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  • How to properly render a Frame Buffer to the BackBuffer in Stage3D / AGAL

    - by bigp
    After doing a render pass with RenderToTarget (RTT), how do you properly render that texture buffer to the screen while maintaining original scale / proportions so it doesn't stretch or lose quality? Can an AGAL VertexShader & FragmentShader be written so it's adaptable to any Texture size and Viewport dimensions? I find I'm getting some "blocky" effects in some of my first attempts at "ping-ponging" between two Texture buffers (to create trailing effects). Perhaps I'm not using the UVs correctly between the rendering-to-target and/or the backbuffer? Is there a simpler way just to "splash" the texture on the backbuffer, or is a Quad absolutely necessary (4 vertices, 2 triangles)? If it needs the Quad, should the Texture buffer be fully drawn (0.0 to 1.0 for vertical and horizontal UVs), or only a percentage of it should, like the example below? Texture Buffer U: 0.0 to viewport.width/texturebuffer.width; Texture Buffer V: 0.0 to viewport.height/texturebuffer.height; Thanks!

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  • 2D graphics - why use spritesheets?

    - by Columbo
    I have seen many examples of how to render sprites from a spritesheet but I havent grasped why it is the most common way of dealing with sprites in 2d games. I have started out with 2d sprite rendering in the few demo applications I've made by dealing with each animation frame for any given sprite type as its own texture - and this collection of textures is stored in a dictionary. This seems to work for me, and suits my workflow pretty well, as I tend to make my animations as gif/mng files and then extract the frames to individual pngs. Is there a noticeable performance advantage to rendering from a single sheet rather than from individual textures? With modern hardware that is capable of drawing millions of polygons to the screen a hundred times a second, does it even matter for my 2d games which just deal with a few dozen 50x100px rectangles? The implementation details of loading a texture into graphics memory and displaying it in XNA seems pretty abstracted. All I know is that textures are bound to the graphics device when they are loaded, then during the game loop, the textures get rendered in batches. So it's not clear to me whether my choice affects performance. I suspect that there are some very good reasons most 2d game developers seem to be using them, I just don't understand why.

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  • How to develop RPG Damage Formulas?

    - by user127817
    I'm developing a classical 2d RPG (in a similar vein to final fantasy) and I was wondering if anyone had some advice on how to do damage formulas/links to resources/examples? I'll explain my current setup. Hopefully I'm not overdoing it with this question, and I apologize if my questions is too large/broad My Characters stats are composed of the following: enum Stat { HP = 0, MP = 1, SP = 2, Strength = 3, Vitality = 4, Magic = 5, Spirit = 6, Skill = 7, Speed = 8, //Speed/Agility are the same thing Agility = 8, Evasion = 9, MgEvasion = 10, Accuracy = 11, Luck = 12, }; Vitality is basically defense to physical attacks and spirit is defense to magic attacks. All stats have fixed maximums (9999 for HP, 999 for MP/SP and 255 for the rest). With abilities, the maximums can be increased (99999 for HP, 9999 for HP/SP, 999 for the rest) with typical values (at level 100) before/after abilities+equipment+etc will be 8000/20,000 for HP, 800/2000 for SP/MP, 180/350 for other stats Late game Enemy HP will typically be in the lower millions (with a super boss having the maximum of ~12 million). I was wondering how do people actually develop proper damage formulas that scale correctly? For instance, based on this data, using the damage formulas for Final Fantasy X as a base looked very promising. A full reference here http://www.gamefaqs.com/ps2/197344-final-fantasy-x/faqs/31381 but as a quick example: Str = 127, 'Attack' command used, enemy Def = 34. 1. Physical Damage Calculation: Step 1 ------------------------------------- [{(Stat^3 ÷ 32) + 32} x DmCon ÷16] Step 2 ---------------------------------------- [{(127^3 ÷ 32) + 32} x 16 ÷ 16] Step 3 -------------------------------------- [{(2048383 ÷ 32) + 32} x 16 ÷ 16] Step 4 --------------------------------------------------- [{(64011) + 32} x 1] Step 5 -------------------------------------------------------- [{(64043 x 1)}] Step 6 ---------------------------------------------------- Base Damage = 64043 Step 7 ----------------------------------------- [{(Def - 280.4)^2} ÷ 110] + 16 Step 8 ------------------------------------------ [{(34 - 280.4)^2} ÷ 110] + 16 Step 9 ------------------------------------------------- [(-246)^2) ÷ 110] + 16 Step 10 ---------------------------------------------------- [60516 ÷ 110] + 16 Step 11 ------------------------------------------------------------ [550] + 16 Step 12 ---------------------------------------------------------- DefNum = 566 Step 13 ---------------------------------------------- [BaseDmg * DefNum ÷ 730] Step 14 --------------------------------------------------- [64043 * 566 ÷ 730] Step 15 ------------------------------------------------------ [36248338 ÷ 730] Step 16 ------------------------------------------------- Base Damage 2 = 49655 Step 17 ------------ Base Damage 2 * {730 - (Def * 51 - Def^2 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 18 ---------------------- 49655 * {730 - (34 * 51 - 34^2 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 19 ------------------------- 49655 * {730 - (1734 - 1156 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 20 ------------------------------- 49655 * {730 - (1734 - 105) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 21 ------------------------------------- 49655 * {730 - (1629) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 22 --------------------------------------------- 49655 * {730 - 162} ÷ 730 Step 23 ----------------------------------------------------- 49655 * 568 ÷ 730 Step 24 -------------------------------------------------- Final Damage = 38635 I simply modified the dividers to include the attack rating of weapons and the armor rating of armor. Magic Damage is calculated as follows: Mag = 255, Ultima is used, enemy MDef = 1 Step 1 ----------------------------------- [DmCon * ([Stat^2 ÷ 6] + DmCon) ÷ 4] Step 2 ------------------------------------------ [70 * ([255^2 ÷ 6] + 70) ÷ 4] Step 3 ------------------------------------------ [70 * ([65025 ÷ 6] + 70) ÷ 4] Step 4 ------------------------------------------------ [70 * (10837 + 70) ÷ 4] Step 5 ----------------------------------------------------- [70 * (10907) ÷ 4] Step 6 ------------------------------------ Base Damage = 190872 [cut to 99999] Step 7 ---------------------------------------- [{(MDef - 280.4)^2} ÷ 110] + 16 Step 8 ------------------------------------------- [{(1 - 280.4)^2} ÷ 110] + 16 Step 9 ---------------------------------------------- [{(-279.4)^2} ÷ 110] + 16 Step 10 -------------------------------------------------- [(78064) ÷ 110] + 16 Step 11 ------------------------------------------------------------ [709] + 16 Step 12 --------------------------------------------------------- MDefNum = 725 Step 13 --------------------------------------------- [BaseDmg * MDefNum ÷ 730] Step 14 --------------------------------------------------- [99999 * 725 ÷ 730] Step 15 ------------------------------------------------- Base Damage 2 = 99314 Step 16 ---------- Base Damage 2 * {730 - (MDef * 51 - MDef^2 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 17 ------------------------ 99314 * {730 - (1 * 51 - 1^2 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 18 ------------------------------ 99314 * {730 - (51 - 1 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 19 --------------------------------------- 99314 * {730 - (49) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 20 ----------------------------------------------------- 99314 * 725 ÷ 730 Step 21 -------------------------------------------------- Final Damage = 98633 The problem is that the formulas completely fall apart once stats start going above 255. In particular Defense values over 300 or so start generating really strange behavior. High Strength + Defense stats lead to massive negative values for instance. While I might be able to modify the formulas to work correctly for my use case, it'd probably be easier just to use a completely new formula. How do people actually develop damage formulas? I was considering opening excel and trying to build the formula that way (mapping Attack Stats vs. Defense Stats for instance) but I was wondering if there's an easier way? While I can't convey the full game mechanics of my game here, might someone be able to suggest a good starting place for building a damage formula? Thanks

