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  • How do I convert tuple of tuples to list in one line (pythonic)?

    - by ThinkCode
    query = 'select mydata from mytable' cursor.execute(query) myoutput = cursor.fetchall() print myoutput (('aa',), ('bb',), ('cc',)) Why is it (cursor.fetchall) returning a tuple of tuples instead of a tuple since my query is asking for only one column of data? What is the best way of converting it to ['aa', 'bb', 'cc'] ? I can do something like this : mylist = [] myoutput = list(myoutput) for each in myoutput: mylist.append(each[0]) I am sure this isn't the best way of doing it. Please enlighten me!

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  • Piping a bash variable into awk and storing the output

    - by Andrew Smith
    Hello, To illustrate my problem, TEST="Hi my name is John" OUTP=`echo $TEST | awk '{print $3}'` echo $OUTP What I would expect this to do is pass the $TEST variable into awk and store the 3rd word into $OUTP. Instead I get "Hi: not found", as if it is expecting the input to be a file. If I pass just a string instead of a variable, however, there is no problem. What would be the best way to approach this? Thanks all!

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  • How to define and use Python generators appropriately

    - by Morlock
    I want to define a generator from a list that will output the elements one at a time, then use this generator object in an appropriate manner. a = ["Hello", "world", "!"] b = (x for x in a) c = next(b, None) while c != None: print c, c = next(b, None) Is there anything wrong or improvable with the while approach here? Is there a way to avoid having to assign 'c' before the loop? Thanks!

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  • One Line 'If' or 'For'...

    - by aTory
    Every so often on here I see someone's code and what looks to be a 'one-liner', that being a one line statement that performs in the standard way a traditional 'if' statement or 'for' loop works. I've googled around and can't really find what kind of ones you can perform? Can anyone advise and preferably give some examples? For example, could I do this in one line: example = "example" if "exam" in example: print "yes!" Or: for a in someList: list.append(splitColon.split(a))

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  • NHibernate - Stream large result sets?

    - by Dan Black
    Hi, I have to read in a large record set, process it, then write it out to a flat file. The large result set comes from a Stored Proc in SQL 2000. I currently have: var results = session.CreateSQLQuery("exec usp_SalesExtract").List(); I would like to be able to read the result set row by row, to reduce the memory foot print Thanks

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  • Entry lvl. COBOL Control Breaks

