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  • How to calculate continuous motion with angular velocity in 2d

    - by Rulk
    I'm really new with physics. Maybe someone would be able to help me to solve the next problem: I need to calculate position of an agent on the plane(2D) in next time step where time step is large(20+ seconds) What I know about agent's motion: Initial Position Direction(normalised vector) Velocity(linear function from time ) - object always moves along it's direction Angular Velocity(linear function from time) Optional: External force direction External force (linear function from time) Running discreet simulation with t-0 is not an option.

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  • Rending 2D Tile World (With Player In The Middle)

    - by Mick
    What I have at the moment is a series of data structures I'm using, and I would like to render the world onto the screen (just the visible parts). I've actually already done this several times (lots of rewrites), but it's a bit buggy (rounding seems to make the screen jump ever so slightly every x tiles the player walks past). Basically I've been confusing myself heavily on what I feel should be a pretty simple problem... so here I am asking for some help! OK! So I have a 50x50 array holding the tiles of the world. I have the player position as 2 floats, x ([0, 49]) and y ([0, 49]) in that array. I have the application size exactly in pixels (x and y). I have an arbitrary TILE_SIZE static int (based on screen pixels). What I think is heavily confusing me is using a 2d orthogonal projection in opengl which maps (0,0) to the top left of the screen and (SCREEN_SIZE_X, SCREEN_SIZE_Y) to the bottom right of the screen. gl.glMatrixMode(GL.GL_PROJECTION); gl.glLoadIdentity(); glu.gluOrtho2D(0, getActualWidth(), getActualHeight(), 0); gl.glMatrixMode(GL.GL_MODELVIEW); gl.glLoadIdentity(); The map tiles are set so that the (0,0) in the array is the bottom left. And the player has to be in the middle on the screen (SCREEN_SIZE_X/2, SCREEN_SIZE_Y/2). What I've been doing so far is trying to render 1-2 tiles more all around what would be displayed on the screen so that I don't have to worry about figuring out rendering half a tile from the top left, depending where the player is. It seems like such an easy problem but after spending about 40+hours on it rewriting it many times I think I'm at a point where I just can't think clearly anymore... Any help would be appreciated. It would be great if someone can provide some very basic pseudo code on keeping the player in the middle when your projection is mapped to screen coordinates and only rendering basically the tiles that you would be any be see. Thanks!

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  • World to Pixel Transformation

    - by D00d
    My objects have a location in world coordinates (basically 1.0f is a meter). If I simply draw my objects using their world coordinates, each meter will correspond to a pixel. Obviously that's not what I want. Now, I don't want to have to apply a transformation to each and every object's position when I draw them. As I happen to be using XNA, and spritebatch allows a Matrix to be passed in as an argument in it's begin method, I was wondering if there is a way to pass the World to Pixel transformation in there. Any suggestions? So far Matrix.CreateScale(new Vector3(zoom, zoom, 1)) puts the objects in their proper spot, but it also scales up the sprites. Is there a way to transform the position without enlarging the sprite? Thanks

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  • Rotate a vector

    - by marc wellman
    I want my first-person camera to smoothly change its viewing direction from direction d1 to direction d2. The latter direction is indicated by a target position t2. So far I have implemented a rotation that works fine but the speed of the rotation slows down the closer the current direction gets to the desired one. This is what I want to avoid. Here are the two very simple methods I have written so far: // this method initiates the direction change and sets the parameter public void LookAt(Vector3 target) { _desiredDirection = target - _cameraPosition; _desiredDirection.Normalize(); _rotation = new Matrix(); _rotationAxis = Vector3.Cross(Direction, _desiredDirection); _isLooking = true; } // this method gets execute by the Update()-method if _isLooking flag is up. private void _lookingAt() { dist = Vector3.Distance(Direction, _desiredDirection); // check whether the current direction has reached the desired one. if (dist >= 0.00001f) { _rotationAxis = Vector3.Cross(Direction, _desiredDirection); _rotation = Matrix.CreateFromAxisAngle(_rotationAxis, MathHelper.ToRadians(1)); Direction = Vector3.TransformNormal(Direction, _rotation); } else { _onDirectionReached(); _isLooking = false; } } Again, rotation works fine; camera reaches its desired direction. But the speed is not equal over the course of movement - it slows down. How to achieve a rotation with constant speed ?

