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• Formula to draw pyramid of circles

  - by terence6

  I'm trying to create a pyramid of circles to my game, looking similar to this : But I can't make it print properly. Constantly I'm getting really strange spirals but nothing close to this. Can anyone give me some tip on proper formula ? My window is 600x600, base of pyramid is 8 . fields = new Field[BASE*(BASE/2)+4]; int line_count = BASE; int line_tmp = line_count; for(int i=0; i< fields.length; i++){ for( int j=line_tmp; j <= line_count; j++){ fields[i] = new Field(0, (150+(line_tmp*5)),(600+line_tmp*5)); } line_count--; line_tmp = line_count; }

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• How can I run code in a C# class definition each time any instance of the class is deserialized?

  - by Ben

  I am trying to derive a class from ObservableCollection and I need to run just a single line of code each and every time any instance of this class is deserialized. My thought was to do this: [Serializable] public class ObservableCollection2<T> : ObservableCollection<T>, ISerializable { public ObservableCollection2() : base() { } public ObservableCollection2(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context) : base(info, context) { // Put additional code here. } void ISerializable.GetObjectData(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context) { base.GetObjectData(info, context); } } But I don't have access to those base methods related to serialization. Am I forced to re-write all of the serialization manually?

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• Django: cannot pass variable to included template?

  - by duy

  Hi, I got a problem where I want to use template including in Django. Here is the real example: I got 3 file: home.html (will get the context variable passed from Views), base.html (the skeleton template file) and the header.html (included by base.html). If if put the code below directly in base.html without including the header.html, the {{title}} variable passing from home is correctly called. But if I include the header.html in base.html, the {{title}} variable's value cannot be called. <title>{% block title %}{% endblock %} | {{ SITE_INFO_TITLE }}</title> Is there any solution to this problem? Thanks.

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• Finding Errant Output to System.out in Large Java Program

  - by SvrGuy

  Hi, We have a large java code base [~1 M Lines]. Buried (somewhere) in the code base is some old debug output to System.out that we want to remove (its cluttering things up). The problem is: out code base is so large that we can't easily find where the output is coming from. What we want is a way to see where System.out.println is getting called from (like a stack trace from an exception or some such). Its not suitable to debugging -- the errant output is coming from some errant thread somewhere etc. Any ideas on how to track the source of this errant output down? PS: 99.99% of calls to System.out are legit, and we have thousands of them, so simply searching the code base for System.out calls is not a solution!

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• compile time if && return string reference optimization

  - by Truncheon

  Hi. I'm writing a series classes that inherit from a base class using virtual. They are INT, FLOAT and STRING objects that I want to use in a scripting language. I'm trying to implement weak typing, but I don't want STRING objects to return copies of themselves when used in the following way (instead I would prefer to have a reference returned which can be used in copying): a = "hello "; b = "world"; c = a + b; I have written the following code as a mock example: #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <cstdio> #include <cstdlib> std::string dummy("<int object cannot return string reference>"); struct BaseImpl { virtual bool is_string() = 0; virtual int get_int() = 0; virtual std::string get_string_copy() = 0; virtual std::string const& get_string_ref() = 0; }; struct INT : BaseImpl { int value; INT(int i = 0) : value(i) { std::cout << "constructor called\n"; } INT(BaseImpl& that) : value(that.get_int()) { std::cout << "copy constructor called\n"; } bool is_string() { return false; } int get_int() { return value; } std::string get_string_copy() { char buf[33]; sprintf(buf, "%i", value); return buf; } std::string const& get_string_ref() { return dummy; } }; struct STRING : BaseImpl { std::string value; STRING(std::string s = "") : value(s) { std::cout << "constructor called\n"; } STRING(BaseImpl& that) { if (that.is_string()) value = that.get_string_ref(); else value = that.get_string_copy(); std::cout << "copy constructor called\n"; } bool is_string() { return true; } int get_int() { return atoi(value.c_str()); } std::string get_string_copy() { return value; } std::string const& get_string_ref() { return value; } }; struct Base { BaseImpl* impl; Base(BaseImpl* p = 0) : impl(p) {} ~Base() { delete impl; } }; int main() { Base b1(new INT(1)); Base b2(new STRING("Hello world")); Base b3(new INT(*b1.impl)); Base b4(new STRING(*b2.impl)); std::cout << "\n"; std::cout << b1.impl->get_int() << "\n"; std::cout << b2.impl->get_int() << "\n"; std::cout << b3.impl->get_int() << "\n"; std::cout << b4.impl->get_int() << "\n"; std::cout << "\n"; std::cout << b1.impl->get_string_ref() << "\n"; std::cout << b2.impl->get_string_ref() << "\n"; std::cout << b3.impl->get_string_ref() << "\n"; std::cout << b4.impl->get_string_ref() << "\n"; std::cout << "\n"; std::cout << b1.impl->get_string_copy() << "\n"; std::cout << b2.impl->get_string_copy() << "\n"; std::cout << b3.impl->get_string_copy() << "\n"; std::cout << b4.impl->get_string_copy() << "\n"; return 0; } It was necessary to add an if check in the STRING class to determine whether its safe to request a reference instead of a copy: Script code: a = "test"; b = a; c = 1; d = "" + c; /* not safe to request reference by standard */ C++ code: STRING(BaseImpl& that) { if (that.is_string()) value = that.get_string_ref(); else value = that.get_string_copy(); std::cout << "copy constructor called\n"; } If was hoping there's a way of moving that if check into compile time, rather than run time.

