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• how to uninstall ubuntu 8 from ubuntu 10 dual boot

  - by umar

  I have ubuntu 8.04 and ubuntu 10.04 on my laptop, and i want to reclaim all the ubuntu 8 space so that i have just one operating system on my laptop. how can i do it? the output of sudo fdisk -l is as follows: sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x31a431a3 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 4959 39833136 83 Linux /dev/sda2 4960 5233 2200905 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 5234 12852 61192552 83 Linux /dev/sda4 12852 19458 53062657 5 Extended /dev/sda5 12852 19182 50847744 83 Linux /dev/sda6 19182 19458 2213888 82 Linux swap / Solaris i dont know which of sda1, ..., sda 6 etc ubuntu 8 is on. how can i find that out? The actual task is that i think a lot of space is devoted to ubuntu 8, if there is no easy way to get rid of it, then i want to repartition the disk so that about 50 GB of hard disk space is given to ubuntu 10's home folder from the ubuntu 8's home folder. but i hope that there is an easy way to get rid of ubuntu 8 alrogether and just have ubuntu 10 on my system.

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• Cooling for a small server room

  - by John Zwinck

  I have a server room about 12 feet square with an unfinished ceiling (exposed ducts and wiring). It houses a few servers (about ten, 1U and 2U) and some networking gear (four 1U switches, three routers, three modems, two cable boxes). With the door closed, it runs around 80 degrees Fahrenheit with half the servers turned on. When I turned on all the servers it reached 86 before I chickened out and propped the door open. The room is adjacent to air-conditioned office space, but does not itself have dedicated air conditioning. The ventilation for this room seems to be limited to one duct coming in at ceiling level, with a powered fan to draw air in, and one duct at ceiling level to allow air to flow out (it seems like it may just go into the drop ceiling cavity in the adjacent room). The adjacent office space stays fairly cool, but I'd prefer not to leave the door propped open all the time. There is both 110v and 208v service in the room, and plenty of power available. But there are no windows, and no floor drains (in a pinch we might be able to run a condensation hose through a small hole we'd drill in the wall to a nearby sink area, but only if absolutely necessary). I've considered portable A/C units, but I'm not sure on sizing and a lot less sure how we would run the exhaust hose(s). I suppose we could point one at the existing room exhaust duct (air return), but substantially modifying the duct is probably a no-no. I've also considered installing a fan box in the door of the room, but I'm concerned that this will only drop the temperature a little. Even right now, with all the equipment on, the room is at 83 degrees with the door open. And the main building A/C turns off daily at 6 PM to conserve energy, so the adjacent room temperature rises at night. How would you cool this room? Let's say the goal is to bring the temperature with everything running from a steady state of around 90 degrees down to 75 (equivalently, to offset the heat produced by ten 1U servers).

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• LDAP Authentication woes

  - by Marcelo de Moraes Serpa

  Hello list, I have a local OpenLDAP server with a couple of users. I'm using it for development purposes, here's the ldif: #Top level - the organization dn: dc=site, dc=com dc: site description: My Organization objectClass: dcObject objectClass: organization o: Organization #Top level - manager dn: cn=Manager, dc=site, dc=com objectClass: organizationalRole cn: Manager #Second level - organizational units dn: ou=people, dc=site, dc=com ou: people description: All people in the organization objectClass: organizationalunit dn: ou=groups, dc=site, dc=com ou: groups description: All groups in the organization objectClass: organizationalunit #Third level - people dn: uid=celoserpa, ou=people, dc=site, dc=com objectclass: pilotPerson objectclass: uidObject uid: celoserpa cn: Marcelo de Moraes Serpa sn: de Moraes Serpa userPassword: secret_12345 mail: [email protected] So far, so good. I can bind with "cn=Manager,dc=site,dc=com" and the 12345678 password (the local server password, setup on slapd.conf). However, I would like to bind with any user in under the people OU. In this case, I'd like to bind with: dn: uid=celoserpa, ou=people, dc=site, dc=com userPassword: secret_12345 But I'm getting a "(49) - Invalid Credentials" error everytime. I have tried through CLI tools (such as ldapadd, ldapwhoami, etc) and also ruby/ldap. The bind with these credentials fails with a invalid credentials error. I thought that it could be an ACL issue, however, the ACLs on slapd.conf seem to be right: access to attrs=userPassword by self write by dn.sub="ou=people,dc=site,dc=com" read by anonymous auth access to * by * read I was suspecting that maybe OpenLDAP doesn't compare against userPassword? Or maybe some ACL configuration I am missing that is somehow affecting the read access to userPassword for the specific DN. I'm really lost here, any suggestion appreciated! Cheers, Marcelo.

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• How do I repair the corrupted files found by sfc /scannow? "Windows Resource Protection found corrupt files but was unable to fix some of them."