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  • How do I put different textures on different walls? LWJGL

    - by lehermj
    So far I have it so you are running around in a box, but all of the walls are the same texture! I've loaded up other textures for the walls (I want the walls a different texture than the floor) but it seems as if its being ignored... Here's my code: int floorTexture = glGenTextures(); { InputStream in = null; try { in = new FileInputStream("floor.png"); PNGDecoder decoder = new PNGDecoder(in); ByteBuffer buffer = BufferUtils.createByteBuffer(4 * decoder.getWidth() * decoder.getHeight()); decoder.decode(buffer, decoder.getWidth() * 4, Format.RGBA); buffer.flip(); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, floorTexture); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, decoder.getWidth(), decoder.getHeight(), 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, buffer); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, floorTexture); } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) { System.err.println("Failed to find the texture files."); ex.printStackTrace(); Display.destroy(); System.exit(1); } catch (IOException ex) { System.err.println("Failed to load the texture files."); ex.printStackTrace(); Display.destroy(); System.exit(1); } finally { if (in != null) { try { in.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } int wallTexture = glGenTextures(); { InputStream in = null; try { in = new FileInputStream("walls.png"); PNGDecoder decoder = new PNGDecoder(in); ByteBuffer buffer = BufferUtils.createByteBuffer(4 * decoder.getWidth() * decoder.getHeight()); decoder.decode(buffer, decoder.getWidth() * 4, Format.RGBA); buffer.flip(); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, wallTexture); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, decoder.getWidth(), decoder.getHeight(), 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, buffer); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, wallTexture); } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) { System.err.println("Failed to find the texture files."); ex.printStackTrace(); Display.destroy(); System.exit(1); } catch (IOException ex) { System.err.println("Failed to load the texture files."); ex.printStackTrace(); Display.destroy(); System.exit(1); } finally { if (in != null) { try { in.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } int ceilingDisplayList = glGenLists(1); glNewList(ceilingDisplayList, GL_COMPILE); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(gridSize, ceilingHeight, gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, gridSize); glEnd(); glEndList(); int wallDisplayList = glGenLists(1); glNewList(wallDisplayList, GL_COMPILE); glBegin(GL_QUADS); // North wall glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); // West wall glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, +gridSize); // East wall glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(+gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(+gridSize, floorHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(+gridSize, ceilingHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(+gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); // South wall glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(+gridSize, ceilingHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(+gridSize, floorHeight, +gridSize); glEnd(); glEndList(); int floorDisplayList = glGenLists(1); glNewList(floorDisplayList, GL_COMPILE); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(gridSize, floorHeight, gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glEnd(); glEndList();

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  • How do I make my character slide down high-angled slopes?

    - by keinabel
    I am currently working on my character's movement in Unity3D. I managed to make him move relatively to the mouse cursor. I set a slope limit of 45°, which does not allow the character to walk up the mountains with higher degrees. But he can still jump them up. How do I manage to make him slide down again when he jumped at places with too high slope? Thanks in advance. edit: Code snippet of my basic movement. using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class BasicMovement : MonoBehaviour { private float speed; private float jumpSpeed; private float gravity; private float slopeLimit; private Vector3 moveDirection = Vector3.zero; void Start() { PlayerSettings settings = GetComponent<PlayerSettings>(); speed = settings.GetSpeed(); jumpSpeed = settings.GetJumpSpeed(); gravity = settings.GetGravity(); slopeLimit = settings.GetSlopeLimit(); } void Update() { CharacterController controller = GetComponent<CharacterController>(); controller.slopeLimit = slopeLimit; if (controller.isGrounded) { moveDirection = new Vector3(Input.GetAxis("Horizontal"), 0, Input.GetAxis("Vertical")); moveDirection = transform.TransformDirection(moveDirection); moveDirection *= speed; if (Input.GetButton("Jump")) { moveDirection.y = jumpSpeed; } } moveDirection.y -= gravity * Time.deltaTime; controller.Move(moveDirection * Time.deltaTime); } }

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  • How are vertex shader outs sent as inputs to the fragment shader?

