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  • Early Z culling - Ogre

    - by teodron
    This question is concerned with how one can enable this "pixel filter" to work within an Ogre based app. Simply put, one can write two passes, the first without writing any colour values to the frame buffer lighting off colour_write off shading flat The second pass is the one that employs heavy pixel shader computations, hence it would be really nice to get rid of those hidden surface patches and not process them pixel-wise. This approach works, except for one thing: objects with alpha, such as billboard trees suffer in a peculiar way - from one side, they seem to capture the sky/background within their alpha region and ignore other trees/houses behind them, while viewed from the other side, they exhibit the desired behavior. To tackle the issue, I thought I could write a custom vertex shader in the first pass and offset the projected Z component of the vertex a little further away from its actual position, so that in the second pass there is a need to recompute correctly the pixels of the objects closest to the camera. This doesn't work at all, all surfaces are processed in the pixel shader and there is no performance gain. So, if anyone has done a similar trick with Ogre and alpha objects, kindly please help.

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  • My first animation - Using SDL.NET C#

    - by Mark
    Hi all! I'm trying to animate a player object in my 2D grid when the user clicks somewhere in the screen. I got the following 4 variables: oX (Current player position X) oY (Current player position Y) dX (Destination X) dY (Destination Y) How can I make sure the player moves in a straight line to the new XY coordinates. The way I'm doing it now is really awfull and causes the player to first move along x axis, and finally in y axis. Can someone give me some guidance with the involved math cause I'm really not sure on how to accomplish this. Thank you for your time. Kind regards, Mark Update: It's working now but whats the right way to check if the current positions are equal to the target position? private static void MovePlayer(double x2, double y2, int duration) { double hX = x2 - m_PlayerPosition.X; double hY = y2 - m_PlayerPosition.Y; double Length = Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(hX, 2) + Math.Pow(hY, 2)); hX = hX / Length; hY = hY / Length; while (m_PlayerPosition.X != Convert.ToInt32(x2) || m_PlayerPosition.Y != Convert.ToInt32(y2)) { m_PlayerPosition.X += Convert.ToInt32(hX * 1); m_PlayerPosition.Y += Convert.ToInt32(hY * 1); UpdatePlayerLocation(); } }

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  • Automated texture mapping

    - by brandon
    I have a set of seamless tiling textures. I want to be able to take an arbitrary model and create a UV map with these properties: No stretching (all textures tile appropriately so there is no stretching and sheering of the texture) The textures display on the correct axis relative to the model it's mapping to (if you look at the example, you can see some of the letters on the front are tilted, the y axis of the texture should be matching up with the y axis of the object. Some other faces have upside down letters too) the texture is as continuous as possible on the surface of the model (if two faces are adjacent, the texture continues on the adjacent face where it left off) the model is closed (all faces are completely enclosed by other faces) A few notes. This mapping will occur before triangulation. I realize there are ways to do this by hand and it's probably a hard problem to automatically map textures in general, but since these textures are seamless and I just need uniform coverage it seems like an easier problem. I'm looking for an algorithmic approach to this that I can apply in general, not a tool that does it. What approach would work for this, is there an existing one? (I assume so)

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  • How can I pass an array of floats to the fragment shader using textures?

    - by James
    I want to map out a 2D array of depth elements for the fragment shader to use to check depth against to create shadows. I want to be able to copy a float array into the GPU, but using large uniform arrays causes segfaults in openGL so that is not an option. I tried texturing but the best i got was to use GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, 512, 512, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_FLOAT, smap); Which doesn't work because that stores depth components (0.0 - 1.0) which I don't want because I have no idea how to calculate them using the depth value produced by the light sources MVP matrix multiplied by the coordinate of each vertex. Is there any way to store and access large 2D arrays of floats in openGL?

