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• Team Software Development using Ruby on Rails

  - by Panoy

  I used to work alone on small to medium sized programming projects before and have no experience working in a team environment. Currently, there will be 3 of us in an in-house software development team that is tasked to develop a number of software for an academic institution. We have decided to use the web for the majority of the projects and are planning to choose Ruby on Rails for this and I would like to ask for your inputs, advices and approaches with regards to software development as a team using the RoR web framework. One thing that has really confounded me is how you divide the programming tasks of a project if there are 3 of you that are really doing the coding. It’s obvious that we as developers approach a problem in a modular way and finish it one after another. If the project consists of 3 modules, should each one of us focus on each of those modules? Would it be faster that way? How about if the 3 of us would focus on one module first (that’s what I really prefer). Is using a distributed version control system such as Git the answer to this type of problem? Please don’t forget to put your tips and experiences with regards to team software development. Cheers!

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• Simplest way to render image over top of another with another image used as mask in OpenGL?

  - by Adam Naylor

  The effect I'm looking for is to have a single large background image that is always visible (at full alpha) and then show a second image (what I call a light map or specular map) that is partially shown over the top based on a third image (which is effectively a mask). The effect is similar to this effect except instead of simply darkening or lightening the background image using the third image it needs to mask the second without effecting the first at all. The third image is the only one that moves therefore hard baking the third images alpha into the second image isn't an option. If my explanation isn't clear I'll provide visual examples when I have more time. I'd prefer not to go down a shader route as I haven't taught myself this area yet so unless I have too I'd rather try to achieve this with simple alpha blending. Happy to use a shader approach. Cheers. Additional These third images are obviously light sources being cast onto the first image showing the specular information from the second image to simulate the light 'shining' off the objects in the first image. The solution I implement will need to allow two light sources to potentially overlap so my current thoughts are that the alpha values of the two images will need to be combined (Added?) to produce a final image which masks the second image? Don't worry about things like coloured lights. For this technique the lights are all considered white.

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• Pandaboard crash on startup or freeze after minutes

  - by Meach

  I just received my Pandaboard ES (rev B) and I am having trouble after installing ubuntu-omap4-addons. Once I copied the image ubuntu-12.04-preinstalled-desktop-armhf+omap4.img on my sd card and boot the pandaboard with it, I run the following commands: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tiomap-dev/release sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get dist-upgrade sudo apt-get install ubuntu-omap4-extras At the end of the installation of ubuntu-omap4-extras, Ubuntu tells me that a problem occurs when the console displays: ldconfig deferred processing now taking place Clicking on "report the problem" tell me that the problem concerns pvr-omap4-dkms. I read somewhere that this can happen and it is better to reinstall pvr-omap4-dkms. Which I am doing by running: sudo apt-get install --reinstall pvr-omap4-dkms I reboot. Then the board has sometimes difficulties to start Ubuntu: it freezes during the loading page, only action I can do is unplugging the board to start it again. Some other times, Ubuntu load successfully but then freeze at another random time, in the range 20 - 40 minutes. I searched on internet for similar bug and found this: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux-ti-omap4/+bug/971091 So I typed this in: update-rc.d ondemand disable apt-get -y install cpufrequtils echo 'ENABLE="true" GOVERNOR="performance" MAX_SPEED="0" MIN_SPEED="0"' > /etc/default/cpufrequtils cpufreq-set -r -g performance reboot But it doesn't seems to fix the bug. Another detail: on startup, before the loading screen of Ubuntu (when there is the two penguins displayed :)), it shows this: [0.297271] CPU1: Unknown IPI message 0x1 [0.308990] omap_hwmod: mcpdm: _wait_target_ready error: -16 [0.354705] omap_mux_get_by_name: Could not find signal uart1_cts.uart1_cts [0.354766] omap_hwmod_mux_init: Could not allocate device mux entry [2.107086] thermal_get_slope:Getting slope is not supported for domain gpu [2.107116] thermal_get_offset:Getting offset is not supported for domain gpu [2.107299] stm_fw: vendor driver stm_ti1.0 registered [8.725555] OMAPRPC: Registration of OMAPRPC rpmsg service returned 0! debug=0 Any idea what can be wrong? I am not that good with Ubuntu so any help will be appreciated. Cheers! Meach

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• What went wrong with my curl install?

  - by Danjah

  I'm fresher than the prince to Linux, I've been following the instructions here: http://chrisfulstow.com/running-node-js-on-windows-with-virtualbox-and-ubuntu (the link tells what I am generally trying to do). I'm all up and running in VBox, and am at the curl install part, I may have done the curl part a week ago I forget. So I ran this command anyway: danjah@danjah-VirtualBox:~$ sudo apt-get install curl Result: [sudo] password for danjah: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done curl is already the newest version. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Then: $ curl http://npmjs.org/install.sh | sudo npm_install=rc sh Result: fetching: { gzip: stdin: unexpected end of file /bin/tar: Child returned status 1 /bin/tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now It failed Should I be concerned? How can I test curl? How can I avoid these situations? Perhaps there's a generic way of checking to see if I've already installed packages/etc? Case specific answers and general advice most appreciated. cheers, d

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• Do you tend to write your own name or your company name in your code?