    - by Jeffrey
    I'm learning some OpenGL 3.2 way of doing things and I think it's quite great, I'm actually understanding more of shaders and non-fixed pipeline in 1 week rather than those 2 years I tried to learn OpenGL fixed pipeline functions. But here's my question: From what I think I've understood the vertex shader is run for each vertexes in the VBO. But the fragments shader is run per each pixel (is that right?) which is a huge number compared to let's say 3 vertexes of a triangle. Now it seems that in the vertex shader the out variables (like colors and stuff) are passed 1 to 1 to the fragment shader. But let's say that I pass to the fragment shader the position of the vertex in the vertex shader. How is all executed? What vertex (A, B or C of the hipothetical triangle) is passed per each fragment and why?

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  • Cocos2d Box2d contact listener call different method in collided object

    - by roma86
    I have the building object, wen it hit with other, i want to call some method inside it. Building.mm -(void)printTest { NSLog(@"printTest method work correctly"); } in my ContactListener i trying to call it so: ContactListener.mm #import "ContactListener.h" #import "Building.h" void ContactListener::BeginContact(b2Contact* contact) { b2Body* bodyA = contact->GetFixtureA()->GetBody(); b2Body* bodyB = contact->GetFixtureB()->GetBody(); Building *buildA = (Building *)bodyA->GetUserData(); Building *buildB = (Building *)bodyB->GetUserData(); if (buildB.tag == 1) { NSLog(@"tag == 1"); } if (buildA.tag == 2) { NSLog(@"tag == 2"); [buildA printTest]; } } NSLog(@"tag == 2"); work correctly, but [buildA printTest]; get error Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSInvalidArgumentException', reason: '-[CCSprite printTest]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x18595f0' Obviously I'm referring to the wrong object. How i can get different method and property in contacted objects from contactlistener class? Thanks.

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  • What is involved with writing a lobby server?

    - by Kira
    So I'm writing a Chess matchmaking system based on a Lobby view with gaming rooms, general chat etc. So far I have a working prototype but I have big doubts regarding some things I did with the server. Writing a gaming lobby server is a new programming experience to me and so I don't have a clear nor precise programming model for it. I also couldn't find a paper that describes how it should work. I ordered "Java Network Programming 3rd edition" from Amazon and still waiting for shipment, hopefully I'll find some useful examples/information in this book. Meanwhile, I'd like to gather your opinions and see how you would handle some things so I can learn how to write a server correctly. Here are a few questions off the top of my head: (may be more will come) First, let's define what a server does. It's primary functionality is to hold TCP connections with clients, listen to the events they generate and dispatch them to the other players. But is there more to it than that? Should I use one thread per client? If so, 300 clients = 300 threads. Isn't that too much? What hardware is needed to support that? And how much bandwidth does a lobby consume then approx? What kind of data structure should be used to hold the clients' sockets? How do you protect it from concurrent modification (eg. a player enters or exists the lobby) when iterating through it to dispatch an event without hurting throughput? Is ConcurrentHashMap the correct answer here, or are there some techniques I should know? When a user enters the lobby, what mechanism would you use to transfer the state of the lobby to him? And while this is happening, where do the other events bubble up? Screenshot : http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/695/sansrewyh.png/

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  • BoundingSpheres move when they should not