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  • Organising levels / rooms in a MUD-style text based world

    - by Polynomial
    I'm thinking of writing a small text-based adventure game, but I'm not particularly sure how I should design the world from a technical standpoint. My first thought is to do it in XML, designed something like the following. Apologies for the huge pile of XML, but I felt it important to fully explain what I'm doing. <level> <start> <!-- start in kitchen with empty inventory --> <room>Kitchen</room> <inventory></inventory> </start> <rooms> <room> <name>Kitchen</name> <description>A small kitchen that looks like it hasn't been used in a while. It has a table in the middle, and there are some cupboards. There is a door to the north, which leads to the garden.</description> <!-- IDs of the objects the room contains --> <objects> <object>Cupboards</object> <object>Knife</object> <object>Batteries</object> </objects> </room> <room> <name>Garden</name> <description>The garden is wild and full of prickly bushes. To the north there is a path, which leads into the trees. To the south there is a house.</description> <objects> </objects> </room> <room> <name>Woods</name> <description>The woods are quite dark, with little light bleeding in from the garden. It is eerily quiet.</description> <objects> <object>Trees01</object> </objects> </room> </rooms> <doors> <!-- a door isn't necessarily a door. each door has a type, i.e. "There is a <type> leading to..." from and to are references the rooms that this door joins. direction specifies the direction (N,S,E,W,Up,Down) from <from> to <to> --> <door> <type>door</type> <direction>N</direction> <from>Kitchen</from> <to>Garden</to> </door> <door> <type>path</type> <direction>N</direction> <from>Garden</type> <to>Woods</type> </door> </doors> <variables> <!-- variables set by actions --> <variable name="cupboard_open">0</variable> </variables> <objects> <!-- definitions for objects --> <object> <name>Trees01</name> <displayName>Trees</displayName> <actions> <!-- any actions not defined will show the default failure message --> <action> <command>EXAMINE</command> <message>The trees are tall and thick. There aren't any low branches, so it'd be difficult to climb them.</message> </action> </actions> </object> <object> <name>Cupboards</name> <displayName>Cupboards</displayName> <actions> <action> <!-- requirements make the command only work when they are met --> <requirements> <!-- equivilent of "if(cupboard_open == 1)" --> <require operation="equal" value="1">cupboard_open</require> </requirements> <command>EXAMINE</command> <!-- fail message is the message displayed when the requirements aren't met --> <failMessage>The cupboard is closed.</failMessage> <message>The cupboard contains some batteires.</message> </action> <action> <requirements> <require operation="equal" value="0">cupboard_open</require> </requirements> <command>OPEN</command> <failMessage>The cupboard is already open.</failMessage> <message>You open the cupboard. It contains some batteries.</message> <!-- assigns is a list of operations performed on variables when the action succeeds --> <assigns> <assign operation="set" value="1">cupboard_open</assign> </assigns> </action> <action> <requirements> <require operation="equal" value="1">cupboard_open</require> </requirements> <command>CLOSE</command> <failMessage>The cupboard is already closed.</failMessage> <message>You closed the cupboard./message> <assigns> <assign operation="set" value="0">cupboard_open</assign> </assigns> </action> </actions> </object> <object> <name>Batteries</name> <displayName>Batteries</displayName> <!-- by setting inventory to non-zero, we can put it in our bag --> <inventory>1</inventory> <actions> <action> <requirements> <require operation="equal" value="1">cupboard_open</require> </requirements> <command>GET</command> <!-- failMessage isn't required here, it'll just show the usual "You can't see any <blank>." message --> <message>You picked up the batteries.</message> </action> </actions> </object> </objects> </level> Obviously there'd need to be more to it than this. Interaction with people and enemies as well as death and completion are necessary additions. Since the XML is quite difficult to work with, I'd probably create some sort of world editor. I'd like to know if this method has any downfalls, and if there's a "better" or more standard way of doing it.

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  • Can Flash games packed for iOS and other mobile devices achieve reasonable performance?

    - by puppybeard
    I was thinking of developing a game in Flash, as a hobby/educational project. However, I was hoping I could make it run on a smartphone, but a friend who develops in Flash says that in their experience things will move really slow on the likes of an iPad when the Flash packager is used. So slowly that you can't use it commercially for fast-moving games. Has anyone else experienced this slowness? Is there a way around it or is the technology just not there yet?

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  • What's the future of online gamedev. FLASH or UNITY?