  - by galacticninja

  After running chkdsk C: /F /R and finding out that my hard disk has 24 KB in bad sectors (log is posted below), I decided to run Windows 7's System File Checker utility (sfc /scannow). SFC showed the ff. message after I ran it: "Windows Resource Protection found corrupt files but was unable to fix some of them. Details are included in the CBS.Log windir\Logs\CBS\CBS.log." Since the CBS.log file is too large, I ran findstr /c:"[SR]" %windir%\Logs\CBS\CBS.log >"%userprofile%\Desktop\sfcdetails.txt" (as per Microsoft's KB 928228 article) to only get the log text pertaining to the corrupt files. (log is also posted below) How do I troubleshoot and repair the corrupted files mentioned by sfc /scannow? My OS is Windows 7, 64-bit. chkdsk log Checking file system on C: The type of the file system is NTFS. A disk check has been scheduled. Windows will now check the disk. CHKDSK is verifying files (stage 1 of 5)... 936192 file records processed. File verification completed. 25238 large file records processed. 0 bad file records processed. 4 EA records processed. 44 reparse records processed. CHKDSK is verifying indexes (stage 2 of 5)... 1051640 index entries processed. Index verification completed. 0 unindexed files scanned. 0 unindexed files recovered. CHKDSK is verifying security descriptors (stage 3 of 5)... 936192 file SDs/SIDs processed. Cleaning up 24 unused index entries from index $SII of file 0x9. Cleaning up 24 unused index entries from index $SDH of file 0x9. Cleaning up 24 unused security descriptors. Security descriptor verification completed. 57725 data files processed. CHKDSK is verifying Usn Journal... 36994248 USN bytes processed. Usn Journal verification completed. CHKDSK is verifying file data (stage 4 of 5)... 936176 files processed. File data verification completed. CHKDSK is verifying free space (stage 5 of 5)... 306238 free clusters processed. Free space verification is complete. Adding 1 bad clusters to the Bad Clusters File. Correcting errors in the Volume Bitmap. Windows has made corrections to the file system. 488282111 KB total disk space. 485595420 KB in 766458 files. 401856 KB in 57726 indexes. 24 KB in bad sectors. 1059863 KB in use by the system. 65536 KB occupied by the log file. 1224948 KB available on disk. 4096 bytes in each allocation unit. 122070527 total allocation units on disk. 306237 allocation units available on disk. Internal Info: 00 49 0e 00 81 93 0c 00 34 01 17 00 00 00 00 00 .I......4....... 6b 29 00 00 2c 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 k)..,........... 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ sfc /scannow log (through findstr /c:"[SR]" %windir%\Logs\CBS\CBS.log >"%userprofile%\Desktop\sfcdetails.txt") Note: The full log is at http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=gTEGZmWj . I've only quoted parts of the full log below (mostly from the last part), as the full log won't fit within the character limit for questions. I've added it to serve as a preview. ... 2013-12-28 19:37:50, Info CSI00000542 [SR] Beginning Verify and Repair transaction 2013-12-28 19:37:55, Info CSI00000544 [SR] Verify complete 2013-12-28 19:37:56, Info CSI00000545 [SR] Verifying 95 (0x000000000000005f) components 2013-12-28 19:37:56, Info CSI00000546 [SR] Beginning Verify and Repair transaction 2013-12-28 19:38:03, Info CSI00000548 [SR] Verify complete 2013-12-28 19:38:03, Info CSI00000549 [SR] Repairing 43 (0x000000000000002b) components 2013-12-28 19:38:03, Info CSI0000054a [SR] Beginning Verify and Repair transaction ... 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000730 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:62{31}]"GroupPolicy-Admin-Gpedit-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000733 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:30{15}]"frs-core-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000736 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:26{13}]"gpmgmt-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000739 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:74{37}]"MediaServer-ASPAdmin-Migration-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI0000073c [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:36{18}]"Ldap-Client-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI0000073f [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:38{19}]"iSNS_Service-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000742 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:76{38}]"MediaServer-Multicast-Migration-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000745 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:78{39}]"Kerberos-Key-Distribution-Center-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000748 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:86{43}]"GroupPolicy-CSE-SoftwareInstallation-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI0000074b [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:28{14}]"ieframe-dl.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI0000074e [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:76{38}]"GroupPolicy-Admin-Gpedit-Snapin-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000751 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:32{16}]"IPSec-Svc-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000754 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:22{11}]"HTTP-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000757 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:56{28}]"MediaServer-Migration-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI0000075a [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:26{13}]"GPBase-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI0000075d [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:38{19}]"IasMigPlugin-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000760 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:50{25}]"International-Core-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000762 [SR] Cannot repair member file [l:24{12}]"wbemdisp.dll" of Microsoft-Windows-WMI-Scripting, Version = 6.1.7600.16385, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture neutral, VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, hash mismatch 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000763 [SR] This component was referenced by [l:202{101}]"Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.1.7601.17514.WindowsFoundationDelivery" 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000766 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:58{29},l:56{28}]"\??\C:\Windows\SysWOW64\wbem"\[l:24{12}]"wbemdisp.dll"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000768 [SR] Cannot repair member file [l:56{28}]"Microsoft.MediaCenter.UI.dll" of Microsoft.MediaCenter.UI, Version = 6.1.7601.17514, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_MSIL (8), Culture neutral, VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, hash mismatch 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000769 [SR] This component was referenced by [l:176{88}]"Microsoft-Windows-MediaCenter-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.1.7601.17514.MediaCenter" 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI0000076c [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:40{20}]"\??\C:\Windows\ehome"\[l:56{28}]"Microsoft.MediaCenter.UI.dll"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI0000076e [SR] Cannot repair member file [l:24{12}]"ReAgentc.exe" of Microsoft-Windows-WinRE-RecoveryTools, Version = 6.1.7601.17514, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture neutral, VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, hash mismatch 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI0000076f [SR] This component was referenced by [l:202{101}]"Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.1.7601.17514.WindowsFoundationDelivery" 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000772 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:48{24},l:46{23}]"\??\C:\Windows\SysWOW64"\[l:24{12}]"ReAgentc.exe"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000774 [SR] Cannot repair member file [l:82{41}]"System.Management.Automation.dll-Help.xml" of Microsoft-Windows-PowerShell-PreLoc.Resources, Version = 6.1.7600.16385, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64 (9), Culture = [l:10{5}]"en-US", VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, hash mismatch 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000775 [SR] This component was referenced by [l:266{133}]"Microsoft-Windows-Client-Features-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~en-US~6.1.7601.17514.Microsoft-Windows-Client-Features-Language-Pack" 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000778 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:104{52}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\en-US"\[l:82{41}]"System.Management.Automation.dll-Help.xml"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI0000077a [SR] Cannot repair member file [l:18{9}]"hlink.dll" of Microsoft-Windows-HLink, Version = 6.1.7600.16385, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture neutral, VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, hash mismatch 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI0000077b [SR] This component was referenced by [l:202{101}]"Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.1.7601.17514.WindowsFoundationDelivery" 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI0000077e [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:48{24},l:46{23}]"\??\C:\Windows\SysWOW64"\[l:18{9}]"hlink.dll"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000780 [SR] Repair complete 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000781 [SR] Committing transaction 2013-12-28 19:38:19, Info CSI00000785 [SR] Verify and Repair Transaction completed. All files and registry keys listed in this transaction have been successfully repaired

