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  • How to teach game programming at school ?

    - by jokoon
    I'm in this private school right now, and apart from my progressive stoppage of anti-depressants, I'm having an hard time focusing on what the school wants me to do. The school has a professional contract for a game we have to do with Unity. I don't really learn anything new while using unity, so I don't like using it. We recently learned how to use DirectX, and we have to do some sort of Gradius-precursor clone (Parsec) with directX, in 3D: this annoys me, and I'm currently learning to use Ogre3D by myself by making some game. The teacher is an engineer, and all of us won't be engineers. How would you teach game programming ?

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  • Negamax implementation doesn't appear to work with tic-tac-toe

    - by George Jiglau
    I've implemented Negamax as it can be found on wikipedia, which includes alpha/beta pruning. However, it seems to favor a losing move, which should be an invalid result. The game is Tic-Tac-Toe, I've abstracted most of the game play so it should be rather easy to spot an error within the algorithm. Here is the code, nextMove, negamax or evaluate are probably the functions that contain the fault: #include <list> #include <climits> #include <iostream> //#define DEBUG 1 using namespace std; struct Move { int row, col; Move(int row, int col) : row(row), col(col) { } Move(const Move& m) { row = m.row; col = m.col; } }; struct Board { char player; char opponent; char board[3][3]; Board() { } void read(istream& stream) { stream >> player; opponent = player == 'X' ? 'O' : 'X'; for(int row = 0; row < 3; row++) { for(int col = 0; col < 3; col++) { char playa; stream >> playa; board[row][col] = playa == '_' ? 0 : playa == player ? 1 : -1; } } } void print(ostream& stream) { for(int row = 0; row < 3; row++) { for(int col = 0; col < 3; col++) { switch(board[row][col]) { case -1: stream << opponent; break; case 0: stream << '_'; break; case 1: stream << player; break; } } stream << endl; } } void do_move(const Move& move, int player) { board[move.row][move.col] = player; } void undo_move(const Move& move) { board[move.row][move.col] = 0; } bool isWon() { if (board[0][0] != 0) { if (board[0][0] == board[0][1] && board[0][1] == board[0][2]) return true; if (board[0][0] == board[1][0] && board[1][0] == board[2][0]) return true; } if (board[2][2] != 0) { if (board[2][0] == board[2][1] && board[2][1] == board[2][2]) return true; if (board[0][2] == board[1][2] && board[1][2] == board[2][2]) return true; } if (board[1][1] != 0) { if (board[0][1] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][1]) return true; if (board[1][0] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[1][2]) return true; if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][2]) return true; if (board[0][2] == board [1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][0]) return true; } return false; } list<Move> getMoves() { list<Move> moveList; for(int row = 0; row < 3; row++) for(int col = 0; col < 3; col++) if (board[row][col] == 0) moveList.push_back(Move(row, col)); return moveList; } }; ostream& operator<< (ostream& stream, Board& board) { board.print(stream); return stream; } istream& operator>> (istream& stream, Board& board) { board.read(stream); return stream; } int evaluate(Board& board) { int score = board.isWon() ? 100 : 0; for(int row = 0; row < 3; row++) for(int col = 0; col < 3; col++) if (board.board[row][col] == 0) score += 1; return score; } int negamax(Board& board, int depth, int player, int alpha, int beta) { if (board.isWon() || depth <= 0) { #if DEBUG > 1 cout << "Found winner board at depth " << depth << endl; cout << board << endl; #endif return player * evaluate(board); } list<Move> allMoves = board.getMoves(); if (allMoves.size() == 0) return player * evaluate(board); for(list<Move>::iterator it = allMoves.begin(); it != allMoves.end(); it++) { board.do_move(*it, -player); int val = -negamax(board, depth - 1, -player, -beta, -alpha); board.undo_move(*it); if (val >= beta) return val; if (val > alpha) alpha = val; } return alpha; } void nextMove(Board& board) { list<Move> allMoves = board.getMoves(); Move* bestMove = NULL; int bestScore = INT_MIN; for(list<Move>::iterator it = allMoves.begin(); it != allMoves.end(); it++) { board.do_move(*it, 1); int score = -negamax(board, 100, 1, INT_MIN + 1, INT_MAX); board.undo_move(*it); #if DEBUG cout << it->row << ' ' << it->col << " = " << score << endl; #endif if (score > bestScore) { bestMove = &*it; bestScore = score; } } if (!bestMove) return; cout << bestMove->row << ' ' << bestMove->col << endl; #if DEBUG board.do_move(*bestMove, 1); cout << board; #endif } int main() { Board board; cin >> board; #if DEBUG cout << "Starting board:" << endl; cout << board; #endif nextMove(board); return 0; } Giving this input: O X__ ___ ___ The algorithm chooses to place a piece at 0, 1, causing a guaranteed loss, do to this trap(nothing can be done to win or end in a draw): XO_ X__ ___ Perhaps it has something to do with the evaluation function? If so, how could I fix it?

