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  • Use a named custom column in SQL 2005 in WHERE clause?

    - by Orange Kid
    Can I name a custom column in the SELECT statement and reference that in the WHERE clause without duplicating code? For example; SELECT RIGHT(REPLICATE('0', 5) + RTRIM(SOME_ID)), 5) AS DISPLAY_ID FROM dbo.MY_TABLE WHERE DISPLAY_ID LIKE '%005%' Only much more complicated. I want to maintain this code in one place only but SQL Server 2005 forces me to duplicate the custom SELECT in the WHERE clause. I believe this was possible in Microsoft SQL Server 2000 but no longer in 2005. Thanks.

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  • Could someone tell me if my C++ indent style is named? (example given)

    - by Maulrus
    I'm learning C++. For me, my programming style is just what looks the best; it doesn't seem to follow the rules of any one particular style. Here's an example void f(int x){ //no space between close-paren and bracket if (!x){ cout << "x is non-zero\n"; } //closing bracket indented to the same level as the original statement } It's only slightly different for something like a class or a namespace: class myClass {}; //space between class name and bracket, otherwise the same as functions K&R style does uses that kind of bracketing for statements, but my style uses it for everything. I'd like to know if there's a name for it so I can say simply what my indent style is without having to explain using examples like these.

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  • CENTOS Named (BIND DNS) and OPENVPN - How to allow VPN clients to Connect to BIND as DNS

    - by David
    Hi, I have setup OpenVPN. All seems to be working fine except that Name Lookups are not done via the BIND DNS server on the server. I have added push "redirect-gateway def1" and push "dhcp-option DNS 10.8.0.1" to the OpenVPN server config. It does seem like this is being pushed to the Client. The problem however is that I believe the BIND DNS is not allowing the Client to connect and do name lookups. How do I go about configuring BIND to allow connections from the VPN clients?

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  • How can I remove all classes that are not named "message" from an element?

    - by Marilou
    I have the following: <div id="abc"> </div> Inside that div there can be one only of the following: <p class="message"> <p class="message error"></p> <p class="message warning"></p> <p class="message success"></p> <p class="message loading"></p> Is there a way that I can find and remove only the class from the <p> element that's NOT "message". I realize I could remove everything and then add what I need with .removeClass() but this won't work for me as after I previously added the message class I did some CSS changes and these will be lost if I remove all and then add again the message class.

