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• Multiplication for MVP matrices: Any benefits to doing so within the vertex shader?

  - by Nick Wiggill

  I'd like to understand under what circumstances (if any) it is worth doing MVP matrix multiplication inside a vertex shader. The vertex shader is run once per vertex, and a single mesh typically contains many vertices. All MVP inputs remain the same for each vertex in the vertex batch relating to a given draw call (model). Surely then, you're always better off keeping the multiplications in the client code, such that you pass in the whole MVP precalculated as a uniform? (avoiding redundant ops between individual vertices)

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• Premultiplying matrices with Perspective destroys them

  - by Shadows In Rain

  If I apply world_to_camera, perspective and camera_to_screen to my mesh, everything is okay. But if I premultiply given matrices (i.e. transform = world_to_camera * perpective * camera_to_screen) before applying, then it seems like only perspective has effect. If it is important... My 3d framework was written from scratch (test project for job interview). But it works flawlessly, or at least I think so. So, question. This is expected behaviour, or my implementation is wrong?

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• How to calculate continuous motion with angular velocity in 2d

  - by Rulk

  I'm really new with physics. Maybe someone would be able to help me to solve the next problem: I need to calculate position of an agent on the plane(2D) in next time step where time step is large(20+ seconds) What I know about agent's motion: Initial Position Direction(normalised vector) Velocity(linear function from time ) - object always moves along it's direction Angular Velocity(linear function from time) Optional: External force direction External force (linear function from time) Running discreet simulation with t-0 is not an option.

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• Is this the most effect simple way to display a moving image? SDL2

  - by user36324

  I've looked around for tutorials on SDL2, but there isnt many so I am curious i was messing around and is this an effective way to move an image. One problem is that it drags along the image to where it moves. #include "SDL.h" #include "SDL_image.h" int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { bool exit = false; SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING); SDL_Window *win = SDL_CreateWindow("Hello World!", 100, 100, 640, 480, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN); SDL_Renderer *ren = SDL_CreateRenderer(win, -1, SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED | SDL_RENDERER_PRESENTVSYNC); SDL_Surface *png = IMG_Load("character.png"); SDL_Rect src; src.x = 0; src.y = 0; src.w = 161; src.h = 159; SDL_Rect dest; dest.x = 50; dest.y = 50; dest.w = 161; dest.h = 159; SDL_Texture *tex = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(ren, png); SDL_FreeSurface(png); while(exit==false){ dest.x++; SDL_RenderClear(ren); SDL_RenderCopy(ren, tex, &src, &dest); SDL_RenderPresent(ren); } SDL_Delay(5000); SDL_DestroyTexture(tex); SDL_DestroyRenderer(ren); SDL_DestroyWindow(win); SDL_Quit(); }

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• Figuring out what object is closer to a certain point?

  - by user1157885

  I'm trying to create fog of war, I have the visual effect created but I'm not sure how to deal with the hiding of other players if they're within the fog of war. So right now the thing I'm trying to do is if another player is hiding behind a wall then not to render that player. I was thinking of doing it by sending a ray in the direction of all the players, and then creating a list of all the obstacles that ray collides with and then trying to figure out if an obstacle was closer than the player in order to predict the distance. But then I realized I'm not really sure how to figure out if the obstacle is infact closer or not because I have to account for all the dimensions, so I'm kind of stuck. First of all is this approach the correct way to go about it and secondly how would I calculate if the obstacle was infact closer taking into account the X Y and Z. Thanks

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• Who should respond to collision: Unit or projectile?

  - by aleguna

  In an RTS if a projectile hits a unit. Who should handle the collision? If projectile handles the collision, it must be aware of all possible types of units, to know what damage to inflict. For example a bullet will likely kill a human, but it will do nothing to a tank. The same goes if unit handles a collision. So either way one of them should be aware of all possible types of the other. Of course the 'true' way would be to do full physics simulation, but that's not an option for an RTS with 1000s of units and projectiles... So what are the common practicies in this regards?