  - by Connell Watkins

  I've been working on various projects at home and at work, and over the years I've developed two main APIs that I use in almost all AJAX based websites. I've compiled both of these into DLLs and called the namespaces Connell.Database and Connell.Json. My boss recently saw these namespaces in a software documentation for a project for the company and said I shouldn't be using my own name in the code. (But it's my code!) One thing to bear in mind is that we're not a software company. We're an IT support company, and I'm the only full-time software developer here, so there's not really any procedures on how we should write software in the company. Another thing to bear in mind is that I do intend on one day releasing these DLLs as open-source projects. How do other developers group their namespaces within their company? Does anyone use the same class libraries in personal and in work projects? Also does this work the other way round? If I write a class library entirely at work, who owns that code? If I've seen the library through from start to finish, designed it and programmed it. Can I use that for another project at home? Thanks, Update I've spoken to my boss about this issue and he agrees that they're my objects and he's fine for me to open-source them. Before this conversation I started changing the objects anyway, which was actually quite productive and the code now suits this specific project more-so than it did previously. But thank you to everyone involved for a very interesting debate. I hope all this text isn't wasted and someone learns from it. I certainly did. Cheers,

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• A Fresh Start

  - by Laila

  As you may already be aware, I'm no longer responsible for the .NET Reflector newsletter. That publication is now in the very capable hands of the Reflector team. But fear not; starting in early April, I'll be launching a brand new .NET Newsletter, and I invite you to enjoy the very first edition by subscribing to our new mailing list, or by updating your Simple-Talk subscriptions, and joining the .NET Newsletter mailing list. With a fresh and snappy design (it might even be described as idiosyncratic. but I can say no more at this stage), we'll be making a brand new start. Each month, a member of my team (that's the Red Gate .NET team) will host the .NET Newsletter, bringing you the choicest cuts of breaking news, the very best .NET content from Simple-Talk, alongside details of hot upcoming events. To top it off, not only will you be among the first to get access to free resources (including free wall-charts, training videos and eBooks), but you'll also get exclusive access to betas, early access programs, and special offers. We can't wait to share the new design and exciting new content with you! If you have any questions about the changes to the newsletter, please feel free to send an email to [email protected] or post a comment on my blog. If I don't hear from you before next month, then I'll simply say that I hope you enjoy the new look. Cheers, Laila

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• Wrong resolution for Lightdm/GDM on Ubuntu 13.04 using HDMI

  - by f03lipe

  I've tried all the solution I could find on the matter so far, but the error persists. My problem is that the login screen (both under gdm and lightdm) runs with the wrong resolution, even though all is fine when I log in. The error occurs solely when I have my HDMI cable connected to my other screen. The login screen resolution becomes 1024x768 (for my 1366x768 laptop screen) and mirrored on my screen, which is 1920x1080. I've had this issue on version 12.04 (the last one before I upgraded to 13.04), but I got it fixed by adding the xrandr commands on the begining of the /etc/gdm/Init/Default file. This doesn't seem to work anymore. I've also tried telling lightdm to run a script fixing the resolution with xrandr (by editing /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf), but lightdm crashes, and I'm forced to log in with low graphic settigs. Hint: when ubuntu is loading, the resolution starts OK, then goes bad right before the login screen is initialized. Does that mean that there's nothing wrong with my graphic cards? What do you think? Cheers!

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• Employers and intellectual property 2

  - by Rick

  I have a question about intellectual property, I am currently a manager in a small manufacturing firm. The owners are driven by greed and don't appreciate the development process of complex machinery and are happy just to send things out half done. I on the other hand think that it should be done properly as breakdown in the field can be costly, embarrassing. They seem to have all of us running around doing most of the work out of hours using the attitude of "Be grateful to have a job" yet no one has a contract or any security or any agreement in place. For a couple of the projects i am using PLC's and doing the code in my own time and the testing during company time, and i am aware that they cannot support their own machines if i left, but as i created the code in my own time who owns it? The have asked my to put in a shutdown code for a maintenance request after a given length of time, could this be classed as criminal damage or anything illegal apart from immoral? (we sell the machines with 12 month warrantee, shut down after) But as time goes on I'm getting rather fed up of the companies attitude toward the client. I am considering keeping the clients as my own and get them to contact me directly In the shutdown code. By doing something like this is a trial version contact me for a full license? I wouldn't feel bad for my current employer as he is not afraid to S***t on people as he has been evolved in numerous law suits and has over 30 failed companies leaving people and customers high and dry, we have took the company this far on the reputation of the workers and and i can see things heading like all the other companies he has owned and taking our reputations with him. So i suppose now i have set the scene, if i code into it to contact me directly in the shutdown could there be any legal impact on me, as i rightly or wrongly think i own the code and designs? Cheers R

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• Calling a model from a controller from the 404 route [migrated]

  - by IrishRob

  Got a problem here where I can’t seem to load a method from a model after the page has been redirected after encountering a 404. Model name: Category_Model Method name: get_category_menu() In my routes, I’ve updated the 404 over-ride to: $route[‘404_override’] = ‘whoops’; I’ve also got my controller Whoops that reads… <?php class Whoops extends CI_Controller { function index() { $this->load->model('Category_Model'); $data['Categories'] = $this->Category_Model->get_category_menu(); $data['main_content'] = $this->load->view('messages/whoops', null, true); $this->load->view('includes/template', $data); } } So when I navigate to a page that doesn’t exist, I get the following error… Message: Undefined property: Whoops::$Category_Model Filename: controllers/whoops.php I’ve hard coded the loading of the model into the controller here, even though I have it in my autoload, but no luck. Everything else with the site so far works, just this 404 problem. Any pointers would be great, kinda new to CI so go easy on me. Cheers.