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  • New features of C# 4.0

    This article covers New features of C# 4.0. Article has been divided into below sections. Introduction. Dynamic Lookup. Named and Optional Arguments. Features for COM interop. Variance. Relationship with Visual Basic. Resources. Other interested readings… 22 New Features of Visual Studio 2008 for .NET Professionals 50 New Features of SQL Server 2008 IIS 7.0 New features Introduction It is now close to a year since Microsoft Visual C# 3.0 shipped as part of Visual Studio 2008. In the VS Managed Languages team we are hard at work on creating the next version of the language (with the unsurprising working title of C# 4.0), and this document is a first public description of the planned language features as we currently see them. Please be advised that all this is in early stages of production and is subject to change. Part of the reason for sharing our plans in public so early is precisely to get the kind of feedback that will cause us to improve the final product before it rolls out. Simultaneously with the publication of this whitepaper, a first public CTP (community technology preview) of Visual Studio 2010 is going out as a Virtual PC image for everyone to try. Please use it to play and experiment with the features, and let us know of any thoughts you have. We ask for your understanding and patience working with very early bits, where especially new or newly implemented features do not have the quality or stability of a final product. The aim of the CTP is not to give you a productive work environment but to give you the best possible impression of what we are working on for the next release. The CTP contains a number of walkthroughs, some of which highlight the new language features of C# 4.0. Those are excellent for getting a hands-on guided tour through the details of some common scenarios for the features. You may consider this whitepaper a companion document to these walkthroughs, complementing them with a focus on the overall language features and how they work, as opposed to the specifics of the concrete scenarios. C# 4.0 The major theme for C# 4.0 is dynamic programming. Increasingly, objects are “dynamic” in the sense that their structure and behavior is not captured by a static type, or at least not one that the compiler knows about when compiling your program. Some examples include a. objects from dynamic programming languages, such as Python or Ruby b. COM objects accessed through IDispatch c. ordinary .NET types accessed through reflection d. objects with changing structure, such as HTML DOM objects While C# remains a statically typed language, we aim to vastly improve the interaction with such objects. A secondary theme is co-evolution with Visual Basic. Going forward we will aim to maintain the individual character of each language, but at the same time important new features should be introduced in both languages at the same time. They should be differentiated more by style and feel than by feature set. The new features in C# 4.0 fall into four groups: Dynamic lookup Dynamic lookup allows you to write method, operator and indexer calls, property and field accesses, and even object invocations which bypass the C# static type checking and instead gets resolved at runtime. Named and optional parameters Parameters in C# can now be specified as optional by providing a default value for them in a member declaration. When the member is invoked, optional arguments can be omitted. Furthermore, any argument can be passed by parameter name instead of position. COM specific interop features Dynamic lookup as well as named and optional parameters both help making programming against COM less painful than today. On top of that, however, we are adding a number of other small features that further improve the interop experience. Variance It used to be that an IEnumerable<string> wasn’t an IEnumerable<object>. Now it is – C# embraces type safe “co-and contravariance” and common BCL types are updated to take advantage of that. Dynamic Lookup Dynamic lookup allows you a unified approach to invoking things dynamically. With dynamic lookup, when you have an object in your hand you do not need to worry about whether it comes from COM, IronPython, the HTML DOM or reflection; you just apply operations to it and leave it to the runtime to figure out what exactly those operations mean for that particular object. This affords you enormous flexibility, and can greatly simplify your code, but it does come with a significant drawback: Static typing is not maintained for these operations. A dynamic object is assumed at compile time to support any operation, and only at runtime will you get an error if it wasn’t so. Oftentimes this will be no loss, because the object wouldn’t have a static type anyway, in other cases it is a tradeoff between brevity and safety. In order to facilitate this tradeoff, it is a design goal of C# to allow you to opt in or opt out of dynamic behavior on every single call. The dynamic type C# 4.0 introduces a new static type called dynamic. When you have an object of type dynamic you can “do things to it” that are resolved only at runtime: dynamic d = GetDynamicObject(…); d.M(7); The C# compiler allows you to call a method with any name and any arguments on d because it is of type dynamic. At runtime the actual object that d refers to will be examined to determine what it means to “call M with an int” on it. The type dynamic can be thought of as a special version of the type object, which signals that the object can be used dynamically. It is easy to opt in or out of dynamic behavior: any object can be implicitly converted to dynamic, “suspending belief” until runtime. Conversely, there is an “assignment conversion” from dynamic to any other type, which allows implicit conversion in assignment-like constructs: dynamic d = 7; // implicit conversion int i = d; // assignment conversion Dynamic operations Not only method calls, but also field and property accesses, indexer and operator calls and even delegate invocations can be dispatched dynamically: dynamic d = GetDynamicObject(…); d.M(7); // calling methods d.f = d.P; // getting and settings fields and properties d[“one”] = d[“two”]; // getting and setting thorugh indexers int i = d + 3; // calling operators string s = d(5,7); // invoking as a delegate The role of the C# compiler here is simply to package up the necessary information about “what is being done to d”, so that the runtime can pick it up and determine what the exact meaning of it is given an actual object d. Think of it as deferring part of the compiler’s job to runtime. The result of any dynamic operation is itself of type dynamic. Runtime lookup At runtime a dynamic operation is dispatched according to the nature of its target object d: COM objects If d is a COM object, the operation is dispatched dynamically through COM IDispatch. This allows calling to COM types that don’t have a Primary Interop Assembly (PIA), and relying on COM features that don’t have a counterpart in C#, such as indexed properties and default properties. Dynamic objects If d implements the interface IDynamicObject d itself is asked to perform the operation. Thus by implementing IDynamicObject a type can completely redefine the meaning of dynamic operations. This is used intensively by dynamic languages such as IronPython and IronRuby to implement their own dynamic object models. It will also be used by APIs, e.g. by the HTML DOM to allow direct access to the object’s properties using property syntax. Plain objects Otherwise d is a standard .NET object, and the operation will be dispatched using reflection on its type and a C# “runtime binder” which implements C#’s lookup and overload resolution semantics at runtime. This is essentially a part of the C# compiler running as a runtime component to “finish the work” on dynamic operations that was deferred by the static compiler. Example Assume the following code: dynamic d1 = new Foo(); dynamic d2 = new Bar(); string s; d1.M(s, d2, 3, null); Because the receiver of the call to M is dynamic, the C# compiler does not try to resolve the meaning of the call. Instead it stashes away information for the runtime about the call. This information (often referred to as the “payload”) is essentially equivalent to: “Perform an instance method call of M with the following arguments: 1. a string 2. a dynamic 3. a literal int 3 4. a literal object null” At runtime, assume that the actual type Foo of d1 is not a COM type and does not implement IDynamicObject. In this case the C# runtime binder picks up to finish the overload resolution job based on runtime type information, proceeding as follows: 1. Reflection is used to obtain the actual runtime types of the two objects, d1 and d2, that did not have a static type (or rather had the static type dynamic). The result is Foo for d1 and Bar for d2. 2. Method lookup and overload resolution is performed on the type Foo with the call M(string,Bar,3,null) using ordinary C# semantics. 3. If the method is found it is invoked; otherwise a runtime exception is thrown. Overload resolution with dynamic arguments Even if the receiver of a method call is of a static type, overload resolution can still happen at runtime. This can happen if one or more of the arguments have the type dynamic: Foo foo = new Foo(); dynamic d = new Bar(); var result = foo.M(d); The C# runtime binder will choose between the statically known overloads of M on Foo, based on the runtime type of d, namely Bar. The result is again of type dynamic. The Dynamic Language Runtime An important component in the underlying implementation of dynamic lookup is the Dynamic Language Runtime (DLR), which is a new API in .NET 4.0. The DLR provides most of the infrastructure behind not only C# dynamic lookup but also the implementation of several dynamic programming languages on .NET, such as IronPython and IronRuby. Through this common infrastructure a high degree of interoperability is ensured, but just as importantly the DLR provides excellent caching mechanisms which serve to greatly enhance the efficiency of runtime dispatch. To the user of dynamic lookup in C#, the DLR is invisible except for the improved efficiency. However, if you want to implement your own dynamically dispatched objects, the IDynamicObject interface allows you to interoperate with the DLR and plug in your own behavior. This is a rather advanced task, which requires you to understand a good deal more about the inner workings of the DLR. For API writers, however, it can definitely be worth the trouble in order to vastly improve the usability of e.g. a library representing an inherently dynamic domain. Open issues There are a few limitations and things that might work differently than you would expect. · The DLR allows objects to be created from objects that represent classes. However, the current implementation of C# doesn’t have syntax to support this. · Dynamic lookup will not be able to find extension methods. Whether extension methods apply or not depends on the static context of the call (i.e. which using clauses occur), and this context information is not currently kept as part of the payload. · Anonymous functions (i.e. lambda expressions) cannot appear as arguments to a dynamic method call. The compiler cannot bind (i.e. “understand”) an anonymous function without knowing what type it is converted to. One consequence of these limitations is that you cannot easily use LINQ queries over dynamic objects: dynamic collection = …; var result = collection.Select(e => e + 5); If the Select method is an extension method, dynamic lookup will not find it. Even if it is an instance method, the above does not compile, because a lambda expression cannot be passed as an argument to a dynamic operation. There are no plans to address these limitations in C# 4.0. Named and Optional Arguments Named and optional parameters are really two distinct features, but are often useful together. Optional parameters allow you to omit arguments to member invocations, whereas named arguments is a way to provide an argument using the name of the corresponding parameter instead of relying on its position in the parameter list. Some APIs, most notably COM interfaces such as the Office automation APIs, are written specifically with named and optional parameters in mind. Up until now it has been very painful to call into these APIs from C#, with sometimes as many as thirty arguments having to be explicitly passed, most of which have reasonable default values and could be omitted. Even in APIs for .NET however you sometimes find yourself compelled to write many overloads of a method with different combinations of parameters, in order to provide maximum usability to the callers. Optional parameters are a useful alternative for these situations. Optional parameters A parameter is declared optional simply by providing a default value for it: public void M(int x, int y = 5, int z = 7); Here y and z are optional parameters and can be omitted in calls: M(1, 2, 3); // ordinary call of M M(1, 2); // omitting z – equivalent to M(1, 2, 7) M(1); // omitting both y and z – equivalent to M(1, 5, 7) Named and optional arguments C# 4.0 does not permit you to omit arguments between commas as in M(1,,3). This could lead to highly unreadable comma-counting code. Instead any argument can be passed by name. Thus if you want to omit only y from a call of M you can write: M(1, z: 3); // passing z by name or M(x: 1, z: 3); // passing both x and z by name or even M(z: 3, x: 1); // reversing the order of arguments All forms are equivalent, except that arguments are always evaluated in the order they appear, so in the last example the 3 is evaluated before the 1. Optional and named arguments can be used not only with methods but also with indexers and constructors. Overload resolution Named and optional arguments affect overload resolution, but the changes are relatively simple: A signature is applicable if all its parameters are either optional or have exactly one corresponding argument (by name or position) in the call which is convertible to the parameter type. Betterness rules on conversions are only applied for arguments that are explicitly given – omitted optional arguments are ignored for betterness purposes. If two signatures are equally good, one that does not omit optional parameters is preferred. M(string s, int i = 1); M(object o); M(int i, string s = “Hello”); M(int i); M(5); Given these overloads, we can see the working of the rules above. M(string,int) is not applicable because 5 doesn’t convert to string. M(int,string) is applicable because its second parameter is optional, and so, obviously are M(object) and M(int). M(int,string) and M(int) are both better than M(object) because the conversion from 5 to int is better than the conversion from 5 to object. Finally M(int) is better than M(int,string) because no optional arguments are omitted. Thus the method that gets called is M(int). Features for COM interop Dynamic lookup as well as named and optional parameters greatly improve the experience of interoperating with COM APIs such as the Office Automation APIs. In order to remove even more of the speed bumps, a couple of small COM-specific features are also added to C# 4.0. Dynamic import Many COM methods accept and return variant types, which are represented in the PIAs as object. In the vast majority of cases, a programmer calling these methods already knows the static type of a returned object from context, but explicitly has to perform a cast on the returned value to make use of that knowledge. These casts are so common that they constitute a major nuisance. In order to facilitate a smoother experience, you can now choose to import these COM APIs in such a way that variants are instead represented using the type dynamic. In other words, from your point of view, COM signatures now have occurrences of dynamic instead of object in them. This means that you can easily access members directly off a returned object, or you can assign it to a strongly typed local variable without having to cast. To illustrate, you can now say excel.Cells[1, 1].Value = "Hello"; instead of ((Excel.Range)excel.Cells[1, 1]).Value2 = "Hello"; and Excel.Range range = excel.Cells[1, 1]; instead of Excel.Range range = (Excel.Range)excel.Cells[1, 1]; Compiling without PIAs Primary Interop Assemblies are large .NET assemblies generated from COM interfaces to facilitate strongly typed interoperability. They provide great support at design time, where your experience of the interop is as good as if the types where really defined in .NET. However, at runtime these large assemblies can easily bloat your program, and also cause versioning issues because they are distributed independently of your application. The no-PIA feature allows you to continue to use PIAs at design time without having them around at runtime. Instead, the C# compiler will bake the small part of the PIA that a program actually uses directly into its assembly. At runtime the PIA does not have to be loaded. Omitting ref Because of a different programming model, many COM APIs contain a lot of reference parameters. Contrary to refs in C#, these are typically not meant to mutate a passed-in argument for the subsequent benefit of the caller, but are simply another way of passing value parameters. It therefore seems unreasonable that a C# programmer should have to create temporary variables for all such ref parameters and pass these by reference. Instead, specifically for COM methods, the C# compiler will allow you to pass arguments by value to such a method, and will automatically generate temporary variables to hold the passed-in values, subsequently discarding these when the call returns. In this way the caller sees value semantics, and will not experience any side effects, but the called method still gets a reference. Open issues A few COM interface features still are not surfaced in C#. Most notably these include indexed properties and default properties. As mentioned above these will be respected if you access COM dynamically, but statically typed C# code will still not recognize them. There are currently no plans to address these remaining speed bumps in C# 4.0. Variance An aspect of generics that often comes across as surprising is that the following is illegal: IList<string> strings = new List<string>(); IList<object> objects = strings; The second assignment is disallowed because strings does not have the same element type as objects. There is a perfectly good reason for this. If it were allowed you could write: objects[0] = 5; string s = strings[0]; Allowing an int to be inserted into a list of strings and subsequently extracted as a string. This would be a breach of type safety. However, there are certain interfaces where the above cannot occur, notably where there is no way to insert an object into the collection. Such an interface is IEnumerable<T>. If instead you say: IEnumerable<object> objects = strings; There is no way we can put the wrong kind of thing into strings through objects, because objects doesn’t have a method that takes an element in. Variance is about allowing assignments such as this in cases where it is safe. The result is that a lot of situations that were previously surprising now just work. Covariance In .NET 4.0 the IEnumerable<T> interface will be declared in the following way: public interface IEnumerable<out T> : IEnumerable { IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator(); } public interface IEnumerator<out T> : IEnumerator { bool MoveNext(); T Current { get; } } The “out” in these declarations signifies that the T can only occur in output position in the interface – the compiler will complain otherwise. In return for this restriction, the interface becomes “covariant” in T, which means that an IEnumerable<A> is considered an IEnumerable<B> if A has a reference conversion to B. As a result, any sequence of strings is also e.g. a sequence of objects. This is useful e.g. in many LINQ methods. Using the declarations above: var result = strings.Union(objects); // succeeds with an IEnumerable<object> This would previously have been disallowed, and you would have had to to some cumbersome wrapping to get the two sequences to have the same element type. Contravariance Type parameters can also have an “in” modifier, restricting them to occur only in input positions. An example is IComparer<T>: public interface IComparer<in T> { public int Compare(T left, T right); } The somewhat baffling result is that an IComparer<object> can in fact be considered an IComparer<string>! It makes sense when you think about it: If a comparer can compare any two objects, it can certainly also compare two strings. This property is referred to as contravariance. A generic type can have both in and out modifiers on its type parameters, as is the case with the Func<…> delegate types: public delegate TResult Func<in TArg, out TResult>(TArg arg); Obviously the argument only ever comes in, and the result only ever comes out. Therefore a Func<object,string> can in fact be used as a Func<string,object>. Limitations Variant type parameters can only be declared on interfaces and delegate types, due to a restriction in the CLR. Variance only applies when there is a reference conversion between the type arguments. For instance, an IEnumerable<int> is not an IEnumerable<object> because the conversion from int to object is a boxing conversion, not a reference conversion. Also please note that the CTP does not contain the new versions of the .NET types mentioned above. In order to experiment with variance you have to declare your own variant interfaces and delegate types. COM Example Here is a larger Office automation example that shows many of the new C# features in action. using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq; using Excel = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel; using Word = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word; class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var excel = new Excel.Application(); excel.Visible = true; excel.Workbooks.Add(); // optional arguments omitted excel.Cells[1, 1].Value = "Process Name"; // no casts; Value dynamically excel.Cells[1, 2].Value = "Memory Usage"; // accessed var processes = Process.GetProcesses() .OrderByDescending(p =&gt; p.WorkingSet) .Take(10); int i = 2; foreach (var p in processes) { excel.Cells[i, 1].Value = p.ProcessName; // no casts excel.Cells[i, 2].Value = p.WorkingSet; // no casts i++; } Excel.Range range = excel.Cells[1, 1]; // no casts Excel.Chart chart = excel.ActiveWorkbook.Charts. Add(After: excel.ActiveSheet); // named and optional arguments chart.ChartWizard( Source: range.CurrentRegion, Title: "Memory Usage in " + Environment.MachineName); //named+optional chart.ChartStyle = 45; chart.CopyPicture(Excel.XlPictureAppearance.xlScreen, Excel.XlCopyPictureFormat.xlBitmap, Excel.XlPictureAppearance.xlScreen); var word = new Word.Application(); word.Visible = true; word.Documents.Add(); // optional arguments word.Selection.Paste(); } } The code is much more terse and readable than the C# 3.0 counterpart. Note especially how the Value property is accessed dynamically. This is actually an indexed property, i.e. a property that takes an argument; something which C# does not understand. However the argument is optional. Since the access is dynamic, it goes through the runtime COM binder which knows to substitute the default value and call the indexed property. Thus, dynamic COM allows you to avoid accesses to the puzzling Value2 property of Excel ranges. Relationship with Visual Basic A number of the features introduced to C# 4.0 already exist or will be introduced in some form or other in Visual Basic: · Late binding in VB is similar in many ways to dynamic lookup in C#, and can be expected to make more use of the DLR in the future, leading to further parity with C#. · Named and optional arguments have been part of Visual Basic for a long time, and the C# version of the feature is explicitly engineered with maximal VB interoperability in mind. · NoPIA and variance are both being introduced to VB and C# at the same time. VB in turn is adding a number of features that have hitherto been a mainstay of C#. As a result future versions of C# and VB will have much better feature parity, for the benefit of everyone. Resources All available resources concerning C# 4.0 can be accessed through the C# Dev Center. Specifically, this white paper and other resources can be found at the Code Gallery site. Enjoy! span.fullpost {display:none;}

