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• R get rid of rows with duplicate attribute

  - by CatholicEvangelist

  hi there I have a big dataframe with columns such as: ID, time, OS, IP Each row of that dataframe corresponds to one entry. Within that dataframe for some IDs serveral entries (rows) exist. I would like to get rid of those multiple rows (obviously the other attributes will differ for the same ID). Or put different: I only want one single entry (row) for each ID. Could anyone be so kind and help me out on this one? When I use unique, on the ID column, I only recieve the levels (or each unique ID), but I want to keep the other attributes as well... I have tried to use apply(x,2,unique(data$ID)), but this does not work either... Any help is highly appreciated!

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• Recommendations with hierarchical data on non-relational databases?

  - by Luki

  I'm developing an web application that uses a non-relational database as a backend (django-nonrel + AppEngine). I need to store some hierarchical data (projects/subproject_1/subproject_N/tasks), and I'm wondering which pattern should I use. For now I thought of: Adjacency List (store the item's parent id) Nested sets (store left and right values for the item) In my case, the depth of nesting for a normal user will not exceed 4-5 levels. Also, on the UI, I would like to have a pagination for the items on the first level, to avoid to load too many items at the first page load. From what I understand so far, nested sets are great when the hierarchy is used more for displaying. Adjacency lists are great when editing on the tree is done often. In my case I guess I need the displaying more than the editing (when using nested sets, even if the display would work great, the above pagination could complicate things on editing). Do you have any thoughts and advice, based on your experience with the non-relational databases?

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• Maximum number of files in one ext3 directory while still getting acceptable performance?

  - by knorv

  I have an application writing to an ext3 directory which over time has grown to roughly three million files. Needless to say, reading the file listing of this directory is unbearably slow. I don't blame ext3. The proper solution would have been to let the application code write to sub-directories such as ./a/b/c/abc.ext rather than using only ./abc.ext. I'm changing to such a sub-directory structure and my question is simply: roughly how many files should I expect to store in one ext3 directory while still getting acceptable performance? What's your experience? Or in other words; assuming that I need to store three million files in the structure, how many levels deep should the ./a/b/c/abc.ext structure be? Obviously this is a question that cannot be answered exactly, but I'm looking for a ball park estimate.

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• Questions about "casting operation" in OOP

  - by rhapsodyn

  When programming, we usually use some type-casting operations. When the casting happens on the objects "on the same level", it feels ok. But when it happens on the ojects "on the different levels"(mainly between father and son), it feels weird. Considering this: Class Son extends Father WhenSon s = (Son)father;, it's absolutely unreasonable. Because a "Son" is not a "Father" anymore, "Son" may grow up with some new properties "Father" doesn't have, the casting operation makes these properties unknown. On the other hand, Father f = (Father)son seems reasonable, but according to LSP "An instance of a derived should be able to replace any instance of its superclass" A "Son" can do anything his "Father" can, so the casting operation seems useless. So can i say that these casting operations are agaisnt OO design principle but necessary?

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• drupal display submenu when parent has been selected

  - by Steven Cheng

  I've have a menu structure that has a depth of 3 levels on a drupal 6 CMS. When I click on a level 1 that has children, the level 2 menu items display fine. If the level 2 has children, it is not showing the level 3. If I check the expanded box the level 3 is displayed however, it displays all the time irrespective of the level 2 that has been selected. It seems to display whenever it's parent level 1 is selected. For further information, the menu items are a mixture of custom links & content links. i.e. Links I've enetered manually when creating the menu and others generated by when creating a node or view display. All I want is to show the children if there are any for the selected parent. Am I missing something fundamental here? Thanks Steve

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• Is there any way to prevent the display of unmatched xml tags using xslt?

  - by StevenWilkins

  Here is a contrived example of an xml document. In my real world case, the xml is fairly complex with multiple nested levels. <alphabet> <a>A</a> <b>B</b> <c>C</c> ... and so on </alphabet> Using xslt, I want to transform the document so that only the vowels are printed. In my real world case, we're using empty template match tags to block the display. But that's too verbose for my liking.