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• SSH asks for password

  - by user1435470

  I have already : Installed the server Generated the pub/pri keys with -P "" Copied the id_rsa.pub to authorized_keys ssh localhost answered "yes", copied to known_hosts tried ssh localhost still asks for password Output: hduser@hduser1-desktop:~$ ssh -v localhost OpenSSH_5.3p1 Debian-3ubuntu7, OpenSSL 0.9.8k 25 Mar 2009 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to localhost [127.0.0.1] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /home/hduser/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /home/hduser/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: Checking blacklist file /usr/share/ssh/blacklist.RSA-2048 debug1: Checking blacklist file /etc/ssh/blacklist.RSA-2048 debug1: identity file /home/hduser/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.3p1 Debian- 3ubuntu7 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.3p1 Debian-3ubuntu7 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.3p1 Debian-3ubuntu7 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Host 'localhost' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/hduser/.ssh/known_hosts:3 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering public key: /home/hduser/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug1: Trying private key: /home/hduser/.ssh/identity debug1: Trying private key: /home/hduser/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Next authentication method: password Any suggestions ? Cheers

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• SSD on USB 3.0 doesnt always mount

  - by juergen

  I would like to ask you for some support for this issue. The SSD I use is apparently slightly damaged. Atm it shows this popular Corsair Series 3 problem. symptom: the disk is working for some minutes and then just suddenly stops. Two months ago it worked like a charm. This was my boot device in these days. So now I still need to copy some data out of the device which leads me to my question. Usually the SSD is working again for some minutes, when i unplug and replug its power. It gets detected by the system again and I can continue my backup. The problem on Ubuntu is, that it is not recognized again after two or three replugs. I have to reboot to bring it back. To specify this situation: when i unplug and replug my USB mouse before i reboot it is not recognized as well. So something seems to be wrong with the system also. my question: how do i fix this rebooting issue? I will post all the logs you need to analyse. The problem doesnt depend on the interface. I tried USB3.0, 2.0 and Sata already. Thank you! cheers my system: Ubuntu 11.10, Gigabyte G41MT-S2P, Intel E6750 Corsair Force Series 2 - F120, Digitus USB 3.0 Adapter, USB 3.0 interface card

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• Is there a schematic overview of Ubuntu's architecture?

  - by joebuntu

  Hi there, as enthusiastic, advanced Linux learner, I'd love to get an overview about Linux' architecure/structure in general. You know, like "the big picture". I'm thinking of a large schematic graphic showing what is what, who is who, what system (e.g. X) comprises which subsystems (GDM/Gnome/Compiz) on the way from a to z, from boot to interactive desktop, including the most important background services (auth, network, cron, ...). Maybe a bit like this: http://www.flickr.com/photos/pgc/140859386/ but way more detailed. There's bootchart, which produces very comprehensive charts, but they again are too detailed and difficult to get the "big picture" from. Is there such a thing? Possibly not for the whole System, but maybe for single subsystems? I had trouble searching for this, because using search terms like "scheme" or "architecture" pointed to the wrong direction (a tool called "scheme" or CAD software for linux). I appreciate any links. If there's interest in those schematic overviews and links, maybe someone could turn this post into a wiki post? Cheers, joebuntu

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• how to calculate intersection time and place of multiple moving arcs

  - by user20733

  I have rocks orbiting moons, moons orbiting planets, planets orbiting suns, and suns orbiting black holes, and the current system could have many many layers of orbitage. the position of any object is a function of time and relative to the object it orbits. (so far so good). now I want to know for a given 2 objects(A,B), a start time and a speed, how can I work out the when and where to go. I can work out where A and B is given a time. so i just need. 1: direction to travel in from A to B(remember B is moving(not in a straight line)) 2: Time to get to b in a straight line. travel must be in a straight line with the shortest possible distance. as an extension to this question, how will i know if its better to wait, EG is it faster to stay on object A and wait for a hour when the objects may be closer, than to set off from A to B at the start. Cheers, it hurt my brain.

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• Non-dynamic CMS [closed]

  - by user20457

  Some of the web sites I visit every day (news, sports, etc..), although the content changes very often (several times per day), the URLs always have .html extension, what makes me thing that the content has been generated once, and then published as a static page, rather than generated in every call, or even cached in memory. For example, the fictitious site "mysports.com" have a "futbol.html" page, and then yesterday Messi gets injured and they have another thing to put in that page, then I presume they post the new item in their CMS system, and automatically a publishing action is triggered aftewards that recreates "futbol.html" in a CDN with the new item and probably discard the oldest one. Then the ETag changes and clients will get the new page if they try to access it. (the site is fictitious but this is what I believe happened yesterday in the sports site I read) This would fit in the CQRS approach, and I presume they have a huge performance. I know lots of CMS (WP, Drupal, BlogEngine.net, DNN, etc...), but I have never seen any able of doing this, or at least, I was not aware this feautre. How are called those distributed CMS? Which are the most well known? Cheers.

