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  • Inline function v. Macro in C -- What's the Overhead (Memory/Speed)?

    - by Jason R. Mick
    I searched Stack Overflow for the pros/cons of function-like macros v. inline functions. I found the following discussion: Pros and Cons of Different macro function / inline methods in C ...but it didn't answer my primary burning question. Namely, what is the overhead in c of using a macro function (with variables, possibly other function calls) v. an inline function, in terms of memory usage and execution speed? Are there any compiler-dependent differences in overhead? I have both icc and gcc at my disposal. My code snippet I'm modularizing is: double AttractiveTerm = pow(SigmaSquared/RadialDistanceSquared,3); double RepulsiveTerm = AttractiveTerm * AttractiveTerm; EnergyContribution += 4 * Epsilon * (RepulsiveTerm - AttractiveTerm); My reason for turning it into an inline function/macro is so I can drop it into a c file and then conditionally compile other similar, but slightly different functions/macros. e.g.: double AttractiveTerm = pow(SigmaSquared/RadialDistanceSquared,3); double RepulsiveTerm = pow(SigmaSquared/RadialDistanceSquared,9); EnergyContribution += 4 * Epsilon * (RepulsiveTerm - AttractiveTerm); (note the difference in the second line...) This function is a central one to my code and gets called thousands of times per step in my program and my program performs millions of steps. Thus I want to have the LEAST overhead possible, hence why I'm wasting time worrying about the overhead of inlining v. transforming the code into a macro. Based on the prior discussion I already realize other pros/cons (type independence and resulting errors from that) of macros... but what I want to know most, and don't currently know is the PERFORMANCE. I know some of you C veterans will have some great insight for me!!

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  • DataContractJsonSerializer generating Ghost string to JSON keys?

    - by Anil Namde
    DataContractJsonSerializer this is nice class added in the .net framework which can be used to serialize/desirealize object into JSON. Now following is the example i am trying [Serializable] class User { public string name; public string userId; } Now following is the output generated Output : Notice structure where only "name" is expected instead of k__BackingField Now this is the problem after digging so much i am not sure from where < and _BackingField is coming ? { "<name>k__BackingField":"test user", "<userId>k__BackingField":100001}

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  • How to get all objects with their children using django orm?

    - by kender
    Hi, I got very simple hierarchical structure: every object can have 0 or 1 parent. There's no limit on how many children each object can have. So in my application I got such a model: class O(Model): name = CharField(max_length = 20) parent = ForeignKey('O', related_name = 'children') Now I would like to be able to fetch all objects who have a particular one Object1 in their parent-tree (as in their parent or parent of their parents, etc). Should I use mptt or is there a simpler approach?

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  • Cannot Find Symbol Method?

    - by Aaron
    In my driver program, This line gives me cannot find symbol error and I don't know why, the method is clearly defined in the SavingsAccount class, and I can refer to all other methods in my driver program but just not that one, I tried changing the type to double, and etc but still not working. Refer to ** Account acct2 = new SavingsAccount (name); acct2.calculateBalance(); SavingsAccount Class Inherited from Account Class: public class SavingsAccount extends Account { private final short minBalance = 0; private double overdraftFee; private double yearlyInterestRate = 0.02; private double interestAmount; public SavingsAccount (String name) { super(name); } public double withdraw (double amount) { if (accountBalance - amount >= minBalance) { accountBalance -= amount; System.out.print ("Withdraw Successful"); } else { accountBalance -= amount; overdraftFee = accountBalance * (0.10); accountBalance += overdraftFee; System.out.print ("Withdraw Succesful, however overdraft fee of 10% has been applied to your account"); } return accountBalance; } **public void calculateBalance () { interestAmount = (accountBalance * yearlyInterestRate); accountBalance += interestAmount; }** public String toString() { return super.toString() + " Interest Received: " + interestAmount; } } Account class, if needed import java.util.Random; import java.text.NumberFormat; public abstract class Account { protected double accountBalance; protected long accountNumber; protected String accountHolder; public Account (String name) { accountHolder = name; accountBalance = 0; Random accountNo = new Random(); accountNumber = accountNo.nextInt(100000); } public double deposit (double amount) { accountBalance += amount; return accountBalance; } public String toString() { NumberFormat accountBal = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(); return "Account Balance: " + accountBal.format(accountBalance) + "\nAccount Number: " + accountNumber; } public String getAccountHolder() { return accountHolder; } public double getAccountBalance() { return accountBalance; } public abstract double withdraw (double amount); }

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  • how can i request a variable in my home.ctp of my cakePHP application?

