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• Dedicated virtual setup is slow with WordPress

  - by kovshenin

  Hey. I'm running a Fedora linux server on the Amazon EC2 platform. I'm pretty sure there's something wrong with my configuration as it seems to be very slow. SSH sometimes takes over 30 seconds to connect, a WordPress generated web page could take 5 seconds to load, and it could take 20 seconds to load, which is pretty awkward. MySQL queries are all executed in less than a second, so I don't think that's the case. I'm not really sure where the issue lies, but a simple page written in PHP loads instantly. A fresh WordPress installation starts lagging. Same works perfect on grid hosting at MediaTemple for instance, so I'm pretty sure I missed something. If you could please direct me to the right tools and articles which would help me out. Thanks so much! Fedora Core 8, php 5.2.6, MySQL 5.0.45, OpenSSH 4.7p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8b. PHP is configured as a module to Apache 2.2.9, all websites based on virtual hosts. I have some on-going php scripts running from time to time in the background via cron. Thanks.

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• EC2: is an instance's public DNS stable? Can I rely on it not changing?

  - by Aseem Kishore

  I'm new to Amazon EC2. I've launched my first instance, and am using it as a web server. I see that it has a public DNS (a public URL), e.g.: ec2-123-45-6-789.compute-1.amazonaws.com I can successfully go to this server in my browser, hit it via cURL, etc. I want to use this web server for a back-end service in an app I'm building, so I placed this URL in my app's config, and it works great. But when I manually stop and re-started my instance, I see that the public DNS changes! I've read that this happens when you explicitly stop and re-start, but doesn't happen if you just "reboot". I don't plan on explicitly stopping and re-starting this server ever, but my question is: will this public DNS ever change on its own for any reason? E.g. if the machine abnormally crashes, or whatever. In other words, is it safe to ship an app that's wired to this URL? Thanks!

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• CloudFront for dynamic content CDN

  - by Elad Lachmi

  I would like to use CF as a CDN for my entire site, including static and dynamic content. I have been using CF for static content for a while and I am very happy with the results. I am now doing POC of putting the web server completely behind CF. For the dynamic content I created a new distribution and set the origin to be my web server. Right now I'm looking to test the solution, so I have the web server on the original domain and the CF distribution on the amazon domain. This works with the exception of HTTPS urls and POST requests. For HTTPS requests, I see the requests are forwarded to the original site domain for now, but how will CF handle them when I move the distribution to the www cname? What configuration changes should I make so that CF forwards HTTPS requests to the origin? For POST requests, I want the post to be made to the origin server. Can I set this up in CF? Finally, the site has membership. Can I configure CF to pull all content from the origin if the user is logged in? Sorry for the long question. I'm a little lost and documentation for dynamic CF is still kind of scarce. Thank you!

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• Most cost efficient way to backup Subversion data to S3?

  - by sludge

  I'm looking at using S3 as an offsite backup repo for my Subversion database. When I dump my SVN database, it's about 10 gigabytes. I would like to avoid the charge of uploading that data repeatedly. The anatomy of this large file such that new changes to Subversion modify the tail of the file, with everything else staying the same. Because Amazon S3 does not allow you to "patch" files with changes, I will have to upload ten gigs every time I instantiate a backup after doing a simple submit to Subversion. Here are the options as I see them: Option 1 I am looking at duplicity which has --volsize which splits data over an amount of megs. Is it possible to split the Subversion dumps using this so further incremental backups are measured in megabytes? Option 2 Can I just backup the hot subversion repository? This seems like a bad idea if it is in the middle of writing a submit. However, I have the option of taking the repo offline between the hours of midnight and 4am. Each revision in my Berkeley DB uses a file as its record.

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• Using NFS for scalable PHP/MySQL web application

  - by Jeroen Moons

  Here's the situation: I have a PHP/MySQL web application that accepts user uploads (pdf files). From these pdf files' pages a preview image is made on the fly and presented to the web app's users. Some pdfs might be on the large side, most will be under 50 MB but some extreme cases could be as large as a few hundred MB. A little waiting for the preview image for large pdf files is acceptable but no more than a minute let's say. Everything is running on one server for now, but soon the app will hit the server's limit on both storage and processing power. My idea to solve the problem: To deal with this situation I had the idea of having one or more pdf processing servers as needed, and one or more file storage servers. These two types of servers are mounted to the server on which the actual app runs using NFS. The app could then use GearMan to delegate pdf processing tasks to these processing servers. The processing server can mount the storage server and read the file stored there, process it and write its output to that server. The servers I'm talking about will be amazon ec2 instances. The web app returns a link to the resulting pdf preview image on the storage server that was used which can then be used on the front end to show the image to the user. My question: I have zero experience with apps that use multiple servers, is this idea viable or is there a better way to do it? Is an NFS setup fast and reliable enough for this situation?