    - by Kyle Benzle
    I'm working in COBOL with a double control break to print a hospital record. The input is one record per line, with, hospital info first, then patient info. There are multiple records per hospital, and multiple services per patient. The idea is, using a double control break, to print one hospital name, then all the patients from that hospital. Then print the patient name just once for all services, like the below. I'm having trouble with my output, and am hoping someone can help me get it in order. I am using AccuCobol to compile experts-exchange does not allow .cob and .dat so the extentions were changed to .txt The files are: the .cob lab5b.cob the input / output: lab5bin.dat, lab5bout.dat The assignment: http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~sgomori/314/lab5.html Hospital Number: 001 Hospital Name: Mount Carmel 00001 Griese, Brian Ear Infection 08/24/1999 300.00 Diaper Rash 09/05/1999 25.00 Frontal Labotomy 09/25/1999 25,000.00 Rear Labotomy 09/26/1999 25,000.00 Central Labotomy 09/28/1999 24,999.99 The total amount owed for this patient is: $.......... (End of Hospital) The total amount owed for this hospital is: $......... enter code here IDENTIFICATION DIVISION. PROGRAM-ID. LAB5B. ENVIRONMENT DIVISION. INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION. FILE-CONTROL. SELECT FILE-IN ASSIGN TO 'lab5bin.dat' ORGANIZATION IS LINE SEQUENTIAL. SELECT FILE-OUT ASSIGN TO 'lab5bout.dat' ORGANIZATION IS LINE SEQUENTIAL. DATA DIVISION. FILE SECTION. FD FILE-IN. 01 HOSPITAL-RECORD-IN. 05 HOSPITAL-NUMBER-IN PIC 999. 05 HOSPITAL-NAME-IN PIC X(20). 05 PATIENT-NUMBER-IN PIC 99999. 05 PATIENT-NAME-IN PIC X(20). 05 SERVICE-IN PIC X(30). 05 DATE-IN PIC 9(8). 05 OWED-IN PIC 9(7)V99. FD FILE-OUT. 01 REPORT-REC-OUT PIC X(100). WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. 01 WS-WORK-AREAS. 05 WS-HOLD-HOSPITAL-NUM PIC 999 VALUE ZEROS. 05 WS-HOLD-PATIENT-NUM PIC 99999 VALUE ZEROS. 05 ARE-THERE-MORE-RECORDS PIC XXX VALUE 'YES'. 88 MORE-RECORDS VALUE 'YES'. 88 NO-MORE-RECORDS VALUE 'NO '. 05 FIRST-RECORD PIC XXX VALUE 'YES'. 05 WS-PATIENT-TOTAL PIC 9(9)V99 VALUE ZEROS. 05 WS-HOSPITAL-TOTAL PIC 9(9)V99 VALUE ZEROS. 05 WS-PAGE-CTR PIC 99 VALUE ZEROS. 01 WS-DATE. 05 WS-YR PIC 9999. 05 WS-MO PIC 99. 05 WS-DAY PIC 99. 01 HL-HEADING1. 05 PIC X(49) VALUE SPACES. 05 PIC X(14) VALUE 'OHIO INSURANCE'. 05 PIC X(7) VALUE SPACES. 05 HL-PAGE PIC Z9. 05 PIC X(14) VALUE SPACES. 05 HL-DATE. 10 HL-MO PIC 99. 10 PIC X VALUE '/'. 10 HL-DAY PIC 99. 10 PIC X VALUE '/'. 10 HL-YR PIC X VALUE '/'. 01 HL-HEADING2. 05 PIC XXXXXXXXXX VALUE 'HOSPITAL: '. 05 HL-HOSPITAL PIC 999. 01 HL-HEADING3. 05 PIC X(7) VALUE "Patient". 05 PIC X(3) VALUE SPACES. 05 PIC X(7) VALUE "Patient". 05 PIC X(39) VALUE SPACES. 05 PIC X(7) VALUE "Date of". 05 PIC X(3) VALUE SPACES. 05 PIC X(6) VALUE "Amount". 01 HL-HEADING4. 05 PIC X(6) VALUE "Number". 05 PIC X(4) VALUE SPACES. 05 PIC X(4) VALUE "Name". 05 PIC X(18) VALUE SPACES. 05 PIC X(10) VALUE "Service". 05 PIC X(14) VALUE SPACES. 05 PIC X(8) VALUE "Service". 05 PIC X(2) VALUE SPACES. 05 PIC X(5) VALUE "Owed". 01 DL-PATIENT-LINE. 05 PIC X(28) VALUE SPACES. 05 DL-PATIENT-NUMBER PIC XXXXX. 05 PIC X(21) VALUE SPACES. 05 DL-PATIENT-TOTAL PIC $$$,$$$,$$9.99. 01 DL-HOSPITAL-LINE. 05 PIC X(47) VALUE SPACES. 05 PIC X(16) VALUE 'HOSPITAL TOTAL: '. 05 DL-HOSPITAL-TOTAL PIC $$$,$$$,$$9.99. PROCEDURE DIVISION. 100-MAIN-MODULE. PERFORM 600-INITIALIZATION-RTN PERFORM UNTIL NO-MORE-RECORDS READ FILE-IN AT END MOVE 'NO ' TO ARE-THERE-MORE-RECORDS NOT AT END PERFORM 200-DETAIL-RTN END-READ END-PERFORM PERFORM 400-HOSPITAL-BREAK PERFORM 700-END-OF-JOB-RTN STOP RUN. 200-DETAIL-RTN. EVALUATE TRUE WHEN FIRST-RECORD = 'YES' MOVE PATIENT-NUMBER-IN TO WS-HOLD-PATIENT-NUM MOVE HOSPITAL-NUMBER-IN TO WS-HOLD-HOSPITAL-NUM PERFORM 500-HEADING-RTN MOVE 'NO ' TO FIRST-RECORD WHEN HOSPITAL-NUMBER-IN NOT = WS-HOLD-HOSPITAL-NUM PERFORM 400-HOSPITAL-BREAK WHEN PATIENT-NUMBER-IN NOT = WS-HOLD-PATIENT-NUM PERFORM 300-PATIENT-BREAK END-EVALUATE ADD OWED-IN TO WS-PATIENT-TOTAL. 300-PATIENT-BREAK. MOVE WS-PATIENT-TOTAL TO DL-PATIENT-TOTAL MOVE WS-HOLD-PATIENT-NUM TO DL-PATIENT-NUMBER WRITE REPORT-REC-OUT FROM DL-PATIENT-LINE AFTER ADVANCING 2 LINES ADD WS-PATIENT-TOTAL TO WS-HOSPITAL-TOTAL IF MORE-RECORDS MOVE ZEROS TO WS-PATIENT-TOTAL MOVE PATIENT-NUMBER-IN TO WS-HOLD-PATIENT-NUM END-IF. 400-HOSPITAL-BREAK. PERFORM 300-PATIENT-BREAK MOVE WS-HOSPITAL-TOTAL TO DL-HOSPITAL-TOTAL WRITE REPORT-REC-OUT FROM DL-HOSPITAL-LINE AFTER ADVANCING 2 LINES IF MORE-RECORDS MOVE ZEROS TO WS-HOSPITAL-TOTAL MOVE HOSPITAL-NUMBER-IN TO WS-HOLD-HOSPITAL-NUM PERFORM 500-HEADING-RTN END-IF. 500-HEADING-RTN. ADD 1 TO WS-PAGE-CTR MOVE WS-PAGE-CTR TO HL-PAGE MOVE WS-HOLD-HOSPITAL-NUM TO HL-HOSPITAL WRITE REPORT-REC-OUT FROM HL-HEADING1 AFTER ADVANCING PAGE WRITE REPORT-REC-OUT FROM HL-HEADING2 AFTER ADVANCING 2 LINES. WRITE REPORT-REC-OUT FROM HL-HEADING3 AFTER ADVANCING 2 LINES. 600-INITIALIZATION-RTN. OPEN INPUT FILE-IN OUTPUT FILE-OUT *159 ACCEPT WS-DATE FROM DATE YYYYMMDD MOVE WS-YR TO HL-YR MOVE WS-MO TO HL-MO MOVE WS-DAY TO HL-DAY. 700-END-OF-JOB-RTN. CLOSE FILE-IN FILE-OUT.

