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• What does *:* in netstat output stands for?

  - by chello

  While executing the command /usr/sbin/lsof -l -i -P -n under root user, I am getting this output. COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME ... httpd 9164 70 3u IPv4 0x2f70270 0t0 TCP 127.0.0.1:9010 (LISTEN) httpd 9164 70 4u IPv6 0x25af4bc 0t0 TCP *:80 (LISTEN) httpd 9164 70 5u IPv4 0x3149e64 0t0 TCP *:* (CLOSED) httpd 9180 70 3u IPv4 0x2f70270 0t0 TCP 127.0.0.1:9010 (LISTEN) httpd 9180 70 4u IPv6 0x25af4bc 0t0 TCP *:80 (LISTEN) httpd 9180 70 5u IPv4 0x3149e64 0t0 TCP *:* (CLOSED) Please let me know what does *:* stands for? I am interested to know both the ipaddress and port fields. Also what does (CLOSED) mean here?

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• Snort monitoring of spanning interface

  - by aHunter

  I have configured a Cisco 3500 switch with a port SPAN and have my snort node (fedora 13) plugged into it. I am running snort as a daemon and have configured a rule to log all tcp traffic but I am only seeing traffic with a destination of the snort node. I know that the SPAN port is working and wanted to know if there is a specific option that I needed to start snort with in order for it to pickup all the traffic? Or is there something that I have missed here? Many thanks.

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• scsi and ata entries for same hard drive under /dev/disk/by-id

  - by John Dibling

  I am trying to set up a ZFS pool using 4 bare drives which I have attached to my Ubuntu system via a SATA hot swap backplane. These are Hitachi SATA drives. When I list the contents of /dev/disk/by-id, I see two entries for each drive: root@scorpius:/dev/disk/by-id# ls | grep Hitachi ata-Hitachi_HDS5C3030ALA630_MJ1323YNG0ZJ7C ata-Hitachi_HDS5C3030ALA630_MJ1323YNG1064C ata-Hitachi_HDS5C3030ALA630_MJ1323YNG190AC ata-Hitachi_HDS5C3030ALA630_MJ1323YNG1DGPC scsi-SATA_Hitachi_HDS5C30_MJ1323YNG0ZJ7C scsi-SATA_Hitachi_HDS5C30_MJ1323YNG1064C scsi-SATA_Hitachi_HDS5C30_MJ1323YNG190AC scsi-SATA_Hitachi_HDS5C30_MJ1323YNG1DGPC I know these are the same drives because I wrote down the serial numbers, and all the other drives in this system are either Seagate or WD. The serial number for the first one, for example, is YNG0ZJ7C. Why are there two entries here for each drive? More to the point, when I create my ZFS pool which one should I use; the scsi- one or the ata- one?

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• How do you get autofs and updatedb to work together?

  - by Veek.M

  /etc/my.misc sda1 -fstype=ntfs,user,exec :/dev/sda1 sda3 -fstype=ntfs,user,exec :/dev/sda3 sda4 -fstype=ntfs,user,exec :/dev/sda4 /etc/auto.master /my /etc/my.misc --ghost When I run locate .pdf, I get nothing because though the mount points (sda1, sda2, ..) are created in /my - there's nothing in them till I access them. Unfortunately this is not good enough for updatedb and it purges its cache of /my/sdaX files. How do I prevent/solve this problem?

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• How to use ccache selectively?

  - by Anonymous

  I have to compile multiple versions of an app written in C++ and I think to use ccache for speeding up the process. ccache howtos have examples which suggest to create symlinks named gcc, g++ etc and make sure they appear in PATH before the original gcc binaries, so ccache is used instead. So far so good, but I'd like to use ccache only when compiling this particular app, not always. Of course, I can write a shell script that will try to create these symlinks every time I want to compile the app and will delete them when the app is compiled. But this looks like filesystem abuse to me. Are there better ways to use ccache selectively, not always? For compilation of a single source code file, I could just manually call ccache instead of gcc and be done, but I have to deal with a complex app that uses an automated build system for multiple source code files.

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• Understanding ulimit -u

  - by tripleee

  I'd like to understand what's going on here. linvx$ ( ulimit -u 123; /bin/echo nst ) nst linvx$ ( ulimit -u 122; /bin/echo nst ) -bash: fork: Resource temporarily unavailable Terminated linvx$ ( ulimit -u 123; /bin/echo one; /bin/echo two; /bin/echo three ) one two three linvx$ ( ulimit -u 123; /bin/echo one & /bin/echo two & /bin/echo three ) -bash: fork: Resource temporarily unavailable Terminated one I speculate that the first 122 processes are consumed by Bash itself, and that the remaining ulimit governs how many concurrent processes I am allowed to have. The documentation is not very clear on this. Am I missing something? More importantly, for a real-world deployment, how can I know what sort of ulimit is realistic? It's a long-running daemon which spawns worker threads on demand, and reaps them when the load decreases. I've had it spin the server to its death a few times. The most important limit is probably memory, which I have now limited to 200M per process, but I'd like to figure out how I can enforce a limit on the number of children (the program does allow me to configure a maximum, but how do I know there are no bugs in that part of the code?)