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• APC Smart UPS network shutdown issue

  - by Rob Clarke

  Here is a bit about our setup: We have 2x Smart-UPS RT 6000 XL units with network management cards We are running Powerchute from a network server Powerchute is connected to the management cards of both UPSs UPSs are set to do a graceful shutdown via Powerchute when the battery duration is under 20 minutes We also have a command file that runs with Powerchute Although our setup is redundant we do not have an equal load on each server due to APC switches for single power devices The problem is that as we do not have an equal load on each server the batteries drain at different rates. This means that the UPSs both get to the specified low battery duration at completely different times. The problem here is that UPS 1 may have run down to 5 minutes and is in desperate need of initiating a Powerchute shutdown - UPS 2 still has 25 minutes of runtime so no shutdown is initiated. Consequently UPS 1 goes down and takes all the servers with and then shuts down UPS 2 as well! What we need to happen are 1 of either 2 things: Powerchute initiates the shutdown as soon as either UPS reaches the 20 minutes low battery duration setting - and doesnt wait for both The UPS with the heavier load expends its entire battery but does not shutdown both UPSs and lets the load be switched across to the UPS that still has runtime remaining. That way when the UPS that still has runtime reaches its low battery duration it can proceed with the graceful shutdown via Powerchute. Hope that makes sense, any help is greatly appreciated!

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• how to correctly mount fat32 partition in Ubuntu in order to preserve case

  - by Dean

  I've found there are couple of problems might be related how my FAT32 partition was mounted. I hope you can help me to solve the problem. I also included the command I used to help others when they find this post, sorry to those might feel I should use less space. I've the following file structures on my disk dean@notebook:~$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x08860886 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 13 5737 45978624 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda3 5738 10600 39062047+ 83 Linux /dev/sda4 10601 19457 71143852+ 5 Extended /dev/sda5 10601 11208 4883728+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 11209 15033 30720000 b W95 FAT32 /dev/sda7 15033 19457 35537920 7 HPFS/NTFS In the etc/fstab I've got UUID=91c57a65-dc53-476b-b219-28dac3682d31 / ext4 defaults 0 1 UUID=BEA2A8AFA2A86D99 /media/NTFS ntfs-3g quiet,defaults,locale=en_US.utf8,umask=0 0 0 UUID=0C0C-9BB3 /media/FAT32 vfat user,auto,utf8,fmask=0111,dmask=0000,uid=1000 0 0 /dev/sda5 swap swap sw 0 0 /dev/sda1 /media/sda1 ntfs nls=iso8859-1,ro,noauto,umask=000 0 0 /dev/sda2 /media/sda2 ntfs nls=iso8859-1,ro,noauto,umask=000 0 0 I checked my id using id and I've got dean@notebook:~$ id uid=1000(dean) gid=1000(dean) groups=4(adm),20(dialout),24(cdrom),46(plugdev),103(fuse),104(lpadmin),115(admin),120(sambashare),1000(dean) I don't know why with these settings I still have problem of using svn like in this one Thank you for your help!