    - by Cpucpu
    Currently, i develop for flash, not much ago i discovered unity, not yet played with it, but i have seen so far was cool. Here are my thoughts: Flash is more casual, start with cost less, in time and money. In unity you'd likely have to go more bussines-serious (real money). There are proven bussines models in flash, like adver-gaming, ads, micro-transactions. Have not seen much movement in this in Unity, too soon maybe. Flash is too heavy. By its nature(making games) Unity is way faster. Flash is 2d, doing something 3d with it turns weird and slow. Unity is natively 3d, not optimized for 2d though, it is likely feasible as well. I am overlooking the plug-in widespread, that gap will get closed over the time.

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  • car crash android game

    - by Axarydax
    I'd like to make a simple 2d car crashing game, where the player would drive his car into moving traffic and try to cause as much damage as possible in each level (some Burnout games had a mode like this). The physics part of the game is the most important, I can worry about graphics later. Would engine like emini or box2d work for this kind of game? Would Android devices have enough power to handle this? For example if there were about 20 cars colliding, along with some buildings, it would be nice if I could get 20 fps.

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  • openfeint or gamecenter?

    - by Gajet
    which one has more potential customers, easier API, and wider feature list? i'm going to develop implement one of those two for highscore recording in my game which ones gives more advantages? and by the way I might be going to port my game to android, so if you know any thing that can help me not to rewrite my code (for example a C++ wrapper for both of them) that would mean a greate plus for openfeint in my point of veiw.

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  • What is involved for a simple UDP game?

    - by acidzombie24
    I once tried to write a simple game with UDP in a week as a throwaway test. It went horribly. I threw it away early. The main problem i had was restoring the game state of all players/enemies/objects to an old state and fast forward the game to the point of time the player is playing (ie half a second before a jump. A little early or late can make the player miss the jump) Maybe this method is not the easiest way? i suspect it to be but i designed it wrong from the beginning and realized at the end of 2nd day. (so i didnt learn too much or wasted that much time) For myself and others, What is involved for a simple UDP game and how do i write one? Or how do i solve the prediction problem restoring to state properly. I'll mark this as CW bc i know there will be lots of helpful answers.

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  • adapting a Unity gravitational script to allow moons

    - by PartyMix
    I'm using this script: http://wiki.unity3d.com/index.php/Simple_planetary_orbits to get a solar system going in Unity, but it doesn't seem to support creating bodies that orbit other moving bodies (or I am using it incorrectly). Any idea about how to modify it so that it does (or just use it correctly)? I've been beating my head against this problem for a couple hours, and I really don't feel like I have any idea what I'm doing. Thanks in advance.

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  • Should I use procedural animation?

    - by user712092
    I have started to make a fantasy 3d fps swordplay game and I want to add animations. I don't want to animate everything by hand because it would take a lot of time, so I decided to use procedural animation. I would certainly use IK (starting with simple reaching an object with hand ...). I also assume procedural generation of animations will make less animations to do by hand (I can blend animations ...). I want also to have a planner for animation which would simplify complex animations; those which can be split to a sequence - run and then jump, jump and then roll - or which are separable - legs running and torso swinging with sword -. I want for example a character to chop a head of a big troll. If troll crouches character would just chop his head off, if it is standing he would climb on a troll. I know that I would have to describe the state ("troll is low", "troll is high", "chop troll head" ..) which would imply what regions animation will be in (if there is a gap between them character would jump), which would imply what places character can have some of legs and hands or would choose an predefined animation. My main goal is simplicity of coding, but I want my game to be looking cool also. Is it worthy to use procedural animation or does it make more troubles that it solves? (there can be lot of twiddling ...) I am using Blender Game Engine (therefore Python for scripting, and Bullet Physics).