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• SQL Alchemy: Relationship with grandson

  - by giomasce

  I'm building a SQL Alchemy structure with three different levels of objects; for example, consider a simple database to store information about some blogs: there are some Blog object, some Post object and some Comment objects. Each Post belongs to a Blog and each Comment belongs to a Post. Using backref I can automatically have the list of all Posts belonging to a Blog and similarly for Comments. I drafted a skeleton for such a structure. What I would like to do now is to have directly in Blog an array of all the Comments belonging to that Blog. I've tried a few approaches, but they don't work or even make SQL Alchemy cry in ways I can't fix. I'd think that mine is quite a frequent need, but I couldn't find anything helpful. Colud someone suggest me how to do that? Thanks.

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• How to very efficiently assign lat/long to city boundary described by shape ?

  - by watcherFR

  I have a huge shapefile of 36.000 non-overlapping polygones (city boundaries). I want to easily determine the polygone into which a given lat/long falls. What would the best way given that it must be extremely computationaly efficient ? I was thinking of creating a lookup table (tilex,tiley,polygone_id) where tilex and tiley are tile identifiers at zoom levels 21 or 22. Yes, the lack of precision of using tile numbers and a planar projection is acceptable in my application. I would rather not use postgres's GIS extension and am fine with a program that will run for 2 days to generate all the INSERT statements.

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• Any tips of how to handle hierarchial trees in relational model?

  - by George

  Hello all. I have a tree structure that can be n-levels deep, without restriction. That means that each node can have another n nodes. What is the best way to retrieve a tree like that without issuing thousands of queries to the database? I looked at a few other models, like flat table model, Preorder Tree Traversal Algorithm, and so. Do you guys have any tips or suggestions of how to implement a efficient tree model? My objective in the real end is to have one or two queries that would spit the whole tree for me. With enough processing i can display the tree in dot net, but that would be in client machine, so, not much of a big deal. Thanks for the attention

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• write cache and write sequence order

  - by excanoe

  ok, here i have some weird question: let say we have some binary file (.log), and sequence of write operations, for example log1, log2, log3 and each has some block size n (raw data). question: can I be sure that log1,log2 and log3 sequences can be written in the correct order in ONE file, even if i have few cache levels (disk hardware and os level)? update very interested in what will be with records order (not with records) if we have software or hardware failure (reboot or another reason). update there can be some percent of write failures, but main question is: will write order stay correct?

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• How do you manage web navigation info in your application?

  - by Dave

  I’m building an application where different users will have different menu items available to them depending on what they’ve paid for. There will also be multiple levels to the menu hierarchy. What’s the best approach to this problem? I’m assuming I need a database table that represents the menu hierarchy, including the parent-child relationships of the nodes in the navigation as well as the sorting of the items. Then another table which I use to manage whether a user is authorized to access a particular item in that table. When I render the view, I’d reference the menus, and the access rights of the user to output the menu, and I’d also need a function to check that same authorization from each controller in case a user manually types in a URL of a controller they’re not supposed to have access to. Is this the right approach? Any suggestions for caching this to prevent the constant look-ups of this type of info? I’m open to any suggestions on how you may have approached this type of requirement.

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• Need Java Swing equivalent of "scrollIntoView" from Browser DOM

  - by bgould

  I have a JPanel with several levels of child components, also with a JScrollPane. I'm placing a focus listener on some of the child components to add some behavior to those components, but I would also like to have that component scroll into the JPanel's viewport when focus is gained. My question is, does anyone have a general purpose function to do this, similar to the browser DOM function "scrollIntoView"? I've tried muddling through this with various inputs to JComponent.scrollRectToVisible but I guess I haven't figured out the magic word. Thanks in advance.

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• How to normalize a database where different user groups have different kinds of profiles?

  - by Stephen

  My application database has a Groups table that separates users into logical roles and defines access levels (admin, owner, salesperson, customer service, etc.) Groups has many Users. The Users table contains login details such as username and password. Now I wish to add user profiles to my database. The trouble I'm having (probably due to my relative unfamiliarity with proper database normalization) is that different user groups have different kinds of profiles. Ergo, a salesperson's profile will include his commission percentage, whereas an admin or customer service would not need this value. So, would the proper method be to create a unique profile table for each group? (e.g. admin_profiles, or salesperson_profiles). or is there a better way that combines certain details in a generic profile, while some users have extended info. And if so, whats a good example of how to do this with the commission example given?

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• Save application preferences... registry/file?