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• limits.conf to set memory limits

  - by Rupert Jipe

  I would like to limit any process from using more than 500 MB of RAM. AFAIK this is done using RSS in /etc/security/limits.conf but the process called gnome-panel apparently is using 618436 kB of VmRSS. How can this be ? /etc/security/limits.conf * hard rss 512000 username@debian:~$ cat /proc/3002/status Name: gnome-panel State: S (sleeping) Tgid: 3002 Pid: 3002 PPid: 2910 TracerPid: 0 Uid: 1000 1000 1000 1000 Gid: 1000 1000 1000 1000 FDSize: 64 Groups: 20 24 25 29 44 46 112 116 117 1000 1002 1003 VmPeak: 916636 kB VmSize: 916636 kB VmLck: 0 kB VmHWM: 618436 kB VmRSS: 618436 kB VmData: 601972 kB VmStk: 104 kB VmExe: 516 kB VmLib: 29232 kB VmPTE: 1760 kB Threads: 1 SigQ: 0/14001 SigPnd: 0000000000000000 ShdPnd: 0000000000000000 SigBlk: 0000000000000000 SigIgn: 0000000020001000 SigCgt: 0000000180000000 CapInh: 0000000000000000 CapPrm: 0000000000000000 CapEff: 0000000000000000 CapBnd: ffffffffffffffff Cpus_allowed: 3 Cpus_allowed_list: 0-1 Mems_allowed: 00000000,00000001 Mems_allowed_list: 0 voluntary_ctxt_switches: 871965 nonvoluntary_ctxt_switches: 47553 PaX: PeMRs username@debian:~$ cat /proc/3002/limits Limit Soft Limit Hard Limit Units Max cpu time unlimited unlimited seconds Max file size unlimited unlimited bytes Max data size unlimited unlimited bytes Max stack size 8388608 unlimited bytes Max core file size 0 0 bytes Max resident set 524288000 524288000 bytes Max processes 100 100 processes Max open files 1024 1024 files Max locked memory 65536 65536 bytes Max address space unlimited unlimited bytes Max file locks unlimited unlimited locks Max pending signals 14001 14001 signals Max msgqueue size 819200 819200 bytes Max nice priority 0 0 Max realtime priority 0 0 Max realtime timeout unlimited unlimited us

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• CentOS OpenVZ fail to boot after kernel update

  - by SkechBoy

  After upgrading to latest OpenVZ kernel CentOS server won't boot. When i try go boot the latest kernel server is stuck at this point: (note that images are taken from virtual kvm) http://i.stack.imgur.com/4lusz.jpg Then i try to start the server on some old kernels and than i get this error message: kernel panic - not syncing - attempted to kill init better shown on this image: http://i.stack.imgur.com/2SReF.jpg Here is some useful information fdisk -l WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sda: 2995.7 GB, 2995739688960 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 364211 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0004c4e4 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 523 4199044+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda2 524 785 2104515 83 Linux /dev/sda3 786 261869 2097157230 83 Linux /dev/sda4 261870 364211 822062115 83 Linux /etc/fstab proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 /dev/sda1 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/sda2 /boot ext3 defaults 0 0 /dev/sda3 / ext3 defaults 0 0 /dev/sda4 /home ext3 defaults 0 0 and grub config file: title OpenVZ (2.6.18-274.18.1.el5.028stab098.1) root (hd0,1) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-274.18.1.el5.028stab098.1 ro root=/dev/sda3 vga=0x317 selinux=0 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-274.18.1.el5.028stab098.1.img title OpenVZ (2.6.18-274.7.1.el5.028stab095.1) root (hd0,1) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-274.7.1.el5.028stab095.1 ro root=/dev/sda3 vga=0x317 selinux=0 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-274.7.1.el5.028stab095.1.img title OpenVZ (2.6.18-194.8.1.el5.028stab070.4) root (hd0,1) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.8.1.el5.028stab070.4 ro root=/dev/sda3 vga=0x317 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-194.8.1.el5.028stab070.4.img Any help is greatly appreciated Thanks.

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• /etc/security/limits.conf for setting program limits in Linux

  - by Flavius Akerele

  I have the following inside /etc/security/limits.conf (I have specified root separately because * will not include it.) user2 - core unlimited * - core 0 root - core 0 * - rss 512000 root - rss 512000 * - nproc 100 root - nproc 100 * - maxlogins 1 root - maxlogins 1 I run a program as user2 (./programname) but /proc/3498/limits says cores are disabled: Limit Soft Limit Hard Limit Units Max cpu time unlimited unlimited seconds Max file size unlimited unlimited bytes Max data size unlimited unlimited bytes Max stack size 8388608 unlimited bytes Max core file size 0 0 bytes Max resident set 524288000 524288000 bytes Max processes 100 100 processes Max open files 1024 1024 files Max locked memory 65536 65536 bytes Max address space unlimited unlimited bytes Max file locks unlimited unlimited locks Max pending signals 14001 14001 signals Max msgqueue size 819200 819200 bytes Max nice priority 0 0 Max realtime priority 0 0 Max realtime timeout unlimited unlimited us Both ulimit -Sa and ulimit -Ha output that cores are disabled: core file size (blocks, -c) 0 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited scheduling priority (-e) 0 file size (blocks, -f) unlimited pending signals (-i) 14001 max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64 max memory size (kbytes, -m) 512000 open files (-n) 1024 pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8 POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200 real-time priority (-r) 0 stack size (kbytes, -s) unlimited cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited max user processes (-u) 100 virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited file locks (-x) unlimited Why are cores disabled ?