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  • How do I load a libGDX Skin on Android?

    - by Lukas
    I am pretty desperate searching for a solution to load ui skins into my android app (actually it is not my app, it is a tutorial I'm following). The app always crashes at this part: assets.load("ui/defaultskin/defaultskin.json", Skin.class, new SkinLoader.SkinParameter("ui/defaultskin/defaultskin.atlas")); The files are the ones from the bitowl tutorial: http://bitowl.de/day6/ I guess Gdx.files.internal doesn't work on android, since the app crashed with this, too. Thanks for helping me out, Lukas

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  • Why isn't my lighting working properly? Are my normals messed up?

    - by Radek Slupik
    I'm relatively new to OpenGL and I am trying to draw a 3D model (loaded from a 3ds file using lib3ds) using OpenGL with lighting, but about half of it is drawn in black. I set up the light as such: glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); GLfloat ambientColor[] = {0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f}; glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, ambientColor); glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); GLfloat lightColor0[] = {1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f}; GLfloat lightPos0[] = {4.0f, 0.0f, 8.0f, 0.0f}; glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, lightColor0); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, lightPos0); The model is in a VBO and drawn using glDrawArrays. The normals are in a separate VBO, and the normals are calculated using lib3ds_mesh_calculate_vertex_normals: std::vector<std::array<float, 3>> normals; for (std::size_t i = 0; i < model->nmeshes; ++i) { auto& mesh = *model->meshes[i]; std::vector<float[3]> vertex_normals(mesh.nfaces * 3); lib3ds_mesh_calculate_vertex_normals(&mesh, vertex_normals.data()); for (std::size_t j = 0; j < mesh.nfaces; ++j) { auto& face = mesh.faces[j]; normals.push_back(make_array(vertex_normals[j])); } } glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, normal_vbo_); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, normals.size() * sizeof(decltype(normals)::value_type), normals.data(), GL_STATIC_DRAW); The problem isn't the vertices; the model is drawn correctly when drawing it as a wireframe. I also fixed the normals in Blender using controlN. What could be the problem? Should I store the normals in a different order?

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  • What is this JavaScript gibberish?

