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• Enabling XML-documentation for code contracts

  - by DigiMortal

  One nice feature that code contracts offer is updating of code documentation. If you are using source code documenting features of Visual Studio then code contracts may automate some tasks you otherwise have to implement manually. In this posting I will show you some XML documentation files with documented contracts. I will also explain how this feature works. Enabling XML-documentation in project settings As a first thing let’s enable generating of code documentation under project settings. Open project properties, move to Build page and make check to checkbox called “XML documentation file”. Save project settings and rebuild project. When project is built go to bin/Debug folder and open the XML-file. Here is my XML. <?xml version="1.0"?> <doc>     <assembly>         <name>Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable</name>     </assembly>     <members>         <member name="T:Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable.Randomizer">             <summary>             Class for generating random integers in user specified range.             </summary>         </member>         <member name="M:Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable.Randomizer.#ctor(Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable.IRandomGenerator)">             <summary>             Constructor of Randomizer. Initializes Randomizer class.             </summary>             <param name="generator">Instance of random number generator.</param>         </member>         <member name="M:Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable.Randomizer.GetRandomFromRangeContracted(System.Int32,System.Int32)">             <summary>             Returns random integer in given range.             </summary>             <param name="min">Minimum value of random integer.</param>             <param name="max">Maximum value of random integer.</param>         </member>     </members> </doc> You can see nothing about code contracts here. Enabling code contracts documentation Code contracts have their own settings and conditions for documentation. Open project properties and move to Code Contracts tab. From “Contract Reference Assembly” dropdown check Build and make check to checkbox “Emit contracts into XML doc file”. And again – save project setting, build the project and move to bin/Debug folder. Now you can see that there are two files for XML-documentation: <assembly name>.XML <assembly name>.old.XML First files is documentation with contracts, second file is original documentation without contracts. Let’s see now what is inside our new XML-documentation file. <?xml version="1.0"?> <doc>   <assembly>     <name>Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable</name>   </assembly>   <members>     <member name="T:Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable.Randomizer">       <summary>             Class for generating random integers in user specified range.             </summary>     </member>     <member name="M:Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable.Randomizer.#ctor(Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable.IRandomGenerator)">       <summary>             Constructor of Randomizer. Initializes Randomizer class.             </summary>       <param name="generator">Instance of random number generator.</param>     </member>     <member name="M:Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable.Randomizer.GetRandomFromRangeContracted(System.Int32,System.Int32)">       <summary>             Returns random integer in given range.             </summary>       <param name="min">Minimum value of random integer.</param>       <param name="max">Maximum value of random integer.</param>       <requires description="Min must be less than max" exception="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">                 min &lt; max</requires>       <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">                 min &gt;= max</exception>       <ensures description="Return value is out of range">                 Contract.Result&lt;int&gt;() &gt;= min &amp;&amp;                 Contract.Result&lt;int&gt;() &lt;= max</ensures>     </member>   </members> </doc> As you can see then code contracts are pretty well documented. Messages that I provided with code contracts are also available in documentation. If I wrote very good and informative messages then these messages are very useful also in contracts documentation. Code contracts and Sandcastle Sandcastle knows nothing about code contracts by default. There is separate package of file for Sandcastle that is provided you by code contracts installation. You can read from code contracts manual: “Sandcastle (http://www.codeplex.com/Sandcastle) is a freely available tool that generates help les and web sites describing your APIs, based on the XML doc comments in your source code. The CodeContracts install contains a set of les that can be copied over a Sandcastle installation to take advantage of the additional contract information. The produced documentation adds a contract section to methods with declared requires and/or ensures. In order for Sandcastle to produce Contract sections, you need to patch a number of files in its installation. Please refer to the Sandcastle Readme.txt found under Start Menu/CodeContracts/Sandcastle for instructions. A future release of Sandcastle will hopefully support contract sections without the need for this patching step.” Integrating code contracts documentation to Sandcastle will be one of my next postings about code contracts. Conclusion if you are using code documentation then documentation about code contracts can be added to documentation very easily. All you have to do is to enable XML-documentation for contracts and build your project. Later you can use Sandcastle files provided by code contracts installer to integrate contracts documentation to your output documentation package.

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• java UnitilsException: Executed scripts table "PUBLIC"."DBMAINTAIN_SCRIPTS" doesn't exist yet or is invalid [closed]

  - by Philippe

  I want use Unitils for testing my JAVA program, i have following error message "UnitilsException: Executed scripts table "PUBLIC"."DBMAINTAIN_SCRIPTS" doesn't exist yet or is invalid" My table is into an DDL file, and table is not created Could you says me if dataSetStructureGenerator.xsd.dirName=src/test/resources/dataset-schema properties is still active in unitils 3.3 ? My EMPLOYEE table is not created and DBMAINTAIN_SCRIPTS not created too Where is my mistake ? My DDL file SET REFERENTIAL_INTEGRITY FALSE; SET DATABASE COLLATION "French"; SET SCHEMA PUBLIC; CREATE TABLE DBMAINTAIN_SCRIPTS (FILE_NAME VARCHAR2(150), FILE_LAST_MODIFIED_AT INTEGER, CHECKSUM VARCHAR2(50), EXECUTED_AT VARCHAR2(20), SUCCEEDED INTEGER); CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEES(ID IDENTITY NOT NULL,NAME VARCHAR(20),TITLE VARCHAR(20),SALARY DOUBLE,NI INTEGER NOT NULL) My unitils properties file # comments documenting these unitils configuration properties removed for # brevity. look for commenting in unitils-default.properties in the root of the # unitils jar if needed. unitils.modules=database,dbunit,easymock,inject unitils.module.hibernate.enabled=false unitils.module.spring.enabled=false # these placeholders are set in avaje.properties #gere la configuration DBUNIT database.driverClassName=org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver database.url=jdbc:hsqldb:mem:unitils-example database.schemaNames=PUBLIC database.userName=SA database.password= database.dialect=hsqldb # unitils will construct the test database using the ddl file found in this # directory dbMaintainer.fileScriptSource.scripts.location=src/main/resources updateDataBaseSchema.enabled=true sequenceUpdater.sequencevalue.lowestacceptable=100 dataSetStructureGenerator.xsd.dirName=src/test/resources/dataset-schema #dbMaintainer.autoCreateExecutedScriptsTable property to true