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  • OT: Airlines and Podcasts

    - by Greg Low
    Those that know me know that I spend an inordinate amount of time on airlines. I also love podcasts, as you can tell from my www.sqldownunder.com site and show. So anything that combines the two is just awesome. Fly With Joe fits that perfectly. Joe D'Eon provides great insights in his show. I was sad last year that he hadn't posted many shows. I've also been quiet for a couple of months (but that's about to change with a bunch of SQL Server 2008 R2 shows). But I've been so pleased that Joe's got...(read more)

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  • Join me on MSDN Radio next Monday Mark your calendar.

    Announcement: MSDN Radio: The ASP.NET Developer Evolved with Joe Stagner Event ID: 1032448575 Date: Monday, April 12, 2010 9:00 AM Pacific Time (US & Canada) 30 Minutes Event Overview You may know him as Mr. How Do I with Microsoft ASP.NET. For the last few years Joe has been busy working with the ASP.NET product team to simplify and educate developers on what's possible with the latest web tools. We talk with Joe about how the web developer is able to learn about and leverage new tools...Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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  • Lenovo Y570 nVidia drivers are giving me problems. (GT 555)

    - by Joe
    So, I've tried the bumblebee "hack" listed HERE:https://github.com/Bumblebee-Project/bbswitch/tree/hack-lenovo I copied every line below into the terminal, is that what I was supposed to do? I'm a Linux noob. git clone http://github.com/Bumblebee-Project/bbswitch.git -b hack-lenovo cd bbswitch mkdir /usr/src/acpi-handle-hack-0.0.1 cp Makefile acpi-handle-hack.c /usr/src/acpi-handle-hack-0.0.1 cp dkms/acpi-handle-hack.conf /usr/src/acpi-handle-hack-0.0.1/dkms.conf dkms add acpi-handle-hack/0.0.1 dkms build acpi-handle-hack/0.0.1 dkms install acpi-handle-hack/0.0.1 echo acpi-handle-hack | sudo tee -a /etc/modules sudo update-initramfs -u (had to use http:// instead of git://, in my uni) It doesn't change anything, I get joe@ubuntu:~$ optirun glxspheres [ 4447.830749] [ERROR]Cannot access secondary GPU - error: Could not load GPU driver [ 4447.830844] [ERROR]Aborting because fallback start is disabled.

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  • Ubuntu One not syncing and not providing feedback

    - by Joe
    Firstly, I apologize for not being more specific with my problem, but Ubuntu One is just not providing me with any information. It appears to be working, it states that "syncronization in progress..." but it never actually syncronizes (by never I mean 3 days). When I first selected a folder to sync using Ubuntu One it took on the order of hours to sync over 500MB of files - it uploaded the folder hierarchy first and populated the folders over a few hours. That is not happening at all now. Please let me know if there is a way I can get more information out of Ubuntu One that I can post and hopefully resolve this issue. Thanks, Joe

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  • Copying VBoxAdditions to usr/share/virtualbox folder

    - by Joe
    Since for some reason VBox does not find the Additions on the internet, I was trying to install them in the Ubuntu directory Vbox is looking for them - which is: usr/share/virtualbox but I am denied permission to do so. Any way around it? I am relatively new to ubuntu (know how to use the GUI, but still learning how to talk to the machine proper, so many things will be new to me; used to be power user/analyst for MS Windows, 98-Vista, so not a PC newbie, but still I'd say Linux newbie). Any suggestion is more than welcome! Thanks Joe

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  • Gnome Shell opens as classic

    - by Joe Horgan
    I'm running 12.04 on a Gateway LT4004u netbook, and I installed Gnome3 using the apt-get commands in the terminal. When I rebooted and ran "Gnome Shell" it opened up classic mode. I thought that my cursor might have slipped the first time, but on multiple retries logging in under gnome shell would open the gnome classic desktop. I even uninstalled Gnome Shell and reinstalled it with software center, but I still have the same problem. I was wondering if this might be an issue with my graphics card? Any help would be much appreciated, thanks! -Joe

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  • overusage of RAM in Hypervm VPS

    - by Mac Taylor
    hey guys I have a VPS running on hypervm in proceses list i have something like this > /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr > --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/ user : mysql which takes 150 mb RAM and then /usr/sbin/named -u named -t /var/named/chroot user : Named 50 mb RAM taken by this process how can i solve this overusage of RAM and reduce it . I have access to root and SSH

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  • Resulting .exe from PyInstaller with wxPython crashing