    - by W3Geek
    I am studying how to make a 2D game with JavaScript by reading open source JavaScript games and I came across this gibberish... aSpriteData = [ "}\"¹-º\"À+º\"À+º\"À+º\"¿¤À ~C_ +º\"À+º\"À+º\"À*P7²OK%¾+½u_\"À<¡a¡a¡bM@±@ª", // 0 ground "a ' ![± 7°³b£[mt<Nµ7z]~¨OR»[f_7l},tl},+}%XN²Sb[bl£[±%Y_¹ !@ $", // 1 qbox "!A % @,[] ±}°@;µn¦&X£ <$ §¤ 8}}@Prc'U#Z'H'@· ¶\"is ¤&08@£(", // 2 mario " ´!A.@H#q8¸»e-½n®@±oW:&X¢a<&bbX~# }LWP41}k¬#3¨q#1f RQ@@:4@$", // 3 mario jump " 40 q$!hWa-½n¦#_Y}a©,0#aaPw@=cmY<mq©GBagaq&@q#0§0t0¤ $", // 4 mario run "+hP_@", // 5 pipe left "¢,6< R¤", // 6 pipe right "@ & ,'+hP?>³®'©}[!»¹.¢_^¥y/pX¸#µ°=a¾½hP?>³®'©}[!»¹.¢_^ Ba a", // 7 pipe top left "@ , !] \"º £] , 8O #7a&+¢ §²!cº 9] P &O ,4 e", // 8 pipe top right " £ #! ,! P!!vawd/XO¤8¼'¤P½»¹²'9¨ \"P²Pa²(!¢5!N*(4´b!Gk(a", // 9 goomba " Xu X5 =ou!¯­¬a[Z¼q.°u#|xv ¸··@=~^H'WOJ!¯­¬a=Nu ²J <J a", // 10 coin // yui "@ & !MX ~L \"y %P *¢ 5a K w !L \"y %P *­a%¬¢ 4 a", // 11 ebox // yui "¢ ,\"²+aN!@ &7 }\"²+aN!XH # }\"²+aN!X% 8}\"²+aN!X%£@ (", // 12 bricks "} %¿¢!N° I¨²*<P%.8\"h,!Cg r¥ H³a4X¢*<P%.H#I¬ :a!u !q", // 13 block makeSpace(20) + "4a }@ }0 N( w$ }\" N! +aa", // 14 bush left " r \"²y!L%aN zPN NyN#²L}[/cy¾ N" + makeSpace(18) + "@", // 15 bush mid makeSpace(18) + "++ !R·a!x6 &+6 87L ¢6 P+ 8+ (", // 16 bush right " %©¦ +pq 7> \"³ s" + makeSpace(25) + "@", // 17 cloud bottom left "a/a_#².Q¥'¥b}8.£¨7!X\"K+5cqs%(" + makeSpace(18) + "0", // 18 cloud bottom mid "bP ¢L P+ 8%a,*a%§@ J" + makeSpace(22) + "(", // 19 cloud bottom right "", // 20 mushroom "", // koopa 16x24 "", // 22 star "", // 23 flagpole "", // 24 flag "", // 25 flagpole top " 6 ~ }a }@ }0 }( }$ }\" }! } a} @} 0} (} $} \"² $", // 26 hill slope "a } \"m %8 *P!MF 5la\"y %P" + makeSpace(18) + "(", // 27 hill mid makeSpace(30) + "%\" t!DK \"q", // 28 hill top "", // 29 castle bricks "", // 30 castle doorway bottom "", // 31 castle doorway top "", // 32 castle top "", // 33 castle top 2 "", // 34 castle window right "", // 35 castle window left "", // 36 castle flag makeSpace(19) + "8@# (9F*RSf.8 A¢$!¢040HD", // 37 goomba flat " *(!¬#q³¡[_´Yp~¡=<¥g=&'PaS²¿ Sbq*<I#*£Ld%Ryd%¼½e8H8bf#0a", // 38 mario dead " = ³ #b 'N¶ Z½Z Z½Z Z½Z Z½Z Z½Z Z½Z =[q ²@ ³ ¶ 0", // 39 coin step 1 " ?@ /q /e '¤ #³ !ºa }@ N0 ?( /e '¤ #³ ¿ _a \"", // 40 coin step 2 " / > ] º !² #¢ %a + > ] º !² #¢ 'a \"", // 41 coin step 3 " 7¢ +² *] %> \"p !Ga t¢ I² 4º *] %> \"p ¡ Oa \"" // 42 coin step 4 ], What does it do? If you want to look at the source file here it is: http://www.nihilogic.dk/labs/mario/mario.js Beware, there is more gibberish inside. I can't seem to make sense of any of it. Thank you.