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• Building a template engine - starting point

  - by Anirudh

  We're building a Django-based project with a template component. This component will be separate from the project as such and can be Django/Python, Node, Java or whatever works. The template has to be rendered into HTML. The templates will contain references to objects with properties that are defined in the DB, say, a Bus. For eg, it could be something like [object type="vehicle" weight="heavy"] and it would have to pull a random object from the DB fulfilling the criteria : type="vehicle" weight="heavy" (bus/truck/jet) and then substitute that tag with an image, say, of a Bus. Also it would have to be able to handle some processing. Eg: What is [X type="integer" lte="10"] + [Y type="integer" lte="10"] [option X+Y correct_ans="true"] [option X-Y correct_ans="false"] [option X+y+1 correct_ans="false"] The engine would be expected to fill in a random integer value <= 10 for X and Y and show radioboxes for each of the options. Would also have to store the fact that the first option is the correct answer. Does it to make sense to write something from the scratch? Or is it better to use an existing templating system (like Django's own templating system) as a starting point? Any suggestions on how I can approach this?

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• Android 2D terrain scrolling

  - by Nikola Ninkovic

  I want to make infinite 2D terrain based on my algorithm.Then I want to move it along Y axis (to the left) This is how I did it : public class Terrain { Queue<Integer> _bottom; Paint _paint; Bitmap _texture; Point _screen; int _numberOfColumns = 100; int _columnWidth = 20; public Terrain(int screenWidth, int screenHeight, Bitmap texture) { _bottom = new LinkedList<Integer>(); _screen = new Point(screenWidth, screenHeight); _numberOfColumns = screenWidth / 6; _columnWidth = screenWidth / _numberOfColumns; for(int i=0;i<=_numberOfColumns;i++) { // Generate terrain point and put it into _bottom queue } _paint = new Paint(); _paint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL); _paint.setShader(new BitmapShader(texture, Shader.TileMode.REPEAT, Shader.TileMode.REPEAT)); } public void update() { _bottom.remove(); // Algorithm calculates next point _bottom.add(nextPoint); } public void draw(Canvas canvas) { Iterator<Integer> i = _bottom.iterator(); int counter = 0; Path path = new Path(); path.moveTo(0, _screen.y); while (i.hasNext()) { path.lineTo(counter, _screen.y-i.next()); counter += _columnWidth; } path.lineTo(_screen.x, _screen.y); path.lineTo(0, _screen.y); canvas.drawPath(path2, _paint); } } The problem is that the game is too 'fast', so I tried with pausing thread with Thread.sleep(50); in run() method of my game thread but then it looks too torn. Well, is there any way to slow down drawing of my terrain ?

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• Why is the remove function not working for hashmaps? [migrated]

  - by John Marston

  I am working on a simple project that obtains data from an input file, gets what it needs and prints it to a file. I am basically getting word frequency so each key is a string and the value is its frequency in the document. The problem however, is that I need to print out these values to a file in descending order of frequency. After making my hashmap, this is the part of my program that sorts it and writes it to a file. //Hashmap I create Map<String, Integer> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Integer>(); //function to sort hashmap while (map.isEmpty() == false){ for (Entry<String, Integer> entry: map.entrySet()){ if (entry.getValue() > valueMax){ max = entry.getKey(); System.out.println("max: " + max); valueMax = entry.getValue(); System.out.println("value: " + valueMax); } } map.remove(max); out.write(max + "\t" + valueMax + "\n"); System.out.println(max + "\t" + valueMax); } When I run this i get: t 9 t 9 t 9 t 9 t 9 .... so it appears the remove function is not working as it keeps getting the same value. I'm thinking i have an issue with a scope rule or I just don't understand hashmaps very well. If anyone knows of a better way to sort a hashmap and print it, I would welcome a suggestion. thanks

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• What is the best practice for reading a large number of custom settings from a text file?

  - by jawilmont

  So I have been looking through some code I wrote a few years ago for an economic simulation program. Each simulation has a large number of settings that can be saved to a file and later loaded back into the program to re-run the same/similar simulation. Some of the settings are optional or depend on what is being simulated. The code to read back the parameters is basically one very large switch statement (with a few nested switch statements). I was wondering if there is a better way to handle this situation. One line of the settings file might look like this: #RA:1,MT:DiscriminatoryPriceKDoubleAuction,OF:Demo Output.csv,QM:100,NT:5000,KP:0.5 //continues... And some of the code that would read that line: switch( Character.toUpperCase( s.charAt(0) ) ) { case 'R': randSeed = Integer.valueOf( s.substring(3).trim() ); break; case 'M': marketType = s.substring(3).trim(); System.err.println("MarketType: " + marketType); break; case 'O': outputFileName = s.substring(3).trim() ; break; case 'Q': quantityOfMarkets = Integer.valueOf( s.substring(3).trim() ); break; case 'N': maxTradesPerRound = Integer.valueOf( s.substring(3).trim() ); break; case 'K': kParameter = Float.valueOf( s.substring(3).trim() ); break; // continues... }