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• Headphones not working in ubuntu 12.04LTS

  - by mursalat

  So after a million warnings about not supported ubuntu OS, last night I finally upgraded to 12.04 - went somewhat smoothly (sadly) After my installation I got all excited with the exciting new look when I login, and all the new shebang, gently I installed chrome and went to youtube to check out some of my music and test flash in the process, now the sound worked awesomely, however when I plugged in my headphones, I could hear only a buzz-like sound when the base drops or there is a loud noise, maybe I didn't hear it from the headphones, but some other source. However sadly my headphones are not working, and I am a noob at fixing these stuff on Ubuntu. I've done loads of programming but when it comes to linux drivers and settings I seem to get frustrated. So I would really appreciate any help people! IN SUMMARY: My headphones are not working, my laptop's internal speakers are working awesome. To be as helpful as I can I have pasted the output from lspci -v to http://pastebin.com/VQNzDkZs I have also checked the volume levels from alsamixer and none are on mute. If you need any more information, please just ask, and I will be checking this post every 3 to 4 hours! Cheers!

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• Cloning from a given point in the snapshot tree

  - by Fat Bloke

  Although we have just released VirtualBox 4.3, this quick blog entry is about a longer standing ability of VirtualBox when it comes to Snapshots and Cloning, and was prompted by a question posed internally, here in Oracle: "Is there a way I can create a new VM from a point in my snapshot tree?". Here's the scenario: Let's say you have your favourite work VM which is Oracle Linux based and as you installed different packages, such as database, middleware, and the apps, you took snapshots at each point like this: But you then need to create a new VM for some other testing or to share with a colleague who will be using the same Linux and Database layers but may want to reconfigure the Middleware tier, and may want to install his own Apps. All you have to do is right click on the snapshot that you're happy with and clone: Give the VM that you are about to create a name, and if you plan to use it on the same host machine as the original VM, it's a good idea to "Reinitialize the MAC address" so there's no clash on the same network: Now choose the Clone type. If you plan to use this new VM on the same host as the original, you can use Linked Cloning else choose Full.  At this point you now have a choice about what to do about your snapshot tree. In our example, we're happy with the Linux and Database layers, but we may want to allow our colleague to change the upper tiers, with the option of reverting back to our known-good state, so we'll retain the snapshot data in the new VM from this point on: The cloning process then chugs along and may take a while if you chose a Full Clone: Finally, the newly cloned VM is ready with the subset of the Snapshot tree that we wanted to retain: Pretty powerful, and very useful.  Cheers, -FB 

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• Google Music Player doesn't work

  - by EricoPF

  I'm trying to log in on Google Music Player application but doesn't work. I get the message below: Login Failed Could not identify your computer. Learn More On Google Help it says that it doesn't run on virtual machines, which is not my case, but I have a virtualbox installed though, and it says some people get to work if they disable their bridge network. The thing is I don't have any bridge interface, even if I remove all virtualbox modules I still get this message. This is my ifconfig output: lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:15374 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:15374 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:1455889 (1.4 MB) TX bytes:1455889 (1.4 MB) wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 94:db:c9:b2:1b:d7 inet addr:192.168.1.100 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::96db:c9ff:feb2:1bd7/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:828467 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:568040 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1086663025 (1.0 GB) TX bytes:72984931 (72.9 MB) Any ideias ? Thanks guys! Cheers.

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• Site experiencing low traffic volume between 8AM and 4PM BST

  - by BizNuge

  There may be no definitive answer to this question but I thought peer review of the problem might stimulate some ideas on the topic. We have a boutique sales site that is experiencing low volumes of traffic (both UK and international) between 8AM and 4PM BST. This seems sort of strange since our target audience for the site is UK based, and this would seem to be when people are awake and online. We are in contact with another boutique site in the same sector who don't experience this issue, so it seems kinda strange. Later on in the day we are getting traffic from the UK, as well as a fair amount of international traffic, so I'm at a loss to figure this one out. The site is fairly well optimised including:- sitemap.xml Proper caching policies across the board google merchant dublin core microdata html5 pretty urls meta and content are reviewed as an ongoing concern we have decent sitelinks for direct queries thru google on the site name a decent amount of inbound links FB, Twitter, Google +1 Google maps listing [verified] site has been selling for ~4 months and is getting ~250 users per day. So I'm not entirely sure how to explain the mid day dip in our figures.... Any ideas at all would be useful. Cheers all!

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• Evaluating this huge .... thing? [closed]

  - by Shark

  I'll just leave this here: superTiled = ((((gctUINT32) (hardware->chipMinorFeatures)) >> (0 ? 12:12) & ((gctUINT32) ((((1 ? 12:12) - (0 ? 12:12) + 1) == 32) ? ~0 : (~(~0 << ((1 ? 12:12) - (0 ? 12:12) + 1)))))) == (0x1 & ((gctUINT32) ((((1 ? 12:12) - (0 ? 12:12) + 1) == 32) ? ~0 : (~(~0 << ((1 ? 12:12) - (0 ? 12:12) + 1))))))); If you can break it down into 'steps' or a single numeric value - props to you :) I see that this is generated/ unwrapped macros code but .... can't really wrap around it atm. The first person that breaks this down / simplifies it a bit gets to know which driver i found it in. Cheers :)

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• Thinktecture.IdentityModel: WIF Support for WCF REST Services and OData

  - by Your DisplayName here!