    - by NDraskovic
    I have a XNA 4.0 project in which I load a file that contains type and coordinates of items I need to draw to the screen. Also I need to check if one particular type (the only movable one) is passing in front or trough other items. This is the code I use to load the configuration: if (ks.IsKeyDown(Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input.Keys.L)) { this.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); Otvaranje.ShowDialog(); try { using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(Otvaranje.FileName)) { String linija; while ((linija = sr.ReadLine()) != null) { red = linija.Split(','); model = red[0]; x = red[1]; y = red[2]; z = red[3]; elementi.Add(Convert.ToInt32(model)); podatci.Add(new Vector3(Convert.ToSingle(x), Convert.ToSingle(y), Convert.ToSingle(z))); sfere.Add(new BoundingSphere(new Vector3(Convert.ToSingle(x), Convert.ToSingle(y), Convert.ToSingle(z)), 1f)); } } } catch (Exception ex) { Window.Title = ex.ToString(); } } The "Otvaranje" is an OpenFileDialog object, "elementi" is a List (determines the type of item that would be drawn), podatci is a List (determines the location where the items will be drawn) and sfere is a List. Now I solved the picking algorithm (checking for ray and bounding sphere intersection) and it works fine, but the collision detection does not. I noticed, while using picking, that BoundingSphere's move even though the objects that they correspond to do not. The movable object is drawn to the world1 Matrix, and the static objects are drawn into the world2 Matrix (world1 and world2 have the same values, I just separated them so that the static elements would not move when the movable one does). The problem is that when I move the item I want, all boundingSpheres move accordingly. How can I move only the boundingSphere that corresponds to that particular item, and leave the rest where they are?

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  • Rendering multiple squares fast?

    - by Sam
    so I'm doing my first steps with openGL development on android and I'm kinda stuck at some serious performance issues... What I'm trying to do is render a whole grid of single colored squares on to the screen and I'm getting framerates of ~7FPS. The squares are 9px in size right now with one pixel border in between, so I get a few thousand of them. I have a class "Square" and the Renderer iterates over all Squares every frame and calls the draw() method of each (just the iteration is fast enough, with no openGL code the whole thing runs smootlhy at 60FPS). Right now the draw() method looks like this: // Prepare the square coordinate data GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(mPositionHandle, COORDS_PER_VERTEX, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, vertexStride, vertexBuffer); // Set color for drawing the square GLES20.glUniform4fv(mColorHandle, 1, color, 0); // Draw the square GLES20.glDrawElements(GLES20.GL_TRIANGLES, drawOrder.length, GLES20.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, drawListBuffer); So its actually only 3 openGL calls. Everything else (loading shaders, filling buffers, getting appropriate handles, etc.) is done in the Constructor and things like the Program and the handles are also static attributes. What am I missing here, why is it rendering so slow? I've also tried loading the buffer data into VBOs, but this is actually slower... Maybe I did something wrong though. Any help greatly appreciated! :)

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  • Java 2D World question

    - by Munkybunky
    I have a 2D world background made up of a Grid of graphics, which I display on screen with a viewport (800x600) and it all works. My question is I have the following code to convert the mouse co-ordinates to world co-ordinates then World co-ordinates to grid co-ordinates then grid co-ordinates to screen co-ordinates. //Add camerax to mouse screen co-ords to convert to world co-ords. int cursorx_world=(int)camerax+(int)GameInput.mousex; int cursorx_grid=(int)cursorx_world/blocksize; // World Co-ords / gridsize give grid co-ords int cursorx_screen=-(int)camerax+(cursorx_grid*blocksize); So is there anyway I can convert straight from mouse screen co-ords to screen co-ordinates?

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  • how does HDR work?

    - by dotminic
    I'm trying to understand what HDR is and how it works. I understand the basic concepts and have an slight idea of how it is implemented with D3D/hlsl. However it's still pretty foggy. Say I'm rendering a sphere with a texture of the earth and a small point list of vertices to act as stars, how would I render this in HDR ? Here are a few things I'm confused about: I'm guessing, I can't use just any basic image format for the texture as the values would be limited to [0, 255] and clamped to [0, 1] in a shader. Same goes for the back buffer, I take it the format needs to be a float point format ? What are the other steps involved ? Surely there has to be more than just using floating point formats to render to a render target and then apply some bloom as a post process ? (considering the output will be 8bpp anyway) Basically, what are the steps for HDR ? How does it work ? I can't seem to find any good papers / articles that describe the process, other than this one, but it seems to skim over the basics a little, so it's confusing.