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• a disk read error occurred

  - by kellogs

  Hi, ¨a disk read error occurred¨ appears on screen after choosing to boot into Windows XP from GRUB. [root@localhost linux]# fdisk -lu Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x48424841 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 63 204214271 102107104+ 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 204214272 255606783 25696256 af HFS / HFS+ Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda3 255606784 276488191 10440704 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) Partition 3 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda4 276490179 312576704 18043263 5 Extended /dev/sda5 * 276490240 286709759 5109760 83 Linux /dev/sda6 286712118 310488254 11888068+ b W95 FAT32 /dev/sda7 310488318 312576704 1044193+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris sda is a 160GB hard disk with quite a few partitions and 3 OSes installed. I am able to boot into Linux and Mac OS fine, but not into Windows anymore. The Windows system is located on /dev/sda1. I can not recall how exactly have I used testdisk but it once said that ¨The harddisk /dev/sda (160GB / 149 GB) seems too small! (< 172GB / 157GB)¨ or something simillar. So far I have tried to ¨fixboot¨ and ¨chkdsk¨ from a recovery console on the affected windows partition (/dev/sda1), the plug off power cord for 15 seconds trick, reinstalling GRUB, repairing the MFT and boot sector of the affected partition via testdisk, what next please ? Thank you!

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• Dual-booting Ubuntu and Pardus with GRUB2...Pardus no show?

  - by Ibn Ali al-Turki

  Hello all, I have Ubuntu 10.10 installed and used to dual-boot Fedora, but I replaced Fedora with Pardus. After the install, I went into ubuntu, and did a sudo update-grub. It detected my Pardus 2011 install there. When I rebooted, it did not show up in my grub2 menu however. I went back to Ubuntu and did it again...then checked the grub.cfg, and it is not there. I have read that Pardus uses a grub legacy. How can I get Pardus into my grub2 menu? Thanks! sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xd9b3496e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 15197 122067968 83 Linux /dev/sda2 36394 60802 196059757 5 Extended /dev/sda3 15197 30394 122067968 83 Linux /dev/sda5 36394 59434 185075308 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda6 59434 60802 10983424 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition table entries are not in disk order and update-grub Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-25-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-25-generic Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin Found Pardus 2011 (2011) on /dev/sda3 Yet after this, I go to grub.cfg, and Pardus is not there.

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• GRUB reporting wrong partition type

  - by plok

  It all started when I had to replace one of the disks that the software RAID 1 on this machine currently uses. From that moment on I have not been able to boot to the Windows XP that is installed on the fourth hard drive, /dev/sdd. I am almost positive that the problem is related not to Windows but to GRUB, as if I unplug all the other hard drives so that the Windows XP disk is now /dev/sda it boots with no problem. The problem seems to be that GRUB detects a wrong partition type, which I understand suggest that something is really messed up. This is what I get when I try to follow the steps that until now had worked like a charm: grub> map (hd0) (hd3) grub> map (hd3) (hd0) grub> root (hd3,0) Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0xfd 0xfd? That doesn't make sense. /dev/sdb and sdc are 0xfd (Linux raid), but not /dev/sdd: edel:~# fdisk -l [...] Disk /dev/sdd: 250.0 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00048d89 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 * 1 30400 244187968+ 7 HPFS/NTFS edel:/boot/grub# cat device.map (hd0) /dev/sda (hd1) /dev/sdb (hd2) /dev/sdc (hd3) /dev/sdd I have been trying to work this out for hours, to no avail. Can anyone point me in the right direction?

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• APC Smart UPS network shutdown issue

  - by Rob Clarke

  Here is a bit about our setup: We have 2x Smart-UPS RT 6000 XL units with network management cards We are running Powerchute from a network server Powerchute is connected to the management cards of both UPSs UPSs are set to do a graceful shutdown via Powerchute when the battery duration is under 20 minutes We also have a command file that runs with Powerchute Although our setup is redundant we do not have an equal load on each server due to APC switches for single power devices The problem is that as we do not have an equal load on each server the batteries drain at different rates. This means that the UPSs both get to the specified low battery duration at completely different times. The problem here is that UPS 1 may have run down to 5 minutes and is in desperate need of initiating a Powerchute shutdown - UPS 2 still has 25 minutes of runtime so no shutdown is initiated. Consequently UPS 1 goes down and takes all the servers with and then shuts down UPS 2 as well! What we need to happen are 1 of either 2 things: Powerchute initiates the shutdown as soon as either UPS reaches the 20 minutes low battery duration setting - and doesnt wait for both The UPS with the heavier load expends its entire battery but does not shutdown both UPSs and lets the load be switched across to the UPS that still has runtime remaining. That way when the UPS that still has runtime reaches its low battery duration it can proceed with the graceful shutdown via Powerchute. Hope that makes sense, any help is greatly appreciated!

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• How do hdparm's -S and -B options interact?

  - by user697683

  These two options seem confusing. For example: according to the man page -B 254 "does not permit spin-down". However, testing with -B 254 -S 1 the drive does spin down after 5 seconds. -B Query/set Advanced Power Management feature, if the drive supports it. A low value means aggressive power management and a high value means better performance. Possible settings range from values 1 through 127 (which permit spin-down), and values 128 through 254 (which do not permit spin-down). The highest degree of power management is attained with a setting of 1, and the highest I/O performance with a setting of 254. A value of 255 tells hdparm to disable Advanced Power Management altogether on the drive (not all drives support disabling it, but most do). -S Put the drive into idle (low-power) mode, and also set the standby (spindown) timeout for the drive. This timeout value is used by the drive to determine how long to wait (with no disk activity) before turning off the spindle motor to save power. Under such circumstances, the drive may take as long as 30 seconds to respond to a subsequent disk access, though most drives are much quicker. The encoding of the timeout value is somewhat peculiar. A value of zero means "timeouts are disabled": the device will not automatically enter standby mode. Values from 1 to 240 specify multiples of 5 seconds, yielding timeouts from 5 seconds to 20 minutes. Values from 241 to 251 specify from 1 to 11 units of 30 minutes, yielding timeouts from 30 minutes to 5.5 hours. A value of 252 signifies a timeout of 21 minutes. A value of 253 sets a vendor-defined timeout period between 8 and 12 hours, and the value 254 is reserved. 255 is interpreted as 21 minutes plus 15 seconds. Note that some older drives may have very different interpretations of these values.