  The latest drop of Thinktecture.IdentityModel includes plumbing and support for WIF, claims and tokens for WCF REST services and Data Services (aka OData). Cibrax has an alternative implementation that uses the WCF Rest Starter Kit. His recent post reminded me that I should finally “document” that part of our library. Features include: generic plumbing for all WebServiceHost derived WCF services support for SAML and SWT tokens support for ClaimsAuthenticationManager and ClaimsAuthorizationManager based solely on native WCF extensibility points (and WIF) This post walks you through the setup of an OData / WCF DataServices endpoint with token authentication and claims support. This sample is also included in the codeplex download along a similar sample for plain WCF REST services. Setting up the Data Service To prove the point I have created a simple WCF Data Service that renders the claims of the current client as an OData set. public class ClaimsData {     public IQueryable<ViewClaim> Claims     {         get { return GetClaims().AsQueryable(); }     }       private List<ViewClaim> GetClaims()     {         var claims = new List<ViewClaim>();         var identity = Thread.CurrentPrincipal.Identity as IClaimsIdentity;           int id = 0;         identity.Claims.ToList().ForEach(claim =>             {                 claims.Add(new ViewClaim                 {                    Id = ++id,                    ClaimType = claim.ClaimType,                    Value = claim.Value,                    Issuer = claim.Issuer                 });             });           return claims;     } } …and hooked that up with a read only data service: public class ClaimsDataService : DataService<ClaimsData> {     public static void InitializeService(IDataServiceConfiguration config)     {         config.SetEntitySetAccessRule("*", EntitySetRights.AllRead);     } } Enabling WIF Before you enable WIF, you should generate your client proxies. Afterwards the service will only accept requests with an access token – and svcutil does not support that. All the WIF magic is done in a special service authorization manager called the FederatedWebServiceAuthorizationManager. This code checks incoming calls to see if the Authorization HTTP header (or X-Authorization for environments where you are not allowed to set the authorization header) contains a token. This header must either start with SAML access_token= or WRAP access_token= (for SAML or SWT tokens respectively). For SAML validation, the plumbing uses the normal WIF configuration. For SWT you can either pass in a SimpleWebTokenRequirement or the SwtIssuer, SwtAudience and SwtSigningKey app settings are checked.If the token can be successfully validated, ClaimsAuthenticationManager and ClaimsAuthorizationManager are invoked and the IClaimsPrincipal gets established. The service authorization manager gets wired up by the FederatedWebServiceHostFactory: public class FederatedWebServiceHostFactory : WebServiceHostFactory {     protected override ServiceHost CreateServiceHost(       Type serviceType, Uri[] baseAddresses)     {         var host = base.CreateServiceHost(serviceType, baseAddresses);           host.Authorization.ServiceAuthorizationManager =           new FederatedWebServiceAuthorizationManager();         host.Authorization.PrincipalPermissionMode = PrincipalPermissionMode.Custom;           return host;     } } The last step is to set up the .svc file to use the service host factory (see the sample download). Calling the Service To call the service you need to somehow get a token. This is up to you. You can either use WSTrustChannelFactory (for the full CLR), WSTrustClient (Silverlight) or some other way to obtain a token. The sample also includes code to generate SWT tokens for testing – but the whole WRAP/SWT support will be subject of a separate post. I created some extensions methods for the most common web clients (WebClient, HttpWebRequest, DataServiceContext) that allow easy setting of the token, e.g.: public static void SetAccessToken(this DataServiceContext context,   string token, string type, string headerName) {     context.SendingRequest += (s, e) =>     {         e.RequestHeaders[headerName] = GetHeader(token, type);     }; } Making a query against the Data Service could look like this: static void CallService(string token, string type) {     var data = new ClaimsData(new Uri("https://server/odata.svc/"));     data.SetAccessToken(token, type);       data.Claims.ToList().ForEach(c =>         Console.WriteLine("{0}\n {1}\n ({2})\n", c.ClaimType, c.Value, c.Issuer)); } HTH

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• Login loop in Snow Leopard