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  • CSM shadow errors when models are split

    - by KaiserJohaan
    I'm getting closer to fixing CSM, but there seems to be one more issue at hand. At certain angles, the models will be caught/split between two shadow map cascades, like below. first depth split second depth split - here you can see the model is caught between the splits How does one fix this? Increase the overlapping boundaries between the splits? Or is the frustrum erronous? CameraFrustrum CalculateCameraFrustrum(const float fovDegrees, const float aspectRatio, const float minDist, const float maxDist, const Mat4& cameraViewMatrix, Mat4& outFrustrumMat) { CameraFrustrum ret = { Vec4(1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(-1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), }; const Mat4 perspectiveMatrix = PerspectiveMatrixFov(fovDegrees, aspectRatio, minDist, maxDist); const Mat4 invMVP = glm::inverse(perspectiveMatrix * cameraViewMatrix); outFrustrumMat = invMVP; for (Vec4& corner : ret) { corner = invMVP * corner; corner /= corner.w; } return ret; } Mat4 CreateDirLightVPMatrix(const CameraFrustrum& cameraFrustrum, const Vec3& lightDir) { Mat4 lightViewMatrix = glm::lookAt(Vec3(0.0f), -glm::normalize(lightDir), Vec3(0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f)); Vec4 transf = lightViewMatrix * cameraFrustrum[0]; float maxZ = transf.z, minZ = transf.z; float maxX = transf.x, minX = transf.x; float maxY = transf.y, minY = transf.y; for (uint32_t i = 1; i < 8; i++) { transf = lightViewMatrix * cameraFrustrum[i]; if (transf.z > maxZ) maxZ = transf.z; if (transf.z < minZ) minZ = transf.z; if (transf.x > maxX) maxX = transf.x; if (transf.x < minX) minX = transf.x; if (transf.y > maxY) maxY = transf.y; if (transf.y < minY) minY = transf.y; } Mat4 viewMatrix(lightViewMatrix); viewMatrix[3][0] = -(minX + maxX) * 0.5f; viewMatrix[3][1] = -(minY + maxY) * 0.5f; viewMatrix[3][2] = -(minZ + maxZ) * 0.5f; viewMatrix[0][3] = 0.0f; viewMatrix[1][3] = 0.0f; viewMatrix[2][3] = 0.0f; viewMatrix[3][3] = 1.0f; Vec3 halfExtents((maxX - minX) * 0.5, (maxY - minY) * 0.5, (maxZ - minZ) * 0.5); return OrthographicMatrix(-halfExtents.x, halfExtents.x, halfExtents.y, -halfExtents.y, halfExtents.z, -halfExtents.z) * viewMatrix; }

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  • How to make unit selection circles merge?

    - by MaT
    I would like to know how to make this effect of merged circle selection. Here are images to illustrate: Basically I'm looking for this effect: How the merge effect of the circles can be achieved ? I didn't found any explanation concerning this effect. I know that to project those texture I can develop a decal system but I don't know how to create the merging effect. If possible, I'm looking for purely shaders solution.

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  • What algorithm to use to fill a KenKen square board with cages?

    - by JimmyBoh
    I am working on recreating KenKen, a popular math puzzle involving a blank grid that is divided into "cages". Each cage is just a collection of adjacent squares and has a clue which is generally a number and an operand, shown below: What type of algorithm would be best to fill the square with cages? Assume the maximum number of cells per cage would be 3 and the board is 4x4 in size, like in the example above.

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  • How do multi-platform games usually store save data?

    - by PixelPerfect3
    I realize this is a bit of a broad question, but I was wondering if there is a "standard" in the industry when it comes to storing save data for games (and is it different across platforms - Xbox/PS/PC/Mac/Android/iOS?) For example for a game like Assassin's Creed or The Walking Dead: They are on multiple platforms and they usually have to save enough information about the player and their actions. Do they use something like XML files, databases, or just straight binary dumps? How much does it differ from platform to platform? I would appreciate it if someone with experience in the game industry would answer this.

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  • How do you turn a cube into a sphere?

    - by Tom Dalling
    I'm trying to make a quad sphere based on an article, which shows results like this: I can generate a cube correctly: But when I convert all the points according to this formula (from the page linked above): x = x * sqrtf(1.0 - (y*y/2.0) - (z*z/2.0) + (y*y*z*z/3.0)); y = y * sqrtf(1.0 - (z*z/2.0) - (x*x/2.0) + (z*z*x*x/3.0)); z = z * sqrtf(1.0 - (x*x/2.0) - (y*y/2.0) + (x*x*y*y/3.0)); My sphere looks like this: As you can see, the edges of the cube still poke out too far. The cube ranges from -1 to +1 on all axes, like the article says. Any ideas what is wrong?