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• Information about rendering, batches, the graphical card, performance etc. + XNA?

  - by Aidiakapi

  I know the title is a bit vague but it's hard to describe what I'm really looking for, but here goes. When it comes to CPU rendering, performance is mostly easy to estimate and straightforward, but when it comes to the GPU due to my lack of technical background information, I'm clueless. I'm using XNA so it'd be nice if theory could be related to that. So what I actually wanna know is, what happens when and where (CPU/GPU) when you do specific draw actions? What is a batch? What influence do effects, projections etc have? Is data persisted on the graphics card or is it transferred over every step? When there's talk about bandwidth, are you talking about a graphics card internal bandwidth, or the pipeline from CPU to GPU? Note: I'm not actually looking for information on how the drawing process happens, that's the GPU's business, I'm interested on all the overhead that precedes that. I'd like to understand what's going on when I do action X, to adapt my architectures and practices to that. Any articles (possibly with code examples), information, links, tutorials that give more insight in how to write better games are very much appreciated. Thanks :)

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• LWJGL in Visual Studio (possible)?

  - by Suds

  I switched from XNA and C# to LWJGL and Java about 14 months ago. Inherently, this called for a switch in IDE. I started using eclipse because I have also done some basic Android development in the past. I soon switched to Netbeans - Eclipse is just too primitive. After using netbeans for about six months, I've started looking over the fence at Visual Studio 11, toying with Metro apps for windows 8. Now I want to know, is there any known way to use Visual Studio for LWJGL?

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• Open Source Analysis

  - by BluFire

  There are a lot of code in open source projects, looking at all of the code is time consuming and can be confusing to a novice like me. Are there any sections of open-source projects that should be focused on? What should I focus on when I look at code? I'm asking this in general because if I ask this specifically, the question will only apply in one or two projects rather than an entire group of projects ranging in different types of games and difficulty.

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• Java chunk negative number problem

  - by user1990950

  I've got a tile based map, which is divided in chunks. I got a method, which puts tiles in this map and with positive numbers it's working. But when using negative numbers it wont work. This is my setTile method: public static void setTile(int x, int y, Tile tile) { int chunkX = x / Chunk.CHUNK_SIZE, chunkY = y / Chunk.CHUNK_SIZE; IntPair intPair = new IntPair(chunkX, chunkY); world.put(intPair, new Chunk(chunkX, chunkY)); world.get(intPair).setTile(x - chunkX * Chunk.CHUNK_SIZE, y - chunkY * Chunk.CHUNK_SIZE, tile); } This is the setTile method in the chunk class (CHUNK_SIZE is a constant with the value 64): public void setTile(int x, int y, Tile t) { if (x >= 0 && x < CHUNK_SIZE && y >= 0 && y < CHUNK_SIZE) tiles[x][y] = t; } What's wrong with my code?

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• How to factorize code in Unreal Kismet (i.e. "Material Function"s for Kismet)

  - by Georges Dupéron

  In the Unreal Development Kit, when using the Material Editor, one can factorize frequently-used groups of nodes by creating a Material Function (content Browser ? right-click ? new matrial function, IIRC). When defining the behaviour of some actor in Kismet, one can easily have a dozen nodes involved. If I have many actors that share the same behaviour, then I'll copy-paste these nodes, and change the variables so they point to the other actors. This leads to inconsistencies (a modification in the behaviour of an actor isn't propagated in the copy-pasted nodes), complexity (you end up with hundreds of nodes), and generally useless effort. My question is : Can I create a "kismet function", just like a material function ? Note: I'd rather avoid using UnrealScript. I don't even know where to type UnrealScripts, don't know where the documentation is and more generally don't have enough time to invest in learning UnrealScript. This "kismet function" feature must be usable by graphists (with little programming knowledge). If a (simple) script suffices to add this feature in the Kismet editor, so that one can create several "functions" without using UnrealScript, then fine, but I don't really want to have to write a script each time I want to factorize a few nodes. Thanks for any information !