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• setting up a samba PDC -error with testparm

  - by Rungano

  Hi guys I have installed a samba PDC but when I test the samba configurations file I am getting errors like these, "Invalid combination of parameters for service homes. Map system can only work if create mask includes octal 010 (S_IXGRP)." My Configuration file is as follows [homes] comment = Home Directories path = /home_srv1/%u valid users = %S read only = No create mask = 0660 directory mask = 0770 browseable = No I tried to google but with no luck, Serverfault is always my best hope. Thanks for helping out.

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• How to find the process(es) which are hogging the machine

  - by Aaron Digulla

  Scenario: All of a sudden, my computer feels sluggish. Mouse moves but windows take ages to open, etc. uptime says the load is 7.69 and raising. What is the fastest way to find out which process(es) are the cause of the load? Now, "top" and similar tools isn't the answer because they either show CPU or memory usage but not both at the same time. What I need is the single command which I might be able to type as it happens - something that will figure out any of System is trying to swap 8GB of RAM to disk because process X ... or process X seeks all over the disk or process X uses 400% CPU" So what I'm looking for is iostat, htop/atop and similar tools run into one with an output like this: 1235 cp - Disk trashing 87 chrome - Uses 2&nbsp;GB of RAM 137 nfs_bench - Uses 95% of the network bandwidth I don't want a tool that gives me some numbers which I can analyze but a tool that tells me exactly which process causes the current load. Assume that the user in front of the keyboard barely knows how to write "process", but the user is quickly overwhelmed when it comes to "resident size", "virtual memory" or "process life cycle". My argument goes like this: A user notices a problem. There can be thousands of reasons ... well, almost :-) The user wants to know the source of the problem. The current solutions give me lots of numbers, and I need to know what these numbers mean. What I'm looking for is a meta tool. 99% of the data is irrelevant to the problem. So what the tool should do is look for processes which hog some resource and list only those along with "this process needs a lot of CPU, this produces many IRQs, this process allocates a lot of RAM (and it's still growing)". This will be a relatively short list. It will be much more simple for someone new to this to locate the culprit from this list than from the output of, say, htop which gives me about 5000 numbers but requires me to fold multi-threaded processes myself (I have 50 lines which say VIRT 2750M but only 16 GB of RAM - the machine ought to swap itself to death but of course, this is a misinterpretation of the data that can happen quickly).

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• replace nth occurence of string in each line of a text file

  - by dnkb

  I have large text files with space delimited strings (2-5). The strings can contain "'" or "-". I'd like to replace say the second space with a pipe. What's the best way to go? Using sed I was thinking of this: sed -r 's/(^[a-z'-]+ [a-z'-]+\b) /\1|/' filename.txt Any other/better/simpler ideas? Thank you

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• mutt isn't sending large messages

  - by Guy

  I'm using mutt in the following way: echo <MESSAGE> | mutt -s <SUBJECT> -- <TO-ADDR> This usually works when I try small message (messages with ~10 lines in the body). But when trying very large message (a message with ~200 lines) the email just isn't received. Any ideas?

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• Backing up to smaller drive

  - by Dave

  In a few hours I'll have a new 500GB Sony laptop, filled with the usual Sony rubbish which I'll promptly be replacing with Ubuntu or Crunchbang or something. However, first I want to make a full clone of the drive (including recovery partitions), should I wish to return it to Sony or sell it on in its factory state. The problem is that the only backup drives I have are less than 500GB - the biggest I have is 250GB or so! So I need to backup and compress on-the-fly. What's the best way to do this? Presumably dd piped into gzip would do the trick, or does anyone have any other suggestions to accomplish this?

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• What Logs / Process Stats to monitor on a Ubuntu FTP server?

  - by Adam Salkin

  I am administering a server with Ubuntu Server which is running pureFTP. So far all is well, but I would like to know what I should be monitoring so that I can spot any potential stability and security issues. I'm not looking for sophisticated software, more an idea of what logs and process statistics are most useful for checking on the health of the system. I'm thinking that I can look at various parameters output from the "ps" command and compare to see if I have things like memory leaks. But I would like to know what experienced admins do. Also, how do I do a disk check so that when I reboot, I don't get a message saying something like "disk not checked for x days, forcing check" which delays the reboot? I assume there is command that I can run as a cron job late at night. How often should it be run? What things should I be looking at to spot intrusion attempts? The only shell access is SSH on a non-standard port through UFW firewall, and I regularly do a grep on auth.log for "Fail" or "Invalid". Is there anything else I should look at? I was logging the firewall (UFW) but I have very few open ports (FTP and SSH on a non standard port) so looking at lists of IP's that have been blocked did not seem useful. Many thanks