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  • 3D zooming technique to maintain the relative position of an object on screen

    - by stark
    Is it possible to zoom to a certain point on screen by modifying the field of view and rotating the view of the camera as to keep that point/object in the same place on screen while zooming ? Changing the camera position is not allowed. I projected the 3D pos of the object on screen and remembered it. Then on each frame I calculate the direction to it in camera space and then I construct a rotation matrix to align this direction to Z axis (in cam space). After this, I calculate the direction from the camera to the object in world space and transform this vector with the matrix I obtained earlier and then use this final vector as the camera's new direction. And it's actually "kinda working", the problem is that it is more/less off than the camera's rotation before starting to zoom depending on the area you are trying to zoom in (larger error on edges/corners). It looks acceptable, but I'm not settling for only this. Any suggestions/resources for doing this technique perfectly? If some of you want to explain the math in detail, be my guest, I can understand these things well.

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  • Safe zone implementation in Asteroids

    - by Moaz
    I would like to implement a safe zone for asteroids so that when the ship gets destroyed, it shouldn't be there unless it is safe from other asteroids. I tried to check the distance between each asteroid and the ship, and if it is above threshold, it sets a flag to the ship that's a safe zone, but sometimes it work and sometimes it doesn't. What am I doing wrong? Here's my code: for (list<Asteroid>::iterator itr_astroid = asteroids.begin(); itr_astroid!=asteroids.end(); ) { if(currentShip.m_state == Ship::Ship_Dead) { float distance = itr_astroid->getCenter().distance(Vec2f(getWindowWidth()/2,getWindowHeight()/2)); if( distance>200) { currentShip.m_saveField = true; break; } else { currentShip.m_saveField = false; itr_astroid++; } } else { itr_astroid++; } } At ship's death: if(m_state == Ship_Dead && m_saveField==true) { --m_lifeSpan; } if(m_lifeSpan<=0 && m_saveField == true) { m_state = Ship_Alive; m_Vel = Vec2f(0,0); m_Pos.x = app::getWindowWidth()/2; m_Pos.y = app::getWindowHeight()/2; m_lifeSpan = 100; }

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  • Multiple setInterval in a HTML5 Canvas game

    - by kushsolitary
    I'm trying to achieve multiple animations in a game that I am creating using Canvas (it is a simple ping-pong game). This is my first game and I am new to canvas but have created a few experiments before so I have a good knowledge about how canvas work. First, take a look at the game here. The problem is, when the ball hits the paddle, I want a burst of n particles at the point of contact but that doesn't came right. Even if I set the particles number to 1, they just keep coming from the point of contact and then hides automatically after some time. Also, I want to have the burst on every collision but it occurs on first collision only. I am pasting the code here: //Initialize canvas var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas"), ctx = canvas.getContext("2d"), W = window.innerWidth, H = window.innerHeight, particles = [], ball = {}, paddles = [2], mouse = {}, points = 0, fps = 60, particlesCount = 50, flag = 0, particlePos = {}; canvas.addEventListener("mousemove", trackPosition, true); //Set it's height and width to full screen canvas.width = W; canvas.height = H; //Function to paint canvas function paintCanvas() { ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "source-over"; ctx.fillStyle = "black"; ctx.fillRect(0, 0, W, H); } //Create two paddles function createPaddle(pos) { //Height and width this.h = 10; this.w = 100; this.x = W/2 - this.w/2; this.y = (pos == "top") ? 0 : H - this.h; } //Push two paddles into the paddles array paddles.push(new createPaddle("bottom")); paddles.push(new createPaddle("top")); //Setting up the parameters of ball ball = { x: 2, y: 2, r: 5, c: "white", vx: 4, vy: 8, draw: function() { ctx.beginPath(); ctx.fillStyle = this.c; ctx.arc(this.x, this.y, this.r, 0, Math.PI*2, false); ctx.fill(); } }; //Function for creating particles function createParticles(x, y) { this.x = x || 0; this.y = y || 0; this.radius = 0.8; this.vx = -1.5 + Math.random()*3; this.vy = -1.5 + Math.random()*3; } //Draw everything on canvas function draw() { paintCanvas(); for(var i = 0; i < paddles.length; i++) { p = paddles[i]; ctx.fillStyle = "white"; ctx.fillRect(p.x, p.y, p.w, p.h); } ball.draw(); update(); } //Mouse Position track function trackPosition(e) { mouse.x = e.pageX; mouse.y = e.pageY; } //function to increase speed after every 5 points function increaseSpd() { if(points % 4 == 0) { ball.vx += (ball.vx < 0) ? -1 : 1; ball.vy += (ball.vy < 0) ? -2 : 2; } } //function to update positions function update() { //Move the paddles on mouse move if(mouse.x && mouse.y) { for(var i = 1; i < paddles.length; i++) { p = paddles[i]; p.x = mouse.x - p.w/2; } } //Move the ball ball.x += ball.vx; ball.y += ball.vy; //Collision with paddles p1 = paddles[1]; p2 = paddles[2]; if(ball.y >= p1.y - p1.h) { if(ball.x >= p1.x && ball.x <= (p1.x - 2) + (p1.w + 2)){ ball.vy = -ball.vy; points++; increaseSpd(); particlePos.x = ball.x, particlePos.y = ball.y; flag = 1; } } else if(ball.y <= p2.y + 2*p2.h) { if(ball.x >= p2.x && ball.x <= (p2.x - 2) + (p2.w + 2)){ ball.vy = -ball.vy; points++; increaseSpd(); particlePos.x = ball.x, particlePos.y = ball.y; flag = 1; } } //Collide with walls if(ball.x >= W || ball.x <= 0) ball.vx = -ball.vx; if(ball.y > H || ball.y < 0) { clearInterval(int); } if(flag == 1) { setInterval(emitParticles(particlePos.x, particlePos.y), 1000/fps); } } function emitParticles(x, y) { for(var k = 0; k < particlesCount; k++) { particles.push(new createParticles(x, y)); } counter = particles.length; for(var j = 0; j < particles.length; j++) { par = particles[j]; ctx.beginPath(); ctx.fillStyle = "white"; ctx.arc(par.x, par.y, par.radius, 0, Math.PI*2, false); ctx.fill(); par.x += par.vx; par.y += par.vy; par.radius -= 0.02; if(par.radius < 0) { counter--; if(counter < 0) particles = []; } } } var int = setInterval(draw, 1000/fps); Now, my function for emitting particles is on line 156, and I have called this function on line 151. The problem here can be because of I am not resetting the flag variable but I tried doing that and got more weird results. You can check that out here. By resetting the flag variable, the problem of infinite particles gets resolved but now they only animate and appear when the ball collides with the paddles. So, I am now out of any solution.