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  • Retrieving model position after applying modeltransforms in XNA

    - by Glen Dekker
    For this method that the goingBeyond XNA tutorial provides, it would be really convenient if I could retrieve the new position of the model after I apply all the transforms to the mesh. I have edited the method a little for what I need. Does anyone know a way I can do this? public void DrawModel( Camera camera ) { Matrix scaleY = Matrix.CreateScale(new Vector3(1, 2, 1)); Matrix temp = Matrix.CreateScale(100f) * scaleY * rotationMatrix * translationMatrix * Matrix.CreateRotationY(MathHelper.Pi / 6) * translationMatrix2; Matrix[] modelTransforms = new Matrix[model.Bones.Count]; model.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(modelTransforms); if (camera.getDistanceFromPlayer(position+position1) > 3000) return; foreach (ModelMesh mesh in model.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); effect.World = modelTransforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index] * temp * worldMatrix; effect.View = camera.viewMatrix; effect.Projection = camera.projectionMatrix; } mesh.Draw(); } }

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  • Importing Models from Maya to OpenGL

    - by Mert Toka
    I am looking for ways to import models to my game project. I am using Maya as modelling software, and GLUT for windowing of my game. I found this great parser, it imports all the textures and normal vectors, but it is compatible with .obj files of 3dsMAX. I tried to use it with Maya obj's, and it turned out that Maya's obj files are a bit different from former one, thus it cannot parse them. If you know any way to convert Maya obj files to 3dsMax obj files, that would be acceptable as well as a new parser for Maya obj files.

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  • Should I continue reading Frank Luna's Introduction to 3D Game Programming with DirectX 11 book after D3DX and XNA Math Library have been deprecated? [on hold]

    - by milindsrivastava1997
    I recently started learning DirectX 11 (C++) by reading Frank Luna's Introduction to 3D Game Programming with DirectX 11. In that the author uses D3DX and XNA Math Library. Since they have been deprecated should I continue using that book? If yes, should I use the deprecated libraries or should I switch some other libraries? If no, which book should I consult for up-to-date content with no use of deprecated library? Thanks!

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  • Randomly placing items script not working - sometimes items spawn in walls, sometimes items spawn in weird locations