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• xmlns="> was not expected

  - by Anthony Shaw

  OK. I'm trying to work on communicating with the Pivotal Tracker API, which only returns data in an XML format. I have the following XML that I'm trying to deserialize into my domain model. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"? <stories type="array" count="2" total="2" <story <id type="integer"2909137</id <project_id type="integer"68153</project_id <story_typebug</story_type <urlhttp://www.pivotaltracker.com/story/show/2909137</url <current_stateunscheduled</current_state <description</description <nameTest #2</name <requested_byAnthony Shaw</requested_by <created_at type="datetime"2010/03/23 20:05:58 EDT</created_at <updated_at type="datetime"2010/03/23 20:05:58 EDT</updated_at </story <story <id type="integer"2909135</id <project_id type="integer"68153</project_id <story_typefeature</story_type <urlhttp://www.pivotaltracker.com/story/show/2909135</url <estimate type="integer"-1</estimate <current_stateunscheduled</current_state <description</description <nameTest #1</name <requested_byAnthony Shaw</requested_by <created_at type="datetime"2010/03/23 20:05:53 EDT</created_at <updated_at type="datetime"2010/03/23 20:05:53 EDT</updated_at </story </stories My 'story' object is created as follows: public class story { public int id { get; set; } public int estimate { get; set; } public int project_id { get; set; } public string story_type { get; set; } public string url { get; set; } public string current_state { get; set; } public string description { get; set; } public string name { get; set; } public string requested_by { get; set; } public string labels { get; set; } public string lighthouse_id { get; set; } public string lighthouse_url { get; set; } public string owned_by { get; set; } public string accepted_at { get; set; } public string created_at { get; set; } public attachment[] attachments { get; set; } public note[] notes { get; set; } } When I execute my deserialization code, I receive the following exception: Exception: There is an error in XML document (2, 2). Inner Exception: <stories xmlns='' was not expected. I can deserialize the individual stories just fine, I just cannot deserialize this xml into an array of 'story' objects And my serialization code var byteArray = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(value); var stream = new MemoryStream(byteArray); var deserializedObject = new XmlSerializer(typeof (story[])).Deserialize(stream) Does anybody have any ideas?

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• Element was not expected While Deserializing an Array with XML Serialization

  - by Anthony Shaw

  OK. I'm trying to work on communicating with the Pivotal Tracker API, which only returns data in an XML format. I have the following XML that I'm trying to deserialize into my domain model. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"? <stories type="array" count="2" total="2" <story <id type="integer"2909137</id <project_id type="integer"68153</project_id <story_typebug</story_type <urlhttp://www.pivotaltracker.com/story/show/2909137</url <current_stateunscheduled</current_state <description</description <nameTest #2</name <requested_byAnthony Shaw</requested_by <created_at type="datetime"2010/03/23 20:05:58 EDT</created_at <updated_at type="datetime"2010/03/23 20:05:58 EDT</updated_at </story <story <id type="integer"2909135</id <project_id type="integer"68153</project_id <story_typefeature</story_type <urlhttp://www.pivotaltracker.com/story/show/2909135</url <estimate type="integer"-1</estimate <current_stateunscheduled</current_state <description</description <nameTest #1</name <requested_byAnthony Shaw</requested_by <created_at type="datetime"2010/03/23 20:05:53 EDT</created_at <updated_at type="datetime"2010/03/23 20:05:53 EDT</updated_at </story </stories My 'story' object is created as follows: public class story { public int id { get; set; } public int estimate { get; set; } public int project_id { get; set; } public string story_type { get; set; } public string url { get; set; } public string current_state { get; set; } public string description { get; set; } public string name { get; set; } public string requested_by { get; set; } public string labels { get; set; } public string lighthouse_id { get; set; } public string lighthouse_url { get; set; } public string owned_by { get; set; } public string accepted_at { get; set; } public string created_at { get; set; } public attachment[] attachments { get; set; } public note[] notes { get; set; } } When I execute my deserialization code, I receive the following exception: Exception: There is an error in XML document (2, 2). Inner Exception: <stories xmlns='' was not expected. I can deserialize the individual stories just fine, I just cannot deserialize this xml into an array of 'story' objects And my deserialization code (value is a string of the xml) var byteArray = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(value); var stream = new MemoryStream(byteArray); var deserializedObject = new XmlSerializer(typeof (story[])).Deserialize(stream) Does anybody have any ideas?

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• Problem with format a single excel column with OLE automation using Delphi

  - by Snackmoore

  Dear All, I have piece of code which I use to format a range of cells in Excel. It works fine in Excel 2007 but when the range is only 1 column wide and it is Excel 2003 instead of 2007, I'll get an error saying the I am assigning invalid value for a border's line style. ** valuables such as "xlInsideHorizontal", I have declared them as CONSTANT with the proper values. Please help. procedure formatCells(FRCELLROW, FRCELLCOL, TOCELLROW, TOCELLCOL: Integer; TOPSTYLE, TOPCOLOUR, TOPWEIGHT, BOTTOMSTYLE, BOTTOMCOLOUR, BOTTOMWEIGHT, LEFTSTYLE, LEFTCOLOUR, LEFTWEIGHT, RIGHTSTYLE, RIGHTCOLOUR, RIGHTWEIGHT: Integer; INNERVSTYLE, INNERVCOLOUR, INNERVWEIGHT: Integer; INNERHSTYLE, INNERHCOLOUR, INNERHWEIGHT: Integer; HORIZONTALCELLALIGNMENT: Integer; FontBold: Boolean; NumberFormat: String ); var tmpRange: Variant; begin tmpRange := eclApp.range[eclApp.Cells[FRCELLROW, FRCELLCOL], eclApp.Cells[TOCELLROW, TOCELLCOL]]; tmpRange.Borders[xlEdgeTop].LineStyle := TOPSTYLE; if TOPSTYLE <> xlNone then begin tmpRange.Borders[xlEdgeTop].ColorIndex := TOPCOLOUR; tmpRange.Borders[xlEdgeTop].Weight := TOPWEIGHT; end; //if tmpRange.Borders[xlEdgeBottom].LineStyle := BOTTOMSTYLE; if BOTTOMSTYLE <> xlNone then begin tmpRange.Borders[xlEdgeBottom].ColorIndex := BOTTOMCOLOUR; tmpRange.Borders[xlEdgeBottom].Weight := BOTTOMWEIGHT; end; //if tmpRange.Borders[xlEdgeLeft].LineStyle := LEFTSTYLE; if LEFTSTYLE <> xlNone then begin tmpRange.Borders[xlEdgeLeft].ColorIndex := LEFTCOLOUR; tmpRange.Borders[xlEdgeLeft].Weight := LEFTWEIGHT; end; //if tmpRange.Borders[xlEdgeRight].LineStyle := RIGHTSTYLE; if RIGHTSTYLE <> xlNone then begin tmpRange.Borders[xlEdgeRight].ColorIndex := RIGHTCOLOUR; tmpRange.Borders[xlEdgeRight].Weight := RIGHTWEIGHT; end; //if tmpRange.Borders[xlInsideVertical].LineStyle := INNERVSTYLE; if INNERVSTYLE <> xlNone then begin tmpRange.Borders[xlInsideVertical].ColorIndex := INNERVCOLOUR; tmpRange.Borders[xlInsideVertical].Weight := INNERVWEIGHT; end; //if tmpRange.Borders[xlInsideHorizontal].LineStyle := INNERHSTYLE; if INNERHSTYLE <> xlNone then begin tmpRange.Borders[xlInsideHorizontal].ColorIndex := INNERHCOLOUR; tmpRange.Borders[xlInsideHorizontal].Weight := INNERHWEIGHT; end; //if tmpRange.HorizontalAlignment := HORIZONTALCELLALIGNMENT; tmpRange.Font.Bold := FontBold; tmpRange.NumberFormat := NumberFormat; end; //