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• EC2 configuration for medium load service on Django

  - by Luberg

  I have created a very basic Django application which puts an email to the database (Coming soon page for a startup). I launched a t1.micro instance to try out which load it can carry out. Nginx+FastCGI from Django+sqllite/postgres - tried both. blitz.io test gave me a pretty unhappy result (just 100 users within 1 minute): This rush generated 542 successful hits in 1.0 min and we transferred 809.01 KB of data in and out of your app. The average hit rate of 8.81/second translates to about 761,612 hits/day. You got bigger problems though: 87.28% of the users during this rush experienced timeouts or errors! I tried both to put varnish, disabled Debub mode in django and started fastcgi in threaded mode - nothing helps. This is not gonna be a super highload page - just a coming soon page to save email of subscribers, it should carry at least 500-1000 users at the same time in peak... I believe t1.micro is super small for that, but I also have tried small instance - not better result.. Please let me know should I use something different from Amazon EC2, or to pick smth better than t1.micro, or I that is definetely a configuration issues?...

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• Hadoop streaming job on EC2 stays in "pending" state

  - by liamf

  Trying to experiment with Hadoop and Streaming using cloudera distribution CDH3 on Ubuntu. Have valid data in hdfs:// ready for processing. Wrote little streaming mapper in python. When I launch a mapper only job using: hadoop jar /usr/lib/hadoop/contrib/streaming/hadoop-streaming*.jar -file /usr/src/mystuff/mapper.py -mapper /usr/src/mystuff/mapper.py -input /incoming/STBFlow/* -output testOP hadoop duly decides it will use 66 mappers on the cluster to process the data. The testOP directory is created on HDFS. A job_conf.xml file is created. But the job tracker UI at port 50030 never shows the job moving out of "pending" state and nothing else happens. CPU usage stays at zero. (the job is created though) If I give it a single file (instead of the entire directory) as input, same result (except Hadoop decides it needs 2 mappers instead of 66). I also tried using the "dumbo" Python utility and launching jobs using that: same result: permanently pending. So I am missing something basic: could someone help me out with what I should look for? The cluster is on Amazon EC2. Firewall issues maybe: ports are enabled explicitly, case by case, in the cluster security group.

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• Whats the best cloud backup solution for a small scale server envoirnment?

  - by nbv4

  I have a server that runs a postgres database that contains about 200MB of data. Currently I have a cron job setup on my home computer which: ssh's into my server runs a remote script which makes a backup of the database scp's that dump over to my local hard drive for storage. Each dump is 20MiB. does this every six hours (one months of backups is roughly 2GiB) The problem with this setup is that if my local machine goes down for whatever reason, no backups will be made. Also, I can't have the cron run from the server, because I can't have it scp'd to my local machine from my server (firewalls and all that crap). My local machine is running Ubuntu 10.04, and my server is Ubuntu 9.10 server edition. I looked into Ubuntu One, but currently it's gui-only. I also looked into dropbox, but it's a pain in the ass to get setup in linux without gui support. Amazon S3 looks good but it's not free (yet dirt cheap). Is there any other alternative that I should look into? I'd prefer something where I can just have my script dump the database into a directory, and have the backup service 'watch' that folder and sync accordingly. I can maybe also have my local machine sync to the cloud backup so I have even more redundancy, plus easy access to my backups for use in testing.

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• File permission woes on an Ubuntu ec2 instance