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• how to create local dynamic varables

  - by xielingyun

  this is my code, i want to use eval() to get the rule status and eval() nead local varables, there is many classes inherit class base, so i should to rewrite get_stat() in every class.i just want to avoid this, an idea is to create dynamic varables in get_stat(),eg. in class b it dynamic create var a and b how to create dynamic varables in function? or any other way to avoid this stupid idea i use python 3.2.3, locals() does not work class base(object): def check(self): stat = get_stat() def get_stat(self): pass class b(base): rule = 'a > 5 and b < 3' a = 0 b = 0 def update_data(self, a, b): self.a = a self.b = b def get_stat(self): a = self.a b = self.b return eval(rule) class b(base): rule = 'd > 5 and e < 3' d = 0 e = 0 def update_data(self, d, e): self.d = d self.e = e def get_stat(self): d = self.d e = self.e return eval(rule)

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• How to model has_many with polymorphism?

  - by Daniel Abrahamsson

  I've run into a situation that I am not quite sure how to model. Suppose I have a User class, and a user has many services. However, these services are quite different, for example a MailService and a BackupService, so single table inheritance won't do. Instead, I am thinking of using polymorphic associations together with an abstract base class: class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :services end class Service < ActiveRecord::Base validates_presence_of :user_id, :implementation_id, :implementation_type belongs_to :user belongs_to :implementation, :polymorphic = true delegate :common_service_method, :name, :to => :implementation end #Base class for service implementations class ServiceImplementation < ActiveRecord::Base validates_presence_of :user_id, :on => :create has_one :service, :as => :implementation has_one :user, :through => :service after_create :create_service_record #Tell Rails this class does not use a table. def self.abstract_class? true end #Default name implementation. def name self.class.name end protected #Sets up a service object def create_service_record service = Service.new(:user_id => user_id) service.implementation = self service.save! end end class MailService < ServiceImplementation #validations, etc... def common_service_method puts "MailService implementation of common service method" end end #Example usage MailService.create(..., :user_id => user.id) BackupService.create(...., :user_id => user.id) user.services.each do |s| puts "#{user.name} is using #{s.name}" end #Daniel is using MailService, Daniel is using BackupService So, is this the best solution? Or even a good one? How have you solved this kind of problem?

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• Why can't I *override* and *new* a Property (C#) at the same time?

  - by Tim Lovell-Smith

  According to this question it seems like you can do this for Methods. What I want to know is why it doesn't work when I try it with properties. public class Foo { public virtual object Value { get; set; } } public class Foo<T> : Foo { public override object Value { get { return base.Value; } set { base.Value = (T)value; //inject type-checking on sets } } public new T Value { get { return (T)base.Value; } set { base.Value = value; } } } Error message from C# 4.0 RC1 Error 1 The type 'ClassLibrary1.Foo' already contains a definition for 'Value' ClassLibrary1\Class1.cs 31 22 ClassLibrary1

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• derived class as default argument g++

  - by Vincent

  Please take a look at this code: template<class T> class A { class base { }; class derived : public A<T>::base { }; public: int f(typename A<T>::base& arg = typename A<T>::derived()) { return 0; } }; int main() { A<int> a; a.f(); return 0; } Compiling generates the following error message in g++: test.cpp: In function 'int main()': test.cpp:25: error: default argument for parameter of type 'A<int>::base&' has type 'A<int>::derived' The basic idea (using derived class as default value for base-reference-type argument) works in visual studio, but not in g++. I have to publish my code to the university server where they compile it with gcc. What can I do? Is there something I am missing?

