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  • The internal implementation of R's dataset

    - by Yin Zhu
    I am trying to build a data processing program. Currently I use a double matrix to represent the data table, each row is an instance, each column represents a feature. I also have an extra vector as the target value for each instance, it is of double type for regression, it is of integer for classification. I want to make it more general. I am wondering how what kind of structure R uses to store a dataset, i.e. the internal implementation in R.

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  • Easily measure elapsed time

    - by hap497
    I am trying to use time() to measure various points of my program. What I don't understand is why the values in the before and after are the same? I understand this is not the best way to profile my program, I just want to see how long something take. printf("**MyProgram::before time= %ld\n", time(NULL)); doSomthing(); doSomthingLong(); printf("**MyProgram::after time= %ld\n", time(NULL)); I have tried: struct timeval diff, startTV, endTV; gettimeofday(&startTV, NULL); doSomething(); doSomethingLong(); gettimeofday(&endTV, NULL); timersub(&endTV, &startTV, &diff); printf("**time taken = %ld %ld\n", diff.tv_sec, diff.tv_usec); How do I read a result of **time taken = 0 26339? Does that mean 26,339 nanoseconds = 26.3 msec? What about **time taken = 4 45025, does that mean 4 seconds and 25 msec?

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  • Which term to use when referring to functional data structures: persistent or immutable?

    - by Bob
    In the context of functional programming which is the correct term to use: persistent or immutable? When I Google "immutable data structures" I get a Wikipedia link to an article on "Persistent data structure" which even goes on to say: such data structures are effectively immutable Which further confuses things for me. Do functional programs rely on persistent data structures or immutable data structures? Or are they always the same thing?

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  • ASP.NET - extracting from databases and pagination

    - by whitstone86
    I've got basic page templates working in ASP.NET from master pages and can include pages in ASP.NET - however, I'm having difficulty extracting from pages and paginating them. This is the design structure (i.e. the model for my site) I'm trying to base it on: http://library.digiguide.com/lib/programmenextshowing/Medium-319648 I have an SQL Driver installed, my ODBC Advisor says it is MySQL ODBC Driver 5.1. How should I get this project to work, now I have the basics under way?

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  • When is a try catch not a try catch?

    - by Dearmash
    I have a fun issue where during application shutdown, try / catch blocks are being seemingly ignored in the stack. I don't have a working test project (yet due to deadline, otherwise I'd totally try to repro this), but consider the following code snippet. public static string RunAndPossiblyThrow(int index, bool doThrow) { try { return Run(index); } catch(ApplicationException e) { if(doThrow) throw; } return ""; } public static string Run(int index) { if(_store.Contains(index)) return _store[index]; throw new ApplicationException("index not found"); } public static string RunAndIgnoreThrow(int index) { try { return Run(index); } catch(ApplicationException e) { } return ""; } During runtime this pattern works famously. We get legacy support for code that relies on exceptions for program control (bad) and we get to move forward and slowly remove exceptions used for program control. However, when shutting down our UI, we see an exception thrown from "Run" even though "doThrow" is false for ALL current uses of "RunAndPossiblyThrow". I've even gone so far as to verify this by modifying code to look like "RunAndIgnoreThrow" and I'll still get a crash post UI shutdown. Mr. Eric Lippert, I read your blog daily, I'd sure love to hear it's some known bug and I'm not going crazy. EDIT This is multi-threaded, and I've verified all objects are not modified while being accessed

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  • java , eclipse jar problem

    - by Raxvan
    Hello , i'm kind of new to java. I use eclipse and i imported some jar files with some classes by going to properties - Add External Jars; The problem is that when i try to use a class from the jar i get the following exception: Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: nextapp/echo2/app/event/ActionListener at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method) at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(Unknown Source) at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(Unknown Source) at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(Unknown Source) at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$000(Unknown Source) at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source) at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal(Unknown Source) at Program.main(Program.java:12) Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: nextapp.echo2.app.event.ActionListener at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source) at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal(Unknown Source) ... 13 more The class is supposed to create a window, i guess that the jar has to import somehow other stuff or something like that, How can i fix this? PS. Sorry for the bad code , i don't know tags here. thansk, Raxvan

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  • Is it possible to use CSS to align these divs/spans in a table-like manner?