  - by Pardoner

  I've set up an amazon ec2 instance and I'm have some file permission issues. I've created myself a new user and added myself to the following groups: adm:x:4:me,ubuntu sudo:x:27:me www-data:x:33:me,www-data ssh:x:108:me admin:x:111:me ubuntu:x:1000:www-data,me me:x:1001:me but when I cd /var/www I can't do simple commands without doing sudo. So I chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www to ensure that I'm in the owning group but I still have to type sudo for everything. If I sudo su www-data it works fine. Since I'm in the www-data group shouldn't I have the same privilages as www-data? One strange thing I'm noticing is that when I ls -l it list the owner but not the group names. Could this possibly be part of the issue? Is is posible for a directory to not be part of a group? drwxr-xr-x 4 www-data 4.0K Oct 24 16:39 . drwxr-xr-x 14 root 4.0K Oct 10 16:58 .. drwxrwxr-x 9 www-data 4.0K Oct 23 04:03 admin.mywebsite.com drwxrwxr-x 2 www-data 4.0K Oct 4 00:29 mywebsite.com drwxrwxr-x 9 www-data 4.0K Oct 23 04:03 staging.mywebsite.com Edit : It appears I had some alias messing with my ls command. By calling \ls -l I can see that all my files are in the correct group.

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• Whats the best cloud backup solution for a small scale server environment?

  - by nbv4

  I have a server that runs a postgres database that contains about 200MB of data. Currently I have a cron job setup on my home computer which: ssh's into my server runs a remote script which makes a backup of the database scp's that dump over to my local hard drive for storage. Each dump is 20MiB. does this every six hours (one months of backups is roughly 2GiB) The problem with this setup is that if my local machine goes down for whatever reason, no backups will be made. Also, I can't have the cron run from the server, because I can't have it scp'd to my local machine from my server (firewalls and all that crap). My local machine is running Ubuntu 10.04, and my server is Ubuntu 9.10 server edition. I looked into Ubuntu One, but currently it's gui-only. I also looked into dropbox, but it's a pain in the ass to get setup in linux without gui support. Amazon S3 looks good but it's not free (yet dirt cheap). Is there any other alternative that I should look into? I'd prefer something where I can just have my script dump the database into a directory, and have the backup service 'watch' that folder and sync accordingly. I can maybe also have my local machine sync to the cloud backup so I have even more redundancy, plus easy access to my backups for use in testing. Edit: My server is a VPS, so what solution I end up using has to be 100% software based.

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• disk space keeps filling up on EC2 instance with no apperent files/directories

  - by sasher

  How come os shows 6.5G used but I see only 3.6G in files/directories? Running as root on an Amazon Linux AMI (seems like Centos), lots of free memory available, no swapping going on, no apparent file descriptors issue. The only thing I can think of is a log file that was deleted while applications append to it. Disk space usage is slowly but continuously rising towards full capacity (~1k/min with very small decreases from time to time) Any explanation? Solution? du --max-depth=1 -h / 1.2G /usr 4.0K /cgroup 22M /lib64 11M /sbin 19M /etc 52K /dev 2.1G /var 4.0K /media 0 /sys 4.0K /selinux du: cannot access /proc/14024/task/14024/fd/4': No such file or directory du: cannot access<br/> /proc/14024/task/14024/fdinfo/4': No such file or directory du: cannot access /proc/14024/fd/4': No such file or directory du: cannot<br/> access/proc/14024/fdinfo/4': No such file or directory 0 /proc 18M /home 4.0K /logs 8.1M /bin 16K /lost+found 12M /tmp 4.0K /srv 35M /boot 79M /lib 56K /root 67M /opt 4.0K /local 4.0K /mnt 3.6G / df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda1 7.9G 6.5G 1.4G 84% / tmpfs 3.7G 0 3.7G 0% /dev/shm sysctl fs.file-nr fs.file-nr = 864 0 761182

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• Mail Server using Postfix

  - by unknown (google)

  I have currently set up my web application on Amazon EC2 server. As a well known fact sending email from EC2 has a problem. As a cheap and long lasting solution instead of using "authsmtp" is it possible to rent a server and use it as a Mail Server? I am currently looking for cheap hosting which will give me root access so that it can be configured and used as a relayhost. I am curently using Postfix as MTA. Has any one implemented this before? I am curious about its feasibility of this solution. I guess common requirements are: 1: Dedicated IP which is not black listed. 2: Open relay( open to my Server only) Any Tips for Header configurations to keep the mails out of spam folder. This is like exactly cloning authsmtp for personal use. Any suggestions for other Mail Server software instead of Postfix? Another problem is Reverse DNS for this server. Should PTR entry be present if a server is used as a relayhost?