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• Unintentional concatenation in Bison/Yacc grammar.

  - by troutwine

  I am experimenting with lex and yacc and have run into a strange issue, but I think it would be best to show you my code before detailing the issue. This is my lexer: %{ #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include "y.tab.h" void yyerror(char *); %} %% [a-zA-Z]+ { yylval.strV = yytext; return ID; } [0-9]+ { yylval.intV = atoi(yytext); return INTEGER; } [\n] { return *yytext; } [ \t] ; . yyerror("invalid character"); %% int yywrap(void) { return 1; } This is my parser: %{ #include <stdio.h> int yydebug=1; void prompt(); void yyerror(char *); int yylex(void); %} %union { int intV; char *strV; } %token INTEGER ID %% program: program statement EOF { prompt(); } | program EOF { prompt(); } | { prompt(); } ; args: /* empty */ | args ID { printf(":%s ", $<strV>2); } ; statement: ID args { printf("%s", $<strV>1); } | INTEGER { printf("%d", $<intV>1); } ; EOF: '\n' %% void yyerror(char *s) { fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", s); } void prompt() { printf("> "); } int main(void) { yyparse(); return 0; } A very simple language, consisting of no more than strings and integer and a basic REPL. Now, you'll note in the parser that args are output with a leading colon, the intention being that, when combined with the first pattern of the rule of the statement the interaction with the REPL would look something like this: > aaa aa a :aa :a aaa> However, the interaction is this: > aaa aa a :aa :a aaa aa aa > Why does the token ID in the following rule statement: ID args { printf("%s", $<strV>1); } | INTEGER { printf("%d", $<intV>1); } ; have the semantic value of the total input string, newline included? How can my grammar be reworked so that the interaction I intended?

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• SQLAlchemy unsupported type error - and table design issues?

  - by Az

  Hi there, back again with some more SQLAlchemy shenanigans. Let me step through this. My table is now set up as so: engine = create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:', echo=False) metadata = MetaData() students_table = Table('studs', metadata, Column('sid', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('name', String), Column('preferences', Integer), Column('allocated_rank', Integer), Column('allocated_project', Integer) ) metadata.create_all(engine) mapper(Student, students_table) Fairly simple, and for the most part I've been enjoying the ability to query almost any bit of information I want provided I avoid the error cases below. The class it is mapped from is: class Student(object): def __init__(self, sid, name): self.sid = sid self.name = name self.preferences = collections.defaultdict(set) self.allocated_project = None self.allocated_rank = 0 def __repr__(self): return str(self) def __str__(self): return "%s %s" %(self.sid, self.name) Explanation: preferences is basically a set of all the projects the student would prefer to be assigned. When the allocation algorithm kicks in, a student's allocated_project emerges from this preference set. Now if I try to do this: for student in students.itervalues(): session.add(student) session.commit() It throws two errors, one for the allocated_project column (seen below) and a similar error for the preferences column: sqlalchemy.exc.InterfaceError: (InterfaceError) Error binding parameter 4 - probably unsupported type. u'INSERT INTO studs (sid, name, allocated_rank, allocated_project) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)' [1101, 'Muffett,M.', 1, 888 Human-spider relationships (Supervisor id: 123)] If I go back into my code I find that, when I'm copying the preferences from the given text files, it actually refers to the Project class which is mapped to a dictionary, using the unique project id's (pid) as keys. Thus, as I iterate through each student via their rank and to the preferences set, it adds not a project id, but the reference to the project id from the projects dictionary. students[sid].preferences[int(rank)].add(projects[int(pid)]) Now this is very useful to me since I can find out all I want to about a student's preferred projects without having to run another check to pull up information about the project id. The form you see in the error has the object print information passed as: return "%s %s (Supervisor id: %s)" %(self.proj_id, self.proj_name, self.proj_sup) My questions are: I'm trying to store an object in a database field aren't I? Would the correct way then, be copying the project information (project id, name, etc) into its own table, referenced by the unique project id? That way I can just have the project id field for one of the student tables just be an integer id and when I need more information, just join the tables? So and so forth for other tables? If the above makes sense, then how does one maintain the relationship with a column of information in one table which is a key index on another table? Does this boil down into a database design problem? Are there any other elegant ways of accomplishing this? Apologies if this is a very long-winded question. It's rather crucial for me to solve this, so I've tried to explain as much as I can, whilst attempting to show that I'm trying (key word here sadly) to understand what could be going wrong.

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• How much time should it take to find the sum of all prime numbers less than 2 million?