  - by hgpc

  I can't get out of a login loop of a particular admin user. After entering the password the login screen is shown again after about a minute. Other users work fine. It started happening after a simple reboot. Can you please help me? Thank you! Tried to no avail: Change the password Remove the password Repair disk (no errors) Boot in safe mode Reinstall Snow Leopard and updating to 10.6.6 Remove content of ~/Library/Caches Removed content of ~/Library/Preferences Replaced /etc/authorization with Install DVD copy The system.log mentions a crash report. I'm including both below. system.log Jan 8 02:43:30 loginwindow218: Login Window - Returned from Security Agent Jan 8 02:43:30 loginwindow218: USER_PROCESS: 218 console Jan 8 02:44:42 kernel[0]: Jan 8 02:44:43: --- last message repeated 1 time --- Jan 8 02:44:43 com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.loginwindow218): Job appears to have crashed: Bus error Jan 8 02:44:43 com.apple.UserEventAgent-LoginWindow223: ALF error: cannot find useragent 1102 Jan 8 02:44:43 com.apple.UserEventAgent-LoginWindow223: plugin.UserEventAgentFactory: called with typeID=FC86416D-6164-2070-726F-70735C216EC0 Jan 8 02:44:43 /System/Library/CoreServices/loginwindow.app/Contents/MacOS/loginwindow233: Login Window Application Started Jan 8 02:44:43 SecurityAgent228: CGSShutdownServerConnections: Detaching application from window server Jan 8 02:44:43 com.apple.ReportCrash.Root232: 2011-01-08 02:44:43.936 ReportCrash232:2903 Saved crash report for loginwindow218 version ??? (???) to /Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports/loginwindow_2011-01-08-024443_localhost.crash Jan 8 02:44:44 SecurityAgent228: MIG: server died: CGSReleaseShmem : Cannot release shared memory Jan 8 02:44:44 SecurityAgent228: kCGErrorFailure: Set a breakpoint @ CGErrorBreakpoint() to catch errors as they are logged. Jan 8 02:44:44 SecurityAgent228: CGSDisplayServerShutdown: Detaching display subsystem from window server Jan 8 02:44:44 SecurityAgent228: HIToolbox: received notification of WindowServer event port death. Jan 8 02:44:44 SecurityAgent228: port matched the WindowServer port created in BindCGSToRunLoop Jan 8 02:44:44 loginwindow233: Login Window Started Security Agent Jan 8 02:44:44 WindowServer234: kCGErrorFailure: Set a breakpoint @ CGErrorBreakpoint() to catch errors as they are logged. Jan 8 02:44:44 com.apple.WindowServer234: Sat Jan 8 02:44:44 .local WindowServer234 <Error>: kCGErrorFailure: Set a breakpoint @ CGErrorBreakpoint() to catch errors as they are logged. Jan 8 02:44:54 SecurityAgent243: NSSecureTextFieldCell detected a field editor ((null)) that is not a NSTextView subclass designed to work with the cell. Ignoring... Crash report Process: loginwindow 218 Path: /System/Library/CoreServices/loginwindow.app/Contents/MacOS/loginwindow Identifier: loginwindow Version: ??? (???) Code Type: X86-64 (Native) Parent Process: launchd [1] Date/Time: 2011-01-08 02:44:42.748 +0100 OS Version: Mac OS X 10.6.6 (10J567) Report Version: 6 Exception Type: EXC_BAD_ACCESS (SIGBUS) Exception Codes: 0x000000000000000a, 0x000000010075b000 Crashed Thread: 0 Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread Thread 0 Crashed: Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread 0 com.apple.security 0x00007fff801c6e8b Security::ReadSection::at(unsigned int) const + 25 1 com.apple.security 0x00007fff801c632f Security::DbVersion::open() + 123 2 com.apple.security 0x00007fff801c5e41 Security::DbVersion::DbVersion(Security::AppleDatabase const&, Security::RefPointer<Security::AtomicBufferedFile> const&) + 179 3 com.apple.security 0x00007fff801c594e Security::DbModifier::getDbVersion(bool) + 330 4 com.apple.security 0x00007fff801c57f5 Security::DbModifier::openDatabase() + 33 5 com.apple.security 0x00007fff801c5439 Security::Database::_dbOpen(Security::DatabaseSession&, unsigned int, Security::AccessCredentials const*, void const*) + 221 6 com.apple.security 0x00007fff801c4841 Security::DatabaseManager::dbOpen(Security::DatabaseSession&, Security::DbName const&, unsigned int, Security::AccessCredentials const*, void const*) + 77 7 com.apple.security 0x00007fff801c4723 Security::DatabaseSession::DbOpen(char const*, cssm_net_address const*, unsigned int, Security::AccessCredentials const*, void const*, long&) + 285 8 com.apple.security 0x00007fff801d8414 cssm_DbOpen(long, char const*, cssm_net_address const*, unsigned int, cssm_access_credentials const*, void const*, long*) + 108 9 com.apple.security 0x00007fff801d7fba CSSM_DL_DbOpen + 106 10 com.apple.security 0x00007fff801d62f6 Security::CssmClient::DbImpl::open() + 162 11 com.apple.security 0x00007fff801d8977 SSDatabaseImpl::open(Security::DLDbIdentifier const&) + 53 12 com.apple.security 0x00007fff801d8715 SSDLSession::DbOpen(char const*, cssm_net_address const*, unsigned int, Security::AccessCredentials const*, void const*, long&) + 263 13 com.apple.security 0x00007fff801d8414 cssm_DbOpen(long, char const*, cssm_net_address const*, unsigned int, cssm_access_credentials const*, void const*, long*) + 108 14 com.apple.security 0x00007fff801d7fba CSSM_DL_DbOpen + 106 15 com.apple.security 0x00007fff801d62f6 Security::CssmClient::DbImpl::open() + 162 16 com.apple.security 0x00007fff802fa786 Security::CssmClient::DbImpl::unlock(cssm_data const&) + 28 17 com.apple.security 0x00007fff80275b5d Security::KeychainCore::KeychainImpl::unlock(Security::CssmData const&) + 89 18 com.apple.security 0x00007fff80291a06 Security::KeychainCore::StorageManager::login(unsigned int, void const*, unsigned int, void const*) + 3336 19 com.apple.security 0x00007fff802854d3 SecKeychainLogin + 91 20 com.apple.loginwindow 0x000000010000dfc5 0x100000000 + 57285 21 com.apple.loginwindow 0x000000010000cfb4 0x100000000 + 53172 22 com.apple.Foundation 0x00007fff8721e44f __NSThreadPerformPerform + 219 23 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82627401 __CFRunLoopDoSources0 + 1361 24 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff826255f9 __CFRunLoopRun + 873 25 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82624dbf CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 575 26 com.apple.HIToolbox 0x00007fff8444493a RunCurrentEventLoopInMode + 333 27 com.apple.HIToolbox 0x00007fff8444473f ReceiveNextEventCommon + 310 28 com.apple.HIToolbox 0x00007fff844445f8 BlockUntilNextEventMatchingListInMode + 59 29 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff80b01e64 _DPSNextEvent + 718 30 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff80b017a9 -NSApplication nextEventMatchingMask:untilDate:inMode:dequeue: + 155 31 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff80ac748b -NSApplication run + 395 32 com.apple.loginwindow 0x0000000100004b16 0x100000000 + 19222 33 com.apple.loginwindow 0x0000000100004580 0x100000000 + 17792 Thread 1: Dispatch queue: com.apple.libdispatch-manager 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8755216a kevent + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8755403d _dispatch_mgr_invoke + 154 2 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff87553d14 _dispatch_queue_invoke + 185 3 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8755383e _dispatch_worker_thread2 + 252 4 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff87553168 _pthread_wqthread + 353 5 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff87553005 start_wqthread + 13 Thread 0 crashed with X86 Thread State (64-bit): rax: 0x000000010075b000 rbx: 0x00007fff5fbfd990 rcx: 0x00007fff875439da rdx: 0x0000000000000000 rdi: 0x00007fff5fbfd990 rsi: 0x0000000000000000 rbp: 0x00007fff5fbfd5d0 rsp: 0x00007fff5fbfd5d0 r8: 0x0000000000000007 r9: 0x0000000000000000 r10: 0x00007fff8753beda r11: 0x0000000000000202 r12: 0x0000000100133e78 r13: 0x00007fff5fbfda50 r14: 0x00007fff5fbfda50 r15: 0x00007fff5fbfdaa0 rip: 0x00007fff801c6e8b rfl: 0x0000000000010287 cr2: 0x000000010075b000