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• AWS instance went down for restart, came back up and has been "Waiting for network configuration... " for 12 hours

  - by kavisiegel

  What happened was about a month ago, I created a new instance, re-configured everything, and mounted the old instances drive to the new one. I then detached the old drive from the instance, but it was still mounted, so it errored out. Now, come the outage last month, and when the instance boots back up - the drive isn't there, because in the downtime, it dismounted. It hangs because the fstab is looking for it. I get word that the server's not up today, I check the logs, re-attach the drive and restart. Now I'm getting "Waiting for network configuration..." and it doesn't seem to be doing anything. Some googling told me that I'm going to need to start from zero again, which I don't think is right. I created a new instance, which booted no problem, then I stopped it and swapped the two old drives into the new instance. Still the same error. Using the fresh AMI, it worked. I figure it's just a misconfigured Amazon file. I can attach the drive to a functioning instance on the same AMI and copy some files over, then try again - but I don't know where to even start or what files to check.

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• Automatically creating volume partitions on boot

  - by Justin Meltzer

  I followed this guide: http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Amazon+EC2+Quickstart to set up Mongodb. It had me create a RAID 10 array out of the four devices on EBS. Then it had me create a physical volume, a volume group, and three logical volumes out of that RAID 10 array. Lastly it had me create ext4 filesystems out of the logical volumes and mount them. Now the quickstart guide had me put two things in place so that these steps would be replicated on reboot of the system. It had me add some instructions to the mdadm.conf file to automatically create the RAID 10 array, and it also had me add instructions to the fstab file to automatically mount the filesystem for each logical volume. However, the quickstart guide does not have anything for automatically creating the logical volumes from the RAID 10 array. I checked my system and see that each of the four devices are part of a RAID array: $ sudo mdadm -Q /dev/sdh1 /dev/sdh1: is not an md array /dev/sdh1: device 0 in 4 device unknown raid10 array. Use mdadm --examine for more detail. However, the filesystem is never created or mounted from fstab because it's trying to mount it from logical volumes that were never created (or so it seems). My question is, how can I automatically accomplish all the steps from the quickstart guide on a reboot of the system, and what config file do I need to add data to so that I can automatically create these volume partions after the RAID 10 is created but before the filesystem is mounted. Also I'm unsure whether fstab actually creates and mounts the filesystem or just mounts the filesystem.

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• How can I generate filesystem images that are usable on many different virtualization systems?

  - by Mark Longair

  I have written a script that generates a root filesystem image (based on Debian lenny) suitable for User-Mode Linux. (Essentially this script creates a filesystem image, mounts it with a loop device, uses debootstrap to create a lenny install, sets up a static IP for TUN/TAP networking, adds public keys for login by SSH and installs a web application.) These filesystem images work pretty well with UML, but it would be nice to be able to generate similar images that people can use on alternative virtualization software, and I'm not familiar with these options at all. In particular, since the idea is to use this image as a standalone server for testing the web application, it's important that the networking works. I wonder if anyone can suggest what would be involved in customizing such root filesystem images such that they could be used with other virtualization software, such as VMware, Xen or as an Amazon EC2 instance? Two particular concerns are: If such systems don't use a raw filesystem image (e.g. they need headers with metadata or are compressed in some particular way) do there exist tools to convert between the different formats? I assume that in the filesystem, at least /etc/network/interfaces will have to be customized, but are more involved changes likely to be necessary? Many thanks for any suggestions...

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• Help - since adding an elastic load balancer to my EC2 web application I cannot connect with the MySQL database (not in AWS)

  - by undefined

  I have a web application that uses an EC2 instance to receive uploaded images, resize and store on S3 and update my MySQL database with the image record. This database is hosted outside Amazon Web Services and so obviously involves communication between the EC2 instance and the database. Images are posted to the upload server from a Flash client which receives the IP address of the upload server when it is loaded and so sends images to 1.12.23.34/resize_script.php This has worked great .. until i started to try and include a load balancer. Since the ELBs do not use an IP address but a DNS address I am now passing this to Flash. Now when I upload images I get the following response from the server - Could not connect to MySQL: Lost connection to MySQL server at 'reading initial communication packet', system error: 111 What might be causing the lost connection to MySQL server. Is there any additional steps I need to take to allow my upload servers to be load balanced? I have set the host property of my MySQL privileges for this user to % any pointers greatly appreciated thanks.

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• Why do I get this message from chrome when navigating to https://www.amazon.com?