  - by Shahensha

  I was trying to solve this Project Euler Question. I implemented the sieve of euler as a helper class in java. It works pretty well for the small numbers. But when I input 2 million as the limit it doesn't return the answer. I use Netbeans IDE. I waited for a lot many hours once, but it still didn't print the answer. When I stopped running the code, it gave the following result Java Result: 2147483647 BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 2,097 minutes 43 seconds) This answer is incorrect. Even after waiting for so much time, this isn't correct. While the same code returns correct answers for smaller limits. Sieve of euler has a very simple algo given at the botton of this page. My implementation is this: package support; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; /** * * @author admin */ public class SieveOfEuler { int upperLimit; List<Integer> primeNumbers; public SieveOfEuler(int upperLimit){ this.upperLimit = upperLimit; primeNumbers = new ArrayList<Integer>(); for(int i = 2 ; i <= upperLimit ; i++) primeNumbers.add(i); generatePrimes(); } private void generatePrimes(){ int currentPrimeIndex = 0; int currentPrime = 2; while(currentPrime <= Math.sqrt(upperLimit)){ ArrayList<Integer> toBeRemoved = new ArrayList<Integer>(); for(int i = currentPrimeIndex ; i < primeNumbers.size() ; i++){ int multiplier = primeNumbers.get(i); toBeRemoved.add(currentPrime * multiplier); } for(Integer i : toBeRemoved){ primeNumbers.remove(i); } currentPrimeIndex++; currentPrime = primeNumbers.get(currentPrimeIndex); } } public List getPrimes(){ return primeNumbers; } public void displayPrimes(){ for(double i : primeNumbers) System.out.println(i); } } I am perplexed! My questions is 1) Why is it taking so much time? Is there something wrong in what I am doing? Please suggest ways for improving my coding style, if you find something wrong.

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• Making an efficient algorithm

  - by James P.

  Here's my recent submission for the FB programming contest (qualifying round only requires to upload program output so source code doesn't matter). The objective is to find two squares that add up to a given value. I've left it as it is as an example. It does the job but is too slow for my liking. Here's the points that are obviously eating up time: List of squares is being recalculated for each call of getNumOfDoubleSquares(). This could be precalculated or extended when needed. Both squares are being checked for when it is only necessary to check for one (complements). There might be a more efficient way than a double-nested loop to find pairs. Other suggestions? Besides this particular problem, what do you look for when optimizing an algorithm? public static int getNumOfDoubleSquares( Integer target ){ int num = 0; ArrayList<Integer> squares = new ArrayList<Integer>(); ArrayList<Integer> found = new ArrayList<Integer>(); int squareValue = 0; for( int j=0; squareValue<=target; j++ ){ squares.add(j, squareValue); squareValue = (int)Math.pow(j+1,2); } int squareSum = 0; System.out.println( "Target=" + target ); for( int i = 0; i < squares.size(); i++ ){ int square1 = squares.get(i); for( int j = 0; j < squares.size(); j++ ){ int square2 = squares.get(j); squareSum = square1 + square2; if( squareSum == target && !found.contains( square1 ) && !found.contains( square2 ) ){ found.add(square1); found.add(square2); System.out.println( "Found !" + square1 +"+"+ square2 +"="+ squareSum); num++; } } } return num; }

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• Why this search can not generate correct result?

  - by user482742

  Hi, All: Below is to find same customer and if he is in list, the number add one. If he is not in the list, just add him in the list. I use Search function to do this, but failed and generated incorrect records. It can not find the customer or the right number of customers. But if I use For..loop to iterate the list, it does well and can find the customer and add new customer in that for..loop search procedure. (I did not paste for ..loop search procedrue here). Another problem is that there is no difference between setting list.sorted true and false. It seems Search function is not correct. This search function is from an example of delphi textbook. The below is with Delphi 7. Thank you. Procedure Form1.create; begin list:=Tstringlist.create; list.sorted:=true; // Search function will generate exactly Same and Incorrect //records no matter list.sorted is set true or false. list.duplicates:=dupignore; .. end; Procedure addcustomer; var .. begin while p1.MatchAgain do begin //p1 is regular expression customer:=p1.MatchedExpression; if (search(customer)=false) then begin list.Add(customer+'=1'); end; allcustomer:=allcustomer+1; .. end; Function Tform1.search(customer: string): boolean; var fre:string; num:integer; L:integer; R:integer; M: Integer; CompareResult: Integer; found: boolean; begin result:=false; found:=false; L := 0; R := List.Count - 1; while (L <= R) and ( not found ) do begin M := (L + R) div 2; CompareResult := Comparetext(list.Names[m]), customer); if (compareresult=0) then begin fre:=list.ValueFromIndex [m]; num:=strtoint(fre); num:=num+1; list.ValueFromIndex[m]:=inttostr(num); Found := True; Result := true; exit; end else if compareresult > 0 then r := m - 1 else l := m + 1; end; end;

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• Randomised objects are assigning themselves to more than one array location

  - by Thaddeus Aid

  this.size = 9; this.populationSize = 10; Random rand = new Random(); Integer[][] easy1 = new Integer[size][size]; easy1 = this.initializeEasy1(easy1); this.sudokuArray = new Sudoku[this.populationSize]; for (int i = 0; i < this.sudokuArray.length; i++){ long seed = rand.nextLong(); System.out.println("" + seed); this.sudokuArray[i] = new Sudoku(easy1, this.size, seed); } I am building an evolutionary sudoku solver and I am having a problem where the last Sudoku object is overwriting all the other objects in the array. Where in the code did I mess up? /edit here is the constructor of the class public Sudoku(Integer[][] givensGrid, int s, long seed){ this.size = s; this.givens = givensGrid; this.grid = this.givens.clone(); Random rand = new Random(seed); System.out.println("Random " + rand.nextInt()); // step though each row of the grid for (int i = 0; i < size; i++){ ArrayList<Integer> numbers = new ArrayList<Integer>(); numbers = this.makeNumbers(numbers); // step through each column to find the givens and remove from numbers for (int j = 0; j < size; j++){ if (this.grid[i][j] != 0){ numbers.remove(this.grid[i][j]); } } // go back through the row and assign the numbers randomly for (int j = 0; j < size; j++){ if (this.grid[i][j] == 0){ int r = rand.nextInt(numbers.size()); this.grid[i][j] = numbers.get(r); numbers.remove(r); } } } System.out.println("============="); System.out.println(this.toString()); }

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• How would you gather client's data on Google App Engine without using Datastore/Backend Instances too much?