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• point to rectangle distance

  - by john smith

  I have a 2D rectangle with x, y position and it's height and width and a randomly positioned point nearby it. Is there a way to check if this point might collide with the rectangle if closer than a certain distance? like imagine an invisible radius outside of that point colliding with said rectangle. I have problems with this simply because it is not a square, it would be so much easier this way! Any help? Thanks in advance.

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• Grpahic hardwares

  - by Vanangamudi

  Which vendor provides better GPGPU. my requirements are confined to rendering utilising the GPU for BSDF building for e.g. Intel started providing Ivy Bridge chipset GPU, which are comparably fast to HD5960 cards. I'm not that against nvidia or amd. but I'm a fan of Intel. how it compares to nvidia in price and performance. if possible may I know, how all of them perform with OpenCL?? I'm not sure if it is right to ask it here. but I don't know where to ask.

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• how does HDR work?

  - by dotminic

  I'm trying to understand what HDR is and how it works. I understand the basic concepts and have an slight idea of how it is implemented with D3D/hlsl. However it's still pretty foggy. Say I'm rendering a sphere with a texture of the earth and a small point list of vertices to act as stars, how would I render this in HDR ? Here are a few things I'm confused about: I'm guessing, I can't use just any basic image format for the texture as the values would be limited to [0, 255] and clamped to [0, 1] in a shader. Same goes for the back buffer, I take it the format needs to be a float point format ? What are the other steps involved ? Surely there has to be more than just using floating point formats to render to a render target and then apply some bloom as a post process ? (considering the output will be 8bpp anyway) Basically, what are the steps for HDR ? How does it work ? I can't seem to find any good papers / articles that describe the process, other than this one, but it seems to skim over the basics a little, so it's confusing.

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• BoundingSpheres move when they should not

  - by NDraskovic

  I have a XNA 4.0 project in which I load a file that contains type and coordinates of items I need to draw to the screen. Also I need to check if one particular type (the only movable one) is passing in front or trough other items. This is the code I use to load the configuration: if (ks.IsKeyDown(Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input.Keys.L)) { this.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); Otvaranje.ShowDialog(); try { using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(Otvaranje.FileName)) { String linija; while ((linija = sr.ReadLine()) != null) { red = linija.Split(','); model = red[0]; x = red[1]; y = red[2]; z = red[3]; elementi.Add(Convert.ToInt32(model)); podatci.Add(new Vector3(Convert.ToSingle(x), Convert.ToSingle(y), Convert.ToSingle(z))); sfere.Add(new BoundingSphere(new Vector3(Convert.ToSingle(x), Convert.ToSingle(y), Convert.ToSingle(z)), 1f)); } } } catch (Exception ex) { Window.Title = ex.ToString(); } } The "Otvaranje" is an OpenFileDialog object, "elementi" is a List (determines the type of item that would be drawn), podatci is a List (determines the location where the items will be drawn) and sfere is a List. Now I solved the picking algorithm (checking for ray and bounding sphere intersection) and it works fine, but the collision detection does not. I noticed, while using picking, that BoundingSphere's move even though the objects that they correspond to do not. The movable object is drawn to the world1 Matrix, and the static objects are drawn into the world2 Matrix (world1 and world2 have the same values, I just separated them so that the static elements would not move when the movable one does). The problem is that when I move the item I want, all boundingSpheres move accordingly. How can I move only the boundingSphere that corresponds to that particular item, and leave the rest where they are?