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  • Can't get sprite to rotate correctly?

    - by rphello101
    I'm attempting to play with graphics using Java/Slick 2d. I'm trying to get my sprite to rotate to wherever the mouse is on the screen and then move accordingly. I figured the best way to do this was to keep track of the angle the sprite is at since I have to multiply the cosine/sine of the angle by the move speed in order to get the sprite to go "forwards" even if it is, say, facing 45 degrees in quadrant 3. However, before I even worry about that, I'm having trouble even getting my sprite to rotate in the first place. Preliminary console tests showed that this code worked, but when applied to the sprite, it just kind twitches. Anyone know what's wrong? int mX = Mouse.getX(); int mY = HEIGHT - Mouse.getY(); int pX = sprite.x; int pY = sprite.y; int tempY, tempX; double mAng, pAng = sprite.angle; double angRotate=0; if(mX!=pX){ tempY=pY-mY; tempX=mX-pX; mAng = Math.toDegrees(Math.atan2(Math.abs((tempY)),Math.abs((tempX)))); if(mAng==0 && mX<=pX) mAng=180; } else{ if(mY>pY) mAng=270; else mAng=90; } //Calculations if(mX<pX&&mY<pY){ //If in Q2 mAng = 180-mAng; } if(mX<pX&&mY>pY){ //If in Q3 mAng = 180+mAng; } if(mX>pX&&mY>pY){ //If in Q4 mAng = 360-mAng; } angRotate = mAng-pAng; sprite.angle = mAng; sprite.image.setRotation((float)angRotate);

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  • RPG level-experience formula [closed]

    - by Comy
    I want to make an RPG game and I would like an advice on how should I create my level-experience formula. I saw this formula http://rsdo.net/rsdonline/guides/Experience%20formula.html#PHP and I created a formula myself and I want to ask you which would be better. RuneScape rates My rates Level 2 - 83 xp Level 2 - 35 Level 3 - 174 xp Level 3 - 84 Level 4 - 276 xp Level 4 - 150 Level 5 - 388 xp Level 5 - 238 Level 10 - 1,154 xp Level 10 - 1,087 Level 100 - 14,391,160 xp Level 100 - 311,017 As you can see at level 100 RuneScape's xp is very big and my level 100 is equal with RuneScape's Level 61. Is it better if the xp grows very fast at one point or depends on how I make my game?

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  • 2D Grid based game - how should I draw grid lines?

    - by Adam K Dean
    I'm playing around with a 2D grid based game idea, and I am using sprites for the grid cells. Let's say there is a 10 x 10 grid and each cell is 48x48, which will have sprites drawn there. That is fine. But in design mode, I'd like to have a grid overlay the screen. I can do this either with sprites (2x600 pixel image etc) or with primitives, but which is best? Should I really be switching between sprites and 3d/2d rendering? Like so: Thanks!