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• Expand disk space on Ubuntu 10.04 (VMWare Guest)

  - by Jason Clawson

  I need to resize the disk space of an ubuntu guest in VMWare Workstation. After using the expand disk utility in vmware workstation, I need to do some linux magic to resize the parition. I have searched and found a lot of posts about resizing it. Unfortunately I don't really understand it all that well. Can anyone help me out with this? df -h gives me: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/ubuntu-root 19G 2.6G 16G 15% / none 496M 172K 495M 1% /dev none 500M 0 500M 0% /dev/shm none 500M 64K 500M 1% /var/run none 500M 0 500M 0% /var/lock none 500M 0 500M 0% /lib/init/rw none 19G 2.6G 16G 15% /var/lib/ureadahead/debugfs /dev/sda1 228M 36M 181M 17% /boot lvs says: LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert root ubuntu -wi-ao 18.88g swap_1 ubuntu -wi-ao 884.00m fdisk -l says: Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00033718 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 32 248832 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 32 2611 20719617 5 Extended /dev/sda5 32 2611 20719616 8e Linux LVM I really appreciate the help.

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• Probability of Blade Chassis Failure

  - by ChrisZZ

  In my organisation we are thinking about buying blade servers - instead of rack servers. Of course technology vendors also make them sound very nice. A concern, that I read very often in different forums, is, that there is a theoretical possibility of the server chassis going down - which would in consequence take all the blades down. That is due to shared infrastructure. My reaction on this probability would be to have redundancy and by two chassis instead of one (very costly of course). Some people (including e.g. HP Vendors) try to convince us, that the chassis is very very unlikely to fail, due to many redundancies (redundant power supply, etc.). Another concern on my side is, that if something goes down, spare parts might be required - which is difficult in our location (Ethiopia). So I would ask to experienced administrators, that have managed blade server: What is your experience? Do they go down as a whole - and what is the sensible shared infrastructure, that might fail? That question could be extended to shared storage. Again I would say, that we need two storage units instead of only one - and again the vendors say, that this things are so rock solid, that no failure is expected. Well - I can hardly believe, that such a critical infrastructure can be very reliable without redundancy - but maybe you can tell me, whether you have successfull blade-based projects, that work without redundancy in its core parts (chassis, storage...) At the moment, we look at HP - as IBM looks much to expensive... thanks a lot best regards Christian

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• What is the difference between the Linux and Linux LVM partition type?

  - by ujjain

  Fdisk shows multiple partition types. What is the difference between choosing 83) Linux and 8e) Linux LVM? Choosing 83) Linux also works fine for using LVM, even creating a physical volume on /dev/sdb without a partition table works. Does picking a partition type in fdisk really matter? What is the difference in picking Linux or Linux LVM as partition type? [root@tst-01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): l 0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris 1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx 5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data 6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / . 7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility 8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt 9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/ 10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b 11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor 12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor 14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary 16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS 17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE 18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto 1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep 1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT 1e Hidden W95 FAT1 Command (m for help):

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• Degraded RAID-5 array with lvm2 lost superblock and partition table

  - by Fred Phillips

  I have a RAID-5 array of 4x1TB hard disks with one lvm2 partition on Ubuntu Linux 10.04 LTS. One of the disks has failed. I have re-assembled the array without this failed disk but now mdadm --examine claims the array has no superblock and fdisk says it has no partition table. What can I do to recover the data? # mdadm -D /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Sat Mar 5 14:43:49 2011 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 2930276352 (2794.53 GiB 3000.60 GB) Used Dev Size : 976758784 (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Sat Mar 5 15:06:49 2011 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 3 Working Devices : 3 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 512K Name : boba:1 (local to host boba) UUID : 52eb4bc9:c3d8aab5:e0699505:e0e1aa05 Events : 18 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 1 8 65 1 active sync /dev/sde1 2 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd1 3 0 0 3 removed 4 8 17 - faulty spare /dev/sdb1 # mdadm --examine /dev/md0 mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/md0. # fdisk -l /dev/md0 Disk /dev/md0: 3000.6 GB, 3000602984448 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 732569088 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 524288 bytes / 1572864 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] md0 : active raid5 sdb1[4](F) sda1[0] sdd1[2] sde1[1] 2930276352 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/3] [UUU_] unused devices: <none>

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• systemd: enabling cherokee service as a `unit file`