    - by Helgi Hrafn Gunnarsson
    I'm trying to compile a very simple wxPython script into an executable by using PyInstaller on Windows Vista. The Python script is nothing but a Hello World in wxPython. I'm trying to get that up and running as a Windows executable before I add any of the features that the program needs to have. But I'm already stuck. I've jumped through some loops in regards to MSVCR90.DLL, MSVCP90.DLL and MSVCPM90.DLL, which I ended up copying from my Visual Studio installation (C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\redist\x86\Microsoft.VC90.CRT). As according to the instructions for PyInstaller, I run: Command: Configure.py Output: I: computing EXE_dependencies I: Finding TCL/TK... I: could not find TCL/TK I: testing for Zlib... I: ... Zlib available I: Testing for ability to set icons, version resources... I: ... resource update available I: Testing for Unicode support... I: ... Unicode available I: testing for UPX... I: ...UPX available I: computing PYZ dependencies... So far, so good. I continue. Command: Makespec.py -F guitest.py Output: wrote C:\Code\PromoUSB\guitest.spec now run Build.py to build the executable Then there's the final command. Command: Build.py guitest.spec Output: checking Analysis building Analysis because out0.toc non existent running Analysis out0.toc Analyzing: C:\Python26\pyinstaller-1.3\support\_mountzlib.py Analyzing: C:\Python26\pyinstaller-1.3\support\useUnicode.py Analyzing: guitest.py Warnings written to C:\Code\PromoUSB\warnguitest.txt checking PYZ rebuilding out1.toc because out1.pyz is missing building PYZ out1.toc checking PKG rebuilding out3.toc because out3.pkg is missing building PKG out3.pkg checking ELFEXE rebuilding out2.toc because guitest.exe missing building ELFEXE out2.toc I get the resulting 'guitest.exe' file, but upon execution, it "simply crashes"... and there is no debug info. It's just one of those standard Windows Vista crashes. The script itself, guitest.py runs just fine by itself. It only crashes as an executable, and I'm completely lost. I don't even know what to look for, since nothing I've tried has returned any relevant results. Another file is generated as a result of the compilation process, called 'warnguitest.txt'. Here are its contents. W: no module named posix (conditional import by os) W: no module named optik.__all__ (top-level import by optparse) W: no module named readline (delayed, conditional import by cmd) W: no module named readline (delayed import by pdb) W: no module named pwd (delayed, conditional import by posixpath) W: no module named org (top-level import by pickle) W: no module named posix (delayed, conditional import by iu) W: no module named fcntl (conditional import by subprocess) W: no module named org (top-level import by copy) W: no module named _emx_link (conditional import by os) W: no module named optik.__version__ (top-level import by optparse) W: no module named fcntl (top-level import by tempfile) W: __all__ is built strangely at line 0 - collections (C:\Python26\lib\collections.pyc) W: delayed exec statement detected at line 0 - collections (C:\Python26\lib\collections.pyc) W: delayed conditional __import__ hack detected at line 0 - doctest (C:\Python26\lib\doctest.pyc) W: delayed exec statement detected at line 0 - doctest (C:\Python26\lib\doctest.pyc) W: delayed conditional __import__ hack detected at line 0 - doctest (C:\Python26\lib\doctest.pyc) W: delayed __import__ hack detected at line 0 - encodings (C:\Python26\lib\encodings\__init__.pyc) W: __all__ is built strangely at line 0 - optparse (C:\Python26\pyinstaller-1.3\optparse.pyc) W: __all__ is built strangely at line 0 - dis (C:\Python26\lib\dis.pyc) W: delayed eval hack detected at line 0 - os (C:\Python26\lib\os.pyc) W: __all__ is built strangely at line 0 - __future__ (C:\Python26\lib\__future__.pyc) W: delayed conditional __import__ hack detected at line 0 - unittest (C:\Python26\lib\unittest.pyc) W: delayed conditional __import__ hack detected at line 0 - unittest (C:\Python26\lib\unittest.pyc) W: __all__ is built strangely at line 0 - tokenize (C:\Python26\lib\tokenize.pyc) W: __all__ is built strangely at line 0 - wx (C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\wx-2.8-msw-unicode\wx\__init__.pyc) W: __all__ is built strangely at line 0 - wx (C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\wx-2.8-msw-unicode\wx\__init__.pyc) W: delayed exec statement detected at line 0 - bdb (C:\Python26\lib\bdb.pyc) W: delayed eval hack detected at line 0 - bdb (C:\Python26\lib\bdb.pyc) W: delayed eval hack detected at line 0 - bdb (C:\Python26\lib\bdb.pyc) W: delayed __import__ hack detected at line 0 - pickle (C:\Python26\lib\pickle.pyc) W: delayed __import__ hack detected at line 0 - pickle (C:\Python26\lib\pickle.pyc) W: delayed conditional exec statement detected at line 0 - iu (C:\Python26\pyinstaller-1.3\iu.pyc) W: delayed conditional exec statement detected at line 0 - iu (C:\Python26\pyinstaller-1.3\iu.pyc) W: delayed eval hack detected at line 0 - gettext (C:\Python26\lib\gettext.pyc) W: delayed __import__ hack detected at line 0 - optik.option_parser (C:\Python26\pyinstaller-1.3\optik\option_parser.pyc) W: delayed conditional eval hack detected at line 0 - warnings (C:\Python26\lib\warnings.pyc) W: delayed conditional __import__ hack detected at line 0 - warnings (C:\Python26\lib\warnings.pyc) W: __all__ is built strangely at line 0 - optik (C:\Python26\pyinstaller-1.3\optik\__init__.pyc) W: delayed exec statement detected at line 0 - pdb (C:\Python26\lib\pdb.pyc) W: delayed conditional eval hack detected at line 0 - pdb (C:\Python26\lib\pdb.pyc) W: delayed eval hack detected at line 0 - pdb (C:\Python26\lib\pdb.pyc) W: delayed conditional eval hack detected at line 0 - pdb (C:\Python26\lib\pdb.pyc) W: delayed eval hack detected at line 0 - pdb (C:\Python26\lib\pdb.pyc) I don't know what the heck to make of any of that. Again, my searches have been fruitless.

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  • Cross-platform independent development

    - by Joe Wreschnig
    Some years ago, if you wrote in C and some subset of C++ and used a sufficient number of platform abstractions (via SDL or whatever), you could run on every platform an indie could get on - Linux, Windows, Mac OS of various versions, obscure stuff like BeOS, and the open consoles like the GP2X and post-death Dreamcast. If you got a contract for a closed platform at some point, you could port your game to that platform with "minimal" code changes as well. Today, indie developers must use XNA to get on the Xbox 360 (and upcoming Windows phone); must not use XNA to work anywhere else but Windows; until recently had to use Java on Android; Flash doesn't run on phones, HTML5 doesn't work on IE. Unlike e.g. DirectX vs. OpenGL or Windows vs. Unix, these are changes to the core language you write your code in and can't be papered over without, basically, writing a compiler. You can move some game logic into scripts and include an interpreter - except when you can't, because the iPhone SDK doesn't allow it, and performance suffers because no one allows JIT. So what can you do if you want a really cross-platform portable game, or even just a significant body of engine and logic code? Is this not a problem because the platforms have fundamentally diverged - it's just plain not worthwhile to try to target both an iPhone and the Xbox 360 with any shared code because such a game would be bad? (I find this very unlikely. I can easily see wanting to share a game between a Windows Mobile phone and an Android, or an Xbox 360 and an iPad.) Are interfaces so high-level now that porting time is negligible? (I might believe this for business applications, but not for games with strict performance requirements.) Is this going to become more pronounced in the future? Is the split going to be, somewhat scarily, still down vendor lines? Will we all rely on high-level middleware like Flash or Unity to get anything cross-platform done? tl;dr - Is porting a problem, is it going to be a bigger problem in the future, and if so how do we solve it?

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  • Twitter Integration in Windows 8

    - by Joe Mayo
    Glenn Versweyveld, @Depechie, blogged about Twitter Integration in Windows 8. The post describes how to use WinRtAuthorizer to perform OAuth authentication with LINQ to Twitter. If you’re using LINQ to Twitter with Windows 8, the WinRtAuthorizer is definitely the way to go. It lets you perform the entire OAuth dance with a single method call, which is a huge time savings and simplification of your code. In addition to Glenn’s excellent post, I’ve posted a sample app named MetroWinRtAuthorizerDemo.zip on the LINQ to Twitter Samples Page. @JoeMayo

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  • Working with Timelines with LINQ to Twitter