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  • Continuous Movement of gun bullet

    - by Siddharth
    I was using box2d for the movement of the body. When I apply gravity (0,0) the bullet continuously move but when I change gravity to the earth the behavior was changed. I also try to apply continuous force to the bullet body but the behavior was not so good. So please provide any suggestion to continuously move bullet body in earth gravity. currentVelocity = bulletBody.getLinearVelocity(); if (currentVelocity.len() < speed|| currentVelocity.len() > speed + 0.25f) { velocityChange = Math.abs(speed - currentVelocity.len()); currentVelocity.set(currentVelocity.x* velocityChange, currentVelocity.y*velocityChange); bulletBody.applyLinearImpulse(currentVelocity,bulletBody.getWorldCenter()); } I apply above code for the continuous velocity of the body. And also I did not able to find any setGravityScale method in the library.

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  • What calls trigger a new batch?

    - by sebf
    I am finding my project is starting to show performance degradation and I need to optimize it. The answer to my previous question and this presentation from NVidia have helped greatly in understanding the performance characteristics of code using the GPU but there are a couple of things that aren't clear that I need to know to optimize my drawing. Specifically, what calls make the distinction between batches. I know that any state changes cause a new batch, so that includes: Render State Changes Buffer Changes Shader Changes Render Target Changes Correct? What else counts as a 'state change'? Does each Draw**Primitive() call constitute a new batch? Even if I were to issue the same call twice, with no state changes, or call it once on on part of the buffer, then again on another? If I were to update a buffer, but not change the bindings, would that be a new batch? That presentation and a DX9 page suggest using all of the texture slots available, which I take to mean loading multiple objects in 'parallel' by mapping their buffers/shaders/textures to slots 1-16. But I am not sure how this works - surely to do this you would need to change the buffer binding and that would count as a state change? (or is it a case of you do but it saves 16 calls so its OK?)

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  • Texture errors in CubeMap

    - by shade4159
    I am trying to apply this texture as a cubemap. This is my result: Clearly I am doing something with my texture coordinates, but I cannot for the life of me figure out what. I don't even see a pattern to the texture fragments. They just seem like a jumble of different faces. Can anyone shed some light on this? Vertex shader: #version 400 in vec4 vPosition; in vec3 inTexCoord; smooth out vec3 texCoord; uniform mat4 projMatrix; void main() { texCoord = inTexCoord; gl_Position = projMatrix * vPosition; } My fragment shader: #version 400 smooth in vec3 texCoord; out vec4 fColor; uniform samplerCube textures void main() { fColor = texture(textures,texCoord); } Vertices of cube: point4 worldVerts[8] = { vec4( 15, 15, 15, 1 ), vec4( -15, 15, 15, 1 ), vec4( -15, 15, -15, 1 ), vec4( 15, 15, -15, 1 ), vec4( -15, -15, 15, 1 ), vec4( 15, -15, 15, 1 ), vec4( 15, -15, -15, 1 ), vec4( -15, -15, -15, 1 ) }; Cube rendering: void worldCube(point4* verts, int& Index, point4* points, vec3* texVerts) { quadInv( verts[0], verts[1], verts[2], verts[3], 1, Index, points, texVerts); quadInv( verts[6], verts[3], verts[2], verts[7], 2, Index, points, texVerts); quadInv( verts[4], verts[5], verts[6], verts[7], 3, Index, points, texVerts); quadInv( verts[4], verts[1], verts[0], verts[5], 4, Index, points, texVerts); quadInv( verts[5], verts[0], verts[3], verts[6], 5, Index, points, texVerts); quadInv( verts[4], verts[7], verts[2], verts[1], 6, Index, points, texVerts); } Backface function (since this is the inside of the cube): void quadInv( const point4& a, const point4& b, const point4& c, const point4& d , int& Index, point4* points, vec3* texVerts) { quad( a, d, c, b, Index, points, texVerts, a.to_3(), b.to_3(), c.to_3(), d.to_3()); } And the quad drawing function: void quad( const point4& a, const point4& b, const point4& c, const point4& d, int& Index, point4* points, vec3* texVerts, const vec3& tex_a, const vec3& tex_b, const vec3& tex_c, const vec3& tex_d) { texVerts[Index] = tex_a.normalized(); points[Index] = a; Index++; texVerts[Index] = tex_b.normalized(); points[Index] = b; Index++; texVerts[Index] = tex_c.normalized(); points[Index] = c; Index++; texVerts[Index] = tex_a.normalized(); points[Index] = a; Index++; texVerts[Index] = tex_c.normalized(); points[Index] = c; Index++; texVerts[Index] = tex_d.normalized(); points[Index] = d; Index++; } Edit: I forgot to mention, in the image, the camera is pointed directly at the back face of the cube. You can kind of see the diagonals leading out of the corners, if you squint.