    - by Simon
    I created a page using the MVC structure called 'sections' ( view is located in the app/views/sections folder, model in the model folder and the controller in the controller folder) when i request the variable $test, it works fine without any errors.. When i want to request this variable in my home.ctp, it provides me with an error, saying that the variable is undefined.. Is there any way in cakePHP to request this variable on any page you want it to? Thnx in advance!

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  • Variable modification in a child process

    - by teaLeef
    I am working on Bryant and O'Hallaron's Computer Systems, A Programmer's Perspective. Exercise 8.16 asks for the output of a program like (I changed it because they use a header file you can download on their website): #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/wait.h> #include <errno.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <string.h> int counter = 1; int main() { if (fork() == 0){ counter--; exit(0); } else{ Wait(NULL); printf("counter = %d\n", ++counter); } exit(0); } I answered "counter = 1" because the parent process waits for its children to terminate and then increments counter. But the child first decrements it. However, when I tested the program, I found that the correct answer was "counter = 2". Is the variable "counter" different in the child and in the parent process? If not, then why is the answer 2?

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  • Confusing Javascript class declaration

    - by clutch
    I have some third-party Javascript that has statements like this: FOO = function() { ...functions() ... return { hash } }(); It is working as designed but I'm confused by it. Can anybody define what this structure is doing? Is it just a weird way to create a class?

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  • Is JSON array parsable?

    - by Alex
    I have a YQL query that extracts data from a page and returns it to my script as JSON. The JSON is huge, and as such, here's my question: Is JSON array parsable? So that I can iterate over the entire JSON structure?

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  • Designing a chain of states

    - by devoured elysium
    I want to model a kind of FSM(Finite State Machine). I have a sequence of states (let's say, from StateA to StateZ). This sequence is called a Chain and is implemented internally as a List. I will add states by the order I want them to run. My purpose is to be able to make a sequence of actions in my computer (for example, mouse clicks). (I know this has been done a zillion times). So a state is defined as a: boolean Precondition() <- Checks to see if for this state, some condition is true. For example, if I want to click in the Record button of a program, in this method I would check if the program's process is running or not. If it is, go to the next state in the chain list, otherwise, go to what was defined as the fail state (generally is the first state of them all). IState GetNextState() <- Returns the next state to evaluate. If Precondition() was sucessful, it should yield the next state in the chain otherwise it should yield the fail state. Run() Simply checks the Precondition() and sets the internal data so GetNextState() works as expected. So, a naive approach to this would be something like this: Chain chain = new Chain(); //chain.AddState(new State(Precondition, FailState, NextState) <- Method structure chain.AddState(new State(new WinampIsOpenCondition(), null, new <problem here, I want to referr to a state that still wasn't defined!>); The big problem is that I want to make a reference to a State that at this point still wasn't defined. I could circumvent the problem by using strings when refrering to states and using an internal hashtable, but isn't there a clearer alternative? I could just pass only the pre-condition and failure states in the constructor, having the chain just before execution put in each state the correct next state in a public property but that seems kind of awkward.

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  • C# CodeDom - making project's forms accessible for scripts.

    - by michal
    Hi, I'm learning CodeDom scripting, I started with http://www.c-sharpcorner.com/uploadfile/mgold/codedomcalculator08082005003253am/codedomcalculator.aspx Now I'd like to allow script modify the project's form (for learning purposes only). I suppose I need to create new field for a class I'm generating which refers "this". However I have no idea how can I set a reference for script-accessible object ... ? Or can I directly publish some class member (like "this" or "button1") to a CodeDom script structure?

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  • Get-ChildItem to Move-Item - path not found

    - by Filburt
    I try to move my old logfiles to a yyyy\MM\dd folder structure by Get-ChildItem . -Recurse -Include *.log | Move-Item -Dest {"D:\Archive\{0:yyyy\\MM\\dd}\{1}" -f $_.LastWriteTime, $_.Name} -Force but i get a path-not-found error. update I suspect the problem originates from the fact that the source path contains Program Files. sub question: Could the same be done without Get-ChildItem?