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  • Modular building technique with angles? (A roof)

    - by Mungoid
    Ive been spending a bit of time lately studying the modular buildings of many games and reading/viewing several tutorials about it as well, but almost every example I see uses a plain square building that does not have any angled roof or similar. In all my applications (CS6, Blender/Max, UDK) I adhere to the same grid spacing and I get pretty good results, but trying to make modular angled pieces is confusing me as I'm not sure the best way to approach it. Below is some shots of my template sheet and workflow I have been doing. Should I do the roof separately or is it possible for me to keep it in the same texture sheet? The main issue is below. I have made a couple modular roof pieces but when i try to use them, i end up needing to model multiple other parts to fill gaps based on what roof shape i want. I then model those 'filler' pieces and now i have that much less space left in my texture sheet and those pieces are usually not that reusable for anything else. This is where im not sure how to proceed. If anyone has any links to documents or papers talking about this or advice, I would greatly appreciate it! =-) My main roof pieces with the gaps My power of 2 texture sheet, with 16x16 grid squares. The texture sheet loaded into blender on a 16x16 plane and starting to separate and extrude.

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  • Implementing Camera Zoom in a 2D Engine

    - by Luke
    I'm currently trying to implement camera scaling/zoom in my 2D Engine. Normally I calculate the Sprite's drawing size and position similar to this pseudo code: render() { var x = sprite.x; var y = sprite.y; var sizeX = sprite.width * sprite.scaleX; // width of the sprite on the screen var sizeY = sprite.height * sprite.scaleY; // height of the sprite on the screen } To implement the scaling i changed the code to this: class Camera { var scaleX; var scaleY; var zoom; var finalScaleX; // = scaleX * zoom var finalScaleY; // = scaleY * zoom } render() { var x = sprite.x * Camera.finalScaleX; var y = sprite.y * Camera.finalScaleY; var sizeX = sprite.width * sprite.scaleX * Camera.finalScaleX; var sizeY = sprite.height * sprite.scaleY * Camera.finalScaleY; } The problem is that when the zoom is smaller than 1.0 all sprites are moved toward the top-left corner of the screen. This is expected when looking at the code but i want the camera to zoom on the center of the screen. Any tips on how to do that are welcome. :)

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  • How exactly does app ranking work?

    - by qweasdzxc1
    So I've been in the app industry for around half a year and I still don't know how exactly ranking higher for your app will help increase downloads. That sounds like a question with an obvious answer but this is what's going through my mind so hear me out: Unless your app is ranked within the top 100, no one can see it in the featured categories. So even if my app jumped from 400th to 300th place, would there really even be a difference in downloads? And I'm saying 400th to 300th in ranking in my specific category. Indie developers like me don't even come close to ranking for the overall category. So far, the only usefulness of trying to get a higher rank is to get featured or something like that, but big companies have tons of money to throw on marketing...so the chances of any indie developer getting featured is rare. The only thing that I can see ranking being good for is to rank for your keywords so that when someone searches for that word, your app will hopefully appear in the top 10-25 results. Can anyone confirm my thoughts or add anything else that I might have missed out on? How exactly do users find your app if you're not in the top 100 app in your category?

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  • What is the most serious limitation of Unity?

    - by ashes999
    Having read this heated question about Unity vs. UDK vs. ID something, I'm curious to know: what the repeatedly-hit, most crippling limitation(s) of Unity? In order to keep this question non-subjective, again, I'm talking about the top repeated offender(s) of Unity are. This is something that, as a Unity user, you really wish someone had told you about before you started using it. I have heard from someone that Unity does not deal well with version control, since it generates a lot of binary files (which are un-diffable). This, to me, is not really crippling as I work alone. Thoughts?

