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• Rpm removal does not remove delivered dirs and leaves garbage

  - by Jim

  I deliver an application via an RPM. This application delivers various directories and files. E.g. under /opt/internal/com a file structure is being copied. I was expecting that on rpm -e all the file structure delivered under /opt/internal/com will be removed. But it does not. There are directories in the file structure that are non-empty. Is this the reason? But these (non-empty) directories were created by the RPM installation. So I would expect that they would be "owned" by RPM and removed automatically. Is this wrong? Am I supposed to remove them manually?

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• rsync not writing files

  - by Cyrcle

  I'm trying to setup rsync to backup a remote directory to my local drive. I cd to the directory that I want to pull the files to, then I enter: rsync -vrtW [email protected]:~/public_html I enter the password then it starts running. I get all the files listed, but none of them actually transfer. What am I missing? Thanks

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• iptables rule for forwarding outbound traffic

  - by Claudiu

  I am trying to forward the outbound traffic to another server. Current rule is: /sbin/iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -s localhost -o 91.xxx.xxx.xxx --dport 65000:65010 -j ACCEPT but when I do a iptables -L, the rule its showed like this: ACCEPT tcp -- localhost.localdomain anywhere tcp dpts:65000:65010 So I guess my rule is bad written since the "destination" column shows "anywhere" Can you help me with this?

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• How to set the laptop screen brightness programatically?

  - by zls

  I'm currently migrating to openbox without gnome session. In unity i can use the vendor keys to set the screen brightness, but in openbox I'm on my own. /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness works fine, the problem is that I need sudo to set the brightness and that wouldn't work with keyboard mappings. xbacklight -get/set doesn't do or output anything. I don't really want to use xrandr --brightness. Are there any other options or a way to fix the problems with xbacklight or acpi_video0 ?

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• Configuring snedmail to forward mail for a specific domain to a specific mail server without using M

  - by aHunter

  I am new to sendmail and would like to configure sendmail to forward all mail for a specific email address to another internal mail server. I need it to ignore the MX records and only send it to the server I specify but am not sure which files to edit or how to configure the sendmail config. Is it sufficiant to add the server to the /etc/hosts and the /etc/mail/local-host-names files? Thanks in advance.

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• Recommendations for a PDF reader with "web browser"-like navigation.

  - by Tshepang

  Am looking for a PDF reader that can navigate PDF files like a web browser (IE, when I click a link that takes me to another part of the doc, I should be able to go back by pressing Ctrl+left arrow). I am using Debian.

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• How to restrict all services to single domain in Ubuntu?

  - by harold

  Someone has pointed an unknown domain to my server's IP address likely via A records. I would like to reject access to ALL services (httpd, ssh, mail, etc.) from this domain and only allow requests from my domain. I want to make it so when I connect to that domain it's completely rejected from my server. I can disallow access from HTTP by changing my web server settings, but I want to do this for every single type of connection. How can I do this?

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• What kind of issues would occur if resolve.conf had no dns servers set?

  - by Stuart Woodward

  I want to create a server for a customer and have that customer finish the configuration for themselves. It was been decided that rather than setting default DNS servers (i.e. something like Google's) that the customer should enter the information by themselves. I assume that the customer is technically competent enough to do this. If however they forget or neglect to set this up they might spend some time trying to figure out what is wrong and eventually contact support. (In this case, I think that setting a default might have been better.) Apart from the obvious inability to resolve hosts, what other issues might they face until they have set valid dns servers in resolve.conf?