    - by Joe Mayo
    When first working with the Twitter API, I thought that using SinceID would be an effective way to page through timelines. In practice it doesn’t work well for various reasons. To explain why, Twitter published an excellent document that is a must-read for anyone working with timelines: Twitter Documentation: Working with Timelines This post shows how to implement the recommended strategies in that document by using LINQ to Twitter. You should read the document in it’s entirety before moving on because my explanation will start at the bottom and work back up to the top in relation to the Twitter document. What follows is an explanation of SinceID, MaxID, and how they come together to help you efficiently work with Twitter timelines. The Role of SinceID Specifying SinceID says to Twitter, “Don’t return tweets earlier than this”. What you want to do is store this value after every timeline query set so that it can be reused on the next set of queries.  The next section will explain what I mean by query set, but a quick explanation is that it’s a loop that gets all new tweets. The SinceID is a backstop to avoid retrieving tweets that you already have. Here’s some initialization code that includes a variable named sinceID that will be used to populate the SinceID property in subsequent queries: // last tweet processed on previous query set ulong sinceID = 210024053698867204; ulong maxID; const int Count = 10; var statusList = new List<status>(); Here, I’ve hard-coded the sinceID variable, but this is where you would initialize sinceID from whatever storage you choose (i.e. a database). The first time you ever run this code, you won’t have a value from a previous query set. Initially setting it to 0 might sound like a good idea, but what if you’re querying a timeline with lots of tweets? Because of the number of tweets and rate limits, your query set might take a very long time to run. A caveat might be that Twitter won’t return an entire timeline back to Tweet #0, but rather only go back a certain period of time, the limits of which are documented for individual Twitter timeline API resources. So, to initialize SinceID at too low of a number can result in a lot of initial tweets, yet there is a limit to how far you can go back. What you’re trying to accomplish in your application should guide you in how to initially set SinceID. I have more to say about SinceID later in this post. The other variables initialized above include the declaration for MaxID, Count, and statusList. The statusList variable is a holder for all the timeline tweets collected during this query set. You can set Count to any value you want as the largest number of tweets to retrieve, as defined by individual Twitter timeline API resources. To effectively page results, you’ll use the maxID variable to set the MaxID property in queries, which I’ll discuss next. Initializing MaxID On your first query of a query set, MaxID will be whatever the most recent tweet is that you get back. Further, you don’t know what MaxID is until after the initial query. The technique used in this post is to do an initial query and then use the results to figure out what the next MaxID will be.  Here’s the code for the initial query: var userStatusResponse = (from tweet in twitterCtx.Status where tweet.Type == StatusType.User && tweet.ScreenName == "JoeMayo" && tweet.SinceID == sinceID && tweet.Count == Count select tweet) .ToList(); statusList.AddRange(userStatusResponse); // first tweet processed on current query maxID = userStatusResponse.Min( status => ulong.Parse(status.StatusID)) - 1; The query above sets both SinceID and Count properties. As explained earlier, Count is the largest number of tweets to return, but the number can be less. A couple reasons why the number of tweets that are returned could be less than Count include the fact that the user, specified by ScreenName, might not have tweeted Count times yet or might not have tweeted at least Count times within the maximum number of tweets that can be returned by the Twitter timeline API resource. Another reason could be because there aren’t Count tweets between now and the tweet ID specified by sinceID. Setting SinceID constrains the results to only those tweets that occurred after the specified Tweet ID, assigned via the sinceID variable in the query above. The statusList is an accumulator of all tweets receive during this query set. To simplify the code, I left out some logic to check whether there were no tweets returned. If  the query above doesn’t return any tweets, you’ll receive an exception when trying to perform operations on an empty list. Yeah, I cheated again. Besides querying initial tweets, what’s important about this code is the final line that sets maxID. It retrieves the lowest numbered status ID in the results. Since the lowest numbered status ID is for a tweet we already have, the code decrements the result by one to keep from asking for that tweet again. Remember, SinceID is not inclusive, but MaxID is. The maxID variable is now set to the highest possible tweet ID that can be returned in the next query. The next section explains how to use MaxID to help get the remaining tweets in the query set. Retrieving Remaining Tweets Earlier in this post, I defined a term that I called a query set. Essentially, this is a group of requests to Twitter that you perform to get all new tweets. A single query might not be enough to get all new tweets, so you’ll have to start at the top of the list that Twitter returns and keep making requests until you have all new tweets. The previous section showed the first query of the query set. The code below is a loop that completes the query set: do { // now add sinceID and maxID userStatusResponse = (from tweet in twitterCtx.Status where tweet.Type == StatusType.User && tweet.ScreenName == "JoeMayo" && tweet.Count == Count && tweet.SinceID == sinceID && tweet.MaxID == maxID select tweet) .ToList(); if (userStatusResponse.Count > 0) { // first tweet processed on current query maxID = userStatusResponse.Min( status => ulong.Parse(status.StatusID)) - 1; statusList.AddRange(userStatusResponse); } } while (userStatusResponse.Count != 0 && statusList.Count < 30); Here we have another query, but this time it includes the MaxID property. The SinceID property prevents reading tweets that we’ve already read and Count specifies the largest number of tweets to return. Earlier, I mentioned how it was important to check how many tweets were returned because failing to do so will result in an exception when subsequent code runs on an empty list. The code above protects against this problem by only working with the results if Twitter actually returns tweets. Reasons why there wouldn’t be results include: if the first query got all the new tweets there wouldn’t be more to get and there might not have been any new tweets between the SinceID and MaxID settings of the most recent query. The code for loading the returned tweets into statusList and getting the maxID are the same as previously explained. The important point here is that MaxID is being reset, not SinceID. As explained in the Twitter documentation, paging occurs from the newest tweets to oldest, so setting MaxID lets us move from the most recent tweets down to the oldest as specified by SinceID. The two loop conditions cause the loop to continue as long as tweets are being read or a max number of tweets have been read.  Logically, you want to stop reading when you’ve read all the tweets and that’s indicated by the fact that the most recent query did not return results. I put the check to stop after 30 tweets are reached to keep the demo from running too long – in the console the response scrolls past available buffer and I wanted you to be able to see the complete output. Yet, there’s another point to be made about constraining the number of items you return at one time. The Twitter API has rate limits and making too many queries per minute will result in an error from twitter that LINQ to Twitter raises as an exception. To use the API properly, you’ll have to ensure you don’t exceed this threshold. Looking at the statusList.Count as done above is rather primitive, but you can implement your own logic to properly manage your rate limit. Yeah, I cheated again. Summary Now you know how to use LINQ to Twitter to work with Twitter timelines. After reading this post, you have a better idea of the role of SinceID - the oldest tweet already received. You also know that MaxID is the largest tweet ID to retrieve in a query. Together, these settings allow you to page through results via one or more queries. You also understand what factors affect the number of tweets returned and considerations for potential error handling logic. The full example of the code for this post is included in the downloadable source code for LINQ to Twitter.   @JoeMayo

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  • Using Durandal to Create Single Page Apps