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• My Sprite comes out the screen

  - by IlNero

  If i an action moves the sprite,how can i keep the CCSprite on the screen???? this is my code: [enemy runAction:[CCSequence actions:[CCMoveBy actionWithDuration:2.0 position:ccp(-winSize.width*0.4, 0)], [CCMoveBy actionWithDuration:randomValueBetween(1.0, 0.3) position:ccp(randomValueBetween(winSize.width*0.2, -winSize.width*0.2), randomValueBetween(winSize.height*0.2, -winSize.height*0.2))], [CCDelayTime actionWithDuration:0.5], [CCMoveBy actionWithDuration:randomValueBetween(1.0, 0.3) position:ccp(randomValueBetween(winSize.width*0.2, -winSize.width*0.2), randomValueBetween(winSize.height*0.2, -winSize.height*0.2))], [CCDelayTime actionWithDuration:0.5], [CCMoveBy actionWithDuration:randomValueBetween(1.0, 0.3) position:ccp(randomValueBetween(winSize.width*0.2, -winSize.width*0.2), randomValueBetween(winSize.height*0.2, -winSize.height*0.2))], [CCDelayTime actionWithDuration:0.5], [CCMoveBy actionWithDuration:randomValueBetween(1.0, 0.3) position:ccp(randomValueBetween(winSize.width*0.2, -winSize.width*0.2), randomValueBetween(winSize.height*0.2, -winSize.height*0.2))], [CCDelayTime actionWithDuration:0.5], [CCMoveBy actionWithDuration:randomValueBetween(1.0, 0.3) position:ccp(randomValueBetween(winSize.width*0.2, -winSize.width*0.2), randomValueBetween(winSize.height*0.2, -winSize.height*0.2))], [CCDelayTime actionWithDuration:0.5], [CCMoveBy actionWithDuration:randomValueBetween(1.0, 0.3) position:ccp(randomValueBetween(-winSize.width*0.3,winSize.width*0.3), randomValueBetween(winSize.height*0.3, -winSize.height*0.3))], [CCDelayTime actionWithDuration:0.5], [CCMoveBy actionWithDuration:randomValueBetween(1.0, 0.3) position:ccp(randomValueBetween(-winSize.width*0.2,winSize.width*0.2), randomValueBetween(winSize.height*0.2, -winSize.height*0.2))], [CCDelayTime actionWithDuration:0.5], [CCMoveBy actionWithDuration:randomValueBetween(1.0, 0.3) position:ccp(randomValueBetween(-winSize.width*0.3,winSize.width*0.3), randomValueBetween(winSize.height*0.3, -winSize.height*0.3))], [CCDelayTime actionWithDuration:0.5], [CCMoveBy actionWithDuration:randomValueBetween(1.0, 0.3) position:ccp(randomValueBetween(-winSize.width*0.2,winSize.width*0.2), randomValueBetween(winSize.height*0.2, -winSize.height*0.2))], [CCDelayTime actionWithDuration:0.5], [CCMoveBy actionWithDuration:randomValueBetween(1.0, 0.3) position:ccp(randomValueBetween(-winSize.width*0.3,winSize.width*0.3), randomValueBetween(winSize.height*0.3, -winSize.height*0.3))], [CCDelayTime actionWithDuration:0.5], [CCMoveBy actionWithDuration:randomValueBetween(1.0, 0.3) position:ccp(randomValueBetween(-winSize.width*0.2,winSize.width*0.2), randomValueBetween(winSize.height*0.2, -winSize.height*0.2))], [CCDelayTime actionWithDuration:0.5], [CCMoveBy actionWithDuration:2.0 position:ccp(-winSize.width*1.5, 0)], [CCCallFuncN actionWithTarget:self selector:@selector(invisNode:)], nil]]; but whit this code the sprite sometimes comes out the screen, i need the sprite moves randomly in the screen without comes out..