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• ASP.NET WebAPI Security 3: Extensible Authentication Framework

  - by Your DisplayName here!

  In my last post, I described the identity architecture of ASP.NET Web API. The short version was, that Web API (beta 1) does not really have an authentication system on its own, but inherits the client security context from its host. This is fine in many situations (e.g. AJAX style callbacks with an already established logon session). But there are many cases where you don’t use the containing web application for authentication, but need to do it yourself. Examples of that would be token based authentication and clients that don’t run in the context of the web application (e.g. desktop clients / mobile). Since Web API provides a nice extensibility model, it is easy to implement whatever security framework you want on top of it. My design goals were: Easy to use. Extensible. Claims-based. ..and of course, this should always behave the same, regardless of the hosting environment. In the rest of the post I am outlining some of the bits and pieces, So you know what you are dealing with, in case you want to try the code. At the very heart… is a so called message handler. This is a Web API extensibility point that gets to see (and modify if needed) all incoming and outgoing requests. Handlers run after the conversion from host to Web API, which means that handler code deals with HttpRequestMessage and HttpResponseMessage. See Pedro’s post for more information on the processing pipeline. This handler requires a configuration object for initialization. Currently this is very simple, it contains: Settings for the various authentication and credential types Settings for claims transformation Ability to block identity inheritance from host The most important part here is the credential type support, but I will come back to that later. The logic of the message handler is simple: Look at the incoming request. If the request contains an authorization header, try to authenticate the client. If this is successful, create a claims principal and populate the usual places. If not, return a 401 status code and set the Www-Authenticate header. Look at outgoing response, if the status code is 401, set the Www-Authenticate header. Credential type support Under the covers I use the WIF security token handler infrastructure to validate credentials and to turn security tokens into claims. The idea is simple: an authorization header consists of two pieces: the schema and the actual “token”. My configuration object allows to associate a security token handler with a scheme. This way you only need to implement support for a specific credential type, and map that to the incoming scheme value. The current version supports HTTP Basic Authentication as well as SAML and SWT tokens. (I needed to do some surgery on the standard security token handlers, since WIF does not directly support string-ified tokens. The next version of .NET will fix that, and the code should become simpler then). You can e.g. use this code to hook up a username/password handler to the Basic scheme (the default scheme name for Basic Authentication). config.Handler.AddBasicAuthenticationHandler( (username, password) => username == password); You simply have to provide a password validation function which could of course point back to your existing password library or e.g. membership. The following code maps a token handler for Simple Web Tokens (SWT) to the Bearer scheme (the currently favoured scheme name for OAuth2). You simply have to specify the issuer name, realm and shared signature key: config.Handler.AddSimpleWebTokenHandler(     "Bearer",     http://identity.thinktecture.com/trust,     Constants.Realm,     "Dc9Mpi3jaaaUpBQpa/4R7XtUsa3D/ALSjTVvK8IUZbg="); For certain integration scenarios it is very useful if your Web API can consume SAML tokens. This is also easily accomplishable. The following code uses the standard WIF API to configure the usual SAMLisms like issuer, audience, service certificate and certificate validation. Both SAML 1.1 and 2.0 are supported. var registry = new ConfigurationBasedIssuerNameRegistry(); registry.AddTrustedIssuer( "d1 c5 b1 25 97 d0 36 94 65 1c e2 64 fe 48 06 01 35 f7 bd db", "ADFS"); var adfsConfig = new SecurityTokenHandlerConfiguration(); adfsConfig.AudienceRestriction.AllowedAudienceUris.Add( new Uri(Constants.Realm)); adfsConfig.IssuerNameRegistry = registry; adfsConfig.CertificateValidator = X509CertificateValidator.None; // token decryption (read from configuration section) adfsConfig.ServiceTokenResolver = FederatedAuthentication.ServiceConfiguration.CreateAggregateTokenResolver(); config.Handler.AddSaml11SecurityTokenHandler("SAML", adfsConfig); Claims Transformation After successful authentication, if configured, the standard WIF ClaimsAuthenticationManager is called to run claims transformation and validation logic. This stage is used to transform the “technical” claims from the security token into application claims. You can either have a separate transformation logic, or share on e.g. with the containing web application. That’s just a matter of configuration. Adding the authentication handler to a Web API application In the spirit of Web API this is done in code, e.g. global.asax for web hosting: protected void Application_Start() {     AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();     ConfigureApis(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration);     RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters);     RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);     BundleTable.Bundles.RegisterTemplateBundles(); } private void ConfigureApis(HttpConfiguration configuration) {     configuration.MessageHandlers.Add( new AuthenticationHandler(ConfigureAuthentication())); } private AuthenticationConfiguration ConfigureAuthentication() {     var config = new AuthenticationConfiguration     {         // sample claims transformation for consultants sample, comment out to see raw claims         ClaimsAuthenticationManager = new ApiClaimsTransformer(),         // value of the www-authenticate header, // if not set, the first scheme added to the handler collection is used         DefaultAuthenticationScheme = "Basic"     };     // add token handlers - see above     return config; } You can find the full source code and some samples here. In the next post I will describe some of the samples in the download, and then move on to authorization. HTH