    - by Stephen.Walther
    A few days ago, I gave a talk on building Single Page Apps on the Microsoft Stack. In that talk, I recommended that people use Knockout, Sammy, and RequireJS to build their presentation layer and use the ASP.NET Web API to expose data from their server. After I gave the talk, several people contacted me and suggested that I investigate a new open-source JavaScript library named Durandal. Durandal stitches together Knockout, Sammy, and RequireJS to make it easier to use these technologies together. In this blog entry, I want to provide a brief walkthrough of using Durandal to create a simple Single Page App. I am going to demonstrate how you can create a simple Movies App which contains (virtual) pages for viewing a list of movies, adding new movies, and viewing movie details. The goal of this blog entry is to give you a sense of what it is like to build apps with Durandal. Installing Durandal First things first. How do you get Durandal? The GitHub project for Durandal is located here: https://github.com/BlueSpire/Durandal The Wiki — located at the GitHub project — contains all of the current documentation for Durandal. Currently, the documentation is a little sparse, but it is enough to get you started. Instead of downloading the Durandal source from GitHub, a better option for getting started with Durandal is to install one of the Durandal NuGet packages. I built the Movies App described in this blog entry by first creating a new ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application with the Basic Template. Next, I executed the following command from the Package Manager Console: Install-Package Durandal.StarterKit As you can see from the screenshot of the Package Manager Console above, the Durandal Starter Kit package has several dependencies including: · jQuery · Knockout · Sammy · Twitter Bootstrap The Durandal Starter Kit package includes a sample Durandal application. You can get to the Starter Kit app by navigating to the Durandal controller. Unfortunately, when I first tried to run the Starter Kit app, I got an error because the Starter Kit is hard-coded to use a particular version of jQuery which is already out of date. You can fix this issue by modifying the App_Start\DurandalBundleConfig.cs file so it is jQuery version agnostic like this: bundles.Add( new ScriptBundle("~/scripts/vendor") .Include("~/Scripts/jquery-{version}.js") .Include("~/Scripts/knockout-{version}.js") .Include("~/Scripts/sammy-{version}.js") // .Include("~/Scripts/jquery-1.9.0.min.js") // .Include("~/Scripts/knockout-2.2.1.js") // .Include("~/Scripts/sammy-0.7.4.min.js") .Include("~/Scripts/bootstrap.min.js") ); The recommendation is that you create a Durandal app in a folder off your project root named App. The App folder in the Starter Kit contains the following subfolders and files: · durandal – This folder contains the actual durandal JavaScript library. · viewmodels – This folder contains all of your application’s view models. · views – This folder contains all of your application’s views. · main.js — This file contains all of the JavaScript startup code for your app including the client-side routing configuration. · main-built.js – This file contains an optimized version of your application. You need to build this file by using the RequireJS optimizer (unfortunately, before you can run the optimizer, you must first install NodeJS). For the purpose of this blog entry, I wanted to start from scratch when building the Movies app, so I deleted all of these files and folders except for the durandal folder which contains the durandal library. Creating the ASP.NET MVC Controller and View A Durandal app is built using a single server-side ASP.NET MVC controller and ASP.NET MVC view. A Durandal app is a Single Page App. When you navigate between pages, you are not navigating to new pages on the server. Instead, you are loading new virtual pages into the one-and-only-one server-side view. For the Movies app, I created the following ASP.NET MVC Home controller: public class HomeController : Controller { public ActionResult Index() { return View(); } } There is nothing special about the Home controller – it is as basic as it gets. Next, I created the following server-side ASP.NET view. This is the one-and-only server-side view used by the Movies app: @{ Layout = null; } <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Index</title> </head> <body> <div id="applicationHost"> Loading app.... </div> @Scripts.Render("~/scripts/vendor") <script type="text/javascript" src="~/App/durandal/amd/require.js" data-main="/App/main"></script> </body> </html> Notice that I set the Layout property for the view to the value null. If you neglect to do this, then the default ASP.NET MVC layout will be applied to the view and you will get the <!DOCTYPE> and opening and closing <html> tags twice. Next, notice that the view contains a DIV element with the Id applicationHost. This marks the area where virtual pages are loaded. When you navigate from page to page in a Durandal app, HTML page fragments are retrieved from the server and stuck in the applicationHost DIV element. Inside the applicationHost element, you can place any content which you want to display when a Durandal app is starting up. For example, you can create a fancy splash screen. I opted for simply displaying the text “Loading app…”: Next, notice the view above includes a call to the Scripts.Render() helper. This helper renders out all of the JavaScript files required by the Durandal library such as jQuery and Knockout. Remember to fix the App_Start\DurandalBundleConfig.cs as described above or Durandal will attempt to load an old version of jQuery and throw a JavaScript exception and stop working. Your application JavaScript code is not included in the scripts rendered by the Scripts.Render helper. Your application code is loaded dynamically by RequireJS with the help of the following SCRIPT element located at the bottom of the view: <script type="text/javascript" src="~/App/durandal/amd/require.js" data-main="/App/main"></script> The data-main attribute on the SCRIPT element causes RequireJS to load your /app/main.js JavaScript file to kick-off your Durandal app. Creating the Durandal Main.js File The Durandal Main.js JavaScript file, located in your App folder, contains all of the code required to configure the behavior of Durandal. Here’s what the Main.js file looks like in the case of the Movies app: require.config({ paths: { 'text': 'durandal/amd/text' } }); define(function (require) { var app = require('durandal/app'), viewLocator = require('durandal/viewLocator'), system = require('durandal/system'), router = require('durandal/plugins/router'); //>>excludeStart("build", true); system.debug(true); //>>excludeEnd("build"); app.start().then(function () { //Replace 'viewmodels' in the moduleId with 'views' to locate the view. //Look for partial views in a 'views' folder in the root. viewLocator.useConvention(); //configure routing router.useConvention(); router.mapNav("movies/show"); router.mapNav("movies/add"); router.mapNav("movies/details/:id"); app.adaptToDevice(); //Show the app by setting the root view model for our application with a transition. app.setRoot('viewmodels/shell', 'entrance'); }); }); There are three important things to notice about the main.js file above. First, notice that it contains a section which enables debugging which looks like this: //>>excludeStart(“build”, true); system.debug(true); //>>excludeEnd(“build”); This code enables debugging for your Durandal app which is very useful when things go wrong. When you call system.debug(true), Durandal writes out debugging information to your browser JavaScript console. For example, you can use the debugging information to diagnose issues with your client-side routes: (The funny looking //> symbols around the system.debug() call are RequireJS optimizer pragmas). The main.js file is also the place where you configure your client-side routes. In the case of the Movies app, the main.js file is used to configure routes for three page: the movies show, add, and details pages. //configure routing router.useConvention(); router.mapNav("movies/show"); router.mapNav("movies/add"); router.mapNav("movies/details/:id");   The route for movie details includes a route parameter named id. Later, we will use the id parameter to lookup and display the details for the right movie. Finally, the main.js file above contains the following line of code: //Show the app by setting the root view model for our application with a transition. app.setRoot('viewmodels/shell', 'entrance'); This line of code causes Durandal to load up a JavaScript file named shell.js and an HTML fragment named shell.html. I’ll discuss the shell in the next section. Creating the Durandal Shell You can think of the Durandal shell as the layout or master page for a Durandal app. The shell is where you put all of the content which you want to remain constant as a user navigates from virtual page to virtual page. For example, the shell is a great place to put your website logo and navigation links. The Durandal shell is composed from two parts: a JavaScript file and an HTML file. Here’s what the HTML file looks like for the Movies app: <h1>Movies App</h1> <div class="container-fluid page-host"> <!--ko compose: { model: router.activeItem, //wiring the router afterCompose: router.afterCompose, //wiring the router transition:'entrance', //use the 'entrance' transition when switching views cacheViews:true //telling composition to keep views in the dom, and reuse them (only a good idea with singleton view models) }--><!--/ko--> </div> And here is what the JavaScript file looks like: define(function (require) { var router = require('durandal/plugins/router'); return { router: router, activate: function () { return router.activate('movies/show'); } }; }); The JavaScript file contains the view model for the shell. This view model returns the Durandal router so you can access the list of configured routes from your shell. Notice that the JavaScript file includes a function named activate(). This function loads the movies/show page as the first page in the Movies app. If you want to create a different default Durandal page, then pass the name of a different age to the router.activate() method. Creating the Movies Show Page Durandal pages are created out of a view model and a view. The view model contains all of the data and view logic required for the view. The view contains all of the HTML markup for rendering the view model. Let’s start with the movies show page. The movies show page displays a list of movies. The view model for the show page looks like this: define(function (require) { var moviesRepository = require("repositories/moviesRepository"); return { movies: ko.observable(), activate: function() { this.movies(moviesRepository.listMovies()); } }; }); You create a view model by defining a new RequireJS module (see http://requirejs.org). You create a RequireJS module by placing all of your JavaScript code into an anonymous function passed to the RequireJS define() method. A RequireJS module has two parts. You retrieve all of the modules which your module requires at the top of your module. The code above depends on another RequireJS module named repositories/moviesRepository. Next, you return the implementation of your module. The code above returns a JavaScript object which contains a property named movies and a method named activate. The activate() method is a magic method which Durandal calls whenever it activates your view model. Your view model is activated whenever you navigate to a page which uses it. In the code above, the activate() method is used to get the list of movies from the movies repository and assign the list to the view model movies property. The HTML for the movies show page looks like this: <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Title</th><th>Director</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody data-bind="foreach:movies"> <tr> <td data-bind="text:title"></td> <td data-bind="text:director"></td> <td><a data-bind="attr:{href:'#/movies/details/'+id}">Details</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <a href="#/movies/add">Add Movie</a> Notice that this is an HTML fragment. This fragment will be stuffed into the page-host DIV element in the shell.html file which is stuffed, in turn, into the applicationHost DIV element in the server-side MVC view. The HTML markup above contains data-bind attributes used by Knockout to display the list of movies (To learn more about Knockout, visit http://knockoutjs.com). The list of movies from the view model is displayed in an HTML table. Notice that the page includes a link to a page for adding a new movie. The link uses the following URL which starts with a hash: #/movies/add. Because the link starts with a hash, clicking the link does not cause a request back to the server. Instead, you navigate to the movies/add page virtually. Creating the Movies Add Page The movies add page also consists of a view model and view. The add page enables you to add a new movie to the movie database. Here’s the view model for the add page: define(function (require) { var app = require('durandal/app'); var router = require('durandal/plugins/router'); var moviesRepository = require("repositories/moviesRepository"); return { movieToAdd: { title: ko.observable(), director: ko.observable() }, activate: function () { this.movieToAdd.title(""); this.movieToAdd.director(""); this._movieAdded = false; }, canDeactivate: function () { if (this._movieAdded == false) { return app.showMessage('Are you sure you want to leave this page?', 'Navigate', ['Yes', 'No']); } else { return true; } }, addMovie: function () { // Add movie to db moviesRepository.addMovie(ko.toJS(this.movieToAdd)); // flag new movie this._movieAdded = true; // return to list of movies router.navigateTo("#/movies/show"); } }; }); The view model contains one property named movieToAdd which is bound to the add movie form. The view model also has the following three methods: 1. activate() – This method is called by Durandal when you navigate to the add movie page. The activate() method resets the add movie form by clearing out the movie title and director properties. 2. canDeactivate() – This method is called by Durandal when you attempt to navigate away from the add movie page. If you return false then navigation is cancelled. 3. addMovie() – This method executes when the add movie form is submitted. This code adds the new movie to the movie repository. I really like the Durandal canDeactivate() method. In the code above, I use the canDeactivate() method to show a warning to a user if they navigate away from the add movie page – either by clicking the Cancel button or by hitting the browser back button – before submitting the add movie form: The view for the add movie page looks like this: <form data-bind="submit:addMovie"> <fieldset> <legend>Add Movie</legend> <div> <label> Title: <input data-bind="value:movieToAdd.title" required /> </label> </div> <div> <label> Director: <input data-bind="value:movieToAdd.director" required /> </label> </div> <div> <input type="submit" value="Add" /> <a href="#/movies/show">Cancel</a> </div> </fieldset> </form> I am using Knockout to bind the movieToAdd property from the view model to the INPUT elements of the HTML form. Notice that the FORM element includes a data-bind attribute which invokes the addMovie() method from the view model when the HTML form is submitted. Creating the Movies Details Page You navigate to the movies details Page by clicking the Details link which appears next to each movie in the movies show page: The Details links pass the movie ids to the details page: #/movies/details/0 #/movies/details/1 #/movies/details/2 Here’s what the view model for the movies details page looks like: define(function (require) { var router = require('durandal/plugins/router'); var moviesRepository = require("repositories/moviesRepository"); return { movieToShow: { title: ko.observable(), director: ko.observable() }, activate: function (context) { // Grab movie from repository var movie = moviesRepository.getMovie(context.id); // Add to view model this.movieToShow.title(movie.title); this.movieToShow.director(movie.director); } }; }); Notice that the view model activate() method accepts a parameter named context. You can take advantage of the context parameter to retrieve route parameters such as the movie Id. In the code above, the context.id property is used to retrieve the correct movie from the movie repository and the movie is assigned to a property named movieToShow exposed by the view model. The movie details view displays the movieToShow property by taking advantage of Knockout bindings: <div> <h2 data-bind="text:movieToShow.title"></h2> directed by <span data-bind="text:movieToShow.director"></span> </div> Summary The goal of this blog entry was to walkthrough building a simple Single Page App using Durandal and to get a feel for what it is like to use this library. I really like how Durandal stitches together Knockout, Sammy, and RequireJS and establishes patterns for using these libraries to build Single Page Apps. Having a standard pattern which developers on a team can use to build new pages is super valuable. Once you get the hang of it, using Durandal to create new virtual pages is dead simple. Just define a new route, view model, and view and you are done. I also appreciate the fact that Durandal did not attempt to re-invent the wheel and that Durandal leverages existing JavaScript libraries such as Knockout, RequireJS, and Sammy. These existing libraries are powerful libraries and I have already invested a considerable amount of time in learning how to use them. Durandal makes it easier to use these libraries together without losing any of their power. Durandal has some additional interesting features which I have not had a chance to play with yet. For example, you can use the RequireJS optimizer to combine and minify all of a Durandal app’s code. Also, Durandal supports a way to create custom widgets (client-side controls) by composing widgets from a controller and view. You can download the code for the Movies app by clicking the following link (this is a Visual Studio 2012 project): Durandal Movie App