  - by ruslan

  I'm relatively new to StackExchange and not sure if it's appropriate place to ask design question. Site gives me a hint "The question you're asking appears subjective and is likely to be closed". Please let me know. Anyway.. One of the projects I'm working on is online survey engine. It's my first big commercial project on Google App Engine. I need your advice on how to collect stats and efficiently record them in DataStore without bankrupting me. Initial requirements are: After user finishes survey client sends list of pairs [ID (int) + PercentHit (double)]. This list shows how close answers of this user match predefined answers of reference answerers (which identified by IDs). I call them "target IDs". Creator of the survey wants to see aggregated % for given IDs for last hour, particular timeframe or from the beginning of the survey. Some surveys may have thousands of target/reference answerers. So I created entity public class HitsStatsDO implements Serializable { @Id transient private Long id; transient private Long version = (long) 0; transient private Long startDate; @Parent transient private Key parent; // fake parent which contains target id @Transient int targetId; private double avgPercent; private long hitCount; } But writing HitsStatsDO for each target from each user would give a lot of data. For instance I had a survey with 3000 targets which was answered by ~4 million people within one week with 300K people taking survey in first day. Even if we assume they were answering it evenly for 24 hours it would give us ~1040 writes/second. Obviously it hits concurrent writes limit of Datastore. I decided I'll collect data for one hour and save that, that's why there are avgPercent and hitCount in HitsStatsDO. GAE instances are stateless so I had to use dynamic backend instance. There I have something like this: // Contains stats for one hour private class Shard { ReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(); Map<Integer, HitsStatsDO> map = new HashMap<Integer, HitsStatsDO>(); // Key is target ID public void saveToDatastore(); public void updateStats(Long startDate, Map<Integer, Double> hits); } and map with shard for current hour and previous hour (which doesn't stay here for long) private HashMap<Long, Shard> shards = new HashMap<Long, Shard>(); // Key is HitsStatsDO.startDate So once per hour I dump Shard for previous hour to Datastore. Plus I have class LifetimeStats which keeps Map<Integer, HitsStatsDO> in memcached where map-key is target ID. Also in my backend shutdown hook method I dump stats for unfinished hour to Datastore. There is only one major issue here - I have only ONE backend instance :) It raises following questions on which I'd like to hear your opinion: Can I do this without using backend instance ? What if one instance is not enough ? How can I split data between multiple dynamic backend instances? It hard because I don't know how many I have because Google creates new one as load increases. I know I can launch exact number of resident backend instances. But how many ? 2, 5, 10 ? What if I have no load at all for a week. Constantly running 10 backend instances is too expensive. What do I do with data from clients while backend instance is dead/restarting? Thank you very much in advance for your thoughts.

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• How can I gather client's data on Google App Engine without using Datastore/Backend Instances too much?

  - by ruslan

  One of the projects I'm working on is online survey engine. It's my first big commercial project on Google App Engine. I need your advice on how to collect stats and efficiently record them in DataStore without bankrupting me. Initial requirements are: After user finishes survey client sends list of pairs [ID (int) + PercentHit (double)]. This list shows how close answers of this user match predefined answers of reference answerers (which identified by IDs). I call them "target IDs". Creator of the survey wants to see aggregated % for given IDs for last hour, particular timeframe or from the beginning of the survey. Some surveys may have thousands of target/reference answerers. So I created entity public class HitsStatsDO implements Serializable { @Id transient private Long id; transient private Long version = (long) 0; transient private Long startDate; @Parent transient private Key parent; // fake parent which contains target id @Transient int targetId; private double avgPercent; private long hitCount; } But writing HitsStatsDO for each target from each user would give a lot of data. For instance I had a survey with 3000 targets which was answered by ~4 million people within one week with 300K people taking survey in first day. Even if we assume they were answering it evenly for 24 hours it would give us ~1040 writes/second. Obviously it hits concurrent writes limit of Datastore. I decided I'll collect data for one hour and save that, that's why there are avgPercent and hitCount in HitsStatsDO. GAE instances are stateless so I had to use dynamic backend instance. There I have something like this: // Contains stats for one hour private class Shard { ReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(); Map<Integer, HitsStatsDO> map = new HashMap<Integer, HitsStatsDO>(); // Key is target ID public void saveToDatastore(); public void updateStats(Long startDate, Map<Integer, Double> hits); } and map with shard for current hour and previous hour (which doesn't stay here for long) private HashMap<Long, Shard> shards = new HashMap<Long, Shard>(); // Key is HitsStatsDO.startDate So once per hour I dump Shard for previous hour to Datastore. Plus I have class LifetimeStats which keeps Map<Integer, HitsStatsDO> in memcached where map-key is target ID. Also in my backend shutdown hook method I dump stats for unfinished hour to Datastore. There is only one major issue here - I have only ONE backend instance :) It raises following questions on which I'd like to hear your opinion: Can I do this without using backend instance ? What if one instance is not enough ? How can I split data between multiple dynamic backend instances? It hard because I don't know how many I have because Google creates new one as load increases. I know I can launch exact number of resident backend instances. But how many ? 2, 5, 10 ? What if I have no load at all for a week. Constantly running 10 backend instances is too expensive. What do I do with data from clients while backend instance is dead/restarting?