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  • How are classes more secure than structures ?

    - by Asad Hanif
    Structure's member are public by default ans class's members are private by default. We can access private data members through a proper channel (using member function). If we have access to member functions we can read/write data in private data member, so how it is secure...we are accessing it and we are changing data too.....

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  • iPhone inputting NSUserDefaults into a UITextField

    - by Rob
    I am writing a program where I where the first time a user runs it - they will have to fill out about 10 different UITextFields. I am trying to save the fields so that on subsequent runs of the program that whatever they previously put will already be displayed in those UITextFields so the wont have to re-input it in - unless they want to edit something in which case they still have that option. I think that I have figured out a good way to save the strings using NSUserDefaults but now I am trying to figure out how to have those fields populate a UITextField - it doesnt seem as easy as if they were UILabels. This is the route I am attempting: // in the viewDidLoad portion. NSUserDefaults *userData = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults]; //Hooks. NSString *placeHolderName = [userData stringForKey:@"name"]; txtName.text = @"%@", placeHolderName; When I do this, it simply displays the '%@' in the textfields. I want whatever variable being held by placeHolderName to be automatically put into that UITextField. Is this possible?

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  • Architecture Suggestions/Recommendations for a Web Application with Sub-Apps

    - by user579218
    Hello. I’m starting to plan an architecture for a big web application, and I wanted to get suggestions and/or recommendations on where to begin and which technologies and/or frameworks to use. The application will be an Intranet-based web site using Windows authentication, running on IIS and using SQL Server and ASP.NET. It’ll need to be structured as a main/shell application with sub-applications that are “pluggable” based on some configuration settings. The main or shell application is to provide the overall user interface structure – header/footer, dynamically built tabs for each available sub-app, and a content area in which the sub-application will be loaded when the user clicks on the sub-application’s tab. So, on start-up of the main/shell application, configuration information will be queried from a database, and, based on the user and which of the sub-apps are available, the main or shell app would dynamically build tabs (or buttons or something) as a way to access each individual application. On start-up, the content area will be populated with the “home” sub-app. But, clicking on an sub-app tab will cause the content area to be populated with the sub-app corresponding to the tab. For example, we’re going to have a reports application, a display application, and probably a couple other distinct applications. On startup of the main/shell application, after determining who the user is, the main app will query the database to determine which sub-apps the user can use and build out the UI. Then the user can navigate between available sub-apps and do their work in each. Finally, the entire app and all sub-apps need to be a layered design with presentation, service, business, and data access layers, as well as cross-cutting objects for things such as logging, exception handling, etc. Anyway, my questions revolve around where to begin to plan something like this application. What technologies/frameworks would work best in developing a solution for this application? MVC? MVP? WCSF? EF? NHibernate? Enterprise Library? Repository Pattern? Others???? I know all these technologies/frameworks are not used for the same purpose, but knowing which ones to focus on is a little overwhelming. Which ones would be the best choice(s) for a solution? Which ones work well together for an end-to-end design? How would one structure the VS project for something like this? Thanks!

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  • Write a SQL to meet my requirement.

    - by rgksugan
    I have been trying to solve this problem for a lot of days. But wouldn't. Please help me. I need a SQL to list product_code, product_name, qty_sold, last_order_date for all the products that have been sold within a date range sorted by the number of quantity sold. My Table structure: tbl_product(product_id,product_code,product_name) tbl_order_detail(order_item_id,order_id,product_id,quantity) tbl_order(order_id,order_date)

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  • F# - POCO Class

    - by ebb
    Hey there! I'm trying to write a POCO class in proper F#... But something is wrong.. The C# code that I want to "translate" to proper F# is: public class MyTest { [Key] public int ID { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } } The closest I can come to the above code in F# is something like: type Mytest() = let mutable _id : int = 0; let mutable _name : string = null; [<KeyAttribute>] member x.ID with public get() : int = _id and public set(value) = _id <- value member x.Name with public get() : string = _name and public set value = _name <- value However when I try to access the properties of the F# version it just returns a compile error saying "Lookup on object of indeterminate type based on information prior to this program point. A type annotation may be needed prior to this program point to constrain the type of the object. This may allow the lookup to be resolved." The code thats trying to get the property is a part of my Repository (I'm using EF Code First). module Databasethings = let GetEntries = let ctx = new SevenContext() let mydbset = ctx.Set<MyTest>() let entries = mydbset.Select(fun item -> item.Name).ToList() // This line comes up with a compile error at "item.Name" (the compile error is written above) entries What the hell is going on? Thanks in advance!