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  • Climbing boxes in box2D

    - by Rothens
    I've just stepped into the world of Box2D with libgdx. I've already made a stack of boxes: They are dropped randomly ontop of each other. What I'd like to achieve is to make a character, that could freely climb on the boxes, (He can grip on the boxes anywhere, not just on the side/top of a box) but his weight affects the stack as well, so the boxes could fall down. My google-fu failed me... Is there any way to make this possible?

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  • What is the recommended way to output values to FBO targets? (OpenGL 3.3 + GLSL 330)

    - by datSilencer
    I'll begin by apologizing for any dumb assumptions you might find in the code below since I'm still pretty much green when it comes to OpenGL programming. I'm currently trying to implement deferred shading by using FBO's and their associated targets (textures in my case). I have a simple (I think :P) geometry+fragment shader program and I'd like to write its Fragment Shader stage output to three different render targets (previously bound by a call to glDrawBuffers()), like so: #version 330 in vec3 WorldPos0; in vec2 TexCoord0; in vec3 Normal0; in vec3 Tangent0; layout(location = 0) out vec3 WorldPos; layout(location = 1) out vec3 Diffuse; layout(location = 2) out vec3 Normal; uniform sampler2D gColorMap; uniform sampler2D gNormalMap; vec3 CalcBumpedNormal() { vec3 Normal = normalize(Normal0); vec3 Tangent = normalize(Tangent0); Tangent = normalize(Tangent - dot(Tangent, Normal) * Normal); vec3 Bitangent = cross(Tangent, Normal); vec3 BumpMapNormal = texture(gNormalMap, TexCoord0).xyz; BumpMapNormal = 2 * BumpMapNormal - vec3(1.0, 1.0, -1.0); vec3 NewNormal; mat3 TBN = mat3(Tangent, Bitangent, Normal); NewNormal = TBN * BumpMapNormal; NewNormal = normalize(NewNormal); return NewNormal; } void main() { WorldPos = WorldPos0; Diffuse = texture(gColorMap, TexCoord0).xyz; Normal = CalcBumpedNormal(); } If my render target textures are configured as: RT1:(GL_RGB32F, GL_RGB, GL_FLOAT, GL_TEXTURE0, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0) RT2:(GL_RGB32F, GL_RGB, GL_FLOAT, GL_TEXTURE1, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT1) RT3:(GL_RGB32F, GL_RGB, GL_FLOAT, GL_TEXTURE2, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT2) And assuming that each texture has an internal format capable of contaning the incoming data, will the fragment shader write the corresponding values to the expected texture targets? On a related note, do the textures need to be bound to the OpenGL context when they are Multiple Render Targets? From some Googling, I think there are two other ways to output to MRTs: 1: Output each component to gl_FragData[n]. Some forum posts say this method is deprecated. However, looking at the latest OpenGL 3.3 and 4.0 specifications at opengl.org, the core profiles still mention this approach. 2: Use a typed output array variable for the expected type. In this case, I think it would be something like this: out vec3 [3] output; void main() { output[0] = WorldPos0; output[1] = texture(gColorMap, TexCoord0).xyz; output[2] = CalcBumpedNormal(); } So which is then the recommended approach? Is there a recommended approach at all if I plan to code on top of OpenGL 3.3? Thanks for your time and help!

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  • How do I create a big multiplayer world in UDK?

    - by Dorpe
    I want to create a big multiplayer world in UDK and I'm having a few difficulties. I created the biggest terrain possible but then any terrain related action I do takes forever. However, I've seen videos of people make same size terrain and working without a problem. My pc is strong enough, so maybe someone can tell me what I'm doing wrong. I want to make it even bigger then the biggest terrain size, so I was thinking of doing level streaming but then I read that streaming is working server side which means if I have a player on every terrain all terrains will still be loaded and I want to save as much memory possible so it will work well online. Thanks for any help you can give.

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  • Need the co-ordinates of innerPolygon

    - by user960567
    Let say I have this diagram, Given that i have all the co-ordinates of outer polygon and the distance between inner and outer polygon is d is also given. How to calculate the inner polygon co-ordinates? Edit: I was able to solved the issue by getting the mid-points of all lines. From these mid-points I can move d distance, So I can get three points. No I have 3 points and 3 slopes. From this, I can get three new equations. Simultaneously, solving the equation get the 3 points.