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  • Cannot convert parameter 1 from 'short *' to 'int *' [closed]

    - by Torben Carrington
    I'm trying to learn pointers and since I recently learned that short int takes up less memory [2 bytes as apposed to the long int's memory usage of 4 which is the default for int] I wanted to create a pointer that uses the memory address of a short integer. I'm following a tutorial in my book about Pointers and it's using the Swap function. The problem is I receive this error the moment I change everything from int to short int: error C2664: 'Swap' : cannot convert parameter 1 from 'short *' to 'int *' 1 Types pointed to are unrelated; conversion requires reinterpret_cast, C-style cast or function-style cast Since my code is so small here is the whole thing: void Swap(short int *sipX, short int *sipY) { short int siTemp = *sipX; *sipX = *sipY; *sipY = siTemp; } int main() { short int siBig = 100; short int siSmall = 1; std::cout << "Pre-Swap: " << siBig << " " << siSmall << std::endl; Swap(&siBig, &siSmall); std::cout << "Post-Swap: " << siBig << " " << siSmall << std::endl; return 0; }

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  • The View-Matrix and Alternative Calculations

    - by P. Avery
    I'm working on a radiosity processor in DirectX 9. The process requires that the camera be placed at the center of a mesh face and a 'screenshot' be taken facing 5 different directions...forward...up...down...left...right... ...The problem is that when the mesh face is facing up( look vector: 0, 1, 0 )...a view matrix cannot be determined using standard trigonometry functions: Matrix4 LookAt( Vector3 eye, Vector3 target, Vector3 up ) { // The "look-at" vector. Vector3 zaxis = normal(target - eye); // The "right" vector. Vector3 xaxis = normal(cross(up, zaxis)); // The "up" vector. Vector3 yaxis = cross(zaxis, xaxis); // Create a 4x4 orientation matrix from the right, up, and at vectors Matrix4 orientation = { xaxis.x, yaxis.x, zaxis.x, 0, xaxis.y, yaxis.y, zaxis.y, 0, xaxis.z, yaxis.z, zaxis.z, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 }; // Create a 4x4 translation matrix by negating the eye position. Matrix4 translation = { 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, -eye.x, -eye.y, -eye.z, 1 }; // Combine the orientation and translation to compute the view matrix return ( translation * orientation ); } The above function comes from http://3dgep.com/?p=1700... ...Is there a mathematical approach to this problem? Edit: A problem occurs when setting the view matrix to up or down directions, here is an example of the problem when facing down: D3DXVECTOR4 vPos( 3, 3, 3, 1 ), vEye( 1.5, 3, 3, 1 ), vLook( 0, -1, 0, 1 ), vRight( 1, 0, 0, 1 ), vUp( 0, 0, 1, 1 ); D3DXMATRIX mV, mP; D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH( &mP, D3DX_PI / 2, 1, 0.5f, 2000.0f ); D3DXMatrixIdentity( &mV ); memcpy( ( void* )&mV._11, ( void* )&vRight, sizeof( D3DXVECTOR3 ) ); memcpy( ( void* )&mV._21, ( void* )&vUp, sizeof( D3DXVECTOR3 ) ); memcpy( ( void* )&mV._31, ( void* )&vLook, sizeof( D3DXVECTOR3 ) ); memcpy( ( void* )&mV._41, ( void* )&(-vEye), sizeof( D3DXVECTOR3 ) ); D3DXVec4Transform( &vPos, &vPos, &( mV * mP ) ); Results: vPos = D3DXVECTOR3( 1.5, -6, -0.5, 0 ) - this vertex is not properly processed by shader as the homogenous w value is 0 it cannot be normalized to a position within device space...

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  • Logic behind a bejeweled-like game

    - by Joe
    In a prototype I am doing, there is a minigame similar to bejeweled. Using a grid that is a 2d array (int[,]) how can I go about know when the user formed a match? I only care about horizontally and vertically. Off the top of my head I was thinking I would just look each direction. Something like: int item = grid[x,y]; if(grid[x-1,y]==item) { int step=x; int matches =2; while(grid[step-1,y]==item) { step++; matches++ } if(matches>2) //remove all matching items } else if(grid[x+1,y]==item //.... else if(grid[x,y-1==item) //... else if(grid[x,y+1]==item) //... It seems like there should be a better way. Is there?

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  • SDL to SFML simple question

    - by ultifinitus
    Hey! I've been working on a game in c++ for about a week and a half, and I've been using SDL. However, my current engine only needs the following from whatever library I use: enable double buffering load an image from path into something that I can apply to the screen apply an image to the screen with a certain x,y enable transparency on an image (possibly) image clipping, for sprite sheets. I am fairly sure that SFML has all of this functionality, I'm just not positive. Will someone confirm my suspicions? Also I have one or two questions regarding SFML itself. Do I have to do anything to enable hardware accelerated rendering? How quick is SFML at blending alpha values? (sorry for the less than intelligent question!)