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  • python regular expression for domain names

    - by user230911
    I am trying use the following regression to extract domain name from a text, but it just produce nothing, what's wrong with it? I don't know if this is suitable to ask this "fix code" question, maybe I should read more. I just want to save some time. Thanks pat_url = re.compile(r''' (?:https?://)* (?:[\w]+[\-\w]+[.])* (?P<domain>[\w\-]*[\w.](com|net)([.](cn|jp|us))*[/]*) ''') print re.findall(pat_url,"http://www.google.com/abcde") I want the output to be google.com

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  • PHP to Mesh 2 PDF'S Together or not?

    - by Justin
    I have an already pre-designed PDF, and I would like to fill the PDF with some database information. So I'm curious if I should save the PDF into JPG's and render them out with the data on top of the image and re-create a PDF. Or is there a way to use the PDF already, and print data into the PDF that is already made? I am trying to figure out the best solution to generating this type of PDF. All thoughts would be greatly appreciated!

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  • Java Swing Threading with Updatable JProgressBar

    - by Anthony Sparks
    First off I've been working with Java's Concurency package quite a bit lately but I have found an issue that I am stuck on. I want to have and Application and the Application can have a SplashScreen with a status bar and the loading of other data. So I decided to use SwingUtilities.invokeAndWait( call the splash component here ). The SplashScreen then appears with a JProgressBar and runs a group of threads. But I can't seem to get a good handle on things. I've looked over SwingWorker and tried using it for this purpose but the thread just returns. Here is a bit of sudo-code. and the points I'm trying to achieve. Have an Application that has a SplashScreen that pauses while loading info Be able to run multiple threads under the SplashScreen Have the progress bar of the SplashScreen Update-able yet not exit until all threads are done. Launching splash screen try { SwingUtilities.invokeAndWait( SplashScreen ); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { } Splash screen construction SplashScreen extends JFrame implements Runnable{ public void run() { //run threads //while updating status bar } } I have tried many things including SwingWorkers, Threads using CountDownLatch's, and others. The CountDownLatch's actually worked in the manner I wanted to do the processing but I was unable to update the GUI. When using the SwingWorkers either the invokeAndWait was basically nullified (which is their purpose) or it wouldn't update the GUI still even when using a PropertyChangedListener. If someone else has a couple ideas it would be great to hear them. Thanks in advance.