  - by Denis

  This is probably not the site you are looking for! You attempted to reach www.amazon.com, but instead you actually reached a server identifying itself as *.voxcdn.com. This may be caused by a misconfiguration on the server or by something more serious. An attacker on your network could be trying to get you to visit a fake (and potentially harmful) version of www.amazon.com. Intermittently, I get a blank page when going to http://www.amazon.com. So I stuck an 's' in the URL, making it https://www.amazon.com and got that message above (with the nice red screen) from Chrome indicating there might be some monkey business going on. After hammering on the URL a bunch of times and pulling it up in Chrome's developer tool to look at the network traffic on it, the url (without the s) started behaving. The url with the s just hangs, but the red screen no longer comes up. Some specs... I've got a macBook Pro, Snow Leopard, Time Warner cable. I've had enough strange stuff happening over the past couple months (google.com, youtube.com, amazon.com not coming up or loading strange error messages with random reference numbers) that I finally decided to switch to OpenDNS. Still having problems, though.

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• Programmatic DNS

  - by Chad

  I'm a long time developer but not very experienced with DNS. Here's my problem: Our app launches servers on Amazon EC2 for clients. One client wants to use custom DNS's for every server launched instead of the normal long public DNS provided by AWS: for example server-5.demo.ourclient.com, server-6.demo.ourclient.com. What's the easiest/cleanest/best way to solve this challenge from inside our application that launches the servers and knows the Amazon public DNS? We can probably get control of demo.ourclient.com as well.... Are there nice hosted solutions with API's? Would we need to manage a DNS server for *.demo.ourclient.com? Thanks! Chad

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• Tips on deploying Ror

  - by notnoop

  How can I go about deploying a Rails app on a cluster of Amazon EC2 servers? Any recommended guides? I maintain a RoR app (currently hosted on Heroku) that uses a DB and DelayedJobs). The app has a large footprint, and needs to be distributed on a cluster most likely. Any tips would be appreciated. Are there Amazon AMIs that replicate some of Heroku's features (especially DJ)? P.S. I'm quite a Ruby newbie.

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• SSH into Fedora 17 will not work with new users

  - by psion

  I just deployed a new Fedora 17 server on the Amazon EC2. I was able to log in as ec2-user with my generated keypair, but I cannot log in under normal circumstances as a user I created. This is just a normal ssh: ssh user@ip-address Any ideas on what is going on here? EDIT: This is a snippit from my sshd_config file # To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here! PasswordAuthentication no #PermitEmptyPasswords no PasswordAuthentication no EDIT AGAIN: This is the output of ssh -v. OpenSSH_5.8p2, OpenSSL 1.0.0i-fips 19 Apr 2012 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to 107.23.2.165 [107.23.2.165] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /home/psion/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: identity file /home/psion/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/psion/.ssh/id_dsa type 2 debug1: identity file /home/psion/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.9 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.9 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.8 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Server host key: RSA 19:cb:84:21:a9:0e:83:96:2f:6a:fa:7d:ce:39:0f:31 debug1: Host '107.23.2.165' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/psion/.ssh/known_hosts:5 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-keyex debug1: No valid Key exchange context debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-with-mic debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information Credentials cache file '/tmp/krb5cc_1000' not found debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information Credentials cache file '/tmp/krb5cc_1000' not found debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering DSA public key: /home/psion/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic debug1: Offering RSA public key: /home/psion/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic).

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• How to run Django 1.3/1.4 on uWSGI on nginx on EC2 (Apache2 works)

  - by Tadeck

  I am posting a question on behalf of my administrator. Basically he wants to set up Django app (made on Django 1.3, but will be moving to Django 1.4, so it should not really matter which one of these two will work, I hope) on WSGI on nginx, installed on Amazon EC2. The app runs correctly when Django's development server is used (with ./manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8080 for example), also Apache works correctly. The only problem is with nginx and it looks there is something else wrong with nginx / WSGI or Django configuration. His description is as follows: Server has been configured according to many tutorials, but unfortunately Nginx and uWSGI still do not work with application. ProjectName.py: import os, sys, wsgi os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "ProjectName.settings") from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application application = get_wsgi_application() I run uWSGI by comand: uwsgi -x /etc/uwsgi/apps-enabled/projectname.xml XML file: <uwsgi> <chdir>/home/projectname</chdir> <pythonpath>/usr/local/lib/python2.7</pythonpath> <socket>127.0.0.1:8001</socket> <daemonize>/var/log/uwsgi/proJectname.log</daemonize> <processes>1</processes> <uid>33</uid> <gid>33</gid> <enable-threads/> <master/> <vacuum/> <harakiri>120</harakiri> <max-requests>5000</max-requests> <vhost/> </uwsgi> In logs from uWSGI: *** no app loaded. going in full dynamic mode *** In logs from Nginx: XXX.com [pid: XXX|app: -1|req: -1/1] XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX () {48 vars in 989 bytes} [Date] GET / => generated 46 bytes in 77 m secs (HTTP/1.1 500) 2 headers in 63 bytes (0 switches on core 0) added /usr/lib/python2.7/ to pythonpath. Traceback (most recent call last): File "./ProjectName.py", line 26, in <module> from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application ImportError: No module named wsgi unable to load app SCRIPT_NAME=XXX.com| Example tutorials that were used: http://projects.unbit.it/uwsgi/wiki/RunOnNginx https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.4/howto/deployment/wsgi/ Do you have any idea what has been done incorrectly, or what should be done to make Django work on uWSGI on nginx on EC2?