  - by Calvin Cheng

  So I am learning how to use systemd to initialize my services automatically on server reboot. So of course, I first make sure I have systemd and some optional systemd related packages installed. pacman -S systemd initscripts-systemd Installation seems to go well and checking, I can see that systemd and its dependency libsystemd are installed. And the optional package initscripts-systemd is also installed:- [root@li280-195 ~]# pacman -Ss systemd extra/libsystemd 44-5 [installed] systemd client libraries extra/systemd 44-5 [installed] system and service manager extra/systemd-sysvcompat 2-2 sysvinit compat symlinks for systemd community/initscripts-systemd 20120412-1 [installed] Arch specific systemd initialization/bootup scripts for systemd community/systemd-arch-units 20120412-2 Arch specific Systemd unit files Next, I ensure that systemd is loaded up when my server reboots, via grub in grub's /boot/grub/menu.lst file like this:- kernel /boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/xvda ro init=/bin/systemd Rebooting my server to check, all loads up well and I can check that systemd is operational via:- systemctl list-unit-files However, I don't see my cherokee initialization script (which is simply created at /etc/rc.d/cherokee when I installed cherokee earlier via pacman -S cherokee) being listed as one of my unit files. So the question is, how do I do that? How do I put my cherokee initialization script under systemd's control?

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• /etc/security/limits.conf for setting program limits in Linux

  - by Flavius Akerele

  I have the following inside /etc/security/limits.conf (I have specified root separately because * will not include it.) user2 - core unlimited * - core 0 root - core 0 * - rss 512000 root - rss 512000 * - nproc 100 root - nproc 100 * - maxlogins 1 root - maxlogins 1 I run a program as user2 (./programname) but /proc/3498/limits says cores are disabled: Limit Soft Limit Hard Limit Units Max cpu time unlimited unlimited seconds Max file size unlimited unlimited bytes Max data size unlimited unlimited bytes Max stack size 8388608 unlimited bytes Max core file size 0 0 bytes Max resident set 524288000 524288000 bytes Max processes 100 100 processes Max open files 1024 1024 files Max locked memory 65536 65536 bytes Max address space unlimited unlimited bytes Max file locks unlimited unlimited locks Max pending signals 14001 14001 signals Max msgqueue size 819200 819200 bytes Max nice priority 0 0 Max realtime priority 0 0 Max realtime timeout unlimited unlimited us Both ulimit -Sa and ulimit -Ha output that cores are disabled: core file size (blocks, -c) 0 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited scheduling priority (-e) 0 file size (blocks, -f) unlimited pending signals (-i) 14001 max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64 max memory size (kbytes, -m) 512000 open files (-n) 1024 pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8 POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200 real-time priority (-r) 0 stack size (kbytes, -s) unlimited cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited max user processes (-u) 100 virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited file locks (-x) unlimited Why are cores disabled ?

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• Anyone else experiencing high rates of linux server crashes today?

  - by Bron Gondwana

  Just today, Sat June 30th - starting soon after the start of the day GMT. We've had a handful of blades in different datacentres as managed by different teams all go dark - not responding to pings, screen blank. They're all running Debian Squeeze - with everything from stock kernel to custom 3.2.21 builds. Most are Dell M610 blades, but I've also just lost a Dell R510 and other departments have lost machines from other vendors too. There was also an older IBM x3550 which crashed and which I thought might be unrelated, but now I'm wondering. The one crash which I did get a screen dump from said: [3161000.864001] BUG: spinlock lockup on CPU#1, ntpd/3358 [3161000.864001] lock: ffff88083fc0d740, .magic: dead4ead, .owner: imapd/24737, .owner_cpu: 0 Unfortunately the blades all supposedly had kdump configured, but they died so hard that kdump didn't trigger - and they had console blanking turned on. I've disabled console blanking now, so fingers crossed I'll have more information after the next crash. Just want to know if it's a common thread or "just us". It's really odd that they're different units in different datacentres bought at different times and run by different admins (I run the FastMail.FM ones)... and now even different vendor hardware. Most of the machines which crashed had been up for weeks/months and were running 3.1 or 3.2 series kernels. The most recent crash was a machine which had only been up about 6 hours running 3.2.21.

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• convert a logical partition to a primary partition

  - by ant2009

  Hello, Fedora 14 xfce I have the following partition setup. I would like to know how can I convert the logical partition sda6 to a primary partition. Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1707a8a5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1026048 205844479 102409216 83 Linux /dev/sda3 205844480 214228991 4192256 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda4 214228992 625141759 205456384 5 Extended /dev/sda5 214231040 573562879 179665920 83 Linux /dev/sda6 573564928 625141759 25788416 7 HPFS/NTFS Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 97G 5.0G 91G 6% / tmpfs 494M 176K 494M 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 485M 68M 392M 15% /boot /dev/sda5 169G 26G 135G 16% /home # partition table of /dev/sda unit: sectors /dev/sda1 : start= 2048, size= 1024000, Id=83 /dev/sda2 : start= 1026048, size=204818432, Id=83 /dev/sda3 : start=205844480, size= 8384512, Id=82 /dev/sda4 : start=214228992, size=410912768, Id= 5 /dev/sda5 : start=214231040, size=359331840, Id=83 /dev/sda6 : start=573564928, size= 51576832, Id= 7 I would like to convert sda6 to a primary partition, the reason for this it to install windows 7 starter. Many thanks for any suggestions,

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• Why I cannot copy install.wim from Windows 7 ISO to USB (in linux env)