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  • How to create array with unique sprites? in cocos2d iphone

    - by prakash s
    I write the code like this. This displays only one sprite (red colour bubble) with number of times and moving down, but actually I want to display different sprites (different colour bubble) every time and moving down. I also add no of .png images in resource folder of my project. Here I used only 3.png, but I need to display all *.png images (different colour bubbles) in my project but I don't know how to get this. Please help me Thank you. Here is the code: -(void)addTarget { CCSprite *target = [CCSprite spriteWithFile:@"3.png" rect:CGRectMake(0, 0, 256, 256)]; CGSize winSize = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize]; int minY = target.contentSize.height/2; int maxY = winSize.height - target.contentSize.height/2; int rangeY = maxY - minY; int actualY = (arc4random() % rangeY) + minY; // Create the target slightly off-screen along the right edge, // and along a random position along the Y axis as calculated above target.position = ccp(winSize.width + (target.contentSize.width/2), actualY); [self addChild:target]; // Determine speed of the target int minDuration = 4.0; int maxDuration = 12.0; int rangeDuration = maxDuration - minDuration; int actualDuration = (arc4random() % rangeDuration) + minDuration; // Create the actions id actionMove = [CCMoveTo actionWithDuration:actualDuration position:ccp(-target.contentSize.width/2,actualY)]; id actionMoveDone = [CCCallFuncN actionWithTarget:self selector:@selector(spriteMoveFinished:)]; [target runAction:[CCSequence actions:actionMove, actionMoveDone, nil]]; // Add to targets array target.tag = 2; [_targets addObject:target]; } -(void)gameLogic:(ccTime)dt { [self addTarget]; } -(id) init { if( (self=[super initWithColor:ccc4(255,255,255,255)] )) { // Enable touch events self.isTouchEnabled = YES; // Initialize arrays _targets = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; _projectiles = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; // Get the dimensions of the window for calculation purposes CGSize winSize = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize]; [self schedule:@selector(gameLogic:) interval:1.0]; [self schedule:@selector(update:)]; } return self; } - (void)update:(ccTime)dt { NSMutableArray *projectilesToDelete = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; for (CCSprite *projectile in _projectiles) { CGRect projectileRect = CGRectMake(projectile.position.x - (projectile.contentSize.width/2), projectile.position.y - (projectile.contentSize.height/2), projectile.contentSize.width, projectile.contentSize.height); NSMutableArray *targetsToDelete = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; for (CCSprite *target in _targets) { CGRect targetRect = CGRectMake(target.position.x - (target.contentSize.width/2), target.position.y - (target.contentSize.height/2), target.contentSize.width, target.contentSize.height); if (CGRectIntersectsRect(projectileRect, targetRect)) { [targetsToDelete addObject:target]; } } for (CCSprite *target in targetsToDelete) { [_targets removeObject:target]; [self removeChild:target cleanup:YES]; _projectilesDestroyed++; if (_projectilesDestroyed > 30) { //GameOverScene *gameOverScene = [GameOverScene node]; // [gameOverScene.layer.label setString:@"You Win!"]; // [[CCDirector sharedDirector] replaceScene:gameOverScene]; } } if (targetsToDelete.count > 0) { [projectilesToDelete addObject:projectile]; } [targetsToDelete release]; } for (CCSprite *projectile in projectilesToDelete) { [_projectiles removeObject:projectile]; [self removeChild:projectile cleanup:YES]; } [projectilesToDelete release]; }

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  • Open Source AI Bot interfaces

    - by David Young
    What are some open source AI Bot interfaces? Similar to Pogamut 3 GameBots2004 for custom Unreal Tournament bots or Brood Wars API for Starcraft bots etc. If you could please post one AI bot interface per answer (make sure to provide a link) and give a brief summary as to the content of the blog posts. Please include what type of bot interface structure it is, client/server, server/server, etc e.g. BWAPI is client/server which emulates a real player

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  • Need help understanding XNA 4.0 BoundingBox vs BoundingSphere Intersection

    - by nerdherd
    I am new to both game programming and XNA, so I apologize if I'm missing a simple concept or something. I have created a simple 3D game with a player and a crate and I'm working on getting my collision detection working properly. Right now I am using a BoundingSphere for my player, and a BoundingBox for the crate. For some reason, XNA only detects a collision when my player's sphere touches the front face of the crate. I'm rendering all the BoundingSpheres and BoundingBoxes as wire frames so I can see what's going on, and everything visually appears to be correct, but I can't figure out this behavior. I have tried these checks: playerSphere.Intersects(crate.getBoundingBox()) playerSphere.Contains(crate.getBoundingBox(), ContainmentType.Intersects) playerSphere.Contains(crate.getBoundingBox()) != ContainmentType.Disjoint But they all seem to produce the same behavior (in other words, they are only true when I hit the front face of the crate). The interesting thing is that when I use a BoundingSphere for my crate the collision is detected as I would expect, but of course this makes the edges less accurate. Any thoughts or ideas? Have I missed something about how BoundingSpheres and BoundingBoxes compute their intersections? I'd be happy to post more code or screenshots to clarify if needed. Thanks!

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  • Transform 3D vectors between coordinate systems

    - by Nir Cig
    I've got 6 points in 3D space: A,B,C,D,E,F, that represent 4 vectors. AB is perpendicular to AC and DE is perpendicular to DF. I need to find a transformation matrix M, that transforms AB to DE and AC to DF. In other words: M·AB=DE, M·AC=DF If no scaling was involved, this could be solved with a simple rotation matrix. But since the ratios |AB|/|DE|, |AC|/|DF| might be different, I'm not sure how to proceed.