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• haproxy backend default location

  - by magd1

  If you go to www.company.com, I want it to redirect to /something/something on my server, but the URL still shows www.company.com Is this possible in haproxy? backend new_marketing_server *** set default URL to /something/something*** mode http balance roundrobin timeout server 10m option httpclose server server1 10.86.151.142:80 minconn 32000 maxconn 3200 check port 80 inter 2000 server server2 10.122.13.189:80 minconn 32000 maxconn 3200 check port 80 inter 2000

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• Microsoft dans le top 20 des contributeurs au noyau Linux, 75% du code fourni par des développeurs rémunérés

  Microsoft dans le top 20 des contributeurs au noyau Linux 75% du code fourni par des développeurs rémunérés La publication de la liste des contributeurs au noyau Linux vient confirmer une fois de plus que Microsoft voit en l'open source une opportunité plus qu'une menace. L'éditeur qui a déjà pris l'initiative de passer plusieurs de ses projets en open source et d'accepter pour la première fois des contributions externes pour certains, se hisse dans le top 20 des contributeurs au noyau Linux depuis la version ...

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• Apache intermittently aborting requests

  - by Adam Phillips

  I have just been dealing with a problem whereby http requests are being aborted, seemingly at random. On any particular page in the website, when you opened a page, a number of the assets (img, css, etc) failed to load. If you refreshed, the page may work fine, the same set of assets may fail to load or different assets may fail to load. The net tab in firefox was returning 'Aborted' in the HTTP status code column for the failed assets, even tho in the case of images, the image previews were still working. There was nothing in any of the apache logs about the requests that failed, however since it seemed to point to an apache issue, we restarted apache. The first time we tried, it made no difference but about 10 minutes later, in the absence of a better solution we tried again. Bizarrely, the problem disappeared immeadiately. So now the site seems to be running fine again but its rather unsettling, both the intermittent nature of the problem and the lack of an explanation for its resolution. Has anyone seen anything like this before and if so did you find out the reason behind it? Many Thanks

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• Where to get the network NIC's firmware rtl_nic/rtl8105e-1.fw?

  - by Kyrol

  Im installing Debian testing version wheezy on my Asus X53Sc with Intel Centrino Wireless-N 100. Im having a problem with my wifi connection. When I try to connect to internet with the wireless connection, an error occurs: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8105e-1.fw for module r8169. I installed successfully the iwlwifi-100-5.ucode, but now I have this error. Any ideas or suggestions to resolve the problem ?

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• Can't create LVM due to: not found (or ignored by filtering)

  - by James

  I'm planning to use LVM for KVM, and when I try to create a VG it fails, so how can I create my VG and LV ? Thanks [root@server ~]# vgcreate virtual-machines /dev/sda Device /dev/sda not found (or ignored by filtering). Unable to add physical volume '/dev/sda' to volume group 'virtual-machines'. [root@server ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 2.0T 929G 976G 49% / tmpfs 3.9G 124K 3.9G 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 194M 57M 128M 31% /boot [root@server ~]# pvscan No matching physical volumes found

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• php extensions & apache mods gone/not working after server restart?

  - by user1782359

  I was wondering if anyone has ever come across this before, as I'm pretty stumped to be honest, and my server admin knowledge isn't particular good so I'm not sure what could even be wrong, let alone how to fix it. Basically, Thursday last week everything was fine on our server. I come in on Friday and it's a mess: php extensions are missing/not working, apache modules are gone. (e.g. oci_* was gone completely, odbc_ not working but still there, the apache ntlm_auth for single sign on was gone and so the website wasn't even loading in IE). I'm ruling out anything deliberate because it's just incredibly unlikely. The only thing that really happened between thursday & friday is that on thursday evening one of the network guys did a RAM upgrade on the server and restarted it. That's it, nothing else. Now I'm wondering if somehow those extensions and such which we installed months ago were somehow only saved in a local memory of sorts, and a restart has wiped them? But we installed them all as root, so I don't see why it should be any different from installing anything else. It makes little/no sense to me. To expand on an example of something that's gone very wrong, the php odbc_ extension: It's still on the server, it doesn't return undefined function or anything. But it just cannot connect to the datasource any more. I've tested it through the command line and it's working perfectly fine with that datasource and login details, but all of a sudden having it in the php odbc_connect() function and it just can't connect. ( [S1000][unixODBC][FreeTDS][SQL Server]Unable to connect to data source. ) But unixODBC is set up fine. Like I say i've tested it all through the terminal and it can connect, and we've not changed anything, it's just now all of a sudden not working through the PHP function. Anyone have any ideas whatsoever as to what could be going on? This is on CentOS 5.x by the way.