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• What is good usage scenario for Rackspace Cloud Files CDN (powered by AKAMAI) [closed]

  - by Andrew Smith

  I have just setup my website as static page via Rackspace CDN / Akamai. www.example.co.uk is an alias for d9771e6f24423091aebc-345678991111238fabcdef6114258d0e1.r61.cf3.rackcdn.com. d9771e6f24423091aebc-345678991111238fabcdef6114258d0e1.r61.cf3.rackcdn.com is an alias for a61.rackcdn.com. a61.rackcdn.com is an alias for a61.rackcdn.com.mdc.edgesuite.net. a61.rackcdn.com.mdc.edgesuite.net is an alias for a63.dscg10.akamai.net. a63.dscg10.akamai.net has address 63.166.98.41 a63.dscg10.akamai.net has address 63.166.98.40 a63.dscg10.akamai.net has IPv6 address 2001:428:4c02::cda8:ecb9 a63.dscg10.akamai.net has IPv6 address 2001:428:4c02::cda8:ed09 The HTTP header: HTTP/1.0 200 OK Last-Modified: Fri, 19 Oct 2012 23:27:41 GMT ETag: fdf9e14b77def799e09e8ce815a521da X-Timestamp: 1350689261.23382 Content-Type: text/html X-Trans-Id: tx457979be3bd746c2b4e5403a1189cdbc Cache-Control: public, max-age=900 Expires: Sat, 27 Oct 2012 22:18:56 GMT Date: Sat, 27 Oct 2012 22:03:56 GMT Content-Length: 7124 Connection: keep-alive I am wondering, if it's really the fastest solution to power the website? By investigating it thru http://www.just-ping.com/ it seems, that from many places the ping is very high, and during quick investigation I found that they use GeoIP to resolve addresses based on WHOIS, which is not accurate and because of that from many places the ping is above 300ms (for example, if ISP is in balgladore and request is routed to bangladore even if it's 300ms, for period of 1 month), while by just using Amazon Web Services and Route 53 Anycast DNS servers and only 4 EC2 instances it seems that for example India is always below 100ms, while using Akamai it goes above 300ms in some cases, and this is because Route 53 is using BGP. By quickly checking the Akamai, it seems that they are not getting feedback from the traffic - the high ping stays constant even if I keep downloading large files and videos, which is opposite to what they say on their website. They state, that they optimize the performance by taking feedback from the requests, while it seems they just use GeoIP with per City resolution (which are mostly big cities). Because of this, AWS with Route 53 / Anycast DNS seems to be much more reliable, as well EdgeCast which is using BGP, but I dont know how much does it cost to deploy static website. Actually, I dont know if EdgeCast is not a lie, because from isolated places there are many errors - so their performance is at the cost of quality of delivery, because of BGP switching the routes during transfer of large files. So I was wondering, what is really Akamai good for, because they dont seem to pose any strength in any field in what I do understand now, except they offer some software based WAF on their website, but what I really care about is the core distribiution, so the question is? Is really Akamai good for Videos? For static websites? ??? I found so far AWS most usable with most consistent ping and stable transfers.

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• Why is my concurrency capacity so low for my web app on a LAMP EC2 instance?