  - by spender

  Where is the best place to store application preferences? In particular, I'd like to save preferences for a media player such as volume levels and the like. Two candidates spring to mind... file and registry. Which would be more appropriate? As a follow up to this, I'm also wondering if there are any APIs that aid in creating application specific settings. Unless someone advises me that this is wrong, I'd like to save stuff either in HKCU... or HKLM/Software/MyCompanyName/MyAppName/Key for the registry, or in %APPDATA\MyCompanyName\MyAppName\someTypeOfSettingsFile. As these seem to be commonly used for such settings, I'd assume that .Net makes it easy to store settings in these locations. Is there a simple high level API that can .Net offer me to read and write settings to these common locations?

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• Web app implementation question.

  - by John Berryman

  I would like to create a web app similar to Stack Overflow in that the users will have different "point" levels and that their capabilities within the web app will be different based upon their point level. Question: How can this best be implemented? How can it be implemented in a way that is un-hackable (i.e. accessing capabilities that should not be available)? I figure there are two ways to do this: server-side and client-side. For the server-side solution, for each page request you check who the user is and have the CGI rewrite the page so that the client only gets a web page with the intended capabilities. For the client-side solution, the server gives the client the fully capable app and it is the client's job to check the point level and to handicap the app appropriately. It seems like the client-side solution would be easier on the server, (which is really important for my app), but more susceptible to someone hacking and using capabilities unwarranted by their point level.

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• Keeping Computer Science Writing Accessible and Eloquent

  - by Federer

  This question is particularly aimed at descriptions and explanations of what is happening in a computer program, as well as any general advice or approaches for undertaking technical reports in Computer Science at both undergraduate and graduate levels. You see, I am having particular difficulty in the best way to explain what is happening. As in, given any given program from a multi-agent system to a standard webservice, the best and most eloquent way to say exactly what is going on, the logic behind it and it's respective justifications. Should I avoid saying class names? Avoid specifying methods? Keep referring to class variables and any particular references? I'm banging my head against the wall at trying to keep a solid technical foundation and making it accessible to people of all backgrounds. Apologies for the rather vague question. Cheers.

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• hibernate transaction safety (with, without JBoss)

  - by Andy Nuss

  Hi, I am currently using just Hibernate and tomcat (no JBoss), and have hibernate transactions which I'm not clear on what transaction safety level I'm actually using, especially for those which read and get values and then update them). Thus I might be getting dirty reads? So I'm going to start having to study my transactions that require non-dirty reads, and make sure that (1) hibernate controls the transaction safety level of those transactions properly, and (2) be able to still have those transactions where dirty reads are ok. Do I need to install Hibernate with JBoss to control transaction safety levels? If so, what's the easiest way to do this without dramatically changing my application to use the J2EE apis, as I am currently using the basic Hibernate apis. Or better, can I get JTA control with Hibernate without using JBoss? Andy

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• how to build custom menu using asp.net

  - by Turi

  hi all, i have this situation: i have to build a menu with datasource from the db, because i have to filter them among the user that is loged in. i have tried building a menu using repeater, and all this works fine till i realized that i wanted the menu with more than two levels. i have also tried with treeview, but i really don't want this solution (problem with the style and the treeview doesn't have a pretty view). Could anyone give me any ideas ? thnx in advance.

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• Update ancestors in a nested set?

  - by Travis

  I am using nested sets to represent a tree in mysql, like so: Tree ID title lft rgt Given the ID of a node in the tree, what is the easiest / best way to UPDATE that node as well as all of it's ancestors? For example, let's say that the node ID (36) is 4 levels deep in the tree. I would like to update its title, as well as every parent node's title, all the way to the root, to the word "fish". (Should be four updates in all.) Thanks for your help!

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• Best way to update UI from other classes?

  - by Jack

  I've got several nested classes, with the following structure: BackupLocation contains list of BackupClients BackupClients contains a list of BackupVersions BackupVersions contains a list of BackupFiles In my UI - Im populating a combo box with BackupLocations - and have several listboxes for the clients, versions, and files. When processing the BackupLocations - I can update my status bar easily because thats the top level class that the UI creates. But how can I update the status bar and progress bar on each file being processed? Since the BackupFiles are 3 levels deep, I cant see any way to update the UI. The actual processing of the files are within the BackupVersion class - which loads its files. I think it probably has something to do with events and delegates - but am unsure exactly how to proceed with this, any help would be appreciated.