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• How to execute a command whenever a file changes?

  - by Denilson Sá

  I want a quick and simple way to execute a command whenever a file changes. I want something very simple, something I will leave running on a terminal and close it whenever I'm finished working with that file. Currently, I'm using this: while read; do ./myfile.py ; done And then I need to go to that terminal and press Enter, whenever I save that file on my editor. What I want is something like this: while sleep_until_file_has_changed myfile.py ; do ./myfile.py ; done Or any other solution as easy as that. BTW: I'm using Vim, and I know I can add an autocommand to run something on BufWrite, but this is not the kind of solution I want now. Update: I want something simple, discardable if possible. What's more, I want something to run in a terminal because I want to see the program output (I want to see error messages). About the answers: Thanks for all your answers! All of them are very good, and each one takes a very different approach from the others. Since I need to accept only one, I'm accepting the one that I've actually used (it was simple, quick and easy-to-remember), even though I know it is not the most elegant.

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• FTP permissions problem

  - by John Isaacks

  I have vsftpd installed on ubuntu. I added a new created a new user and set the users home path to /var/www so I can ftp with that user directly to that location. And that all works, I can now FTP with the user I created directly to that location. However I whenever I ftp, I have no permissions to change anything. How can I change that? Thanks!!

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• Help remembering name of boot CD (maybe it wasn't a live CD)

  - by daneee

  I am struggling to remember the name of a boot CD I have since lost the disc for. It was great for cloning discs, and resetting passwords. It's NOT the UBCD4Win, and it defos wasn't Knoppix. I have checked the LiveCD list and can't seem to find it there by doing a 'sort by'. I seem to remember it was called something like GS Tools but that might be more or less completely wrong. It had an unusual but memorable name. Makes me wonder how I came across it in the first place!

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• Barnyard Service - MySQL Error

  - by SLYN

  I installed barnyard2 and saved as a service. When I run service barnyard2 start, Barnyard2 is failed. After I run tail -100 /var/log/messages and I encounter a fault like this. ERROR database: 'mysql' support is not compiled into this build of snort#012 Aug 22 11:52:06 barnyard2[25771]: FATAL ERROR: If this build of barnyard2 was obtained as a binary distribution (e.g., rpm,#012or Windows), then check for alternate builds that contains the necessary#012'mysql' support.#012#012If this build of barnyard2 was compiled by you, then re-run the#012the ./configure script using the '--with-mysql' switch.#012For non-standard installations of a database, the '--with-mysql=DIR'#012syntax may need to be used to specify the base directory of the DB install.#012#012See the database documentation for cursory details (doc/README.database).#012and the URL to the most recent database plugin documentation. Aug 22 11:52:06 barnyard2[25771]: Barnyard2 exiting What sould I do for solving this problem? When I installed Barnyard2, I used these commands: # ./configure --with-mysql --with-mysql-libraries=/usr/lib64/mysql # make ; make install (My System is CentOS 6.5 x86_64.)

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• Set LD_LIBRARY_PATH and CLASSPATH on cluster nodes before running a hadoop job

  - by Ashish Sharma

  I need to set LD_LIBRARY_PATH and CLASSPATH before running a job a cluster. In LD_LIBRARY_PATH i need to add location of some jars which are required while running the job, As these jars are avaiable at my cluster, similar with CLASSPATH. I have a 3 NODE cluster, I need to set this LD_LIBRARY_PATH and CLASSPATH for all the 3 data nodes so that the following jar are available while running the job

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• Additional Hard Drives for Servers

  - by Abs

  Hello all, I am developing a web app where I will have to save lots of files and I am just trying to work out the directory structure and where things should be saved to. I have had a look at the dedicated server I want to buy and for storage it shows this: 2x 1TB SATA in RAID1 The space is enough but I am guessing this will not be on one hard drive? I will have to save files on one hard drive and when that fills up, I have to use the other? For the Fedora distro - what is the path for the second drive? Is there a primary drive where I will be able to setup my webroot? I am sorry, this is all new to me. It would be great to links and advice on how things actually work when it comes to additional hard drives etc. Thanks all

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• When should I upgrade to Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx)? [closed]

  - by Emyr

  I'm a web developer for a small non-IT firm. When 9.10 came out, I was using it with no adverse effects from about a month before release (iirc, first beta), initially as an upgrade but as a clean install later to ensure my system would be consistent with most other 9.10 systems. The last alpha of 10.04 came out last week, with another 2 weeks before beta. I'm quite eager to do it today, but obviously the usual "not for production systems" notice is still in place. When should I upgrade? Do I need to worry about software installed from source? (./configure, make, make install etc) Is the attraction of a non-brown theme really this tempting for you?

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