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  • hierachical query to return final row

    - by jeff
    I have a hierarchical query that doesn't return an expected row (employee badge = 444). TABLE: hr_data badge fname supervisor_badge 111 Jeff 222 222 Joe 333 333 John 444 444 Tom 444 SQL: SELECT CONNECT_BY_ISCYCLE As IC, badge, fname, supervisor_badge FROM hr_data START WITH badge = '111' CONNECT BY NOCYCLE badge = PRIOR supervisor_badge What is Returned: IC badge fname supervisor_badge 0 111 Jeff 222 0 222 Joe 333 1 333 John 444 What is Expected: IC badge fname supervisor_badge 0 111 Jeff 222 0 222 Joe 333 **0** 333 John 444 **1** 444 Tom 444 How can I get this query to return the employee Tom and then stop?

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  • Twitter User/Search Feature Header Support in LINQ to Twitter

    - by Joe Mayo
    LINQ to Twitter’s goal is to support the entire Twitter API. So, if you see a new feature pop-up, it will be in-queue for inclusion. The same holds for the new X-Feature… response headers for User/Search requests.  However, you don’t have to wait for a special property on the TwitterContext to access these headers, you can just use them via the TwitterContext.ResponseHeaders collection. The following code demonstrates how to access the new X-Feature… headers with LINQ to Twitter: var user = (from usr in twitterCtx.User where usr.Type == UserType.Search && usr.Query == "Joe Mayo" select usr) .FirstOrDefault(); Console.WriteLine( "X-FeatureRateLimit-Limit: {0}\n" + "X-FeatureRateLimit-Remaining: {1}\n" + "X-FeatureRateLimit-Reset: {2}\n" + "X-FeatureRateLimit-Class: {3}\n", twitterCtx.ResponseHeaders["X-FeatureRateLimit-Limit"], twitterCtx.ResponseHeaders["X-FeatureRateLimit-Remaining"], twitterCtx.ResponseHeaders["X-FeatureRateLimit-Reset"], twitterCtx.ResponseHeaders["X-FeatureRateLimit-Class"]); The query above is from the User entity, whose type is Search; allowing you to search for the Twitter user whose name is specified by the Query parameter filter. After materializing the query, with FirstOrDefault, twitterCtx will hold all of the headers, including X-Feature… that Twitter returned.  Running the code above will display results similar to the following: X-FeatureRateLimit-Limit: 60 X-FeatureRateLimit-Remaining: 59 X-FeatureRateLimit-Reset: 1271452177 X-FeatureRateLimit-Class: namesearch In addition to getting the X-Feature… headers a capability you might have noticed is that the TwitterContext.ResponseHeaders collection will contain any HTTP that Twitter sends back to a query. Therefore, you’ll be able to access new Twitter headers anytime in the future with LINQ to Twitter. @JoeMayo

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  • Currency Conversion in Oracle BI applications