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  • Can I become a Game Designer? [on hold]

    - by user32721
    This is my first time posting something on a forum in 4 years. I am posting this because I want to adjust my expectations and goals regarding game design. I am in college in Morocco (Al Akhawayn university). just started my junior year. I am a communications major (school of humanities) and a gender studies minor. I want to become a video game designer. It is the only career that I am interested in. I have been playing ever since I was 5 and haven't stopped yet. Currently I don't have any noteworthy skills to become a designer. I don't know how to program (don't really have the patience for it) and I can't draw to save my life. I haven't tried visual software like MAYA or MAX so I can't comment on graphic design. So I basically want to know whether my current education is capable of helping me reach my goal. If not then should I take a master's in game design (in the U.S?) or switch my minor to computer science? I am sorry that this post is long! I look forward to hearing your advice!

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  • How can I create tiles that scale to multiple resolutions?

    - by Darestium
    I am trying to create a multiplayer version of the popular Flash game N in Java. However, I'm not sure how to create a tileset that will scale up. Are the tiles for N pre-drawn or are they defined with mathamatical formulas in code? I do see how they would scale up in Flash if they were pre-rendered. So if anyone has any ideas how I should go about creating the tileset, or how they are created in the game please let me know. You can check out the game here.

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  • Getting the number of fragments which passed the depth test

    - by Etan
    In "modern" environments, the "NV Occlusion Query" extension provides a method to get the number of fragments which passed the depth test. However, on the iPad / iPhone using OpenGL ES, the extension is not available. What is the most performant approach to implement a similar behaviour in the fragment shader? Some of my ideas: Render the object completely in white, then count all the colors together using a two-pass shader where first a vertical line is rendered and for each fragment the shader computes the sum over the whole row. Then, a single vertex is rendered whose fragment sums all the partial sums of the first pass. Doesn't seem to be very efficient. Render the object completely in white over a black background. Downsample recursively, abusing the hardware linear interpolation between textures until being at a reasonably small resolution. This leads to fragments which have a greyscale level depending on the number of white pixels where in their corresponding region. Is this even accurate enough? Use mipmaps and simply read the pixel on the 1x1 level. Again the question of accuracy and if it is even possible using non-power-of-two textures. The problem wit these approaches is, that the pipeline gets stalled which results in major performance issues. Therefore, I'm looking for a more performant way to accomplish my goal. Using the EXT_OCCLUSION_QUERY_BOOLEAN extension Apple introduced EXT_OCCLUSION_QUERY_BOOLEAN in iOS 5.0 for iPad 2. "4.1.6 Occlusion Queries Occlusion queries use query objects to track the number of fragments or samples that pass the depth test. An occlusion query can be started and finished by calling BeginQueryEXT and EndQueryEXT, respectively, with a target of ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED_EXT or ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED_CONSERVATIVE_EXT. When an occlusion query is started with the target ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED_EXT, the samples-boolean state maintained by the GL is set to FALSE. While that occlusion query is active, the samples-boolean state is set to TRUE if any fragment or sample passes the depth test. When the occlusion query finishes, the samples-boolean state of FALSE or TRUE is written to the corresponding query object as the query result value, and the query result for that object is marked as available. If the target of the query is ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED_CONSERVATIVE_EXT, an implementation may choose to use a less precise version of the test which can additionally set the samples-boolean state to TRUE in some other implementation dependent cases." The first sentence hints on a behavior which is exactly what I'm looking for: getting the number of pixels which passed the depth test in an asynchronous manner without much performance loss. However, the rest of the document describes only how to get boolean results. Is it possible to exploit this extension to get the pixel count? Does the hardware support it so that there may be hidden API to get access to the pixel count? Other extensions which could be exploitable would be debugging features like the number of times the fragment shader was invoked (PSInvocations in DirectX - not sure if something simila is available in OpenGL ES). However, this would also result in a pipeline stall.

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  • Is a Single Texture Cube Map Possible?

    - by smoth190
    I'm currently developing a test project to explore OpenGL 3 texturing abilities. I have a simple cube, made of 8 vertices and 36 indices. I want each of the cubes faces to have a different texture, so I devised this texture: I made it obvious which sections I want visible (I hope...). In Direct3D, I once made a skybox, and I used a cubemap. However, I had to split it into 6 different textures. This is annoying and hard to manage, it would be nice to have just one texture. Is this even possible? I read somewhere that I could do this by duplicating vertices, is that a good idea? Someone else said I could do it in the shader, but that also baffles me...

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  • How do I know if my game's average game session time is too small?

    - by you786
    My game has only one life, and the aim is to stay alive as long as possible to get as many points as possible (it's an endless runner). Using Google Analytics I found that players are staying alive for an average of 17 seconds. I could easily increase or decrease this by manipulating acceleration or starting speed. The question is, should I change it at all? Is there any research or general ideas on the best playing time for a game like this? I would also like to know about any research about how long an ideal mobile game session should last.