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  • Python pixel manipulation library

    - by silinter
    So I'm going through the beginning stages of producing a game in Python, and I'm looking for a library that is able to manipulate pixels and blit them relatively fast. My first thought was pygame, as it deals in pure 2D surfaces, but it only allows pixel access through pygame.get_at(), pygame.set_at() and pygame.get_buffer(), all of which lock the surface each time they're called, making them slow to use. I can also use the PixelArray and surfarray classes, but they are locked for the duration of their lifetimes, and the only way to blit them to a surface is to either copy the pixels to a new surface, or use surfarray.blit_array, which requires creating a subsurface of the screen and blitting it to that, if the array is smaller than the screen (if it's bigger I can just use a slice of the array, which is no problem). I don't have much experience with PyOpenGL or Pyglet, but I'm wondering if there is a faster library for doing pixel manipulation in, or if there is a faster method, in Pygame, for doing pixel manupilation. I did some work with SDL and OpenGL in C, and I do like the idea of adding vertex/fragment shaders to my program. My program will chiefly be dealing in loading images and writing/reading to/from surfaces.

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  • How do I append to the end of the comments array in WordPress?

    - by thinkswan
    I'm trying to include something at the end of the comments array for a WordPress plugin. I currently have add_filter('comments_array', 'my_function'), where my_function($comments='') is something along the lines of: my_function($comments='') { echo 'something'; return $comments; } I obviously can't return the comments first, and echoing them doesn't work because $comments is a multi-dimensional array. Is there some way I can print the WordPress comments and then append something to them? Thanks.

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  • opengl color quadrangle

    - by Tyzak
    hello i try out opengl. i have a programm that creates a black border an white corner (quadrangle). now i want to make the corner of the quadrangle in an different color. i don't know where exactly to write the code, and i don't know much a but color4f, i searcherd on google, but didn't get it. (is there a good description somewhere?) #include <iostream> #include <GL/freeglut.h> void Init() { glColor4f(100,0,0,0); } void RenderScene() //Zeichenfunktion { glLoadIdentity (); glBegin( GL_POLYGON ); glVertex3f( -0.5, -0.5, -0.5 ); glVertex3f( 0.5, -0.5, -0.5 ); glVertex3f( 0.5, 0.5, -0.5 ); glVertex3f( -0.5, 0.5, -0.5 ); glEnd(); glFlush(); } void Reshape(int width,int height) { } void Animate (int value) { std::cout << "value=" << value << std::endl; glutPostRedisplay(); glutTimerFunc(100, Animate, ++value); } int main(int argc, char **argv) { glutInit( &argc, argv ); // GLUT initialisieren glutInitDisplayMode( GLUT_RGB ); // Fenster-Konfiguration glutInitWindowSize( 600, 600 ); glutCreateWindow( "inkrement screen; visual screen" ); // Fenster-Erzeugung glutDisplayFunc( RenderScene ); // Zeichenfunktion bekannt machen glutReshapeFunc( Reshape ); glutTimerFunc( 10, Animate, 0); Init(); glutMainLoop(); return 0; }

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  • How to create the new QTextDocument from existing widgets???

    - by Tom
    Hi, I'm absolutely confused with how to create the customized QTextDocument. I have the widget QWidget, which consists of some QLabels, QTableWidgets and QWidgets and I want to print it . I decided to create the new QTextDocument and insert in it all the defined widgets. I have already tried QTextCursor-insertBlock and insertText but my problem is how to define QTextBlockFormat or QTextCharFormat and say it, what is its "content", how to insert the widget in it. Can anyone help please? tom

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  • Sum of every N lines ; awk

    - by Sharat Chandra
    I have a file containing data in a single column .. I have to find the sum of every 4 lines and print the sum That is, I have to compute sum of values from 0-3rd line sum of line 4 to 7,sum of lines 8 to 11 and so on .....

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  • Getting content of the node which has childs via DOMDocument

    - by altern
    I have following html: <html ><body >Body text <div >div content</div></body></html> How could I get content of body without nested <div>? I need to get 'Body text', but do not have a clue how to do this. result of running $domhtml = DOMDocument::loadHTML($html); print $domhtml->getElementsByTagName('body')->item(0)->nodeValue; is 'Body textdiv content', which is not exactly what I want to get

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  • INNER JOIN code calculated value with SELECT statement