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• Getting the front buffer into a gfx mem surface (Dx9)

  - by lapin

  I'm using DirectX 9 to acquire the frontbuffer. There are a couple of ways I know of to get at the front buffer: GetRenderTargetData() GetFrontBufferData() The MSDN page on both of these API calls state that the data is copied from device memory to system memory. I'd like to copy the front buffer surface directly to another graphics memory surface, as I have other manipulations to perform on the acquired surface before returning it to system memory. I'm creating a D3DUSAGE_DYNAMIC texture (gfx mem texture) and calling GetFrontBufferData() to write the front buffer to my textures surface0. Is this valid? Will the operation remain in gfx memory, or will it need to move to system memory and then back to graphics memory? If this is the case, is what I'm trying to achieve possible?

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• How to apply Data Oriented Design with Object Oriented Programming?

  - by Pombal

  Hi. I've read lots of articles about DOD and I understand it but I can't design an Object Oriented system with DOD in mind, I think my OOP education is blocking me. How should I think to mix the two? The objective is to have a nice OO interface while using DOD behind the scenes. I saw this too but didn't help much: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3872354/how-to-apply-dop-and-keep-a-nice-user-interface

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• Questions before I revamp my rendering engine to use shaders (GLSL)

  - by stephelton

  I've written a fairly robust rendering engine using OpenGL ES 1.1 (fixed-function.) I've been looking into revamping the engine to use OpenGL ES 2.0, which necessitates that I use shaders. I've been absorbing information all day long and still have some questions. Firstly, lighting. The fixed-function pipeline is guaranteed to have at least 8 lights available. My current engine finds lights that are "close" to the primitives being drawn and enables them; I don't know how many lights are going to be enabled until I draw a given model. Nothing is dynamically allocated in GLSL, so I have to define in a shader some number of lights to be used, right? So if I want to stick with 8, should I write my general purpose shader to have 8 lights and then use uniforms to tell it how many / which lights to use? Which brings me to another question: should I be concerned with the amount of data I'm allocating in a shader? Recent video cards have hundreds of "stream processors." If I've got a fragment shader being used on some number of fragments in a given triangle, I assume they must each have their own stack to work on. Are read-only variables copied here, or read when needed? My initial goal is to rework my code so that it is virtually identical to the current implementation. What I have in mind is to create my own matrix stack so that I can implement something along the lines of push/popMatrix and apply all my translations, rotations, and scales to this matrix, then provide the matrix to the vertex shader so that it can make very quick vertex translations. Is this approach sound? Edit: My original intention was to ask if there was a tutorial that would explain the bare minimum necessary to jump from fixed-function to using shaders. Thanks!

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• rotate opengl mesh relative to camera

  - by shuall

  I have a cube in opengl. It's position is determined by multiplying it's specific model matrix, the view matrix, and the projection matrix and then passing that to the shader as per this tutorial (http://www.opengl-tutorial.org/beginners-tutorials/tutorial-3-matrices/). I want to rotate it relative to the camera. The only way I can think of getting the correct axis is by multiplying the inverse of the model matrix (because that's where all the previous rotations and tranforms are stored) times the view matrix times the axis of rotation (x or y). I feel like there's got to be a better way to do this like use something other than model, view and projection matrices, or maybe I'm doing something wrong. That's what all the tutorials I've seen use. PS I'm also trying to keep with opengl 4 core stuff. edit: If quaternions would fix my problems, could someone point me to a good tutorial/example for switching from 4x4 matrices to quaternions. I'm a little daunted by the task.

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• How to offset particles from point of origin

  - by Sun

  Hi I'm having troubles off setting particles from a point of origin. I want my particles to spread out after a certain radius from a the point of origin. For example, this is what I have right now: All particles emitted from a point of origin. What I want is this: Particles are offset from the point of origin by some amount, i.e after the circle. What is the best way to achieve this? At the moment, I have the point of origin, the position of each particle and its rotation angle. Sorry for the poor illustrations. Edit: I was mistaken, when a particle is created, I have only the point of origin. When the particle is created I am able to calculate the rotation of the particle in the update method after it has moved to a new location using atan2() method. This is how I create/manage particles: Created new particle at enemy ship death location, for every new particle which is added to the list, call Update and Draw to update its position, calculate new angle and draw it.