    - by Justin L.
    I have <div class='line'> <div class='chord_line'> <span class='chord_block'></span> <span class='chord_block'>E</span> <span class='chord_block'>B</span> <span class='chord_block'>C#m</span> <span class='chord_block'>A</span> </div> <div class='lyric_line'> <span class='lyric_block'></span> <span class='lyric_block'>Just a</span> <span class='lyric_block'>small-town girl</span> <span class='lyric_block'>living in a</span> <span class='lyric_block'>lonely world</span> </div> </div> (Excuse me for not being too familiar with proper css conventions for when to use div/spans) I want to be able to display them so that each chord_block span and lyric_block span is aligned vertically, as if they were left-aligned and on the same row of a table. For example: E B C#m A Just a small-town girl living in a lonely world (There will often be cases where an empty chord block is matched up to non-empty lyric block, and vice-versa.) I'm completely new to using CSS to align things, and have had no real understanding/experience of CSS aside from changing background colors and link styles. Is this possible in CSS? If not, how could the div/class nesting structure be revised to make this possible? I could change the spans to divs if necessary. Some things I cannot use: I can't change the structure to group things by a chord_and_lyric_block div (and have their width stretch to the length of the lyric, and stack them horizontally), because I couldn't really copy/select the lyrical lines continuously in their entirety, which is extremely critical. I'm trying to avoid a table-like solution, because this data is not tabular at all. The chord line and the lyric line are meant to be read as one continuous line, not a set of cells. Also, apart from the design philosophy reasons, I think it might have the same problems as the previous thing bullet point. If this is possible, what div/span attributes should I be using? Can you provide sample css? If this is not possible, can it be done with javascript?

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  • Proper QUuid usage in Qt ? (7-Zip DLL usage problems (QLibrary, QUuid GUID conversion, interfaces))

    - by whipsnap
    Hi, I'm trying to write a program that would use 7-Zip DLL for reading files from inside archive files (7z, zip etc). Here's where I'm so far: #include QtCore/QCoreApplication #include QLibrary #include QUuid #include iostream using namespace std; #include "7z910/CPP/7zip/Archive/IArchive.h" #include "7z910/CPP/7zip/IStream.h" #include "MyCom.h" // {23170F69-40C1-278A-1000-000110070000} QUuid CLSID_CFormat7z(0x23170F69, 0x40C1, 0x278A, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x10, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00); typedef int (*CreateObjectFunc)( const GUID *clsID, const GUID *interfaceID, void **outObject); void readFileInArchive() { QLibrary myLib("7z.dll"); CreateObjectFunc myFunction = (CreateObjectFunc)myLib.resolve("CreateObject"); if (myFunction == 0) { cout outArchive; myFunction(&CLSID_CFormat7z, &IID_IOutArchive, (void **)&outArchive); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { QCoreApplication a(argc, argv); readFileInArchive(); return a.exec(); } Trying to build that in Qt Creator will lead to following error: cannot convert 'QUuid*' to 'const GUID*' in argument passing How should QUuid be correctly used in this context? Also, being a C++ and Qt newbie I haven't yet quite grasped templates or interfaces, so overall I'm having trouble getting through these first steps. If someone could give tips or even example code on how for example an image file could be extracted from ZIP file (to be shown in Qt GUI later on*), I would highly appreciate that. My main goal at the moment is to write a program with GUI for selecting archive files containing image files (PNG, JPG etc) and displaying those files one at a time in the GUI. A Qt based CDisplayEx in short.

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  • scrapping blog contents

    - by goh
    Hi lads, After obtaining the urls for various blogspots, tumblr and wordpress pages, I faced some problems processing the html pages. The thing is, i wish to distinguish between the content,title and date for each blog post. I might be able to get the date through regex, but there are so many custom scripts people are using now that the html classes and structure is so different. Does anyone has a solution that may help?

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  • How to use sound and images in a Java applet?

    - by Click Upvote
    Question 1: How should I structure my project so the sound and images files can be loaded most easily? Right now, I have the folder: C:\java\pacman with the sub-directory C:\java\pacman\src containing all the code, and C:\java\pacman\assets containing the images and .wav files. Is this the best structure or should I put the assets somewhere else? Question 2: What's the best way to refer to the images/sounds without using the full path e.g C:\java\pacman\assets\something.png to them? If I use the getCodeBase() function it seems to refer to the C:\java\pacman\bin instead of C:\java\pacman\. I want to use such a function/class which would work automatically when i compile the applet in a jar as well as right now when I test the applet through eclipse. Question 3: How should I load the images/sounds? This is what I'm using now: 1) For general images: import java.awt.Image; public Image getImg(String file) { //imgDir in this case is a hardcoded string containing //"C:\\java\\pacman\\assets\\" file=imgDir + file; return new ImageIcon(file).getImage(); } The images returned from this function are used in the drawImage method of the Graphics class in the paint method of the applet. 2) For a buffered image, which is used to get subImages and load sprites from a sprite sheet: public BufferedImage getSheet() throws IOException { return ImageIO.read(new File(img.getPath("pacman-sprites.png"))); } Later: public void loadSprites() { BufferedImage sheet; try { sheet=getSheet(); redGhost.setNormalImg(sheet.getSubimage(0, 60, 20, 20)); redGhost.setUpImg(sheet.getSubimage(0, 60, 20, 20)); redGhost.setDownImg(sheet.getSubimage(30, 60, 20, 20)); redGhost.setLeftImg(sheet.getSubimage(30, 60, 20, 20)); redGhost.setRightImg(sheet.getSubimage(60, 60, 20, 20)); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("Couldnt open file!"); System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage()); } } 3) For sound files: import sun.audio.*; import java.io.*; public synchronized void play() { try { InputStream in = new FileInputStream(filename); AudioStream as = new AudioStream(in); AudioPlayer.player.start(as); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }