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  • Models from 3ds max lose their transformations when input into XNA

    - by jacobian
    I am making models in 3ds max. However when I export them to .fbx format and then input them into XNA, they lose their scaling. -It is most likely something to do with not using the transforms from the model correctly, is the following code correct -using xna 3.0 Matrix[] transforms=new Matrix[playerModel.Meshes.Count]; playerModel.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(transforms); // Draw the model. int count = 0; foreach (ModelMesh mesh in playerModel.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.World = transforms[count]* Matrix.CreateScale(scale) * Matrix.CreateRotationX((float)MathHelper.ToRadians(rx)) * Matrix.CreateRotationY((float)MathHelper.ToRadians(ry)) * Matrix.CreateRotationZ((float)MathHelper.ToRadians(rz))* Matrix.CreateTranslation(position); effect.View = view; effect.Projection = projection; effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); } count++; mesh.Draw(); }

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  • Are these non-standard applications of rendering practical in games?

    - by maul
    I've recently got into 3D and I came up with a few different "tricky" rendering techniques. Unfortunately I don't have the time to work on this myself, but I'd like to know if these are known methods and if they can be used in practice. Hybrid rendering Now I know that ray-tracing is still not fast enough for real-time rendering, at least on home computers. I also know that hybrid rendering (a combination of rasterization and ray-tracing) is a well known theory. However I had the following idea: one could separate a scene into "important" and "not important" objects. First you render the "not important" objects using traditional rasterization. In this pass you also render the "important" objects using a special shader that simply marks these parts on the image using a special color, or some stencil/depth buffer trickery. Then in the second pass you read back the results of the first pass and start ray tracing, but only from the pixels that were marked by the "important" object's shader. This would allow you to only ray-trace exactly what you need to. Could this be fast enough for real-time effects? Rendered physics I'm specifically talking about bullet physics - intersection of a very small object (point/bullet) that travels across a straight line with other, relatively slow-moving, fairly constant objects. More specifically: hit detection. My idea is that you could render the scene from the point of view of the gun (or the bullet). Every object in the scene would draw a different color. You only need to render a 1x1 pixel window - the center of the screen (again, from the gun's point of view). Then you simply check that central pixel and the color tells you what you hit. This is pixel-perfect hit detection based on the graphical representation of objects, which is not common in games. Afaik traditional OpenGL "picking" is a similar method. This could be extended in a few ways: For larger (non-bullet) objects you render a larger portion of the screen. If you put a special-colored plane in the middle of the scene (exactly where the bullet will be after the current frame) you get a method that works as the traditional slow-moving iterative physics test as well. You could simulate objects that the bullet can pass through (with decreased velocity) using alpha blending or some similar trick. So are these techniques in use anywhere, and/or are they practical at all?

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  • infer half vector length in BRDF

    - by cician
    it's my first question on stack. Is it possible to infer length of the half angle vector for specular lighting from N·L and N·V without the whole view and light vectors? I may be completely off-track, but I have this gut feeling it's possible... Why? I'm working on a skin shader and I'm already doing one texture lookup with N·L+N·E and one texture lookup for specular with N·H+N·V. The latter one can be transformed into N·L+N·E lookup if only I had the half vector length. Doing so could simplify the shader a bit and move some operations into the pre-computed lookup texture. It would make a huge difference since I'm trying to squeeze as much functionality as possible to a single pass mobile version so instruction count matters. Thanks.

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  • How to detect collisions between sprite and a user generated shape of some sort?

    - by Huwell
    How to detect a collision between a sprite and a user generated shape of some sort. For example. There are some objects on the screen. The user takes their finger and draws an circle shape around a object (The selection rule is painting circle around the sprite, but the painting shapes may be various). I need to detect which object selected, which just like: (demo images) http://i52.tinypic.com/28h0t1g.png

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