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• How can I Query only __key__ on a Google Appengine PolyModel child?

  - by Gabriel

  So the situation is: I want to optimize my code some for doing counting of records. So I have a parent Model class Base, a PolyModel class Entry, and a child class of Entry Article: How would I query Article.key so I can reduce the query load but only get the Article count. My first thought was to use: q = db.GqlQuery("SELECT __key__ from Article where base = :1", i_base) but it turns out GqlQuery doesn't like that because articles are actually stored in a table called Entry. Would it be possible to Query the class attribute? something like: q = db.GqlQuery("select __key__ from Entry where base = :1 and :2 in class", i_base, 'Article') neither of which work. Turns out the answer is even easier. But I am going to finish this question because I looked everywhere for this. q = db.GqlQuery("select __key__ from Entry where base = :1 and class = :2", i_base, 'Article')

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• Where is pure virtual function located in C++?

  - by skydoor

  Which virtual table will be pure virtual function located? In the base class or derived class? For example, what does the virtual table look like in each class? class Base { virtual void f() =0; virtual void g(); } class Derived: public Base{ virtual void f(); virtual void g(); }

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• Performance of C# method polymorphism with generics

  - by zildjohn01

  I noticed in C#, unlike C++, you can combine virtual and generic methods. For example: using System.Diagnostics; class Base { public virtual void Concrete() {Debug.WriteLine("base concrete");} public virtual void Generic<T>() {Debug.WriteLine("base generic");} } class Derived : Base { public override void Concrete() {Debug.WriteLine("derived concrete");} public override void Generic<T>() {Debug.WriteLine("derived generic");} } class App { static void Main() { Base x = new Derived(); x.Concrete(); x.Generic<PerformanceCounter>(); } } Given that any number of versions of Generic<T> could be instantiated, it doesn't look like the standard vtbl approach could be used to resolve method calls, and in fact it's not. Here's the generated code: x.Concrete(); mov ecx,dword ptr [ebp-8] mov eax,dword ptr [ecx] call dword ptr [eax+38h] x.Generic<PerformanceCounter>(); push 989A38h mov ecx,dword ptr [ebp-8] mov edx,989914h call 76A874F1 mov dword ptr [ebp-4],eax mov ecx,dword ptr [ebp-8] call dword ptr [ebp-4] The extra code appears to be looking up a dynamic vtbl according to the generic parameters, and then calling into it. Has anyone written about the specifics of this implementation? How well does it perform compared to the non-generic case?

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• Why AutoResetEvent and ManualResetEvent does not support name in the constructor?

  - by Ikaso

  On .NET Framework 2.0 AutoResetEvent and ManualResetEvent inherit from EventWaitHandle. The EventWaitHandle class has 4 different constructors. 3 of the constructors support giving a name to the event. On the other hand both ManualResetEvent and AutoResetEvent do not support naming and provide a single constructor that receives the initialState. I can simply inherit from EventWaitHandle and write my own implementation of those classes that support all the constructor overloads, but I don't like to re-invent the wheel if I do not have to. My questions are: Is there a special problem in naming events? Do you have any idea why Microsoft did not support it? Do you have a proposal better than inheriting from the EventWaitHandle class and calling the appropriate constructor as in the following example? public class MyAutoResetEvent: EventWaitHandle { public MyAutoResetEvent(bool initialState) : base(initialState, EventResetMode.AutoReset) { } public MyAutoResetEvent(bool initialState, string name) : base(initialState, EventResetMode.AutoReset, name) { } public MyAutoResetEvent(bool initialState, string name, out bool createdNew) : base(initialState, EventResetMode.AutoReset, name, out createdNew) { } public MyAutoResetEvent(bool initialState, string name, out bool createdNew, EventWaitHandleSecurity eventSecurity) : base(initialState, EventResetMode.AutoReset, string.Empty, out createdNew, eventSecurity) { } }

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• Virtual destructors for interfaces.

  - by wowus

  Do interfaces need a virtual destructor, or is the auto-generated one fine? For example, which of the following two code snippets is best, and why? class Base { public: virtual void foo() = 0; virtual ~Base() {} }; OR... class Base { public: virtual void foo() = 0; };

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• sqlalchemy: what is the difference between declaring the cascade within the foreign key vs relation?