  - by fastreload

  I need to make a USB bootable disk of Windows 7 ISO. My USB is formatted to NTFS, ISO is not corrupt. I can copy install.wim elsewhere but I cannot copy it to USB. I even tried rsync. rsync error sources/install.wim rsync: writefd_unbuffered failed to write 4 bytes to socket [sender]: Broken pipe (32) rsync: write failed on "/media/52E866F5450158A4/sources/install.wim": Input/output error (5) rsync error: error in file IO (code 11) at receiver.c(322) [receiver=3.0.8] Stat for windows.vim File: `X15-65732 (2)/sources/install.wim' Size: 2188587580 Blocks: 4274600 IO Block: 4096 regular file Device: 801h/2049d Inode: 671984 Links: 1 Access: (0664/-rw-rw-r--) Uid: ( 1000/ umur) Gid: ( 1000/ umur) Access: 2011-10-17 22:59:54.754619736 +0300 Modify: 2009-07-14 12:26:40.000000000 +0300 Change: 2011-10-17 22:55:47.327358410 +0300 fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdd: 8103 MB, 8103395328 bytes 196 heads, 32 sectors/track, 2523 cylinders, total 15826944 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xc3072e18 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 * 32 15826943 7913456 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT hdparm -I /dev/sdd: SG_IO: bad/missing sense data, sb[]: 70 00 05 00 00 00 00 0a 00 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ATA device, with non-removable media Model Number: UF?F?A????U]r???U u??tF?f?`~ Serial Number: ?@??~| Firmware Revision: ????V? Media Serial Num: $I?vnladip raititnot baelErrrol aoidgn Media Manufacturer: o eparitgns syetmiM Standards: Used: unknown (minor revision code 0x0c75) Supported: 12 8 6 Likely used: 12 Configuration: Logical max current cylinders 17218 0 heads 0 0 sectors/track 128 0 -- Logical/Physical Sector size: 512 bytes device size with M = 1024*1024: 0 MBytes device size with M = 1000*1000: 0 MBytes cache/buffer size = unknown Capabilities: IORDY(may be)(cannot be disabled) Queue depth: 11 Standby timer values: spec'd by Vendor R/W multiple sector transfer: Max = 0 Current = ? Recommended acoustic management value: 254, current value: 62 DMA: not supported PIO: unknown * reserved 69[0] * reserved 69[1] * reserved 69[3] * reserved 69[4] * reserved 69[7] Security: Master password revision code = 60253 not supported not enabled not locked not frozen not expired: security count not supported: enhanced erase 71112min for SECURITY ERASE UNIT. 172min for ENHANCED SECURITY ERASE UNIT. Integrity word not set (found 0xaa55, expected 0x80a5)

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• Allignment of ext3 partition on LVM RAID volume group

  - by John P

  I'm trying to add a partition on a LVM that resides on a RAID6 volume group and fdisk is complaining about the partition not residing on a physical sector boundry. My question is, how do you calculate the correct starting sector for a partition on a LVM? This partition will be formated ext3. Would it be better to just format the LVM directly instead of creating a new partition? Disk /dev/dedvol/backup: 2199.0 GB, 2199023255552 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 267349 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 1048576 bytes / 8388608 bytes Disk identifier: 0x4e428f49 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/dedvol/backup1 63 267349 2146982827+ 83 Linux Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. lvdisplay /dev/dedvol/backup --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/dedvol/backup VG Name dedvol LV UUID OV2n5j-7LHb-exJL-t8dI-dU8A-2vxf-uIicCt LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 2.00 TiB Current LE 524288 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 32768 Block device 253:1 vgdisplay dedvol --- Volume group --- VG Name dedvol System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 3 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 1 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 14.55 TiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 3815448 Alloc PE / Size 3670016 / 14.00 TiB Free PE / Size 145432 / 568.09 GiB VG UUID 8fBcOk-aXGx-P3Qy-VVpJ-0zK1-fQgy-Cb691J

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• Why does this loopback device creation malfunction?

  - by user50118

  The stackoverflow people thought this was more appropriate here, I put it there as it is part of a program but I can see their POV, so here it is: At the bottom of the code you can see it failing. In fact, I'll put it here at the start too because it is the problem I need to solve: [350591.924819] EXT4-fs (loop0): bad geometry: block count 9750806 exceeds size of device (9750168 blocks) I don't understand why the device is supposedly too small. I made this partition two days ago with normal fdisk, it was created and formatted with ext4 supplying no options other than the partition (/dev/sdb2) to format. The only explaination I can think of is that ext4 has the size of the partition wrong somehow but that seems very unlikely. What is wrong with my math? The offset is correct, you can see that with the file command, and the size should be correct too because End - Start comes to the same number of sectors minus 1, just like it should (A disk starting on sector 1 and ending on sector 2 would be 2 - 1 = 1 and have two sectors). # sfdisk -luS /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 9729 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track Units = sectors of 512 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End #sectors Id System /dev/sdb2 78295040 156296384 78001345 83 Linux # losetup -r -f --show -o $((78295040 * 512)) --sizelimit $((78001345 * 512)) /dev/sdb /dev/loop0 # file -s /dev/loop0 /dev/loop0: Linux rev 1.0 ext4 filesystem data (needs journal recovery) (extents) (large files) (huge files) # mount -o ro -t ext4 /dev/loop0 /mnt mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/loop0, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so # dmesg | tail -n 1 [350591.924819] EXT4-fs (loop0): bad geometry: block count 9750806 exceeds size of device (9750168 blocks)

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