    - by Timothy Williams
    I'm trying to figure out a way to randomly spawn items throughout my level, however I need to make sure they won't spawn inside another object (walls, etc.) Here's the code I'm currently using, it's based on the Physics.CheckSphere(); function. This runs OnLevelWasLoaded(); It spawns the items perfectly fine, but sometimes items spawn partway in walls. And sometimes items will spawn outside of the SpawnBox range (no clue why it does that.) //This is what randomly generates all the items. void SpawnItems () { if (Application.loadedLevelName == "Menu" || Application.loadedLevelName == "End Demo") return; //The bottom corner of the box we want to spawn items in. Vector3 spawnBoxBot = Vector3.zero; //Top corner. Vector3 spawnBoxTop = Vector3.zero; //If we're in the dungeon, set the box to the dungeon box and tell the items we want to spawn. if (Application.loadedLevelName == "dungeonScene") { spawnBoxBot = new Vector3 (8.857f, 0, 9.06f); spawnBoxTop = new Vector3 (-27.98f, 2.4f, -15); itemSpawn = dungeonSpawn; } //Spawn all the items. for (i = 0; i != itemSpawn.Length; i ++) { spawnedItem = null; //Zeroes out our random location Vector3 randomLocation = Vector3.zero; //Gets the meshfilter of the item we'll be spawning MeshFilter mf = itemSpawn[i].GetComponent<MeshFilter>(); //Gets it's bounds (see how big it is) Bounds bounds = mf.sharedMesh.bounds; //Get it's radius float maxRadius = new Vector3 (bounds.extents.x + 10f, bounds.extents.y + 10f, bounds.extents.z + 10f).magnitude * 5f; //Set which layer is the no walls layer var NoWallsLayer = 1 << LayerMask.NameToLayer("NoWallsLayer"); //Use that layer as your layermask. LayerMask layerMask = ~(1 << NoWallsLayer); //If we're in the dungeon, certain items need to spawn on certain halves. if (Application.loadedLevelName == "dungeonScene") { if (itemSpawn[i].name == "key2" || itemSpawn[i].name == "teddyBearLW" || itemSpawn[i].name == "teddyBearLW_Admiration" || itemSpawn[i].name == "radio") randomLocation = new Vector3(Random.Range(spawnBoxBot.x, -26.96f), Random.Range(spawnBoxBot.y, spawnBoxTop.y), Random.Range(spawnBoxBot.z, -2.141f)); else randomLocation = new Vector3(Random.Range(spawnBoxBot.x, spawnBoxTop.x), Random.Range(spawnBoxBot.y, spawnBoxTop.y), Random.Range(-2.374f, spawnBoxTop.z)); } //Otherwise just spawn them in the box. else randomLocation = new Vector3(Random.Range(spawnBoxBot.x, spawnBoxTop.x), Random.Range(spawnBoxBot.y, spawnBoxTop.y), Random.Range(spawnBoxBot.z, spawnBoxTop.z)); //This is what actually spawns the item. It checks to see if the spot where we want to instantiate it is clear, and if so it instatiates it. Otherwise we have to repeat the whole process again. if (Physics.CheckSphere(randomLocation, maxRadius, layerMask)) spawnedItem = Instantiate(itemSpawn[i], randomLocation, Random.rotation); else i --; //If we spawned something, set it's name to what it's supposed to be. Removes the (clone) addon. if (spawnedItem != null) spawnedItem.name = itemSpawn[i].name; } } What I'm asking for is if you know what's going wrong with this code that it would spawn stuff in walls. Or, if you could provide me with links/code/ideas of a better way to check if an item will spawn in a wall (some other function than Physics.CheckSphere). I've been working on this for a long time, and nothing I try seems to work. Any help is appreciated.

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  • How does Blizzard manage to support Mac OS and Windows in their games?

    - by begray
    I've always thought, that using Direct X for Windows was the most powerful, easy and modern method to create games with modern graphics nowdays. And knowing, that it's only Windows I thinks it's pretty difficult to make something similar on other platforms (Mac OS to be exact). But Blizzard somehow managed to deliver Starcraft 2 for Mac OS, and Diablo 3 will be available for Mac too. So what I'm interested in is information about: what technologies are they using for their game engines? are they using one engine for both games (Starcraft 2 and Diablo 3)? Or develop custom for each game? what are they paying in terms of time and money for Mac OS support? Thanks

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  • SpriteBatch.end() generating null pointer exception

    - by odaymichael
    I am getting a null pointer exception using libGDX that the debugger points as the SpriteBatch.end() line. I was wondering what would cause this. Here is the offending code block, specifically the batch.end() line: batch.begin(); for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) if (zoomgrid[i][j].getPiece().getImage() != null) zoomgrid[i][j].getPiece().getImage().draw(batch); batch.end(); The top of the stack is actually a line that calls lastTexture.bind(); In the flush() method of com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.SpriteBatch. I appreciate any input, let me know if I haven't included enough information.

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  • Normal map applied as diffuse textures looks wrong

