 3272 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.068328+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.064517+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47896 16384 | hqdb | 3273 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.07444+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.070755+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47897 16384 | hqdb | 3274 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.080941+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.076983+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47898 16384 | hqdb | 3275 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.08741+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.083697+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47899 16384 | hqdb | 3276 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.093597+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.089977+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47900 16384 | hqdb | 3277 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> in transaction | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.133974+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.096149+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47901 16384 | hqdb | 3308 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-09 10:49:27.402197+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:29.826321+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47902 16384 | hqdb | 3309 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.572395+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:29.865243+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47903 16384 | hqdb | 3310 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.586273+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:29.874346+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47904 16384 | hqdb | 3311 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-09 10:10:03.024088+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:29.883598+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47905 16384 | hqdb | 3312 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> in transaction | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:35.804457+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:29.892925+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47906 16384 | hqdb | 3418 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.580207+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.56911+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47910 16384 | hqdb | 3419 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.59781+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.588609+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47911 16384 | hqdb | 3422 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-09 10:10:02.668836+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.603076+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47914 16384 | hqdb | 3421 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.770427+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.603086+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47913 16384 | hqdb | 3420 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.680785+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.637058+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47912 16384 | hqdb | 18233 | 10 | hqadmin | SELECT * FROM pg_stat_activity; | f | 2011-02-09 10:49:29.688949+01 | 2011-02-09 10:48:13.031475+01 | | -1 (21 rows)

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• iSCSI, failover and XenServer

  - by jemmille

  I have an iSCSI fail over implementation setup so if one of my storage units fails the other takes over immediately (it also runs the NFS shares). When fail over occurs, volumes are exported, the IP is switched to the other machine and the targets are reconfigured. The fail over of the storage system itself works just fine. I use NexentaStor for my filer. When I do a test (manual) fail over of my storage the following occurs: Note: I run the admin VM's on NFS and customer based VM's on iSCSI All NFS based VM's remain up and working perfectly through the failover and after All VM 's running on iSCSI eventually report the following: An error about not being able to write to a particular block An error about journaling not working Then the file system goes RO To get the VM's working again I have to do the following: Force shutdown of the "broken" VM's. Detach the iSCSI SR Re-attach the iSCSI SR Boot the VM on a different server (5 in my pool) If I don't boot on a different server I get this error "Internal error: Failure("The VDI <uuid&gt; is already attached in RW mode; it can't be attached in RO mode!")" The only way I have found to fix that error is to reboot the entire server it was running on previously which is obviously a huge pain. Currently multipathing is NOT enabled (but can be and the same thing still occurs). I have edited much of the /etc/iscsid.conf file to work with the timeout settings but to no avail. In short, my storage fails over properly but XenServer does not keep the connection alive. As a thought, the error that shows up in #4 above might be the ultimate cause and fixing that would fix everything? Any help would be appreciated more than you know.

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• Windows Clients: Windows or Linux Domain Controller?

  - by Ramon Marco Navarro

  I'm planning to set up a domain controller for our small computer laboratory. I'm a little confused as to what operating system to use for our domain controller. What's in the lab: The lab has 25 units running a mix of Windows 7 and Windows XP. The domain controller will only have 2GB of RAM running a C2D E7200. (Is this enough?) What we want: The Domain Controller will also be running a git server. The Domain Controller will also be used as a general development machine (mostly Java, PHP). A way to centralize the updates for the windows clients, so that they won't have to download the same patches from the remote site. The machines would just query them from the local domain controller and get the updates from there. Our head recommended that I virtualize a Windows Server 2008 system under a Linux host and use the former as a domain controller and the latter for development or the other way around. A comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of using a Linux distribution or Windows Server 2008 in this situation would also be appreciated. As you may have noticed by now, I'm kinda new to setting up a domain so I hope you guys will be able to help me. Thank you.