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  • Returning reference to object is not changing the address in c++

    - by ashish-sangwan
    I am trying to understand functions returning a reference. For that I have written a simple program: #include<iostream> using namespace std; class test { int i; friend test& func(); public: test(int j){i=j;} void show(){cout<<i<<endl;} }; test& func() { test temp(10); return temp; //// Address of temp=0xbfcb2874 } int main() { test obj1(50); // Address of obj1=0xbfcb28a0 func()=obj1; <= Problem:The address of obj1 is not changing obj1.show(); // // Address of obj1=0xbfcb28a0 return 0; } I ran the program using gdb and observed that the address of obj1 still remains same, but I expect it to get changed to 0xbfcb2874. I am not clear with the concept. Please help.

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  • Replace without the replace function

    - by Molly Potter
    Assignment: Let X and Y be two words. Find/Replace is a common word processing operation that finds each occurrence of word X and replaces it with word Y in a given document. Your task is to write a program that performs the Find/Replace operation. Your program will prompt the user for the word to be replaced (X), then the substitute word (Y ). Assume that the input document is named input.txt. You must write the result of this Find/Replace operation to a file named output.txt. Lastly, you cannot use the replace() string function built into Python (it would make the assignment much too easy). To test your code, you should modify input.txt using a text editor such as Notepad or IDLE to contain different lines of text. Again, the output of your code must look exactly like the sample output. This is my code: input_data = open('input.txt','r') #this opens the file to read it. output_data = open('output.txt','w') #this opens a file to write to. userStr= (raw_input('Enter the word to be replaced:')) #this prompts the user for a word userReplace =(raw_input('What should I replace all occurences of ' + userStr + ' with?')) #this prompts the user for the replacement word for line in input_data: words = line.split() if userStr in words: output_data.write(line + userReplace) else: output_data.write(line) print 'All occurences of '+userStr+' in input.txt have been replaced by '+userReplace+' in output.txt' #this tells the user that we have replaced the words they gave us input_data.close() #this closes the documents we opened before output_data.close() It won't replace anything in the output file. Help!

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  • Designing a chain of states

    - by devoured elysium
    I want to model a kind of FSM(Finite State Machine). I have a sequence of states (let's say, from StateA to StateZ). This sequence is called a Chain and is implemented internally as a List. I will add states by the order I want them to run. My purpose is to be able to make a sequence of actions in my computer (for example, mouse clicks). (I know this has been done a zillion times). So a state is defined as a: boolean Precondition() <- Checks to see if for this state, some condition is true. For example, if I want to click in the Record button of a program, in this method I would check if the program's process is running or not. If it is, go to the next state in the chain list, otherwise, go to what was defined as the fail state (generally is the first state of them all). IState GetNextState() <- Returns the next state to evaluate. If Precondition() was sucessful, it should yield the next state in the chain otherwise it should yield the fail state. Run() Simply checks the Precondition() and sets the internal data so GetNextState() works as expected. So, a naive approach to this would be something like this: Chain chain = new Chain(); //chain.AddState(new State(Precondition, FailState, NextState) <- Method structure chain.AddState(new State(new WinampIsOpenCondition(), null, new <problem here, I want to referr to a state that still wasn't defined!>); The big problem is that I want to make a reference to a State that at this point still wasn't defined. I could circumvent the problem by using strings when refrering to states and using an internal hashtable, but isn't there a clearer alternative? I could just pass only the pre-condition and failure states in the constructor, having the chain just before execution put in each state the correct next state in a public property but that seems kind of awkward.

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  • iPhone inputting NSUserDefaults into a UITextField

    - by Rob
    I am writing a program where I where the first time a user runs it - they will have to fill out about 10 different UITextFields. I am trying to save the fields so that on subsequent runs of the program that whatever they previously put will already be displayed in those UITextFields so the wont have to re-input it in - unless they want to edit something in which case they still have that option. I think that I have figured out a good way to save the strings using NSUserDefaults but now I am trying to figure out how to have those fields populate a UITextField - it doesnt seem as easy as if they were UILabels. This is the route I am attempting: // in the viewDidLoad portion. NSUserDefaults *userData = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults]; //Hooks. NSString *placeHolderName = [userData stringForKey:@"name"]; txtName.text = @"%@", placeHolderName; When I do this, it simply displays the '%@' in the textfields. I want whatever variable being held by placeHolderName to be automatically put into that UITextField. Is this possible?