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• Protecting Cookies: Once and For All

  - by Your DisplayName here!

  Every once in a while you run into a situation where you need to temporarily store data for a user in a web app. You typically have two options here – either store server-side or put the data into a cookie (if size permits). When you need web farm compatibility in addition – things become a little bit more complicated because the data needs to be available on all nodes. In my case I went for a cookie – but I had some requirements Cookie must be protected from eavesdropping (sent only over SSL) and client script Cookie must be encrypted and signed to be protected from tampering with Cookie might become bigger than 4KB – some sort of overflow mechanism would be nice I really didn’t want to implement another cookie protection mechanism – this feels wrong and btw can go wrong as well. WIF to the rescue. The session management feature already implements the above requirements but is built around de/serializing IClaimsPrincipals into cookies and back. But if you go one level deeper you will find the CookieHandler and CookieTransform classes which contain all the needed functionality. public class ProtectedCookie {     private List<CookieTransform> _transforms;     private ChunkedCookieHandler _handler = new ChunkedCookieHandler();     // DPAPI protection (single server)     public ProtectedCookie()     {         _transforms = new List<CookieTransform>             {                 new DeflateCookieTransform(),                 new ProtectedDataCookieTransform()             };     }     // RSA protection (load balanced)     public ProtectedCookie(X509Certificate2 protectionCertificate)     {         _transforms = new List<CookieTransform>             {                 new DeflateCookieTransform(),                 new RsaSignatureCookieTransform(protectionCertificate),                 new RsaEncryptionCookieTransform(protectionCertificate)             };     }     // custom transform pipeline     public ProtectedCookie(List<CookieTransform> transforms)     {         _transforms = transforms;     }     public void Write(string name, string value, DateTime expirationTime)     {         byte[] encodedBytes = EncodeCookieValue(value);         _handler.Write(encodedBytes, name, expirationTime);     }     public void Write(string name, string value, DateTime expirationTime, string domain, string path)     {         byte[] encodedBytes = EncodeCookieValue(value);         _handler.Write(encodedBytes, name, path, domain, expirationTime, true, true, HttpContext.Current);     }     public string Read(string name)     {         var bytes = _handler.Read(name);         if (bytes == null || bytes.Length == 0)         {             return null;         }         return DecodeCookieValue(bytes);     }     public void Delete(string name)     {         _handler.Delete(name);     }     protected virtual byte[] EncodeCookieValue(string value)     {         var bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(value);         byte[] buffer = bytes;         foreach (var transform in _transforms)         {             buffer = transform.Encode(buffer);         }         return buffer;     }     protected virtual string DecodeCookieValue(byte[] bytes)     {         var buffer = bytes;         for (int i = _transforms.Count; i > 0; i—)         {             buffer = _transforms[i - 1].Decode(buffer);         }         return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer);     } } HTH

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• .Net DataGridView "Index 0 does not have a value."

  - by Ben

  I am having trouble with a DataGridView. I have a collection of 3 Items bound to the grid, when trying to delete one of the items and reload the grid. If have code of If (dlg.ShowDialog() = DialogResult.OK) Then 'Show dialog with grid on it End If On the opened dialog, I delete an item from the grid (which should in turn, delete the item from the collection, and re-load the grid), and it returns to the "If (dlg.show..." line, with the error of "A first chance exception of type 'System.IndexOutOfRangeException' occurred in System.Windows.Forms.dll Additional information: Index 2 does not have a value. " (I have break into debugger set on for common language runtime errors) I can understand this error if i were trying to access any cells, row or columns, but im not, and then I would expect the exception to stop on the line of code that is trying to access this grid data, not the "If (dlg.ShowDialog()... " line Any ideas? Cheers

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• UISplitViewController. Can we hide/show the master view?

  - by dugla

  I would like to use a UISplitViewController in a slightly different way then is common. Because my iPad app is fullscreen app I would like the ability to hide/show the master view when in landscape mode. Portrait view is not an issue since the master view transforms into a popover which can be hidden via the toolbar button. Is there a method on UISplitViewController that will nicely hide the master view and expand the detail view? Any insight would be most appreciated. Cheers. Thanks, Doug

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