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• lilo.conf questions

  - by Jack

  I use lilo, and have two different kernels. One is newer and use KMS with it. What I would like to do, is to be able to set vga=xxx for only one of the kernels. Is this possible? I would also like to be able to code into lilo.conf options that I pass on the commandline, but am unsure how to do this

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• Xorg configuration file on Debian Testing

  - by nubicurio

  I cannot find the Xorg configuration file on my newly installed Debian on my tablet-pc, so I followed this tutorial http://wiki.debian.org/Xorg and ran the command "Xorg -configure", to which I got the following error messages: (EE) Failed to load module "vmwgfx" (module does not exist, 0) (EE) vmware: Please ignore the above warnings about not being able to load module/driver vmwgfx (++) Using config file: "/root/xorg.conf.new" (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d" FATAL: Module fbcon not found. Number of created screens does not match number of detected devices. Configuration failed. Dose anyone know what this means and how I should proceed? Why is there a warning about vmware, and what is this fbcon module?

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• Explanation of command to uppercase the first letter of a file

  - by hazielquake

  Hi I'm trying to learn to rename files with the command line, and after browsing around a lot of pages I finally found a command that uppercases the first letter of a file, but the problem is that I want to understand the meaning of each command. The command is: for i in *; do new=echo "$i" | sed -e 's/^./\U&/'; mv "$i" "$new";done I understand the 'for' kinda... but not the 'echo' or '`' and especially the sed command. if someone has a little patience to explain the meaning of each thing that'd be awesome! Thanks!

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• $DISPLAY dependent gtk themes

  - by Vlad Seghete

  I have a computer at home that I log into remotely. The "monitor" for it is a TV, so I want gtk applications to use a large font and icon theme, which I managed to do by editing the ~/.gtkrc-2.0 file and some other similar stuff. What I want to be able to do is have a separate theme for when I'm logging in remotely. The best way to explain is that I would like my gtk theme choice to be dependent on the X display that the application is started on. For example, if I start something on :0.0 then that is the TV and I want large fonts, but if I start it on localhost:10.0 I want to use a regular size font, because it will get rendered on my laptop screen. The elegant solution would be to have some sort of IF statement in the .gtkrc-2.0 file that checks the $DISPLAY variable and behaves accordingly. The problem is I can't find any documentation on control structures in .gktrc files, or if it's even possible to do that.

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• Failing SSHFS connection drags down the system

  - by skerit

  From time to time my sshfs mount fails. All programs using the mount freeze when it happens. I can't even ls anything or use nautilus. Is there a way to find out what's the cause and how to handle it? I've noticed regular SSH sessions to the server get their fair share of Write failed: broken pipe disconnects, too. If I wait long enough (and I'm talking about 20-ish minutes, here) it will auto reconnect and things start working again.

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• Raid 5 GPT Partitioning

  - by user39325

  I have a Dell Poweredge r710 server with five 1 TB disks. All of them are in RAID 5. I was trying to install Centos but it says "Your boot partition is on disk using GPT Partition..." I read somewhere that centos can't install on a disk larger than 2TB, so I made some partitions smaller, but it's not working. PS, I am going to install Proxmox on that, but Proxmox also won't accept disks larger than 2TB.

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• sendmail appends server name to external domains when relaying

  - by Chris

  My server is set to send all email to a corporate relay server. For the company domain, it works perfectly. I've recently found emails being sent to an outside domain are getting the hostname of my server appended to the email prior to being sent. Here is the log entry for one such attempt. Nov 6 09:46:45 myservername sendmail[45023]: rA6EkjiI045023: [email protected], delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=30590, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (rA6Ekj2g045037 Message accepted for delivery) Nov 6 09:46:45 myservername sendmail[45061]: rA6Ekj2g045037: to=<[email protected]>, delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=120885, relay=relay.company.com [x.x.x.x], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (ok: Message 342335947 accepted) Notice the email address difference between it being accepted by my server for delivery (correct email address), and being sent and accepted by the corporate relay (incorrect with server name appended). To make it more interesting, the application on my server uses email for user account verification/activation. In August, this particular user was able to register his account and activate it. I have made no configuration changes to mail since setting the server up over a year ago. DNS is also a corporate service. I've never touched my /etc/resolv.conf configuration. domain company.com nameserver <ip1> nameserver <ip2> search myservername Thanks!