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• Ubuntu 10.04 preseed unattended install results in faulty partition table

  - by joschi

  I'm currently trying to set up an unattended installation of Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx) through preseeding. But whenever I try to create a custom partition scheme, the Debian installer (which Ubuntu is using) produces a faulty partition table. I've taken the partition scheme described in the example preseed file: d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \ boot-root :: \ 40 50 100 ext3 \ $primary{ } $bootable{ } \ method{ format } format{ } \ use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } \ mountpoint{ /boot } \ . \ 500 10000 1000000000 ext3 \ method{ format } format{ } \ use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } \ mountpoint{ / } \ . \ 64 512 300% linux-swap \ method{ swap } format{ } \ . Unfortunately it also produces an incorrect partition table on the disk. The installation process itself is working and the installed system eventually boots and is working, as far as I can tell. But fdisk and cfdisk are still complaining: # fdisk -l /dev/sda Disk /dev/sda: 17.2 GB, 17179869184 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2088 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000a1cdd Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 5 37888 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 5 2089 16736257 5 Extended /dev/sda5 5 2013 16121856 83 Linux /dev/sda6 2013 2089 613376 82 Linux swap / Solaris cfdisk even refuses to start at all: # cfdisk /dev/sda FATAL ERROR: Bad primary partition 1: Partition ends in the final partial cylinder parted on the other hand does not complain about the cylinder boundary of /dev/sda1: # parted /dev/sda p Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 17.2GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 39.8MB 38.8MB primary ext4 boot 2 40.9MB 17.2GB 17.1GB extended 5 40.9MB 16.5GB 16.5GB logical ext4 6 16.6GB 17.2GB 628MB logical linux-swap(v1) Since the installed system is working, it shouldn't be a big problem but I'm afraid that this will mean trouble in the future.

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• How can I fix my corrupted RAID1 ext4 partition on a Synology DS212 NAS?

  - by Neil

  I have two identical 3 TB disks that were in a RAID1 array, where one disk crashed. I replaced the failed disk, but not after the RAID partitions got messed up. I need to figure out how to restore the RAID array and get at my ext4 partition. Here are the properties of the surviving disk: # fdisk -l /dev/sda fdisk: device has more than 2^32 sectors, can't use all of them Disk /dev/sda: 2199.0 GB, 2199023255040 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 267349 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 267350 2147483647+ ee EFI GPT # parted /dev/sda print Model: ATA ST3000DM001-9YN1 (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 3001GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 131kB 2550MB 2550MB ext4 raid 2 2550MB 4698MB 2147MB linux-swap(v1) raid 5 4840MB 3001GB 2996GB raid I replaced the failed drive, and cloned the surviving drive to it so I have something to work with. I cloned the drives with dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/sda conv=noerror bs=64M, and now /dev/sda and /dev/sdb are identical. Here is the RAID information: # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md1 : active raid1 sdb2[1] 2097088 blocks [2/1] [_U] md0 : active raid1 sdb1[1] 2490176 blocks [2/1] [_U] unused devices: <none> It seems that md2 is missing. Here is what testdisk 6.14-WIP finds: Disk /dev/sda - 3000 GB / 2794 GiB - CHS 364801 255 63 Current partition structure: Partition Start End Size in sectors 1 P Linux Raid 256 4980735 4980480 [md0] 2 P Linux Raid 4980736 9175039 4194304 [md1] Invalid RAID superblock 5 P Linux Raid 9453280 5860519007 5851065728 5 P Linux Raid 9453280 5860519007 5851065728 # After a quick search Disk /dev/sda - 3000 GB / 2794 GiB - CHS 364801 255 63 Partition Start End Size in sectors D MS Data 256 4980607 4980352 [1.41.12-2197] D Linux Raid 256 4980735 4980480 [md0] D Linux Swap 4980736 9174895 4194160 D Linux Raid 4980736 9175039 4194304 [md1] >P MS Data 9481056 5858437983 5848956928 [1.41.12-2228] And listing the files on the last partition in the list shows all of my files intact. What should I do?