    - by sp-1986
    I have the following stored procedure which will generate mon to sun and then creates a temp table with a series of 'weeks' (start and end weeks) : USE [test_staff] GO /****** Object: StoredProcedure [dbo].[sp_timesheets_all_staff_by_week_by_job_grouping_by_site] Script Date: 03/21/2012 09:04:49 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[sp_timesheets_all_staff_by_week_by_job_grouping_by_site] ( @grouping_ref int, @week_ref int ) AS CREATE TABLE #WeeklyList ( Start_Week date, End_Week date, week_ref int --month_name date ) DECLARE @REPORT_DATE DATETIME, @WEEK_BEGINING VARCHAR(10) SELECT @REPORT_DATE = '2011-01-19T00:00:00' --SELECT @REPORT_DATE = GETDATE() -- should grab the date now. SELECT @WEEK_BEGINING = 'MONDAY' IF @WEEK_BEGINING = 'MONDAY' SET DATEFIRST 1 ELSE IF @WEEK_BEGINING = 'TUESDAY' SET DATEFIRST 2 ELSE IF @WEEK_BEGINING = 'WEDNESDAY' SET DATEFIRST 3 ELSE IF @WEEK_BEGINING = 'THURSDAY' SET DATEFIRST 4 ELSE IF @WEEK_BEGINING = 'FRIDAY' SET DATEFIRST 5 ELSE IF @WEEK_BEGINING = 'SATURDAY' SET DATEFIRST 6 ELSE IF @WEEK_BEGINING = 'SUNDAY' SET DATEFIRST 7 DECLARE @WEEK_START_DATE DATETIME, @WEEK_END_DATE DATETIME --GET THE WEEK START DATE SELECT @WEEK_START_DATE = @REPORT_DATE - (DATEPART(DW, @REPORT_DATE) - 1) --GET THE WEEK END DATE SELECT @WEEK_END_DATE = @REPORT_DATE + (7 - DATEPART(DW, @REPORT_DATE)) PRINT 'Week Start: ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR, @WEEK_START_DATE) PRINT 'Week End: ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR, @WEEK_END_DATE) DECLARE @Interval int = datediff(WEEK,getdate(),@WEEK_START_DATE)+1 --SELECT Start_Week=@WEEK_START_DATE --, End_Week=@WEEK_END_DATE --INTO #WeekList INSERT INTO #WeeklyList SELECT Start_Week=@WEEK_START_DATE, End_Week=@WEEK_END_DATE WHILE @Interval <= 0 BEGIN set @WEEK_START_DATE=DATEADD(WEEK,1,@WEEK_START_DATE) set @WEEK_END_DATE=DATEADD(WEEK,1,@WEEK_END_DATE) INSERT INTO #WeeklyList values (@WEEK_START_DATE,@WEEK_END_DATE) SET @Interval += 1; END SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(11), Start_Week, 106) AS 'month_name', CONVERT(VARCHAR(11), End_Week, 106) AS 'End', DATEDIFF(DAY, 0, Start_Week) / 7 AS week_ref -- create the unique week reference number --'VIEW' AS month_name FROM #WeeklyList In this section i am creating the week_ref DATEDIFF(DAY, 0, Start_Week) / 7 AS week_ref -- create the unique week reference number I then need to combine it with this select code: DECLARE @YearString char(3) = CONVERT(char(3), SUBSTRING(CONVERT(char(5), @week_ref), 1, 3)) DECLARE @MonthString char(2) = CONVERT(char(2), SUBSTRING(CONVERT(char(5), @week_ref), 4, 2)) --Convert: DECLARE @Year int = CONVERT(int, @YearString) + 1200 DECLARE @Month int = CONVERT(int, @MonthString) **--THIS FILTERS THE REPORT** SELECT ts.staff_member_ref, sm.common_name, sm.department_name, DATENAME(MONTH, ts.start_dtm) + ' ' + DATENAME(YEAR, ts.start_dtm) AS month_name, ts.timesheet_cat_ref, cat.desc_long AS timesheet_cat_desc, grps.grouping_ref, grps.description AS grouping_desc, ts.task_ref, tsks.task_code, tsks.description AS task_desc, ts.site_ref, sits.description AS site_desc, ts.site_ref AS Expr1, CASE WHEN ts .status = 0 THEN 'Pending' WHEN ts .status = 1 THEN 'Booked' WHEN ts .status = 2 THEN 'Approved' ELSE 'Invalid Status' END AS site_status, ts.booked_time AS booked_time_sum, start_dtm, CONVERT(varchar(20), start_dtm, 108) + ' ' + CONVERT(varchar(20), start_dtm, 103) AS start_dtm_text, booked_time, end_dtm, CONVERT(varchar(20), end_dtm, 108) + ' ' + CONVERT(varchar(20), end_dtm, 103) AS end_dtm_text FROM timesheets AS ts INNER JOIN timesheet_categories AS cat ON ts.timesheet_cat_ref = cat.timesheet_cat_ref INNER JOIN timesheet_tasks AS tsks ON ts.task_ref = tsks.task_ref INNER JOIN timesheet_task_groupings AS grps ON tsks.grouping_ref = grps.grouping_ref INNER JOIN timesheet_sites AS sits ON ts.site_ref = sits.site_ref INNER JOIN vw_staff_members AS sm ON ts.staff_member_ref = sm.staff_member_ref WHERE (ts.status IN (1, 2)) AND (cat.is_leave_category = 0) GROUP BY ts.staff_member_ref, sm.common_name, sm.department_name, DATENAME(MONTH, ts.start_dtm), DATENAME(YEAR, ts.start_dtm), ts.timesheet_cat_ref, cat.desc_long, grps.grouping_ref, grps.description, ts.status, ts.booked_time, ts.task_ref, tsks.task_code, tsks.description, ts.site_ref, sits.description, ts.start_dtm, ts.end_dtm ORDER BY sm.common_name, timesheet_cat_desc, tsks.task_code, site_desc DROP TABLE #WeeklyList GO I want to pass the week_ref into the SELECT statement (refer to comment - THIS FILTERS THE REPORT) but the problem is week_ref isnt a valid column as its derived by code. Any ideas?