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• Using screen to monitor non-interactive scripts (or some other solution)

  - by Michael

  I have some autonomous scripts that run commands on remote machines over ssh. These scripts rely on getting stdout, stderr, and the return code of each command run. I want to be able to monitor the progress of the scripts on each target machine so that I can see if something has hung and possibly intervene if necessary. My initial idea was to have the scripts run commands in a screen session, so that the person monitoring could simply attach to the session with screen -x. However, it was hard to do that from a script since screen is an interactive program. I can send a command to the screen session with screen -S session -X stuff "command^M", but then I don't get the output and return code that I need back. My second idea was to put script /path/to/log in ~/.bash_profile and log the entire session to a file. Then the monitoring person could simply tail the log file. However, this doesn't provide the interactivity that I was looking for. Any ideas on how to solve this problem?

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• grep + sed for find & replace fun!

  - by Jim Greenleaf

  I have a dev copy of a website set up that has quite a few hardcoded references to its live counterpart. I would like to replace all occurrences of "www." with "dev." in all files. I think I can use a combination of grep + sed, but I'm not sure how.

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• ip route add HOMEIP via SERVERIP disconnects me from ssh

  - by Arya

  I want to use a vpn connection on my Debian server but I get disconnected from ssh if I connect to the vpn. I thought by using the "ip route add" I can prevent getting disconnected from my server and it will continue to use the main connection for communication between my computer and the server, and the vpn for communication with other ips. This is the command I use ip route add PUBLICHOMEIP via PUBLICSERVERIP But I get disconnected after the "ip route add" command too. Am I making a mistake anywhere?

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• Url rewrite rule

  - by vvr

  How to redirect a page form show.php?id=(15charstring) to show/(15charstring) I tried like this it is doing reverse means it is redirecting /show/(15chars) to show.php?id=(15chars) RewriteEngine on RewriteRule ^/show/([a-zA-Z0-9]{15})$ http://site.com/show.php?id=$1 Second case is i have to redirect to another page if he added &m=true to the url show.php?id=(15chars)&m=true html/show.php?id=(15chars).

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• How to fix Ubuntu 10.10 black screen from terminal?

  - by none

  I'm trying to install Ubuntu Desktop 10.10 on an Intel Atom mainboard (Intel D945GCLF2) with CRT that has been running Ubuntu 9.x previously. Both, Desktop live CD / installer and alternate install CD cause the screen to go black (and the status LED blinks). I was able to get a bit further into the boot process with nomodeset as parameter with the Live CD, unfortunately I can't pass GRUB any parameters now that I have used the alternate Install CD by pressing 'e', it just boots. So now I have Ubuntu installed, I get a terminal with CTRL-ALT-F1 but I don't know what I need to do now or how to adjust resolution or video settings from command line.

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• Allow outgoing connections for DNS

  - by Jimmy

  I'm new to IPtables, but I am trying to setup a secure server to host a website and allow SSH. This is what I have so far: #!/bin/sh i=/sbin/iptables # Flush all rules $i -F $i -X # Setup default filter policy $i -P INPUT DROP $i -P OUTPUT DROP $i -P FORWARD DROP # Respond to ping requests $i -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type any -j ACCEPT # Force SYN checks $i -A INPUT -p tcp ! --syn -m state --state NEW -j DROP # Drop all fragments $i -A INPUT -f -j DROP # Drop XMAS packets $i -A INPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL ALL -j DROP # Drop NULL packets $i -A INPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL NONE -j DROP # Stateful inspection $i -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT # Allow established connections $i -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # Allow unlimited traffic on loopback $i -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT $i -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT # Open nginx $i -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT $i -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT # Open SSH $i -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT However I've locked down my outgoing connections and it means I can't resolve any DNS. How do I allow that? Also, any other feedback is appreciated. James

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• What is the bash syntax to create a new directory in the directory above?