  - by steve

  what is the difference between declaring the cascade within a foreign key vs relations? class Contact(Base): __tablename__ = 'contacts' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) addresses = relation("Address", backref="contact") class Address(Base): __tablename__ = 'addresses' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) contact_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('contact.id', onupdate="CASCADE", ondelete="CASCADE"))) vs class Contact(Base): __tablename__ = 'contacts' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) addresses = relation("Address", backref="contact", cascade="all, delete-orphan") class Address(Base): __tablename__ = 'addresses' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) contact_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('contact.id')) with the foreign key declaration, it seems like the cascade is enforced at the database level. how does the relations approach work? thanks!

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• Finding What You Need in R: function arguments/parameters from outside the function's package

  - by doug

  Often in R, there are a dozen functions scattered across as many packages--all of which have the same purpose but of course differ in accuracy, performance, theoretical rigor, and so on. How do you gather all of these in one place before you start your task? So for instance: the generic plot function. Setting secondary ticks is much easier (IMHO) using a function outside of the base package, minor.tick(nx=n, ny=n, tick.ratio=n), found in Hmisc. Of course, that doesn't show up in plot's docstring. Likewise, the data-input arguments to 'plot' can be supplied by an object returned from the function 'hexbin', again, from a library outside of the base installation (where 'plot' resides). What would be great obviously is a programmatic way to gather these function arguments from the various libraries and put them in a single namespace. edit: (trying to re-state my example just above more clearly:) the arguments to plot supplied in the base package for, e.g., setting the axis tick frequency are xaxp/yaxp; however, one can also set a/t/f via a function outside of the base package, again, as in the minor.tick function from the Hmisc package--but you wouldn't know that just from looking at the plot method signature. Is there a meta function in R for this? So far, as i come across them, i've been manually gathering them in a TextMate 'snippet' (along with the attendant library imports). This isn't that difficult or time consuming, but i can only update my snippet as i find out about these additional arguments/parameters. Is there a canonical R way to do this, or at least an easier way? Just in case that wasn't clear, i am not talking about the case where multiple packages provide functions directed to the same statistic or view (e.g., 'boxplot' in the base package; 'boxplot.matrix' in gplots; and 'bplots' in Rlab). What i am talking is the case in which the function name is the same across two or more packages.

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• (this == null) in C#!

  - by SLaks

  Due to a bug that was fixed in C# 4, the following program prints true. (Try it in LINQPad) void Main() { new Derived(); } class Base { public Base(Func<string> valueMaker) { Console.WriteLine(valueMaker()); } } class Derived : Base { string CheckNull() { return "Am I null? " + (this == null); } public Derived() : base(() => CheckNull()) { } } In VS2008 in Release mode, in throws an InvalidProgramException. (In Debug mode, it works fine) In VS2010 Beta 2, it doesn't compile (I didn't try Beta 1); I learned that the hard way Is there any other way to make this == null in pure C#?

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• c# - what approach can I use to extend a group of classes that include implemented methods? (see des

  - by Greg

  Hi, I want to create an extendible package I am writing that has Topology, Node & Relationship classes. The idea is these base classes would have the various methods in them necessary to base graph traversal methods etc. I would then like to be able to reuse this by extending the package. For example the base requirements might see Relationship with a parentNode & childNode. Topology would have a List of Nodes and List of Relationships. Topology would have methods like FindChildren(int depth). Then the usage would be to extend these such that additional attributes for Node and Relationships could be added etc. QUESTION - What would be the best approach to package & expose the base level classes/methods? (it's kind of like a custom collection but with multiple facets). Would the following concepts come into play: Interfaces - would this be a good idea to have ITopology, INode etc, or is this not required as the user would extend these classes anyway? Abstract Classes - would the base classes be abstract classes Custom Generic Collection - would some approach using this concept assist (but how would this work if there are the 3 different classes) thanks

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• Behavior of virtual function in C++

  - by Summer_More_More_Tea

  Hi everyone: I have a question, here are two class below: class Base{ public: virtual void toString(); // generic implementation } class Derive : public Base{ public: ( virtual ) void toString(); // specific implementation } The question is: If I wanna subclass of class Derive perform polymophism using a pointer of type Base, is keyword virtual in the bracket necessary? If the answer is no, what's the difference between member function toString of class Derive with and without virtual?