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• mdadm superblock hiding/shadowing partition

  - by Kjell Andreassen

  Short version: Is it safe to do mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdd on a disk with a partition (dev/sdd1), filesystem and data? Will the partition be mountable and the data still there? Longer version: I used to have a raid6 array but decided to dismantle it. The disks from the array are now used as non-raid disks. The superblocks were cleared: sudo mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdd The disks were repartitioned with fdisk and filesystems created with mfks.ext4. All disks where mounted and everything worked fine. Today, a couple of weeks later, one of the disks is failing to be recognized when trying to mount it, or rather the single partition on it. sudo mount /dev/sdd1 /mnt/tmp mount: special device /dev/sdd1 does not exist fdisk claims there to be a partition on it: sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdd Disk /dev/sdd: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xb06f6341 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 1 243201 1953512001 83 Linux Of course mount is right, the device /dev/sdd1 is not there, I'm guessing udev did not create it because of the mdadm data still on it: sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdd /dev/sdd: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 1.2 Feature Map : 0x0 Array UUID : b164e513:c0584be1:3cc53326:48691084 Name : pringle:0 (local to host pringle) Creation Time : Sat Jun 16 21:37:14 2012 Raid Level : raid6 Raid Devices : 6 Avail Dev Size : 3907027120 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB) Array Size : 15628107776 (7452.06 GiB 8001.59 GB) Used Dev Size : 3907026944 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB) Data Offset : 2048 sectors Super Offset : 8 sectors State : clean Device UUID : 3ccaeb5b:843531e4:87bf1224:382c16e2 Update Time : Sun Aug 12 22:20:39 2012 Checksum : 4c329db0 - correct Events : 1238535 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 512K Device Role : Active device 3 Array State : AA.AAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing) My mdadm --zero-superblock apparently didn't work. Can I safely try it again without losing data? If not, are there any suggestion on what do to? Not starting mdadm at all on boot might be a (somewhat unsatisfactory) solution.

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• Htpc aka "Media Center": cheap and *silent*?

  - by Unknown

  It may be me, or the place I live (Italy), but it seems pretty hard to get a build or a prebuilt nettop or a laptop that fits the need. I need something silent able to playback all h.264 fullhd content without stuttering, and well (and not loosing the hw acceleration because of softsubs...) silent not ugly silent and (possibly) cheap. I'm going the linux route, therefore i'm moving towards a cpu-based or nvida-integrated solution (i don't think ati hw accelerated playback - or the intel "hd" acceleration - is useable yet). Ion nettop; it's either the Acer Revo (but here it's incredibly pricey and it's hard to find the dualcore version) or the Asrock Ion 330, that in the current version is rated "silent" at 26Db. 26. Sounds pretty noisy to me!!! the previous version was even worse. was this product really aimed at htpc market?? the Dell Zino - i think it's ATI based unfortunately. Laptop: correct me if I'm wrong: sub 600€/$ units are quite loud under full load (because of the tiny fans). ULW laptops are indeed quite similar: tiniest fans = high pitched noise and the cpu still lacks power for non hd-accelerated video decoding Handmade build: little money can be saved with underpowered cpus, a low-midrange cpu would help in the case of non-hw-accelerated content the cases are quite pricey the PSU one has to get ranges between 100/150 €/$ minimum to keep the noise down a low-mid build, all included, sums up to over 650 €/$ for a still-looking-ugly-unit, without the blu-ray drive. Please help. What do you advise on this? ;) Am I ignoring laptops too much, maybe? Are low-priced Acers that noisy/high pitched under full load?

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• Interpreting Inkscape SVG path coordinates for HTML map

  - by tovare

  I needed some coordinates for a HTML MAP and tried to use inkskape by opening the image and just draw a path with my polygon coordinates. My document properties are set to 256 x 256 pixels and units: px When opening the svg file i get coordinates which are not immediately apparent. <path style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt; stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" d="m 23.864407,126.91525 3.254237, 44.47458 35.79661, 44.47458 71.593216, 19.52542 71.59322, -37.9661 22.77967, -72.67797 L 218.0339, 64 192,49.898305 l -32.54237, 8.677966 -18.44068, -35.79661 1.08474, -17.3559322 -71.593215,0 L 45.559322,34.711864 35. 79661,57.491525 5.4237288, 74.847458 6.5084746,101.9661 23.864407,126.91525 z" id="path2840" /> How can I get coordinates I can use ? The original image The SVG file from inkscape Link to SVG Progress: I tried a tool called InkscapeMap which looks promising and simple, but unfortunately it looks like it didn't work with this particular svn file. Solved! Saving the file as a Plain SVG solved the problem and InkscapeMap worked perfectly. (Btw. saving as an optimized svg caused a parsing error) Update 13.11 Using inkscapeMap 0.6 and Inkscape 0.48 i needed to uncheck relative coordinates in SVG output preferences. Also if you get a C error message, hunt down the polygon with a C in it, and redraw the polygon using the XML editor in inkscape. Update 25.11.2011 I modified the source to improve parsing. http://tovare.com/articles/createhtmlimagemapsusinginkscape/