  - by mozerella

  I aim to make a script for mogrify. The mogrify command will resize images in a directory and put the resized images into a directory on the same directory level, with the same name as the work directory, but with a suffix (_a). The new directory will be moved to another collection later on. Something like this, #!/bin/bash mkdir ../n_a for file in *{.JPG|.jpg}; do mogrify -path ../n_a -resize 1200x1200 -quality 96;done I'm guessing ../ denotes the parent dir when working in a child directory, but I need help here. Edit: "n" needs to be replaced with the syntax for the working directory name. Sorry there was a typo as well third script line, should have read n not x Edit2: This script does exactly what I need and it's silent. #!/bin/bash DEST="../${PWD##*/}_a" mkdir -p $DEST mogrify -path $DEST -resize 1200x1200 -quality 96 *.jpg *.JPG thanks to vgoff for the correct PWD syntax and cesareriva http://www.cesareriva.com/archives/722 for showing me the DEST function. Something else: ${PWD##*/}_a is not caring for spaces in the directory name and the script fails. An empty dir is created in the same dir as the images. Found it out now, it needs quotations on the $DEST too, presumably to help mkdir create the dir with a space in the name, and mogrify to write the files to the right place, like this #!/bin/bash DEST="../${PWD##*/}_a" mkdir -p "$DEST" mogrify -path "$DEST" -resize 1200x1200 -quality 96 *.jpg *.JPG

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• Display CPU usage separately (without root privileges)

  - by synaptik

  I need to display the CPU usage for each processing core on a single shared-memory 12-core (SMP) machine. I don't have access to install htop, else I would simply use that. I don't need fancy graphs or meters, though they would be nice. For example, simply displaying: X X X X X X X X X X X X where each X is the percentage utilization of 1 of the 12 processing cores on my machine. FYI: I know I can simply look at the utilization in "top" and divide that number by the number of cores on my machine, but I prefer a solution that shows each core separately.

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• File permissions on web server

  - by plua

  I have just read this useful article on files permissions, and I am about to implement a as-strict-as-possible file permissions policy on our webserver. Our situation: we have a web server accessed through sftp by different users from within our company, and we have the general public accessing Apache - sometimes uploading files through PHP. I distinguish folders and files by their use. So based on this reading, here is my plan: All people who need to upload files will have separate users. But all of those users will belong to two groups: uploaders, and webserver. Apache will belong to the group webserver. Directories Permission: 771 Owner: user:uploaders Explanation: to access files in the folder, everybody needs to have execute permission. Only uploaders will be adding/removing files, so they also get r+w permission. Files within the web-root Permission: 664 Owner: user:uploaders Explanation: they will be uploaded and changed by different users, so both owner and group need to have w+r permissions. Webserver needs to only read files, so r permission only. Upload-directories Permission: 771 Owner: user:webserver Explanation: when files need to be uploaded, Apache needs to be able to write to this directory. But I figure it is safer to change the owner to webroot, thus giving Apache sufficient privileges (and all uploaders also belong to this group and will have the same permissions), while safeguarding from "others" writing to this folder. Uploaded files Permission: 664 Owner: user:webserver Explanation: after uploading Apache might need to delete files, but this is no problem because they have w+r permission of the folder. So no need to make this file any more accessible than r access for group. Being not an expert on file permissions, my question is whether or not this is the best possible policy for our situation? Any suggestions welcome.

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• Mark packets across computers?

  - by eudemo

  I use Transmission on Ubuntu and I'm having this issue, which basically says that QoS is broken because there is no way to limit which outgoing ports uses. I was thinking of doing a dirty and ugly hack and create an interface alias and define QoS based on source address, but was wondering if is there another way. Is it possible to mark the packets on the original machine in some way, using the owner and mark modules of iptables and sending this to the router who does the QoS? From what I understand, mark on iptables only applies to the local machine, so this will not work, but is there another way?

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