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• port opengl2.x to opengl 3.x

  - by user46759

  I'm trying to port opencloth example to OpenGL 3.x. I've mostly done it to the shaders but I'm not sure of this part : glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboID); glVertexPointer(4, GL_FLOAT, 0,0); glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboTexID); glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_FLOAT,0, 0); glEnableClientState(GL_NORMAL_ARRAY); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboNormID); glNormalPointer(GL_FLOAT,sizeof(float)*4, 0); maybe glEnableVertexAttriArray somewhere ? any clue ? thanx edit : maybe something like that ? glEnableVertexAttribArray (2) ; // Ou glEnableVertexAttribArray (positionIndex) ; glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboTexID); glVertexAttribPointer (2, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0) ; glEnableVertexAttribArray (3) ; // Ou glEnableVertexAttribArray (positionIndex) ; glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboNormID); glVertexAttribPointer (3, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof (float) * 4, 0) ;

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• Drawing a texture line between two vectors in XNA WP7

  - by Krav

  I want to create a simple graph maker in WP7. The goal is to draw a texture line between two vectors what the user defines with touch. I already made the rotation, and it is working, but not correctly, because it doesn't calculate the line's texture height, and because of that, there are too many overlapping textures. So it does draw the line, but too many of them. How could I calculate it correctly? Here is the code: public void DrawLine(Vector2 st,Vector2 dest,NodeUnit EdgeParent,NodeUnit EdgeChild) { float d = Vector2.Distance(st, dest); float rotate = (float)(Math.Atan2(st.Y - dest.Y, st.X - dest.X)); direction = new Vector2(((dest.X - st.X) / (float)d), (dest.Y - st.Y) / (float)d); Vector2 _pos = st; World.TheHive.Add(new LineHiveMind(linetexture, _pos, rotate, EdgeParent, EdgeChild,new List<LineUnit>())); for (int i = 0; i < d; i++) { World.TheHive.Last()._lines.Add(new LineUnit(linetexture, _pos, rotate, EdgeParent, EdgeChild)); _pos += direction; } } d is for the Distance of the st (Starting node) and dest (Destination node) rotate is for rotation direction calculates the direction between the starting and the destination node _pos is for starting position changing Thanks for any suggestions/help!

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• Low CPU/Memory/Memory-bandwith Pathfinding (maybe like in Warcraft 1)

  - by Valmond

  Dijkstra and A* are all nice and popular but what kind of algorithm was used in Warcraft 1 for pathfinding? I remember that the enemy could get trapped in bowl-like caverns which means there were (most probably) no full-path calculations from "start to end". If I recall correctly, the algorithm could be something like this: A) Move towards enemy until success or hitting a wall B) If blocked by a wall, follow the wall until you can move towards the enemy without being blocked and then do A) But I'd like to know, if someone knows :-) [edit] As explained to Byte56, I'm searching for a low cpu/mem/mem-bandwidth algo and wanted to know if Warcraft had some special secrets to deliver (never seen that kind of pathfinding elsewhere), I hope that that is more concordant with the stackexchange rules.

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• Transparent parts of texture are opaque black instead

  - by Aaron

  I render a sprite twice, one on top of the other. The sprites have transparent parts, so I should be able to see the bottom sprite under the top sprite. The transparent parts are black (the clear colour) and opaque instead though and the topmost sprite blocks the bottom sprite. My fragment shader is trivial: uniform sampler2D texture; varying vec2 f_texcoord; void main() { gl_FragColor = texture2D(texture, f_texcoord); } I have glEnable(GL_BLEND) and glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA) in my initialization code. My texture comes from a PNG file that I load with libpng. I'm sure to use GL_RGBA when initializing the texture with glTexImage2D (otherwise the sprites look like noise).

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