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  • Get-ChildItem to Move-Item - path not found

    - by Filburt
    I try to move my old logfiles to a yyyy\MM\dd folder structure by Get-ChildItem . -Recurse -Include *.log | Move-Item -Dest {"D:\Archive\{0:yyyy\\MM\\dd}\{1}" -f $_.LastWriteTime, $_.Name} -Force but i get a path-not-found error. update I suspect the problem originates from the fact that the source path contains Program Files. sub question: Could the same be done without Get-ChildItem?

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  • How to get all objects with their children using django orm?

    - by kender
    Hi, I got very simple hierarchical structure: every object can have 0 or 1 parent. There's no limit on how many children each object can have. So in my application I got such a model: class O(Model): name = CharField(max_length = 20) parent = ForeignKey('O', related_name = 'children') Now I would like to be able to fetch all objects who have a particular one Object1 in their parent-tree (as in their parent or parent of their parents, etc). Should I use mptt or is there a simpler approach?

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  • Building drag and drop interface on iphone

    - by John Stewart
    I am trying to build an app which will have a bunch of cards that the user needs to drag and drop them onto specific drop zones. How would one go about detecting this and if the card is not on the drop zone then it should slide back. Any suggestions on how to structure this app?

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  • how to join 3 relational tables

    - by orioncabbar
    Hello there, how to join 3 relational tables with the structure: t1 | id t2 | id | rating t3 | source_id | relation t3 stores the data of a field which t1 and t2 uses both. so source_id field can be t1's id or t2's id. input : t1 id output : t2 rating an example: **t1** id | --------- 42 | **t2** id | rating ------------- 37 | 9.2 **t3** id | source_id -------------- 42 | 1 37 | 1 26 | 2 23 | 1 what i want is to get 9.2 output with 42 input. can you do that in one sql query?

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  • applying apply() to deeply embeded list elements only

    - by romunov
    I would like to apply my function to only elements that are deeper in the list structure. For example, I would like to apply a certain function to list elements of second order only. Is this feasible with apply()? > str(l) List of 3 $ :List of 2 ..$ : num 5 ..$ : num 10 $ :List of 2 ..$ : num 15 ..$ : num 20 $ :List of 2 ..$ : num 25 ..$ : num 30

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  • Measuring how "heavily linked" a node is in a graph

    - by Eduardo León
    I have posted this question at MathOverflow.com as well. I am no mathematician and English is not my first language, so please excuse me if my question is too stupid, it is poorly phrased, or both. I am developing a program that creates timetables. My timetable-creating algorithm, besides creating the timetable, also creates a graph whose nodes represent each class I have already programmed, and whose arcs represent which pairs of classes should not be programmed at the same time, even if they have to be reprogrammed. The more "heavily linked" a node is, the more inflexible its associated class is with respect to being reprogrammed. Sometimes, in the middle of the process, there will be no option but to reprogram a class that has already been programmed. I want my program to be able to choose a class that, if reprogrammed, affects the least possible number of other already-programmed classes. That would mean choosing a node in the graph that is "not very heavily linked", subject to some constraints with respect to which nodes can be chosen. EDIT: The question was... Do you know any algorithm that measures how "heavily linked" a node is?

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  • How can I compile .NET 3.5 C# code on a system without Visual Studio?

    - by JimEvans
    I have some C# code that uses some constructs specific to .NET 3.5. When you install the .NET Framework distribution, you get the C# compiler installed with it (csc.exe). Even if I specify the csc.exe in C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v3.5, I cannot compile the code on a computer with only the .NET Framework installed, but not Visual Studio. I am able to compile code that uses v2.0 constructs without difficulty. How can I accomplish this? Here is a sample that demonstrates my problem: using System; class Program { public static void Main() { // The MacOSX value to the PlatformID enum was added after // .NET v2.0 if (Environment.OSVersion.Platform == PlatformID.MacOSX) { Console.WriteLine("Found mac"); } Console.WriteLine("Simple program"); } } When compiling this code using csc.exe, I receive the following error: test.cs(9, 58): error CS0117: 'System.PlatformID' does not contain a definition for 'MacOSX' When executing csc.exe /? I receive the banner: Microsoft (R) Visual C# 2008 Compiler version 3.5.21022.8 for Microsoft (R) .NET Framework version 3.5 Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

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