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• iSCSI, failover and XenServer

  - by jemmille

  I have an iSCSI fail over implementation setup so if one of my storage units fails the other takes over immediately (it also runs the NFS shares). When fail over occurs, volumes are exported, the IP is switched to the other machine and the targets are reconfigured. The fail over of the storage system itself works just fine. I use NexentaStor for my filer. When I do a test (manual) fail over of my storage the following occurs: Note: I run the admin VM's on NFS and customer based VM's on iSCSI All NFS based VM's remain up and working perfectly through the failover and after All VM 's running on iSCSI eventually report the following: An error about not being able to write to a particular block An error about journaling not working Then the file system goes RO To get the VM's working again I have to do the following: Force shutdown of the "broken" VM's. Detach the iSCSI SR Re-attach the iSCSI SR Boot the VM on a different server (5 in my pool) If I don't boot on a different server I get this error "Internal error: Failure("The VDI <uuid&gt; is already attached in RW mode; it can't be attached in RO mode!")" The only way I have found to fix that error is to reboot the entire server it was running on previously which is obviously a huge pain. Currently multipathing is NOT enabled (but can be and the same thing still occurs). I have edited much of the /etc/iscsid.conf file to work with the timeout settings but to no avail. In short, my storage fails over properly but XenServer does not keep the connection alive. As a thought, the error that shows up in #4 above might be the ultimate cause and fixing that would fix everything? Any help would be appreciated more than you know.

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• How to list rpm packages/subpackages sorted by total size

  - by smci

  Looking for an easy way to postprocess rpm -q output so it reports the total size of all subpackages matching a regexp, e.g. see the aspell* example below. (Short of scripting it with Python/PERL/awk, which is the next step) (Motivation: I'm trying to remove a few Gb of unnecessary packages from a CentOS install, so I'm trying to track down things that are a) large b) unnecessary and c) not dependencies of anything useful like gnome. Ultimately I want to pipe the ouput through sort -n to what the space hogs are, before doing rpm -e) My reporting command looks like [1]: cat unwanted | xargs rpm -q --qf '%9.{size} %{name}\n' > unwanted.size and here's just one example where I'd like to see rpm's total for all aspell* subpackages: root# rpm -q --qf '%9.{size} %{name}\n' `rpm -qa | grep aspell` 1040974 aspell 16417158 aspell-es 4862676 aspell-sv 4334067 aspell-en 23329116 aspell-fr 13075210 aspell-de 39342410 aspell-it 8655094 aspell-ca 62267635 aspell-cs 16714477 aspell-da 17579484 aspell-el 10625591 aspell-no 60719347 aspell-pl 12907088 aspell-pt 8007946 aspell-nl 9425163 aspell-cy Three extra nice-to-have things: list the dependencies/depending packages of each group (so I can figure out the uninstall order) Also, if you could group them by package group, that would be totally neat. Human-readable size units like 'M'/'G' (like ls -h does). Can be done with regexp and rounding on the size field. Footnote: I'm surprised up2date and yum don't add this sort of intelligence. Ideally you would want to see a tree of group-package-subpackage, with rolled-up sizes. Footnote 2: I see yum erase aspell* does actually produce this summary - but not in a query command. [1] where unwanted.txt is a textfile of unnecessary packages obtained by diffing the output of: yum list installed | sed -e 's/\..*//g' > installed.txt diff --suppress-common-lines centos4_minimal.txt installed.txt | grep '>' and centos4_minimal.txt came from the Google doc given by that helpful blogger.

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• Tomato OS: "memory exhausted" running vi .... how to solve?