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  • Changing Palette for Day/Light Mode using GIMP

    - by J.C.
    Hello, Suppose I've a picture, which want to achieve day/light mode by changing 8bpp color palette. If I want the pixel index of my picture is always fixed for both day mode and night mode. For example, the 1st pixel index is 100. Which I can look up index 100 in day mode palette and night mode palette. How can I use GIMP to do so? My goal is to not update my pixel index of my picture. Also, as you see in two palette, they are not one one mapping. That is index 1 of the day mode palette and index 1 of the night mode palette may not used in the same pixel of the picture, how can I tackle this problem? Actually, my use case is as follow I want to use one 8bpp picture to achieve day/night mode by update only the color palette (without updating the pixel index). The advantage is I only have to prepare 2 256 byte palette rather than saving 2 big pictures in my limited data ram. Thanks a lot

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  • How to label a cuboid?

    - by usha
    Hi this is how my 3dcuboid looks, I have attached the complete code. I want to label this cuboid using different names across sides, how is this possible using opengl on android? public class MyGLRenderer implements Renderer { Context context; Cuboid rect; private float mCubeRotation; // private static float angleCube = 0; // Rotational angle in degree for cube (NEW) // private static float speedCube = -1.5f; // Rotational speed for cube (NEW) public MyGLRenderer(Context context) { rect = new Cuboid(); this.context = context; } public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); gl.glLoadIdentity(); // Reset the model-view matrix gl.glTranslatef(0.2f, 0.0f, -8.0f); // Translate right and into the screen gl.glScalef(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f); // Scale down (NEW) gl.glRotatef(mCubeRotation, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // gl.glRotatef(angleCube, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // rotate about the axis (1,1,1) (NEW) rect.draw(gl); mCubeRotation -= 0.15f; //angleCube += speedCube; } public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if (height == 0) height = 1; // To prevent divide by zero float aspect = (float)width / height; // Set the viewport (display area) to cover the entire window gl.glViewport(0, 0, width, height); // Setup perspective projection, with aspect ratio matches viewport gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_PROJECTION); // Select projection matrix gl.glLoadIdentity(); // Reset projection matrix // Use perspective projection GLU.gluPerspective(gl, 45, aspect, 0.1f, 100.f); gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW); // Select model-view matrix gl.glLoadIdentity(); // Reset } public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub gl.glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // Set color's clear-value to black gl.glClearDepthf(1.0f); // Set depth's clear-value to farthest gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_DEPTH_TEST); // Enables depth-buffer for hidden surface removal gl.glDepthFunc(GL10.GL_LEQUAL); // The type of depth testing to do gl.glHint(GL10.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL10.GL_NICEST); // nice perspective view gl.glShadeModel(GL10.GL_SMOOTH); // Enable smooth shading of color gl.glDisable(GL10.GL_DITHER); // Disable dithering for better performance }} public class Cuboid{ private FloatBuffer mVertexBuffer; private FloatBuffer mColorBuffer; private ByteBuffer mIndexBuffer; private float vertices[] = { //width,height,depth -2.5f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -2.5f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -2.5f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -2.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; private float colors[] = { // R,G,B,A COLOR 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; private byte indices[] = { // VERTEX 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 REPRESENTATION FOR FACES 0, 4, 5, 0, 5, 1, 1, 5, 6, 1, 6, 2, 2, 6, 7, 2, 7, 3, 3, 7, 4, 3, 4, 0, 4, 7, 6, 4, 6, 5, 3, 0, 1, 3, 1, 2 }; public Cuboid() { ByteBuffer byteBuf = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertices.length * 4); byteBuf.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); mVertexBuffer = byteBuf.asFloatBuffer(); mVertexBuffer.put(vertices); mVertexBuffer.position(0); byteBuf = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(colors.length * 4); byteBuf.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); mColorBuffer = byteBuf.asFloatBuffer(); mColorBuffer.put(colors); mColorBuffer.position(0); mIndexBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(indices.length); mIndexBuffer.put(indices); mIndexBuffer.position(0); } public void draw(GL10 gl) { gl.glFrontFace(GL10.GL_CW); gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, mVertexBuffer); gl.glColorPointer(4, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, mColorBuffer); gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY); gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLES, 36, GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, mIndexBuffer); gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY); } } public class Draw3drect extends Activity { private GLSurfaceView glView; // Use GLSurfaceView // Call back when the activity is started, to initialize the view @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); glView = new GLSurfaceView(this); // Allocate a GLSurfaceView glView.setRenderer(new MyGLRenderer(this)); // Use a custom renderer this.setContentView(glView); // This activity sets to GLSurfaceView } // Call back when the activity is going into the background @Override protected void onPause() { super.onPause(); glView.onPause(); } // Call back after onPause() @Override protected void onResume() { super.onResume(); glView.onResume(); } }

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  • How to fix bad Collada produced by FBX?