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• concurrency::extent<N> from amp.h

  - by Daniel Moth

  Overview We saw in a previous post how index<N> represents a point in N-dimensional space and in this post we'll see how to define the N-dimensional space itself. With C++ AMP, an N-dimensional space can be specified with the template class extent<N> where you define the size of each dimension. From a look and feel perspective, you'd expect the programmatic interface of a point type and size type to be similar (even though the concepts are different). Indeed, exactly like index<N>, extent<N> is essentially a coordinate vector of N integers ordered from most- to least- significant, BUT each integer represents the size for that dimension (and hence cannot be negative). So, if you read the description of index, you won't be surprised with the below description of extent<N> There is the rank field returning the value of N you passed as the template parameter. You can construct one extent from another (via the copy constructor or the assignment operator), you can construct it by passing an integer array, or via convenience constructor overloads for 1- 2- and 3- dimension extents. Note that the parameterless constructor creates an extent of the specified rank with all bounds initialized to 0. You can access the components of the extent through the subscript operator (passing it an integer). You can perform some arithmetic operations between extent objects through operator overloading, i.e. ==, !=, +=, -=, +, -. There are operator overloads so that you can perform operations between an extent and an integer: -- (pre- and post- decrement), ++ (pre- and post- increment), %=, *=, /=, +=, –= and, finally, there are additional overloads for plus and minus (+,-) between extent<N> and index<N> objects, returning a new extent object as the result. In addition to the usual suspects, extent offers a contains function that tests if an index is within the bounds of the extent (assuming an origin of zero). It also has a size function that returns the total linear size of this extent<N> in units of elements. Example code extent<2> e(3, 4); _ASSERT(e.rank == 2); _ASSERT(e.size() == 3 * 4); e += 3; e[1] += 6; e = e + index<2>(3,-4); _ASSERT(e == extent<2>(9, 9)); _ASSERT( e.contains(index<2>(8, 8))); _ASSERT(!e.contains(index<2>(8, 9))); grid<N> Our upcoming pre-release bits also have a similar type to extent, grid<N>. The way you create a grid is by passing it an extent, e.g. extent<3> e(4,2,6); grid<3> g(e); I am not going to dive deeper into grid, suffice for now to think of grid<N> simply as an alias for the extent<N> object, that you create when you encounter a function that expects a grid object instead of an extent object. Usage The extent class on its own simply defines the size of the N-dimensional space. We'll see in future posts that when you create containers (arrays) and wrappers (array_views) for your data, it is an extent<N> object that you'll need to use to create those (and use an index<N> object to index into them). We'll also see that it is a grid<N> object that you pass to the new parallel_for_each function that I'll cover in the next post. Comments about this post by Daniel Moth welcome at the original blog.

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• Jetty and Access Denied

  - by Laurent

  Hello, I am using several libraries in a maven project and one of these libraries is Jetty (6.1.18). It is a mandatory dependency for an another library. If I run my application from eclipse, with the eclipse classpath which is set by the maven eclipse plugin, all works. However, if I generate a one jar with dependencies and then I run my application from this jar, I get the following exception : Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError at org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector.<init>(SelectChannelConnector.java:70) ... Caused by: java.security.AccessControlException: access denied (java.util.PropertyPermission org.mortbay.io.nio.JVMBUG_THRESHHOLD read) at java.security.AccessControlContext.checkPermission(AccessControlContext.java:323) at java.security.AccessController.checkPermission(AccessController.java:546) at java.lang.SecurityManager.checkPermission(SecurityManager.java:532) at java.lang.SecurityManager.checkPropertyAccess(SecurityManager.java:1285) at java.lang.System.getProperty(System.java:650) at java.lang.Integer.getInteger(Integer.java:865) at java.lang.Integer.getInteger(Integer.java:823) at org.mortbay.io.nio.SelectorManager.<clinit>(SelectorManager.java:47) ... 27 more I think it is due to a file which is overridden by an another with the same name when the one jar is built but I have no idea where to look for. Does someone has an idea ?

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• search all paths and the shortest path for a graph - Prolog

  - by prologian

  Hi , I have a problem in my code with turbo prolog wich search all paths and the shortest path for a graph between 2 nodes the problem that i have is to test if the node is on the list or not exactly in the clause of member and this is my code : /* 1 ---- b ---- 3 --- | --- --- | ----- a |5 d --- | ----- --- | --- 2 --- | --- 4 -- c -- for example we have for b--->c ([b,c],5) , ([b,a,c],3) and ([b,d,c],7) : possible paths. ([b,a,c],3) : the shortest path. */ DOMAINS list=Symbol * PREDICATES distance(Symbol,Symbol) path1(Symbol,Symbol,list,integer) path(Symbol,Symbol,list,list,integer) distance(Symbol,list,integer) member(Symbol,list) shortest(Symbol,Symbol,list,integer) CLAUSES distance(a,b,1). distance(a,c,2). distance(b,d,3). distance(c,d,4). distance(b,c,5). distance(b,a,1). distance(c,a,2). distance(d,b,3). distance(d,c,4). distance(c,b,5). member(X, [Y|T]) :- X = Y; member(X, T). absent(X,L) :-member(X, L),!,fail. absent(_,_). /*find all paths*/ path1(X, Y, L, C):- path(X, Y, L, I, C). path(X, X, [X], I, C) :- absent(X, I). path(X, Y, [X|R], I, C) :- distance(X, Z, A) , absent(Z, I), path(Z, Y, R, [X|I] ,C1) , C=C1+A . /*to find the shortest path*/ shortest(X, Y, L, C):-path(X, Y, L, C),path(X, Y, L1, C1),C<C1.

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• Entity Data Model & DataGridView - Creating new objects

  - by AcousticBoom

  I'm pretty new to the EDM, so bear with me. I have a windows form that has a DataGridView on it that's bound from the EDM I created. I figured out how to update my changes fine, but it's when the user creates a new row that I'm having a problem. I tried numerous ways and many google searches, but came up with nothing so far. Here's how the data is loaded: Dim boilerID As Integer = DirectCast(ddlBoiler.SelectedValue, Integer) Dim countryID As Integer = DirectCast(ddlCountry.SelectedValue, Integer) Dim ratings = From r In _Context.Rating _ Where r.Boiler.Boiler_ID = boilerID _ And r.Country.Country_ID = countryID _ Order By r.Sequence _ Select r RatingBindingSource.DataSource = ratings.ToList() Also, all I'm doing to save the information right now is the following: Private Sub btnSave_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnSave.Click _Context.SaveChanges() End Sub I want the user to be able to use the grid's "new row" feature to add new items to the database instead of having to click a button and open a new dialog. How would this be accomplished? I can include some of the methods i tried for adding new items if anyone needs to see. Thanks!