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• why is link generated in YUI javascript failing to render in rails?

  - by pmneve

  Using YAHOO.widget.treeview to generate a table with three levels of data: module, submodule, and detail. If there is an image associated with a detail row the javascript generates a link: "<td><a href=\"/screenshot/show/" + rowData.id + "\">Screenshot</a></td>" that is appended to the html for the row. The url is generated correctly and the link appears. When clicked nothing happens except the word 'Done' appears in the browser status bar. Am calling the very same url from another page that does not use javascript and the screenshot page appears as expected. Here is the controller. class ScreenshotController < ApplicationController def show if @detail.screen_path.length 1 @imagePath = "#{RAILS_ROOT}" + "/private/#{Company.find(@detail.company_id).subdir}/" + "#{Project.find(@detail.project_id).subdir}/screenshot/" + "#{@detail.screen_path}" send_file ( @imagePath, :type = 'image/jpeg', :disposition = 'inline') end end end A sample url: http://localhost:3004/screenshot/show/20854 This code from show.html.erb belonging to the detail model works: <%= link_to 'View', :controller = 'screenshot', :id = @detail.id, :action = 'show' % Any ideas???

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• misleading plot issue in mathematica

  - by Qiang Li

  I want to study some "strange" functions by plotting them out in mathematica. One example is the following: mod2[x_] := Which[Mod[x, 2] >= 1, -2 + Mod[x, 2], True, Mod[x, 2]]; f[x_] := Which[-1 <= x <= 1, Abs[x], True, Abs[mod2[x]]]; fn[x_, n_] := Sum[(3/4)^i*f[4^n*x], {i, 0, n}] Plot[{fn[x, 0], fn[x, 1], fn[x, 2], fn[x, 5]}, {x, -2, 2}] However, the plot I got from mma is misleading, in the sense that the maxima and minima of fn[x, 5] should be on the same two levels. But due to high oscillation of the function, and the fact that clearly mma only takes limited number of points to draw the function, you see the plot exhibit strange behavior. Is there any option in plot to remedy for this? Many thanks.

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• Query about the service or technology behind gmail service

  - by user1726908

  I am a final year computer science student. I am studying in hyderabad, andhra pradesh, india. I have come to know that the gmail is a cloud service. I am very much interested in learning more about cloud computing. This technology has been puzzling,tickling,increasing my curiosity and i just want to learn as much as i can about it. And through experience, i have learnt that practically doing can improve our knowledge and thirst to learn more. Thus, I would like to know "what are the security measures which you have taken to keep the cloud service like gmail secure and authentic? What is the architecture of the service? What are the technologies used in building it? What are the different levels of security applied in general for building a private cloud?"

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• Missing something with Reader monad - passing the damn thing around everywhere

  - by Richard Huxton

  Learning Haskell, managing syntax, have a rough grasp of what monads etc are about but I'm clearly missing something. In main I can read my config file, and supply it as runReader (somefunc) myEnv just fine. But somefunc doesn't need access to the myEnv the reader supplies, nor do the next couple in the chain. The function that needs something from myEnv is a tiny leaf function. So - how do I get access to the environment in a function without tagging all the intervening functions as (Reader Env)? That can't be right because otherwise you'd just pass myEnv around in the first place. And passing unused parameters through multiple levels of functions is just ugly (isn't it?). There are plenty of examples I can find on the net but they all seem to have only one level between runReader and accessing the environment.

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• .htaccess redirect question

  - by russp

  I have a slight problem with .htaccess redirect. I have a dynamic site with 2 levels of variables - content="type -(alpha)" and ID="number" but this is very not seo friendly what I really would like to create is a rewrite rule that generates a "friendly" url for serach engines & users alike. Very much like WordPress does. Each ID is already unique (obviously) and on creation is creating a unique "permalink" field so for example ID=1 has a "permalink field" as "2009/10/27/page title" and ID=100 would be "2010/10/27 page title". I would like folder/wall.php?content=type&ID=number to redirect to folder/permalink.php/html/htm (don't mind a non dynamic extension) Any clues? - this is not right (I know) but it also "breaks" my css file RewriteEngine On RewriteRule wall/content/(.*)/ID/(.*)/ wall.php?content=$1&ID=$2 RewriteRule wall/content/(.*)/ID/(.*) wall.php?content=$1&ID=$2

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