    - by KaiserJohaan
    Diffuse textures works fine, but I am having problem with normal maps, so I thought I'd tried to apply the normal maps as the diffuse map in my fragment shader so I could see everything is OK. I comment-out my normal map code and just set the diffuse map to the normal map and I get this: http://postimg.org/image/j9gudjl7r/ Looks like a smurf! This is the actual normal map of the main body: http://postimg.org/image/sbkyr6fg9/ Here is my fragment shader, notice I commented out normal map code so I could debug the normal map as a diffuse texture "#version 330 \n \ \n \ layout(std140) uniform; \n \ \n \ const int MAX_LIGHTS = 8; \n \ \n \ struct Light \n \ { \n \ vec4 mLightColor; \n \ vec4 mLightPosition; \n \ vec4 mLightDirection; \n \ \n \ int mLightType; \n \ float mLightIntensity; \n \ float mLightRadius; \n \ float mMaxDistance; \n \ }; \n \ \n \ uniform UnifLighting \n \ { \n \ vec4 mGamma; \n \ vec3 mViewDirection; \n \ int mNumLights; \n \ \n \ Light mLights[MAX_LIGHTS]; \n \ } Lighting; \n \ \n \ uniform UnifMaterial \n \ { \n \ vec4 mDiffuseColor; \n \ vec4 mAmbientColor; \n \ vec4 mSpecularColor; \n \ vec4 mEmissiveColor; \n \ \n \ bool mHasDiffuseTexture; \n \ bool mHasNormalTexture; \n \ bool mLightingEnabled; \n \ float mSpecularShininess; \n \ } Material; \n \ \n \ uniform sampler2D unifDiffuseTexture; \n \ uniform sampler2D unifNormalTexture; \n \ \n \ in vec3 frag_position; \n \ in vec3 frag_normal; \n \ in vec2 frag_texcoord; \n \ in vec3 frag_tangent; \n \ in vec3 frag_bitangent; \n \ \n \ out vec4 finalColor; " " \n \ \n \ void CalcGaussianSpecular(in vec3 dirToLight, in vec3 normal, out float gaussianTerm) \n \ { \n \ vec3 viewDirection = normalize(Lighting.mViewDirection); \n \ vec3 halfAngle = normalize(dirToLight + viewDirection); \n \ \n \ float angleNormalHalf = acos(dot(halfAngle, normalize(normal))); \n \ float exponent = angleNormalHalf / Material.mSpecularShininess; \n \ exponent = -(exponent * exponent); \n \ \n \ gaussianTerm = exp(exponent); \n \ } \n \ \n \ vec4 CalculateLighting(in Light light, in vec4 diffuseTexture, in vec3 normal) \n \ { \n \ if (light.mLightType == 1) // point light \n \ { \n \ vec3 positionDiff = light.mLightPosition.xyz - frag_position; \n \ float dist = max(length(positionDiff) - light.mLightRadius, 0); \n \ \n \ float attenuation = 1 / ((dist/light.mLightRadius + 1) * (dist/light.mLightRadius + 1)); \n \ attenuation = max((attenuation - light.mMaxDistance) / (1 - light.mMaxDistance), 0); \n \ \n \ vec3 dirToLight = normalize(positionDiff); \n \ float angleNormal = clamp(dot(normalize(normal), dirToLight), 0, 1); \n \ \n \ float gaussianTerm = 0.0; \n \ if (angleNormal > 0.0) \n \ CalcGaussianSpecular(dirToLight, normal, gaussianTerm); \n \ \n \ return diffuseTexture * (attenuation * angleNormal * Material.mDiffuseColor * light.mLightIntensity * light.mLightColor) + \n \ (attenuation * gaussianTerm * Material.mSpecularColor * light.mLightIntensity * light.mLightColor); \n \ } \n \ else if (light.mLightType == 2) // directional light \n \ { \n \ vec3 dirToLight = normalize(light.mLightDirection.xyz); \n \ float angleNormal = clamp(dot(normalize(normal), dirToLight), 0, 1); \n \ \n \ float gaussianTerm = 0.0; \n \ if (angleNormal > 0.0) \n \ CalcGaussianSpecular(dirToLight, normal, gaussianTerm); \n \ \n \ return diffuseTexture * (angleNormal * Material.mDiffuseColor * light.mLightIntensity * light.mLightColor) + \n \ (gaussianTerm * Material.mSpecularColor * light.mLightIntensity * light.mLightColor); \n \ } \n \ else if (light.mLightType == 4) // ambient light \n \ return diffuseTexture * Material.mAmbientColor * light.mLightIntensity * light.mLightColor; \n \ else \n \ return vec4(0.0); \n \ } \n \ \n \ void main() \n \ { \n \ vec4 diffuseTexture = vec4(1.0); \n \ if (Material.mHasDiffuseTexture) \n \ diffuseTexture = texture(unifDiffuseTexture, frag_texcoord); \n \ \n \ vec3 normal = frag_normal; \n \ if (Material.mHasNormalTexture) \n \ { \n \ diffuseTexture = vec4(normalize(texture(unifNormalTexture, frag_texcoord).xyz * 2.0 - 1.0), 1.0); \n \ // vec3 normalTangentSpace = normalize(texture(unifNormalTexture, frag_texcoord).xyz * 2.0 - 1.0); \n \ //mat3 tangentToWorldSpace = mat3(normalize(frag_tangent), normalize(frag_bitangent), normalize(frag_normal)); \n \ \n \ // normal = tangentToWorldSpace * normalTangentSpace; \n \ } \n \ \n \ if (Material.mLightingEnabled) \n \ { \n \ vec4 accumLighting = vec4(0.0); \n \ \n \ for (int lightIndex = 0; lightIndex < Lighting.mNumLights; lightIndex++) \n \ accumLighting += Material.mEmissiveColor * diffuseTexture + \n \ CalculateLighting(Lighting.mLights[lightIndex], diffuseTexture, normal); \n \ \n \ finalColor = pow(accumLighting, Lighting.mGamma); \n \ } \n \ else { \n \ finalColor = pow(diffuseTexture, Lighting.mGamma); \n \ } \n \ } \n"; Here is my wrapper around a texture OpenGLTexture::OpenGLTexture(const std::vector<uint8_t>& textureData, uint32_t textureWidth, uint32_t textureHeight, TextureFormat textureFormat, TextureType textureType, Logger& logger) : mLogger(logger), mTextureID(gNextTextureID++), mTextureType(textureType) { glGenTextures(1, &mTexture); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, mTexture); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); GLint glTextureFormat = (textureFormat == TextureFormat::TEXTURE_FORMAT_RGB ? GL_RGB : textureFormat == TextureFormat::TEXTURE_FORMAT_RGBA ? GL_RGBA : GL_RED); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, glTextureFormat, textureWidth, textureHeight, 0, glTextureFormat, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, &textureData[0]); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); } OpenGLTexture::~OpenGLTexture() { glDeleteBuffers(1, &mTexture); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); } And here is the sampler I create which is shared between Diffuse and normal textures // texture sampler setup glGenSamplers(1, &mTextureSampler); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glSamplerParameteri(mTextureSampler, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glSamplerParameteri(mTextureSampler, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glSamplerParameteri(mTextureSampler, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glSamplerParameteri(mTextureSampler, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glSamplerParameterf(mTextureSampler, GL_TEXTURE_MAX_ANISOTROPY_EXT, mCurrentAnisotropy); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(mDefaultProgram.GetHandle(), "unifDiffuseTexture"), OpenGLTexture::TEXTURE_UNIT_DIFFUSE); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(mDefaultProgram.GetHandle(), "unifNormalTexture"), OpenGLTexture::TEXTURE_UNIT_NORMAL); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glBindSampler(OpenGLTexture::TEXTURE_UNIT_DIFFUSE, mTextureSampler); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glBindSampler(OpenGLTexture::TEXTURE_UNIT_NORMAL, mTextureSampler); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); SetAnisotropicFiltering(mCurrentAnisotropy); The diffuse textures looks like they should, but the normal looks so wierd. Why is this?

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  • What is a technique for 2D ray-box intersection that is suitable for old console hardware?

    - by DJCouchyCouch
    I'm working on a Sega Genesis homebrew game (it has a 7mhz 68000 CPU). I'm looking for a way to find the intersection between a particle sprite and a background tile. Particles are represented as a point with a movement vector. Background tiles are 8 x 8 pixels, with an (X,Y) position that is always located at a multiple of 8. So, really, I need to find the intersection point for a ray-box collision; I need to find out where along the edge of the tile the ray/particle hits. I have these two hard constraints: I'm working with pixel locations (integers). Floating point is too expensive. It doesn't have to be super exact, just close enough. Multiplications, divisions, dot products, et cetera, are incredibly expensive and are to be avoided. So I'm looking for an efficient algorithm that would fit those constraints. Any ideas? I'm writing it in C, so that would work, but assembly should be good as well.

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