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  • Building drag and drop interface on iphone

    - by John Stewart
    I am trying to build an app which will have a bunch of cards that the user needs to drag and drop them onto specific drop zones. How would one go about detecting this and if the card is not on the drop zone then it should slide back. Any suggestions on how to structure this app?

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  • HTML5 - Need explanation about outline

    - by RhymeGuy
    So, lets say that I have the following structure: <doctype html> <header> <h1>Header</h1> <article><h2>Article</h2></article> <article><h2>Article</h2></article> </header> <main> <h1>Main content</h1> <article><h2>Article</h2></article> <article><h2>Article</h2></article> <article><h2>Article</h2></article> <article><h2>Article</h2></article> </main> <section> <h1>Sidebar</h1> </section> If i check outline using http://gsnedders.html5.org/outliner/ (or any other), I'll get outline like this: 1. Main content 1. Header 1. Article 2. Article 2. Article 3. Article 4. Article 5. Article 6. Sidebar Which (from my understanding) is not correct. I have thought that it should look like this: 1. Header 1. Article 2. Article 2. Main content 1. Article 2. Article 3. Article 4. Article 3. Sidebar Why this happens? I can get desired outline if I use section element. But id there is main element in HTML structure, then everything breaks (at least for me - it's not how I understood it). Can I achieve desired outline using main element?

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  • Prototyping Qt/C++ in Python

    - by tstenner
    I want to write a C++ application with Qt, but build a prototype first using Python and then gradually replace the Python code with C++. Is this the right approach, and what tools (bindings, binding generators, IDE) should I use? Ideally, everything should be available in the Ubuntu repositories so I wouldn't have to worry about incompatible or old versions and have everything set up with a simple aptitude install. Is there any comprehensive documentation about this process or do I have to learn every single component, and if yes, which ones? Right now I have multiple choices to make: Qt Creator, because of the nice auto completion and Qt integration. Eclipse, as it offers support for both C++ and Python. Eric (haven't used it yet) Vim PySide as it's working with CMake and Boost.Python, so theoretically it will make replacing python code easier. PyQt as it's more widely used (more support) and is available as a Debian package. Edit: As I will have to deploy the program to various computers, the C++-solution would require 1-5 files (the program and some library files if I'm linking it statically), using Python I'd have to build PyQt/PySide/SIP/whatever on every platform and explain how to install Python and everything else.

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  • Problem in storing the dynamic data in NSMutableArray?

    - by Rajendra Bhole
    I want to develop an application in which firstly i was develop an structure code for storing X and y axis. struct TCo_ordinates { float x; float y; }; . Then in drawRect method i generating an object of structure like. struct TCo_ordinates *tCoordianates; Now I drawing the graph of Y-Axis its code is. fltX1 = 30; fltY1 = 5; fltX2 = fltX1; fltY2 = 270; CGContextMoveToPoint(ctx, fltX1, fltY1); CGContextAddLineToPoint(ctx, fltX2, fltY2); NSArray *hoursInDays = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"1",@"2",@"3",@"4",@"5",@"6",@"7",@"8",@"9",@"10",@"11",@"12", nil]; for(int intIndex = 0 ; intIndex < [hoursInDays count] ; fltY2-=20, intIndex++) { CGContextSetRGBStrokeColor(ctx, 2, 2, 2, 1); //CGContextSetRGBStrokeColor(ctx, 1.0f/255.0f, 1.0f/255.0f, 1.0f/255.0f, 1.0f); CGContextMoveToPoint(ctx, fltX1-3 , fltY2-40); CGContextAddLineToPoint(ctx, fltX1+3, fltY2-40); CGContextSelectFont(ctx, "Helvetica", 14.0, kCGEncodingMacRoman); CGContextSetTextDrawingMode(ctx, kCGTextFill); CGContextSetRGBFillColor(ctx, 0, 255, 255, 1); CGAffineTransform xform = CGAffineTransformMake( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0); CGContextSetTextMatrix(ctx, xform); const char *arrayDataForYAxis = [[hoursInDays objectAtIndex:intIndex] UTF8String]; float x1 = fltX1-23; float y1 = fltY2-37; CGContextShowTextAtPoint(ctx, x1, y1, arrayDataForYAxis, strlen(arrayDataForYAxis)); CGContextStrokePath(ctx); Now i want to store generated the values of x1 and y1 in NSMutableArray dynamically, for that i was written the code. NSMutableArray *yAxisCoordinates = [[NSMutableArray alloc] autorelease]; for(int yObject = 0; yObject < intIndex; yObject++) { [yAxisCoordinates insertObject:(tCoordianates->x = x1,tCoordianates->y = y1) atIndex:yObject]; } But it didn't working. How i store the x1 and y1 values in yAxisCoordinates object. The above code is correct?????????????