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  • OpenGL profiling with AMD PerfStudio 2

    - by Aurus
    I'm rendering just a really small amount of polygons for my UI but however I still tried to increase the FPS. In the end I removed redundant calls which increased the FPS. I really don't want to lose FPS for nothing so I keep looking for more improvements. The first thing I noticed is the "huge" time where no calls are made before SwapBuffer (the black one). Well I know that OpenGL works asynchronous so SwapBuffer has to wait until everything is done. But shouldn't PerfStudio mark this time also as black ? Correct me If I am wrong. The second thing I noticed is that some glUniform2f calls just take longer (the brown ones). I mean they should all upload 2floats to the GPU how can the time be so different from call to call. The program isn't even changed or something like that. I also tried to look at other programs like gDebugger or CodeXL but they often crashed and they show less statistics (only # of calls or redundant calls etc.) EDIT: I also realized that the draw calls also have different durations, which was obvious for me but sometimes drawing more vertices is faster than drawing less vertices.

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  • OpenGL Learning Material (that's up to date)

    - by Sauron
    So im sure there are topics on this, but alot of them list older material. And the last book: http://www.amazon.com/OpenGL-SuperBible-Comprehensive-Tutorial-Reference/dp/0321712617/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1346116133&sr=8-1&keywords=opengl REALLY REALLY disappointed me. I DO NOT want to use someone else's library to learn this stuff, that bothers me SOOO much. So I was hoping there was a newer book that goes into detail, and doesn't use some sort of library "Hiding" everything from you. Or should I just look at older material? If so....anything thats not "too" out of date. Terrain tutorials are a plus (that's kinda my "goal"). Thanks

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  • Computer Games Technolgy or Software Engineering?

    - by Suleman Anwar
    I'm in the last year of my college and going to university next year. Could you tell me what the difference between Software Engineering and Computer Games Technology is? I know a bit of both but don't know the actual difference. I'm kind off in a dilemma between these two. I want to be a programmer, I'd love to go into gaming but I heard getting a job within a computer games company is really hard.

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  • Black Screen: How to set Projection/View Matrix

    - by Lisa
    I have a Windows Phone 8 C#/XAML with DirectX component project. I'm rendering some particles, but each particle is a rectangle versus a square (as I've set the vertices to be positions equally offset from each other). I used an Identity matrix in the view and projection matrix. I decided to add the windows aspect ratio to prevent the rectangles. But now I get a black screen. None of the particles are rendered now. I don't know what's wrong with my matrices. Can anyone see the problem? These are the default matrices in Microsoft's project example. View Matrix: XMVECTOR eye = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 0.7f, 1.5f, 0.0f); XMVECTOR at = XMVectorSet(0.0f, -0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f); XMVECTOR up = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); XMStoreFloat4x4(&m_constantBufferData.view, XMMatrixTranspose(XMMatrixLookAtRH(eye, at, up))); Projection Matrix: void CubeRenderer::CreateWindowSizeDependentResources() { Direct3DBase::CreateWindowSizeDependentResources(); float aspectRatio = m_windowBounds.Width / m_windowBounds.Height; float fovAngleY = 70.0f * XM_PI / 180.0f; if (aspectRatio < 1.0f) { fovAngleY /= aspectRatio; } XMStoreFloat4x4(&m_constantBufferData.projection, XMMatrixTranspose(XMMatrixPerspectiveFovRH(fovAngleY, aspectRatio, 0.01f, 100.0f))); } I've tried modifying them to use cocos2dx's WP8 example. XMMATRIX identityMatrix = XMMatrixIdentity(); float fovy = 60.0f; float aspect = m_windowBounds.Width / m_windowBounds.Height; float zNear = 0.1f; float zFar = 100.0f; float xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax; ymax = zNear * tanf(fovy * XM_PI / 360); ymin = -ymax; xmin = ymin * aspect; xmax = ymax * aspect; XMMATRIX tmpMatrix = XMMatrixPerspectiveOffCenterRH(xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax, zNear, zFar); XMMATRIX projectionMatrix = XMMatrixMultiply(tmpMatrix, identityMatrix); // View Matrix float fEyeX = m_windowBounds.Width * 0.5f; float fEyeY = m_windowBounds.Height * 0.5f; float fEyeZ = m_windowBounds.Height / 1.1566f; float fLookAtX = m_windowBounds.Width * 0.5f; float fLookAtY = m_windowBounds.Height * 0.5f; float fLookAtZ = 0.0f; float fUpX = 0.0f; float fUpY = 1.0f; float fUpZ = 0.0f; XMMATRIX tmpMatrix2 = XMMatrixLookAtRH(XMVectorSet(fEyeX,fEyeY,fEyeZ,0.f), XMVectorSet(fLookAtX,fLookAtY,fLookAtZ,0.f), XMVectorSet(fUpX,fUpY,fUpZ,0.f)); XMMATRIX viewMatrix = XMMatrixMultiply(tmpMatrix2, identityMatrix); XMStoreFloat4x4(&m_constantBufferData.view, viewMatrix); Vertex Shader cbuffer ModelViewProjectionConstantBuffer : register(b0) { //matrix model; matrix view; matrix projection; }; struct VertexInputType { float4 position : POSITION; float2 tex : TEXCOORD0; float4 color : COLOR; }; struct PixelInputType { float4 position : SV_POSITION; float2 tex : TEXCOORD0; float4 color : COLOR; }; PixelInputType main(VertexInputType input) { PixelInputType output; // Change the position vector to be 4 units for proper matrix calculations. input.position.w = 1.0f; //===================================== // TODO: ADDED for testing input.position.z = 0.0f; //===================================== // Calculate the position of the vertex against the world, view, and projection matrices. //output.position = mul(input.position, model); output.position = mul(input.position, view); output.position = mul(output.position, projection); // Store the texture coordinates for the pixel shader. output.tex = input.tex; // Store the particle color for the pixel shader. output.color = input.color; return output; } Before I render the shader, I set the view/projection matrices into the constant buffer void ParticleRenderer::SetShaderParameters() { ViewProjectionConstantBuffer* dataPtr; D3D11_MAPPED_SUBRESOURCE mappedResource; DX::ThrowIfFailed(m_d3dContext->Map(m_constantBuffer.Get(), 0, D3D11_MAP_WRITE_DISCARD, 0, &mappedResource)); dataPtr = (ViewProjectionConstantBuffer*)mappedResource.pData; dataPtr->view = m_constantBufferData.view; dataPtr->projection = m_constantBufferData.projection; m_d3dContext->Unmap(m_constantBuffer.Get(), 0); // Now set the constant buffer in the vertex shader with the updated values. m_d3dContext->VSSetConstantBuffers(0, 1, m_constantBuffer.GetAddressOf() ); // Set shader texture resource in the pixel shader. m_d3dContext->PSSetShaderResources(0, 1, &m_textureView); } Nothing, black screen... I tried so many different look at, eye, and up vectors. I tried transposing the matrices. I've set the particle center position to always be (0, 0, 0), I tried different positions too, just to make sure they're not being rendered offscreen.