  - by AMF

  I come from a web developer background and have been humming along building my PHP app, using the CakePHP framework. The problem arose when I began the ab (Apache Bench) testing on the Amazon EC2 instance in which the app resides. I'm getting pretty horrendous average page load times, even though I'm running a c1.medium instance (2 cores, 2GB RAM), and I think I'm doing everything right. I would run: ab -n 200 -c 20 http://localhost/heavy-but-view-cached-page.php Here are the results: Concurrency Level: 20 Time taken for tests: 48.197 seconds Complete requests: 200 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 392111200 bytes HTML transferred: 392047600 bytes Requests per second: 4.15 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 4819.723 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 240.986 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 7944.88 [Kbytes/sec] received While the ab test is running, I run VMStat, which shows that Swap stays at 0, CPU is constantly at 80-100% (although I'm not sure I can trust this on a VM), RAM utilization ramps up to about 1.6G (leaving 400M free). Load goes up to about 8 and site slows to a crawl. Here's what I think I'm doing right on the code side: In Chrome browser uncached pages typically load in 800-1000ms, and cached pages load in 300-500ms. Not stunning, but not terrible either. Thanks to view caching, there might be at most one DB query per page-load to write session data. So we can rule out a DB bottleneck. I have APC on. I am using Memcached to serve the view cache and other site caches. xhprof code profiler shows that cached pages take up 10MB-40MB in memory and 100ms - 1000ms in wall time. Pages that would be the worst offenders would look something like this in xhprof: Total Incl. Wall Time (microsec): 330,143 microsecs Total Incl. CPU (microsecs): 320,019 microsecs Total Incl. MemUse (bytes): 36,786,192 bytes Total Incl. PeakMemUse (bytes): 46,667,008 bytes Number of Function Calls: 5,195 My Apache config: KeepAlive On MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 KeepAliveTimeout 3 <IfModule mpm_prefork_module> StartServers 5 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 10 MaxClients 120 MaxRequestsPerChild 1000 </IfModule> Is there something wrong with the server? Some gotcha with the EC2? Or is it my code? Some obvious setting I should look into? Too many DNS lookups? What am I missing? I really want to get to 1,000 concurrency capacity, but at this rate, it ain't gonna happen.

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• SUSE EC2 Problem - zypper - Permission denied

  - by phuu

  I'm trying to use zypper to install gcc on my Amazon EC2 instance running SUSE.When I try:zypper in gcc I get: Retrieving repository 'SLE11-SDK-SP1' metadata [] Permission to access 'http://eu-west-1-ec2-update.susecloud.net/repo/install/SLE11-SDK-SP1/sle-11-i586/media.1/media' denied. Abort, retry, ignore? [a/r/i/?] (a): i Retrieving repository 'SLE11-SDK-SP1' metadata [error] Repository 'SLE11-SDK-SP1' is invalid. Can't provide /media.1/media : User-requested skipping of a file Please check if the URIs defined for this repository are pointing to a valid repository. Warning: Disabling repository 'SLE11-SDK-SP1' because of the above error. Retrieving repository 'SLE11-SDK-SP1-Updates' metadata [|] Permission to access 'http://eu-west-1-ec2-update.susecloud.net/repo/update/SLE11-SDK-SP1-Updates/sle-11-i586/repodata/repomd.xml' denied. Abort, retry, ignore? [a/r/i/?] (a): i Retrieving repository 'SLE11-SDK-SP1-Updates' metadata [error] Repository 'SLE11-SDK-SP1-Updates' is invalid. Can't provide /repodata/repomd.xml : User-requested skipping of a file Please check if the URIs defined for this repository are pointing to a valid repository. Warning: Disabling repository 'SLE11-SDK-SP1-Updates' because of the above error. Retrieving repository 'SLES11-Extras' metadata [/] Permission to access 'http://eu-west-1-ec2-update.susecloud.net/repo/update/SLES11-Extras/sle-11-i586/repodata/repomd.xml' denied. Abort, retry, ignore? [a/r/i/?] (a): r Permission to access 'http://eu-west-1-ec2-update.susecloud.net/repo/update/SLES11-Extras/sle-11-i586/repodata/repomd.xml' denied. Abort, retry, ignore? [a/r/i/?] (a): zypper in gcc Invalid answer 'zypper in gcc'. [a/r/i/?] (a): a Retrieving repository 'SLES11-Extras' metadata [error] Repository 'SLES11-Extras' is invalid. Can't provide /repodata/repomd.xml : Please check if the URIs defined for this repository are pointing to a valid repository. Warning: Disabling repository 'SLES11-Extras' because of the above error. Retrieving repository 'SLES11-SP1' metadata [-] Permission to access 'http://eu-west-1-ec2-update.susecloud.net/repo/install/SLES11-SP1/sle-11-i586/media.1/media' denied. Abort, retry, ignore? [a/r/i/?] (a): a Retrieving repository 'SLES11-SP1' metadata [error] Repository 'SLES11-SP1' is invalid. Can't provide /media.1/media : Please check if the URIs defined for this repository are pointing to a valid repository. Warning: Disabling repository 'SLES11-SP1' because of the above error. Retrieving repository 'SLES11-SP1-Updates' metadata [] Permission to access 'http://eu-west-1-ec2-update.susecloud.net/repo/update/SLES11-SP1-Updates/sle-11-i586/repodata/repomd.xml' denied. I've search for the problem and this thread came up, but offered no solutions.I've triedsces-activate. Am I doing something wrong? I should say I'm very new to this, and I admit I don't really know what I'm doing, but I'm trying to learn about setting up and running a server and so I thought I'd throw myself in at the deep(ish) end. Thanks for reading.