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  • How to wrap Ruby strings in HTML tags

    - by Jason H.
    Hi all: I'm looking for help on two things. 1) I'm looking for a way for Ruby to wrap strings in HTML. I have a program I'm writing that generates a Hash of word frequencies for a text file and I want to take the results and place it into an HTML file rather than print to STDOUT. I'm thinking each string needs to be wrapped in an HTML paragraph tag using readlines() or something, but I can't quite figure it out. Then, once I've wrapped the strings in HTML 2) I want to write to an empty HTML file. Right now my program looks like: filename = File.new(ARGV[0]).read().downcase().scan(/[\w']+/) frequency = Hash.new(0) words.each { |word| frequency[word] +=1 } frequency.sort_by { |x,y| y }.reverse().each{ |w,f| puts "#{f}, #{w}" } So if we ran a text file through this and received: 35, the 27, of 20, to 16, in # . . . I'd want to export to an HTML file that wraps the lines like: <p>35, the</p> <p>27, of</p> <p>20, to</p> <p>16, in</p> # . . . Thanks for any tips in advance!

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  • deserializing multiple types from a stream

    - by clanier9
    I have a card game program, and so far, the chat works great back and forth over the TCPClient streams between host and client. I want to make it do this with serializing and deserializing so that I can also pass cards between host and client. I tried to create a separate TCPClient stream for the passing of cards but it didn't work and figured it may be easier to keep one TCPClient stream that gets the text messages as well as cards. So I created a class, called cereal, which has the properties for the cards that will help me rebuild the card from an embedded database of cards on the other end. Is there a way to make my program figure out whether a card has been put in the stream or if it's just text in the stream so I can properly deserialize it to a string or to a cereal? Or should I add a string property to my cereal class and when that property is filled in after deserializing to the cereal, i'll know it's just text (if that field is empty after deserializing i'll know it's a card)? I'm thinking a try catch, where it tries to deserialize to a string, and if it fails it will catch and cast as a cereal. Or am I just way off base with this and should choose another route? I'm using visual studio 2011, am using a binaryformatter, and am new to serializing/deserializing.

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  • After calling a COM-dll component, C# exceptions are not caught by the debugger

    - by shlomil
    I'm using a COM dll provided to me by 3rd-party software company (I don't have the source code). I do know for sure they used Java to implement it because their objects contain property names like 'JvmVersion'. After I instantiated an object introduced by the provided COM dll, all exceptions in my C# program cannot be caught by the VS debugger and every time an exception occurs I get the default Windows Debugger Selection dialog (And that's while executing my program in debug mode under a full VisualStudio debugging environment). To illustrate: throw new Exception("exception 1"); m_moo = new moo(); // Component taken from the COM-dll throw new Exception("exception 2"); Exception 1 will be caught by VS and show the "yellow exception window". Exception 2 will open a dialog titled "Visual Studio Just-In-Time Debugger" containing the text "An unhandled win32 exception occurred in myfile.vshost.exe[1348]." followed by a list of the existing VS instances on my system to select from. I guess the instantiation of "moo" object overrides C#'s exception handler or something like that. Am I correct and is there a way to preserve C#'s exception handler?

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