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  • Actionscript 3.0 - Enemies do not move right in my platformer game

    - by Christian Basar
    I am making a side-scrolling platformer game in Flash (Actionscript 3.0). I have made lots of progress lately, but I have come across a new problem. I will give some background first. My game level's terrain (or 'floor') is referenced by a MovieClip variable called 'floor.' My desire is to have the Player and enemy characters walk along the terrain. I have gotten the Player character to move on the terrain just fine; he walks up/down hills and falls whenever there is no ground beneath him. Here is the code I created to allow the Player to follow the terrain correctly. Much more code is used to control the Player, but only this code deals with the Player character's following of the terrain and gravity. // If the Player's not on the ground (not touching the 'floor' MovieClip)... if (!onGround) { // Disable ducking downKeyPressed = false; // Increase the Player's 'y' position by his 'y' velocity player.y += playerYVel; } // Increase the 'playerYVel' variable so that the Player will fall // progressively faster down the screen. This code technically // runs "all the time" but in reality it only affects the player // when he's off the ground. playerYVel += gravity; // Give the Player a terminal velocity of 15 px/frame if (playerYVel > 15) { playerYVel = 15; } // If the Player has not hit the 'floor,' increase his falling //speed if (! floor.hitTestPoint(player.x, player.y, true)) { player.y += playerYVel; // The Player is not on the ground when he's not touching it onGround = false; } Since getting this code to work for the Player, I have created a 'SkullDemon' class, which is one of the planned enemies for my game. I want the 'SkullDemon' objects to move along the terrain like the Player does. With lots of great help, I have already coded the EventListeners, etc. necessary for the 'SkullDemons' to move. Unfortunately, I am having trouble getting them to move along the terrain. In fact, they do not touch the terrain at all; they move along the top of the boundary of the 'floor' MovieClip! I had a simple text diagram showing what I mean, but unfortunately Stackoverflow does not format it correctly. I hope my problem is clear from my description. Strangely enough, my code for the Player's movement and the 'SkullDemon's' movement is almost exactly the same, yet the 'SkullDemons' do not move like the Player does. Here is my code for the SkullDemon movement: // Move all of the Skull Demons using this method protected function moveSkullDemons():void { // Go through the whole 'skullDemonContainer' for (var skullDi:int = 0; skullDi < skullDemonContainer.numChildren; skullDi++) { // Set the SkullDemon 'instance' variable to equal the current SkullDemon skullDIns = SkullDemon(skullDemonContainer.getChildAt(skullDi)); // For now, just move the Skull Demons left at 5 units per second skullDIns.x -= 5; // If the Skull Demon has not hit the 'floor,' increase his falling //speed if (! floor.hitTestPoint(skullDIns.x, skullDIns.y, true)) { // Increase the Skull Demon's 'y' position by his 'y' velocity skullDIns.y += skullDIns.sdYVel; // The Skull Demon is not on the ground when he's not touching it skullDIns.sdOnGround = false; } // Increase the 'sdYVel' variable so that the Skull Demon will fall // progressively faster down the screen. This code technically // runs "all the time" but in reality it only affects the Skull Demon // when he's off the ground. if (! skullDIns.sdOnGround) { skullDIns.sdYVel += skullDIns.sdGravity; // Give the Skull Demon a terminal velocity of 15 px/frame if (skullDIns.sdYVel > 15) { skullDIns.sdYVel = 15; } } // What happens when the Skull Demon lands on the ground after a fall? // The Skull Demon is only on the ground ('onGround == true') when // the ground is touching the Skull Demon MovieClip's origin point, // which is at the Skull Demon's bottom centre for (var i:int = 0; i < 10; i++) { // The Skull Demon is only on the ground ('onGround == true') when // the ground is touching the Skull Demon MovieClip's origin point, // which is at the Skull Demon's bottom centre if (floor.hitTestPoint(skullDIns.x, skullDIns.y, true)) { skullDIns.y = skullDIns.y; // Set the Skull Demon's y-axis speed to 0 skullDIns.sdYVel = 0; // The Skull Demon is on the ground again skullDIns.sdOnGround = true; } } } } // End of 'moveSkullDemons()' function It is almost like the 'SkullDemons' are interacting with the 'floor' MovieClip using the hitTestObject() function, and not the hitTestPoint() function which is what I want, and which works for the Player character. I am confused about this problem and would appreciate any help you could give me. Thanks!