  - by Sam Jones

  I have set up tomato (shibby) on an asus RT-N66U router. It works great. I loaded up a few pieces, like transmission and optware. I can run vi, but when I run vi it fails with a "memory exhausted" error, and the terminal session hangs. For reference: If I simply start "vi" it runs fine. But if I specify vi I get the memory exhausted error, even if the file I am opening is just a couple of hundred bytes in size (like fstab). I discovered that my swap partition was not properly set up, so I did that. The swapon command now indicates I really do have a swap: [root@MyRouter samba]$ swapon -s Filename Type Size Used Priority /dev/sda1 partition 32900860 0 1 How can I get vi to work? Thanks! System setup reference information: asus RT-N66U router 2TB usb hard drive partitions on hard drive: Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398839808 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30400 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 4096 = 65802240 bytes Disk identifier: 0xfacbc8ab Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 512 32900868 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda2 513 29000 1830638880 83 Linux running samba memory: $ cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 255840 kB MemFree: 210980 kB Buffers: 5264 kB Cached: 22768 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 20272 kB Inactive: 11448 kB HighTotal: 131072 kB HighFree: 99868 kB LowTotal: 124768 kB LowFree: 111112 kB SwapTotal: 32900860 kB SwapFree: 32900860 kB Dirty: 0 kB Writeback: 0 kB TIA!

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• how to correctly mount fat32 partition in Ubuntu in order to preserve case

  - by Dean

  I've found there are couple of problems might be related how my FAT32 partition was mounted. I hope you can help me to solve the problem. I also included the command I used to help others when they find this post, sorry to those might feel I should use less space. I've the following file structures on my disk dean@notebook:~$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x08860886 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 13 5737 45978624 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda3 5738 10600 39062047+ 83 Linux /dev/sda4 10601 19457 71143852+ 5 Extended /dev/sda5 10601 11208 4883728+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 11209 15033 30720000 b W95 FAT32 /dev/sda7 15033 19457 35537920 7 HPFS/NTFS In the etc/fstab I've got UUID=91c57a65-dc53-476b-b219-28dac3682d31 / ext4 defaults 0 1 UUID=BEA2A8AFA2A86D99 /media/NTFS ntfs-3g quiet,defaults,locale=en_US.utf8,umask=0 0 0 UUID=0C0C-9BB3 /media/FAT32 vfat user,auto,utf8,fmask=0111,dmask=0000,uid=1000 0 0 /dev/sda5 swap swap sw 0 0 /dev/sda1 /media/sda1 ntfs nls=iso8859-1,ro,noauto,umask=000 0 0 /dev/sda2 /media/sda2 ntfs nls=iso8859-1,ro,noauto,umask=000 0 0 I checked my id using id and I've got dean@notebook:~$ id uid=1000(dean) gid=1000(dean) groups=4(adm),20(dialout),24(cdrom),46(plugdev),103(fuse),104(lpadmin),115(admin),120(sambashare),1000(dean) I don't know why with these settings I still have problem of using svn like in this one Thank you for your help!

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• wrt54gl reboots; troubleshooting steps?

  - by Bill

  I am using about 10 wrt54gl's in a small school. I am using a combination of stock firmware and Tomato 1.25, slowly moving towards all Tomato. We have had these devices installed for several years without problems. Recently, more and more of the units have started to spontaneously reboot, usually during high-traffic times (but not always). For the most part, the rebooting is not critical for us, but the wrt54gl's temporarily revert to 192.168.1.1 on the LAN ethernet ports and conflict with a critical server that's already installed with that IP. (Yes -- we plan to move the server off that address, but it is an involved process.) Both Tomato and the stock firmware (several versions from recent to several years old) exhibit the same problem: random reboots and reverting to 192.168.1.1 and conflicting temporarily with our server until the firmware boot process finishes. Here are my questions: Any way to prevent the wrt54gl's from reverting to 192.168.1.1 during the boot process? I was thinking of doing a custom firmware mod, although I hate to go that direction. Any steps to take in troubleshooting the reboots? Only some of the wrt54gl's reboot, which is odd. Others stay online for weeks and months without issues. Thanks.

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