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• SUSE EC2 Problem - zypper - Permission denied

  - by phuu

  Hi. I'm trying to use zypper to install gcc on my Amazon EC2 instance running SUSE.When I try:zypper in gcc I get: Retrieving repository 'SLE11-SDK-SP1' metadata [] Permission to access 'http://eu-west-1-ec2-update.susecloud.net/repo/install/SLE11-SDK-SP1/sle-11-i586/media.1/media' denied. Abort, retry, ignore? [a/r/i/?] (a): i Retrieving repository 'SLE11-SDK-SP1' metadata [error] Repository 'SLE11-SDK-SP1' is invalid. Can't provide /media.1/media : User-requested skipping of a file Please check if the URIs defined for this repository are pointing to a valid repository. Warning: Disabling repository 'SLE11-SDK-SP1' because of the above error. Retrieving repository 'SLE11-SDK-SP1-Updates' metadata [|] Permission to access 'http://eu-west-1-ec2-update.susecloud.net/repo/update/SLE11-SDK-SP1-Updates/sle-11-i586/repodata/repomd.xml' denied. Abort, retry, ignore? [a/r/i/?] (a): i Retrieving repository 'SLE11-SDK-SP1-Updates' metadata [error] Repository 'SLE11-SDK-SP1-Updates' is invalid. Can't provide /repodata/repomd.xml : User-requested skipping of a file Please check if the URIs defined for this repository are pointing to a valid repository. Warning: Disabling repository 'SLE11-SDK-SP1-Updates' because of the above error. Retrieving repository 'SLES11-Extras' metadata [/] Permission to access 'http://eu-west-1-ec2-update.susecloud.net/repo/update/SLES11-Extras/sle-11-i586/repodata/repomd.xml' denied. Abort, retry, ignore? [a/r/i/?] (a): r Permission to access 'http://eu-west-1-ec2-update.susecloud.net/repo/update/SLES11-Extras/sle-11-i586/repodata/repomd.xml' denied. Abort, retry, ignore? [a/r/i/?] (a): zypper in gcc Invalid answer 'zypper in gcc'. [a/r/i/?] (a): a Retrieving repository 'SLES11-Extras' metadata [error] Repository 'SLES11-Extras' is invalid. Can't provide /repodata/repomd.xml : Please check if the URIs defined for this repository are pointing to a valid repository. Warning: Disabling repository 'SLES11-Extras' because of the above error. Retrieving repository 'SLES11-SP1' metadata [-] Permission to access 'http://eu-west-1-ec2-update.susecloud.net/repo/install/SLES11-SP1/sle-11-i586/media.1/media' denied. Abort, retry, ignore? [a/r/i/?] (a): a Retrieving repository 'SLES11-SP1' metadata [error] Repository 'SLES11-SP1' is invalid. Can't provide /media.1/media : Please check if the URIs defined for this repository are pointing to a valid repository. Warning: Disabling repository 'SLES11-SP1' because of the above error. Retrieving repository 'SLES11-SP1-Updates' metadata [] Permission to access 'http://eu-west-1-ec2-update.susecloud.net/repo/update/SLES11-SP1-Updates/sle-11-i586/repodata/repomd.xml' denied. I've search for the problem and this thread came up, but offered no solutions.I've triedsces-activate. Am I doing something wrong? I should say I'm very new to this, and I admit I don't really know what I'm doing, but I'm trying to learn about setting up and running a server and so I thought I'd throw myself in at the deep(ish) end. Thanks for reading.

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