    - by David
    I tried to use the FBX SDK (2011.3.1) to load FBX files and save them as Collada files in order to be able to import FBX files in Panda3D. Unfortunately the resulting Collada files are not usable for several reasons, among them: There's a Maya specific extra technique diffuse <diffuse> <texture texture="Map__2-image" texcoord="CHANNEL0"> <extra> <technique profile="MAYA"> <wrapU sid="wrapU0">TRUE</wrapU> <wrapV sid="wrapV0">TRUE</wrapV> <blend_mode>ADD</blend_mode> </technique> </extra> </texture> </diffuse> It assigns a texcoord channel name that isn't referenced anywhere else in the file (in the previous code sample, no geometry uses "CHANNEL0"...) Every polygon is exported twice, a first time with a basic material (only diffuse color, specular color, etc.) and a second time with a textured material -- this doubles the number of polygons of each model without any valuable reason Anyway, the resulting Collada file cannot be opened correctly either with OpenCOLLADA or Panda3D's "dae2egg". Anyone has any experience on how to "fix" it and make it understandable by common and well-reputed Collada importers such as OpenCOLLADA?

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  • UDP Code client server architecture

    - by GameBuilder
    Hi I have developed a game on android.Now I want to play it on wifi or 3G. I have game packets which i want to send it form client(mobile) to server then to another client2(mobile). I don't know how to write code in Java to send the playPackets continuously to server and receive the playPacket continuously from the server to the clients. I guess i have to use two thread one for sending and one for receiving. Can someone help me with the code, or the procedure to write code for it. Thanks in advance.

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  • xna orbit camera troubles

    - by user17753
    I have a Model named cube to which I load in LoadContent(): cube = Content.Load<Model>("untitled");. In the Draw Method I call DrawModel: private void DrawModel(Model m, Matrix world) { foreach (ModelMesh mesh in m.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); effect.View = camera.View; effect.Projection = camera.Projection; effect.World = world; } mesh.Draw(); } } camera is of the Camera type, a class I've setup. Right now it is instantiated in the initialization section with the graphics aspect ratio and the translation (world) vector of the model, and the Draw loop calls the camera.UpdateCamera(); before drawing the models. class Camera { #region Fields private Matrix view; // View Matrix for Camera private Matrix projection; // Projection Matrix for Camera private Vector3 position; // Position of Camera private Vector3 target; // Point camera is "aimed" at private float aspectRatio; //Aspect Ratio for projection private float speed; //Speed of camera private Vector3 camup = Vector3.Up; #endregion #region Accessors /// <summary> /// View Matrix of the Camera -- Read Only /// </summary> public Matrix View { get { return view; } } /// <summary> /// Projection Matrix of the Camera -- Read Only /// </summary> public Matrix Projection { get { return projection; } } #endregion /// <summary> /// Creates a new Camera. /// </summary> /// <param name="AspectRatio">Aspect Ratio to use for the projection.</param> /// <param name="Position">Target coord to aim camera at.</param> public Camera(float AspectRatio, Vector3 Target) { target = Target; aspectRatio = AspectRatio; ResetCamera(); } private void Rotate(Vector3 Axis, float Amount) { position = Vector3.Transform(position - target, Matrix.CreateFromAxisAngle(Axis, Amount)) + target; } /// <summary> /// Resets Default Values of the Camera /// </summary> private void ResetCamera() { speed = 0.05f; position = target + new Vector3(0f, 20f, 20f); projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(MathHelper.PiOver4, aspectRatio, 0.5f, 100f); CalculateViewMatrix(); } /// <summary> /// Updates the Camera. Should be first thing done in Draw loop /// </summary> public void UpdateCamera() { Rotate(Vector3.Right, speed); CalculateViewMatrix(); } /// <summary> /// Calculates the View Matrix for the camera /// </summary> private void CalculateViewMatrix() { view = Matrix.CreateLookAt(position,target, camup); } I'm trying to create the camera so that it can orbit the center of the model. For a test I am calling Rotate(Vector3.Right, speed); but it rotates almost right but gets to a point where it "flips." If I rotate along a different axis Rotate(Vector3.Up, speed); everything seems OK in that direction. So I guess, can someone tell me what I'm not accounting for in the above code I wrote? Or point me to an example of an orbiting camera that can be fixed on an arbitrary point?

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  • How to Export Flash Animation Data

    - by charliep
    I'd love for my partner, the artist, to be able to animate using flash movieclips and timelines. Then I, the programmer, would like to read the raw Flash info and re-program it into my engine of choice (which happens to be Torque2D). The data I'd want is the bitmap images that were used in Flash, like the head and body the links between the images, like where the head connects to the body the motion data from the flash animation, like move, rotate (at what speed), shear, etc. for the head or arms or whatever. Is there any way to get this data? Here's what I know so far. There are tools like SWFSheet and Spriteloq that convert the entire flash animation into a frame by frame sprite animation (in a sprite sheet). This would take too much space in my case, so I'd like to avoid that. Re-animating on the fly would take much less texture memory. There is a PDF that describes the SWF file format but NOT the individual components like the movieclips. So anyone know of a library I can use, or how I can learn more about the movieclip components and whatnot? (more better tags: transform, export, convert)

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  • Can and should a game design be patented?