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• Rails: url_for to be available in a isolated class that must be instanced

  - by Totty

  Rails: url_for to be available in a isolated class that must be instanced: class ProfilePresenter < ActionController::Base attr_reader :profile def initialize(profile) super @a = url_for(:controller => 'profiles', :action => 'view', :profile_url => 'dd') @a @profile = profile end end How to make the url_for work? i tried to extend the ActionController::Base and the ActionView::Base and i cant :s

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• How to get the full file path of an arbitrary ruby class?

  - by Travis

  eg: class Base def self.inherited(subclass) puts "New subclass: #{subclass}" path_of_subclass = ???? end end Then in another file/class, it extends Base. class X < Base .... end How would I get the path to the rb file of that subclass from the super class.

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• Whats wrong with the following code, its not compiling

  - by Ganesh Kundapur

  #include <iostream> #include <vector> using namespace std; class Base { public: void Display( void ) { cout<<"Base display"<<endl; } int Display( int a ) { cout<<"Base int display"<<endl; return 0; } }; class Derived : public Base { public: void Display( void ) { cout<<"Derived display"<<endl; } }; void main() { Derived obj; obj.Display(); obj.Display( 10 ); } $test1.cpp: In function ‘int main()’: test1.cpp:35: error: no matching function for call to ‘Derived::Display(int)’ test1.cpp:24: note: candidates are: void Derived::Display() On commenting obj.Display(10), it works.

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• make VIEW of SHOW TABLE query

  - by cneeds

  Is there a way to make a VIEW of this SHOW TABLE query? SHOW FULL TABLES FROM `db_name` WHERE `Table_type` = "Base table" When I save this as a view (using phpMyAdmin) I get #1064 - You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'SHOW FULL TABLES FROM `db_name` WHERE `Table_type` = "Base table"' at line 4 when phpMyAdmin tries to execute this CREATE ALGORITHM = UNDEFINED VIEW `Tables` AS SHOW FULL TABLES FROM `db_name` WHERE `Table_type` = "Base table"

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• How do I execute queries upon DB connection in Rails?

  - by sycobuny

  I have certain initializing functions that I use to set up audit logging on the DB server side (ie, not rails) in PostgreSQL. At least one has to be issued (setting the current user) before inserting data into or updating any of the audited tables, or else the whole query will fail spectacularly. I can easily call these every time before running any save operation in the code, but DRY makes me think I should have the code repeated in as few places as possible, particularly since this diverges greatly from the ideal of database agnosticism. Currently I'm attempting to override ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection in an initializer to set it up so that the queries are run as soon as I connect automatically, but it doesn't behave as I expect it to. Here is the code in the initializer: class ActiveRecord::Base # extend the class methods, not the instance methods class << self alias :old_establish_connection :establish_connection # hide the default def establish_connection(*args) ret = old_establish_connection(*args) # call the default # set up necessary session variables for audit logging # call these after calling default, to make sure conn is established 1st db = self.class.connection db.execute("SELECT SV.set('current_user', 'test@localhost')") db.execute("SELECT SV.set('audit_notes', NULL)") # end "empty variable" err ret # return the default's original value end end end puts "Loaded custom establish_connection into ActiveRecord::Base" sycobuny:~/rails$ ruby script/server = Booting WEBrick = Rails 2.3.5 application starting on http://0.0.0.0:3000 Loaded custom establish_connection into ActiveRecord::Base This doesn't give me any errors, and unfortunately I can't check what the method looks like internally (I was using ActiveRecord::Base.method(:establish_connection), but apparently that creates a new Method object each time it's called, which is seemingly worthless cause I can't check object_id for any worthwhile information and I also can't reverse the compilation). However, the code never seems to get called, because any attempt to run a save or an update on a database object fails as I predicted earlier. If this isn't a proper way to execute code immediately on connection to the database, then what is?

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• Inheritance - initialization problem

  - by dumbquestion

  I have a c++ class derived from a base class in a framework. The derived class doesn't have any data members because I need it to be freely convertible into a base class and back - the framework is responsible for loading and saving the objects and I can't change it. My derived class just has functions for accessing the data. But there are a couple of places where I need to store some temporary local variables to speed up access to data in the base class. mydata* MyClass::getData() { if ( !m_mydata ) { // set to NULL in the constructor m_mydata = some_long_and complex_operation_to_get_the_data_in_the_base() } return m_mydata; } The problem is if I just access the object by casting the base class pointer returned from the framework to MyClass* the ctor for MyClass is never called and m_mydata is junk. Is there a way of only initializing the m_mydata pointer once?

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