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  • OnTriggerEnter not called

    - by Lautaro
    I am working on a fight game with 3D models but played like a 2D game. So the player characters have swords. The Player GameObject has several body parts that are colider triggers. The sword is a rigidbody colider. Ive had som problems with colisions not being detected. Ive added some Debug.Log and slowed downed the animations so what i can see is this: When players are close to each other the sword connects from a different angle. The OnTriggerStay is called several times BEFORE OnTriggerEnter is called if players are too close. Sometimes if too close the OnTriggerStay is called several times but the OnTriggerEnter is NEVER called. Any ideas on why this is?

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  • SDL 1.2 reports wrong screen size

    - by Aaron Digulla
    I have a multi-monitor setup with two displays, both 1920x1200. In games, I can only select resolutions 1920x1200 (like 2560x1200) which makes games unusable. Full screen doesn't work either because it switches one display to 800x600 which means I can't reach the close button... I have to kill the game and then, I have to restore my desktop because all windows are moved/resized. How can I force SDL to use any resolution that I want?

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  • how to add water effect to an image

    - by brainydexter
    This is what I am trying to achieve: A given image would occupy say 3/4th height of the screen. The remaining 1/4th area would be a reflection of it with some waves (water effect) on it. I'm not sure how to do this. But here's my approach: render the given texture to another texture called mirror texture (maybe FBOs can help me?) invert mirror texture (scale it by -1 along Y) render mirror texture at height = 3/4 of the screen add some sense of noise to it OR using pixel shader and time, put pixel.z = sin(time) to make it wavy (Tech: C++/OpenGL/glsl) Is my approach correct ? Is there a better way to do this ? Also, can someone please recommend me if using FrameBuffer Objects would be the right thing here ? Thanks

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  • how to stop the array of sprite in cocos2d?

    - by prakash s
    I am devoloping the bubble shooter game in cocos2d how to stop the sprite movement at the center of the game scene in my game bec i want to shoot the bubble after stopping the movenent at certain position here is my code -(void)addTarget { CGSize winSize = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize]; NSMutableArray * movableSprites = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; NSArray *images = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"1.png", @"2.png", @"3.png", @"4.png",@"5.png", @"6.png", @"7.png",@"8.png" ,nil]; for(int i = 0; i < images.count; ++i) { int index = (arc4random() % 8)+1; NSString *image = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d.png", index]; CCSprite*target = [CCSprite spriteWithFile:image]; // generate random number based on size of array (array size is larger than 10) float offsetFraction = ((float)(i+1))/(images.count+1); //target.position = ccp(winSize.width*offsetFraction, winSize.height/2); target.position = ccp(350*offsetFraction, 460); [self addChild:target]; [movableSprites addObject:target]; id actionMove = [CCMoveTo actionWithDuration:10 position:ccp(350*offsetFraction, 100)]; id actionMoveDone = [CCCallFuncN actionWithTarget:self selector:@selector(spriteMoveFinished:)]; [target runAction:[CCSequence actions:actionMove, actionMoveDone, nil]]; } here bubbles are moving from top to bottom but after 5 rows my bubble movement should be stop so please help me to get that logic

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