    - by Christian
    I have an idea for a game that I want to develop and I feel is unique, and I'm wondering if I should patent it. I read on the web that games can be patented, but just because it can be done doesn't mean that it makes sense to do it. I actually don't really want patent it (it's expensive, a hassle and I don't believe in patenting of ideas... unless it's something truly revolutionary). However, I'm concerned a bigger company could come along, with more experienced game designers and developers and steal the idea.

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  • Question about Target parameter of Matrix.CreateLookAt

    - by manning18
    I have a newbie question that's causing me a little bit of confusion when experimenting with cameras and reading other peoples implementations - does this parameter represent a point or a vector? In some examples I've seen people treat it like a specific point they are looking at (eg a position in the world), other times I see people caching the orientation of the camera in a rotation matrix and simply using the Matrix.Forward property as the "target", and other times it's a vector that's the result of targetPos - camPos and also I saw a camPos + orientation.Forward I was also just playing around with hard-coded target positions with same direction eg 1 to 10000 with no discernible difference in what I saw in the scene. Is the "Target" parameter actually a position or a direction (irrespective of magnitude)? Are there any subtle differences in behaviors, common mistakes or gotchas that are associated with what values you provide, or HOW you provide this paramter? Are all the methods I mentioned above equivalent? (sorry, I've only recently started and my math is still catching up)

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  • With 2 superposed cameras at different depths and switching their culling masks between layers to implement object-selective antialising:

    - by user36845
    We superposed two cameras, one of which uses AA as post-processing effect (AA filtering is cancelled). The camera with the AA effect has depth 0 and the camera with no effect has depth 1 as can be seen in the 5th and 6th Picture. The objects seen on the left are in layer 1 and the ones on the right are in layer 2. We then wrote a script that switches the culling masks of the cameras between the two layers at the push of buttons 1 and 2 respectively, and accomplishes object-selective antialiasing as seen in the first the three pictures. (The way two cameras separately switch culling masks between layers is illustrated in pictures 7,8 & 9.) HOWEVER, after making the environment 3D (see pictures 1-4), by parenting the 2 cameras under First-Person Controller, we started moving around in the environment and stumbled upon a big issue: When we look at the objects from such an angle as in the 4th Picture and we want to apply antialiasing to the first object (object on the left) which stands closer to our cameras now, the culling mask of 1st camera which is at depth 0, has to be switched to that object’s layer while the second object has to be in the culling mask of the 2nd camera at depth 1. And since the two image outputs of two superposed cameras are laid on top of one another; we obtain the erroneous/unrealistic result of the object farther in the back appearing closer to the camera than the front object (see 4th Picture). We already tried switching depths of cameras so that the 1st camera –with AA- now has depth 1 and the second has depth 0; BUT the camera with the AA effect Works in such a way that it applies the AA effect to its full view. So; the camera with the AA effect always has to remain at the lowest depth and the layer of the object to be antialiased has to be then assigned to the culling mask of the AA camera; otherwise all objects in the AA camera’s view (the two cubes in our case) become antialised, which we don’t want. So; how can we resolve this? The pictures are below and in the comments since each post can have 2 pics: Pic 1. No button is pushed: Both objects seem aliased. Pic 2. Button 1 is pushed: Left (1st) object is antialiased. 2nd object remains aliased. Pic 3. Button 2 is pushed: Right (2nd) object is antialiased. 1st object remains aliased. Pic 4. The problematic result in 3D, when using two superposed cameras with different depths Pic 5. Camera 1’s properties can be seen: using AA post-processing and its depth is 0 Pic 6. Camera 2’s properties can be seen: NOT using AA post-processing and its depth is 1 Pic 7. When no button is pushed, both objects are in the culling mask of Camera 2 and are aliased Pic 8. When pushed 1, camera 1 (bottom) shows the 1st object and camera 2 (top) shows the 2nd Pic 9. When pushed 2, camera 1 (bottom) shows the 2nd object and camera 2 (top) shows the 1st

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  • Anti-cheat Javascript for browser/HTML5 game

    - by Billy Ninja
    I'm planning on venturing on making a single player action rpg in js/html5, and I'd like to prevent cheating. I don't need 100% protection, since it's not going to be a multiplayer game, but I want some level of protection. So what strategies you suggest beyond minify and obfuscation? I wouldn't bother to make some server side simple checking, but I don't want to go the Diablo 3 path keeping all my game state changes on the server side. Since it's going to be a rpg of sorts I came up with the idea of making a stats inspector that checks abrupt changes in their values, but I'm not sure how it consistent and trusty it can be. What about variables and functions escopes? Working on smaller escopes whenever possible is safer, but it's worth the effort? Is there anyway for the javascript to self inspect it's text, like in a checksum? There are browser specific solutions? I wouldn't bother to restrain it for Chrome only in the early builds.

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  • I am looking for an graduation project idea for bacelor of computer engineering [closed]

    - by project idea
    I am interested in computer graphics and I have developed many hobby projects, mostly 2D and 3D games/scenes in directX and openGL, But for a grad project, proffesors wont allow games. I browsed many similar questions here and I am convinced project should be something I am really interested in as I will give considerable time to it. But apart from games I am not able to decide on the topic. I am also open to ideas on social apps and android.

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