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• How to override ATTR_DEFAULT_IDENTIFIER_OPTIONS in Models in Doctrine?

  - by user309083

  Here someone explained that setting a 'primary' attribute for any row in your Model will override Doctrine_Manager's ATTR_DEFAULT_IDENTIFIER_OPTIONS attribute: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2040675/how-do-you-override-a-constant-in-doctrines-models This works, however if you have a many to many relation whereby the intermediate table is created, even if you have set both columns in the intermediate to primary an error still results when Doctrine tries to place an index on the nonexistant 'id' column upon table creation. Here's my code: //Bootstrap // set the default primary key to be named 'id', integer, 4 bytes Doctrine_Manager::getInstance()->setAttribute( Doctrine_Core::ATTR_DEFAULT_IDENTIFIER_OPTIONS, array('name' => 'id', 'type' => 'integer', 'length' => 4)); //User Model class User extends Doctrine_Record { public function setTableDefinition() { $this->setTableName('users'); } public function setUp() { $this->hasMany('Role as roles', array( 'local' => 'id', 'foreign' => 'user_id', 'refClass' => 'UserRole', 'onDelete' => 'CASCADE' )); } } //Role Model class Role extends Doctrine_Record { public function setTableDefinition() { $this->setTableName('roles'); } public function setUp() { $this->hasMany('User as users', array( 'local' => 'id', 'foreign' => 'role_id', 'refClass' => 'UserRole' )); } } //UserRole Model class UserRole extends Doctrine_Record { public function setTableDefinition() { $this->setTableName('roles_users'); $this->hasColumn('user_id', 'integer', 4, array('primary'=>true)); $this->hasColumn('role_id', 'integer', 4, array('primary'=>true)); } } Resulting error: SQLSTATE[42000]: Syntax error or access violation: 1072 Key column 'id' doesn't exist in table. Failing Query: "CREATE TABLE roles_users (user_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL, role_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL, INDEX id_idx (id), PRIMARY KEY(user_id, role_id)) ENGINE = INNODB". Failing Query: CREATE TABLE roles_users (user_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL, role_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL, INDEX id_idx (id), PRIMARY KEY(user_id, role_id)) ENGINE = INNODB I'm creating my tables using Doctrine::createTablesFromModels();

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• Reading binary data from serial port using Dejan TComport Delphi component

  - by johnma

  Apologies for this question but I am a bit of a noob with Delphi. I am using Dejan TComport component to get data from a serial port. A box of equipment connected to the port sends about 100 bytes of binary data to the serial port. What I want to do is extract the bytes as numerical values into an array so that I can perform calculations on them. TComport has a method Read(buffer,Count) which reads DATA from input buffer. function Read(var Buffer; Count: Integer): Integer; The help says the Buffer variable must be large enough to hold Count bytes but does not provide any example of how to use this function. I can see that the Count variable holds the number of bytes received but I can't find a way to access the bytes in Buffer. TComport also has a methord Readstr which reads data from input buffer into a STRING variable. function ReadStr(var Str: String; Count: Integer): Integer; Again the Count variable shows the number of bytes received and I can use Memo1.Text:=str to display some information but obviously Memo1 has problems displaying the control characters. I have tried various ways to try and extract the byte data from Str but so far without success. I am sure it must be easy. Here's hoping.

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• Creating instance of a service-side DataContract class on client-side in WCF

  - by hgulyan

  Hi, I have my custom class Customer with its properties. I added DataContract mark above the class and DataMember to properties and it was working fine, but I'm calling a service class's function, passing customer instance as parameter and some of my properties get 0 values. While debugging I can see my properties values and after it gets to the function, some properties' values are 0. Why it can be so? There's no code between this two actions. DataContract mark workes fine, everything's ok. Any suggestions on this issue? I tried to change ByRef to ByVal, but it doesn't change anything. Why it would pass other values right and some of integer types just 0? Maybe the answer is simple, but I can't figure it out. Thank You. <DataContract()> Public Class Customer Private Type_of_clientField As Integer = -1 <DataMember(Order:=1)> Public Property type_of_client() As Integer Get Return Type_of_clientField End Get Set(ByVal value As Integer) Type_of_clientField = value End Set End Property End Class <ServiceContract(SessionMode:=SessionMode.Allowed)> <DataContractFormat()> Public Interface CustomerService <OperationContract()> Function addCustomer(ByRef customer As Customer) As Long End Interface type_of_client properties value is 6 before I call addCustomer function. After it enters that function the value is 0. UPDATE: The issue is in instance creating. When I create an instance of a class on client side, that is stored on service side, some of my properties pass 0 or nothing, but when I call a function of a service class, that returns a new instance of that class, it works fine. What's is the difference? Could that be serialization issue?

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• How to create Fibonacci Sequence in Java

  - by rfkrocktk

  I really suck at math. I mean, I REALLY suck at math. I'm trying to make a simple fibonacci sequence class for an algorithm I'll be using. I have seen the python example which looks something like this: a = 0 b = 1 while b < 10: print b a, b = b, b+a The problem is that I can't really make this work in any other language. I'd like to make it work in Java, since I can pretty much translate it into the other languages I use from there. This is the general thought: public class FibonacciAlgorithm { private Integer a = 0; private Integer b = 1; public FibonacciAlgorithm() { } public Integer increment() { a = b; b = a + b; return value; } public Integer getValue() { return b; } } All that I end up with is doubling, which I could do with multiplication :( Can anyone help me out? Math pwns me.

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