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  • Sample code for image upload

    - by Michael
    Hi, In would like to write a simple Android application that takes a picture from the camera and uploads it to a webserver. Additionaly, I would like it to print in the screen the response from the server wich is a simple text string. Do you know if there is any sample code that does something like that? Thank you, Michael

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  • How to output binary data to a socket with Ruby

    - by Earlz
    Hello I have a very simple HTTP ruby server. I want it to simply server a PNG image. So I sent headers like image/png but I think that Ruby is converting the image data to a string first. Here is my relevant code webserver = TCPServer.new('127.0.0.1', 20001) while (session = webserver.accept) #.... file = File.open("tmp_testserve.png", "rb") contents = file.read file.close session.print @content session.close #.... Is this what is happening?

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  • How to transform multiple line into one line in bash stdout ?

    - by Samantha
    Hello, I sometimes do this in my shell : sam@sam-laptop:~/shell$ ps aux | grep firefox | awk '{print $2}' 2681 2685 2689 4645 $ kill -9 2681 2685 2689 4645 Is there a way I can transform the multiple lines containing the PIDs into one line separated by spaces ? (It's a little bit annoying to type the PIDs every time and I really would like to learn :) ) Thanks a lot.

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  • List of Django model instance foreign keys losing consistency during state changes.

    - by Joshua
    I have model, Match, with two foreign keys: class Match(model.Model): winner = models.ForeignKey(Player) loser = models.ForeignKey(Player) When I loop over Match I find that each model instance uses a unique object for the foreign key. This ends up biting me because it introduces inconsistency, here is an example: >>> def print_elo(match_list): ... for match in match_list: ... print match.winner.id, match.winner.elo ... print match.loser.id, match.loser.elo ... >>> print_elo(teacher_match_list) 4 1192.0000000000 2 1192.0000000000 5 1208.0000000000 2 1192.0000000000 5 1208.0000000000 4 1192.0000000000 >>> teacher_match_list[0].winner.elo = 3000 >>> print_elo(teacher_match_list) 4 3000 # Object 4 2 1192.0000000000 5 1208.0000000000 2 1192.0000000000 5 1208.0000000000 4 1192.0000000000 # Object 4 >>> I solved this problem like so: def unify_refrences(match_list): """Makes each unique refrence to a model instance non-unique. In cases where multiple model instances are being used django creates a new object for each model instance, even if it that means creating the same instance twice. If one of these objects has its state changed any other object refrencing the same model instance will not be updated. This method ensure that state changes are seen. It makes sure that variables which hold objects pointing to the same model all hold the same object. Visually this means that a list of [var1, var2] whose internals look like so: var1 --> object1 --> model1 var2 --> object2 --> model1 Will result in the internals being changed so that: var1 --> object1 --> model1 var2 ------^ """ match_dict = {} for match in match_list: try: match.winner = match_dict[match.winner.id] except KeyError: match_dict[match.winner.id] = match.winner try: match.loser = match_dict[match.loser.id] except KeyError: match_dict[match.loser.id] = match.loser My question: Is there a way to solve the problem more elegantly through the use of QuerySets without needing to call save at any point? If not, I'd like to make the solution more generic: how can you get a list of the foreign keys on a model instance or do you have a better generic solution to my problem? Please correct me if you think I don't understand why this is happening.

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