    - by Saurabh Verma
    Authored by Vijay Aggarwal and Hichem Sellami A typical data warehouse contains Star and/or Snowflake schema, made up of Dimensions and Facts. The facts store various numerical information including amounts. Example; Order Amount, Invoice Amount etc. With the true global nature of business now-a-days, the end-users want to view the reports in their own currency or in global/common currency as defined by their business. This presents a unique opportunity in BI to provide the amounts in converted rates either by pre-storing or by doing on-the-fly conversions while displaying the reports to the users. Source Systems OBIA caters to various source systems like EBS, PSFT, Sebl, JDE, Fusion etc. Each source has its own unique and intricate ways of defining and storing currency data, doing currency conversions and presenting to the OLTP users. For example; EBS stores conversion rates between currencies which can be classified by conversion rates, like Corporate rate, Spot rate, Period rate etc. Siebel stores exchange rates by conversion rates like Daily. EBS/Fusion stores the conversion rates for each day, where as PSFT/Siebel store for a range of days. PSFT has Rate Multiplication Factor and Rate Division Factor and we need to calculate the Rate based on them, where as other Source systems store the Currency Exchange Rate directly. OBIA Design The data consolidation from various disparate source systems, poses the challenge to conform various currencies, rate types, exchange rates etc., and designing the best way to present the amounts to the users without affecting the performance. When consolidating the data for reporting in OBIA, we have designed the mechanisms in the Common Dimension, to allow users to report based on their required currencies. OBIA Facts store amounts in various currencies: Document Currency: This is the currency of the actual transaction. For a multinational company, this can be in various currencies. Local Currency: This is the base currency in which the accounting entries are recorded by the business. This is generally defined in the Ledger of the company. Global Currencies: OBIA provides five Global Currencies. Three are used across all modules. The last two are for CRM only. A Global currency is very useful when creating reports where the data is viewed enterprise-wide. Example; a US based multinational would want to see the reports in USD. The company will choose USD as one of the global currencies. OBIA allows users to define up-to five global currencies during the initial implementation. The term Currency Preference is used to designate the set of values: Document Currency, Local Currency, Global Currency 1, Global Currency 2, Global Currency 3; which are shared among all modules. There are four more currency preferences, specific to certain modules: Global Currency 4 (aka CRM Currency) and Global Currency 5 which are used in CRM; and Project Currency and Contract Currency, used in Project Analytics. When choosing Local Currency for Currency preference, the data will show in the currency of the Ledger (or Business Unit) in the prompt. So it is important to select one Ledger or Business Unit when viewing data in Local Currency. More on this can be found in the section: Toggling Currency Preferences in the Dashboard. Design Logic When extracting the fact data, the OOTB mappings extract and load the document amount, and the local amount in target tables. It also loads the exchange rates required to convert the document amount into the corresponding global amounts. If the source system only provides the document amount in the transaction, the extract mapping does a lookup to get the Local currency code, and the Local exchange rate. The Load mapping then uses the local currency code and rate to derive the local amount. The load mapping also fetches the Global Currencies and looks up the corresponding exchange rates. The lookup of exchange rates is done via the Exchange Rate Dimension provided as a Common/Conforming Dimension in OBIA. The Exchange Rate Dimension stores the exchange rates between various currencies for a date range and Rate Type. Two physical tables W_EXCH_RATE_G and W_GLOBAL_EXCH_RATE_G are used to provide the lookups and conversions between currencies. The data is loaded from the source system’s Ledger tables. W_EXCH_RATE_G stores the exchange rates between currencies with a date range. On the other hand, W_GLOBAL_EXCH_RATE_G stores the currency conversions between the document currency and the pre-defined five Global Currencies for each day. Based on the requirements, the fact mappings can decide and use one or both tables to do the conversion. Currency design in OBIA also taps into the MLS and Domain architecture, thus allowing the users to map the currencies to a universal Domain during the implementation time. This is especially important for companies deploying and using OBIA with multiple source adapters. Some Gotchas to Look for It is necessary to think through the currencies during the initial implementation. 1) Identify various types of currencies that are used by your business. Understand what will be your Local (or Base) and Documentation currency. Identify various global currencies that your users will want to look at the reports. This will be based on the global nature of your business. Changes to these currencies later in the project, while permitted, but may cause Full data loads and hence lost time. 2) If the user has a multi source system make sure that the Global Currencies and Global Rate Types chosen in Configuration Manager do have the corresponding source specific counterparts. In other words, make sure for every DW specific value chosen for Currency Code or Rate Type, there is a source Domain mapping already done. Technical Section This section will briefly mention the technical scenarios employed in the OBIA adaptors to extract data from each source system. In OBIA, we have two main tables which store the Currency Rate information as explained in previous sections. W_EXCH_RATE_G and W_GLOBAL_EXCH_RATE_G are the two tables. W_EXCH_RATE_G stores all the Currency Conversions present in the source system. It captures data for a Date Range. W_GLOBAL_EXCH_RATE_G has Global Currency Conversions stored at a Daily level. However the challenge here is to store all the 5 Global Currency Exchange Rates in a single record for each From Currency. Let’s voyage further into the Source System Extraction logic for each of these tables and understand the flow briefly. EBS: In EBS, we have Currency Data stored in GL_DAILY_RATES table. As the name indicates GL_DAILY_RATES EBS table has data at a daily level. However in our warehouse we store the data with a Date Range and insert a new range record only when the Exchange Rate changes for a particular From Currency, To Currency and Rate Type. Below are the main logical steps that we employ in this process. (Incremental Flow only) – Cleanup the data in W_EXCH_RATE_G. Delete the records which have Start Date > minimum conversion date Update the End Date of the existing records. Compress the daily data from GL_DAILY_RATES table into Range Records. Incremental map uses $$XRATE_UPD_NUM_DAY as an extra parameter. Generate Previous Rate, Previous Date and Next Date for each of the Daily record from the OLTP. Filter out the records which have Conversion Rate same as Previous Rates or if the Conversion Date lies within a single day range. Mark the records as ‘Keep’ and ‘Filter’ and also get the final End Date for the single Range record (Unique Combination of From Date, To Date, Rate and Conversion Date). Filter the records marked as ‘Filter’ in the INFA map. The above steps will load W_EXCH_RATE_GS. Step 0 updates/deletes W_EXCH_RATE_G directly. SIL map will then insert/update the GS data into W_EXCH_RATE_G. These steps convert the daily records in GL_DAILY_RATES to Range records in W_EXCH_RATE_G. We do not need such special logic for loading W_GLOBAL_EXCH_RATE_G. This is a table where we store data at a Daily Granular Level. However we need to pivot the data because the data present in multiple rows in source tables needs to be stored in different columns of the same row in DW. We use GROUP BY and CASE logic to achieve this. Fusion: Fusion has extraction logic very similar to EBS. The only difference is that the Cleanup logic that was mentioned in step 0 above does not use $$XRATE_UPD_NUM_DAY parameter. In Fusion we bring all the Exchange Rates in Incremental as well and do the cleanup. The SIL then takes care of Insert/Updates accordingly. PeopleSoft:PeopleSoft does not have From Date and To Date explicitly in the Source tables. Let’s look at an example. Please note that this is achieved from PS1 onwards only. 1 Jan 2010 – USD to INR – 45 31 Jan 2010 – USD to INR – 46 PSFT stores records in above fashion. This means that Exchange Rate of 45 for USD to INR is applicable for 1 Jan 2010 to 30 Jan 2010. We need to store data in this fashion in DW. Also PSFT has Exchange Rate stored as RATE_MULT and RATE_DIV. We need to do a RATE_MULT/RATE_DIV to get the correct Exchange Rate. We generate From Date and To Date while extracting data from source and this has certain assumptions: If a record gets updated/inserted in the source, it will be extracted in incremental. Also if this updated/inserted record is between other dates, then we also extract the preceding and succeeding records (based on dates) of this record. This is required because we need to generate a range record and we have 3 records whose ranges have changed. Taking the same example as above, if there is a new record which gets inserted on 15 Jan 2010; the new ranges are 1 Jan to 14 Jan, 15 Jan to 30 Jan and 31 Jan to Next available date. Even though 1 Jan record and 31 Jan have not changed, we will still extract them because the range is affected. Similar logic is used for Global Exchange Rate Extraction. We create the Range records and get it into a Temporary table. Then we join to Day Dimension, create individual records and pivot the data to get the 5 Global Exchange Rates for each From Currency, Date and Rate Type. Siebel: Siebel Facts are dependent on Global Exchange Rates heavily and almost none of them really use individual Exchange Rates. In other words, W_GLOBAL_EXCH_RATE_G is the main table used in Siebel from PS1 release onwards. As of January 2002, the Euro Triangulation method for converting between currencies belonging to EMU members is not needed for present and future currency exchanges. However, the method is still available in Siebel applications, as are the old currencies, so that historical data can be maintained accurately. The following description applies only to historical data needing conversion prior to the 2002 switch to the Euro for the EMU member countries. If a country is a member of the European Monetary Union (EMU), you should convert its currency to other currencies through the Euro. This is called triangulation, and it is used whenever either currency being converted has EMU Triangulation checked. Due to this, there are multiple extraction flows in SEBL ie. EUR to EMU, EUR to NonEMU, EUR to DMC and so on. We load W_EXCH_RATE_G through multiple flows with these data. This has been kept same as previous versions of OBIA. W_GLOBAL_EXCH_RATE_G being a new table does not have such needs. However SEBL does not have From Date and To Date columns in the Source tables similar to PSFT. We use similar extraction logic as explained in PSFT section for SEBL as well. What if all 5 Global Currencies configured are same? As mentioned in previous sections, from PS1 onwards we store Global Exchange Rates in W_GLOBAL_EXCH_RATE_G table. The extraction logic for this table involves Pivoting data from multiple rows into a single row with 5 Global Exchange Rates in 5 columns. As mentioned in previous sections, we use CASE and GROUP BY functions to achieve this. This approach poses a unique problem when all the 5 Global Currencies Chosen are same. For example – If the user configures all 5 Global Currencies as ‘USD’ then the extract logic will not be able to generate a record for From Currency=USD. This is because, not all Source Systems will have a USD->USD conversion record. We have _Generated mappings to take care of this case. We generate a record with Conversion Rate=1 for such cases. Reusable Lookups Before PS1, we had a Mapplet for Currency Conversions. In PS1, we only have reusable Lookups- LKP_W_EXCH_RATE_G and LKP_W_GLOBAL_EXCH_RATE_G. These lookups have another layer of logic so that all the lookup conditions are met when they are used in various Fact Mappings. Any user who would want to do a LKP on W_EXCH_RATE_G or W_GLOBAL_EXCH_RATE_G should and must use these Lookups. A direct join or Lookup on the tables might lead to wrong data being returned. Changing Currency preferences in the Dashboard: In the 796x series, all amount metrics in OBIA were showing the Global1 amount. The customer needed to change the metric definitions to show them in another Currency preference. Project Analytics started supporting currency preferences since 7.9.6 release though, and it published a Tech note for other module customers to add toggling between currency preferences to the solution. List of Currency Preferences Starting from 11.1.1.x release, the BI Platform added a new feature to support multiple currencies. The new session variable (PREFERRED_CURRENCY) is populated through a newly introduced currency prompt. This prompt can take its values from the xml file: userpref_currencies_OBIA.xml, which is hosted in the BI Server installation folder, under :< home>\instances\instance1\config\OracleBIPresentationServicesComponent\coreapplication_obips1\userpref_currencies.xml This file contains the list of currency preferences, like“Local Currency”, “Global Currency 1”,…which customers can also rename to give them more meaningful business names. There are two options for showing the list of currency preferences to the user in the dashboard: Static and Dynamic. In Static mode, all users will see the full list as in the user preference currencies file. In the Dynamic mode, the list shown in the currency prompt drop down is a result of a dynamic query specified in the same file. Customers can build some security into the rpd, so the list of currency preferences will be based on the user roles…BI Applications built a subject area: “Dynamic Currency Preference” to run this query, and give every user only the list of currency preferences required by his application roles. Adding Currency to an Amount Field When the user selects one of the items from the currency prompt, all the amounts in that page will show in the Currency corresponding to that preference. For example, if the user selects “Global Currency1” from the prompt, all data will be showing in Global Currency 1 as specified in the Configuration Manager. If the user select “Local Currency”, all amount fields will show in the Currency of the Business Unit selected in the BU filter of the same page. If there is no particular Business Unit selected in that filter, and the data selected by the query contains amounts in more than one currency (for example one BU has USD as a functional currency, the other has EUR as functional currency), then subtotals will not be available (cannot add USD and EUR amounts in one field), and depending on the set up (see next paragraph), the user may receive an error. There are two ways to add the Currency field to an amount metric: In the form of currency code, like USD, EUR…For this the user needs to add the field “Apps Common Currency Code” to the report. This field is in every subject area, usually under the table “Currency Tag” or “Currency Code”… In the form of currency symbol ($ for USD, € for EUR,…) For this, the user needs to format the amount metrics in the report as a currency column, by specifying the currency tag column in the Column Properties option in Column Actions drop down list. Typically this column should be the “BI Common Currency Code” available in every subject area. Select Column Properties option in the Edit list of a metric. In the Data Format tab, select Custom as Treat Number As. Enter the following syntax under Custom Number Format: [$:currencyTagColumn=Subjectarea.table.column] Where Column is the “BI Common Currency Code” defined to take the currency code value based on the currency preference chosen by the user in the Currency preference prompt.

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  • How do I correctly organize output into columns?

    - by wrongusername
    The first thing that comes to my mind is to do a bunch of \t's, but that would cause words to be misaligned if any word is longer than any other word by a few characters. For example, I would like to have something like: Name Last Name Middle initial Bob Jones M Joe ReallyLongLastName T Instead, by including only "\t"'s in my cout statement I can only manage to get Name Last Name Middle initial Bob Jones M Joe ReallyLongLastName T or Name Last Name Middle initial Bob Jones M Joe ReallyLongLastName T What else would I need to do?

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  • How do I create midi data to trigger an Ultrabeat pattern in Logic?

    - by user289581
    I've made some Ultrabeat patterns but I can't figure out how to trigger them. I make the pattern on C-1, then I go back to the arrange window and hit record and then hit C1 on my keyboard, and it doesn't play the pattern, it just plays a single note. I have Pattern Mode enabled on Ultrabeat and I'm using a one-shot trigger but I can't seem to trigger my pattern to play at all. What am I doing wrong?

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