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  • Sharing VBO with multiple objects and fixed size buffer data

    - by Mark Ingram
    I'm just messing around with OpenGL and getting some basic structures in place and my first attempt resulted in each SceneObject class (just contains vertex information right now) having it's own VBO inside it, however I've read that it might be better to share VBOs across multiple objects. Also, I read that you should avoid resizing a VBO (repeated calls to glBufferData with different size parameters), and instead choose a fixed size for a VBO, and just try a range from the buffer. I don't think changing the size of the buffer data would happen too often, but surely it would be better to only allocate the data you need? Choosing an arbitrary value seems risky. I'm looking for some advice on working with individual objects in a scene and their associated buffer data.

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  • How do GameEngines stop Pixel Seams appearing in adjacent mesh boundaries due to FP imprecision?

    - by ufomorace
    Graphics cards are mathematically imprecise. So when some meshes are joined by their borders, the graphics card often makes mistakes and decides that some pixels at the seam represent neither object, and unwanted pixels appear. It's a natural behaviour on all graphics cards. How are such worries avoided in Pro Games? Batching? Shaders? Different tangent vectors? Merging? Overlaping seams? Dark backgrounds? Extra vertices at borders? Z precision? Camera distance tweaks? Screencap of a fix that ended up not working:

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  • Using Behavior Trees and Events together

    - by weichsem
    I am beginning to work with behavior trees and am unsure how events should be handled within the tree. Lets say we have a space game where the player is dogfighting with a handful of other ships, some friendly some not. The player destroys a ship and the rest of the hostile ships should then start to retreat. How was should the shipWasDestroyed event effect the other ship's behavior trees so that they start running the retreat behavior? One way I could think of doing this is have all the conditions I care about be high level nodes that effectively state change the ship. This would mean I'd have to check all of these state change conditions on every frame the behavior tree was run, even if they are very rare occurrences. I'd prefer not doing this for performance and complexity reasons. From looking at the Halo papers on behavior trees it seems that they handled this by dynamically placing nodes into the tree when the event occurred. It seems like calculating where the new node should go could be problematic depending on the current state of the running behavior. How is this normally handled?

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  • What makes puzzle games addictive?

    - by Bryan Denny
    I'm currently developing a puzzle game for Android that is sort of along the lines of Alchemy. I was wondering what makes games like Alchemy or Bejeweled so addicting? How do I keep players interested in the game to want to play it over and over? Is it the scores? Level advancement? The challenges? What should I be doing to try and keep a player engaged with a puzzle game since they are often quite repetitive?

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  • Reloading Resources on Resume

    - by Siddharth
    I'm having a problem with my game. If I press the "Home button" the game is paused... everythings fine, but if I then go back to the game all the resources are reloaded before I can continue the game. And it takes quite a bit. Is this normal, or is there a way to avoid the reloading? I have write following code in onResume and onPause method. It loads same texture again and again on resume of game. @Override protected void onPause() { super.onPause(); if (Utility.flagSound && mScene != null) { if (mScene.getUserData().equals(Constants.GAME_SCENE)) Utility.isPlayLevelMusic = false; else Utility.isPlayLevelMusic = true; audioManager.gameBgMusic.pause(); audioManager.levelBgMusic.pause(); } if (this.mEngine != null && this.mEngine.isRunning()) { this.mEngine.stop(); } } @Override protected void onResume() { super.onResume(); if (audioManager != null && Utility.flagSound && dataManager != null) { if (Utility.flagSound) { if (Utility.isPlayLevelMusic) audioManager.levelBgMusic.play(); else audioManager.gameBgMusic.play(); } } if (this.mEngine != null && !this.mEngine.isRunning()) { this.mEngine.start(); } } I would be glad if anybody could help...

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  • Why are textures always square powers of two? What if they aren't?

    - by Keavon
    Why are the resolution of textures in games always a power of two (128x128, 256x256, 512x512, 1024x1024, etc.)? Wouldn't it be smart to save on the game's file size and make the texture exactly fit the UV unwrapped model? What would happen if there was a texture that was not a power of two? Would it be incorrect to have a texture be something like 256x512, or 512x1024? Or would this cause the problems that non-power-of-two textures may cause?

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  • What are good JS libraries for game dev?

    - by acidzombie24
    If I decide to write a simple game both text and graphical (2d) what libraries would I use? (Assume we are using a HTML5 compatible browser) The main things I can think of Rendering text on screen Animating sprites (using images/css) Input (capturing the arrow keys and getting relative mouse positions) Perhaps some preloading resource or dynamically loading resources and choosing order Sound (but I am unsure how important this will be to me at first). Perhaps with mixing and chaining sounds or looping forever until stop. Networking (low priority) to connect a user to another or to continuously GET data without multiple request (I know this exist but I don't know how easy it is to setup or use. But this isn't important to me. Its for the question).

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  • Using Appendbuffers in unity for terrain generation

    - by Wardy
    Like many others I figured I would try and make the most of the monster processing power of the GPU but I'm having trouble getting the basics in place. CPU code: using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class Test : MonoBehaviour { public ComputeShader Generator; public MeshTopology Topology; void OnEnable() { var computedMeshPoints = ComputeMesh(); CreateMeshFrom(computedMeshPoints); } private Vector3[] ComputeMesh() { var size = (32*32) * 4; // 4 points added for each x,z pos var buffer = new ComputeBuffer(size, 12, ComputeBufferType.Append); Generator.SetBuffer(0, "vertexBuffer", buffer); Generator.Dispatch(0, 1, 1, 1); var results = new Vector3[size]; buffer.GetData(results); buffer.Dispose(); return results; } private void CreateMeshFrom(Vector3[] generatedPoints) { var filter = GetComponent<MeshFilter>(); var renderer = GetComponent<MeshRenderer>(); if (generatedPoints.Length > 0) { var mesh = new Mesh { vertices = generatedPoints }; var colors = new Color[generatedPoints.Length]; var indices = new int[generatedPoints.Length]; //TODO: build this different based on topology of the mesh being generated for (int i = 0; i < indices.Length; i++) { indices[i] = i; colors[i] = Color.blue; } mesh.SetIndices(indices, Topology, 0); mesh.colors = colors; mesh.RecalculateNormals(); mesh.Optimize(); mesh.RecalculateBounds(); filter.sharedMesh = mesh; } else { filter.sharedMesh = null; } } } GPU code: #pragma kernel Generate AppendStructuredBuffer<float3> vertexBuffer : register(u0); void genVertsAt(uint2 xzPos) { //TODO: put some height generation code here. // could even run marching cubes / dual contouring code. float3 corner1 = float3( xzPos[0], 0, xzPos[1] ); float3 corner2 = float3( xzPos[0] + 1, 0, xzPos[1] ); float3 corner3 = float3( xzPos[0], 0, xzPos[1] + 1); float3 corner4 = float3( xzPos[0] + 1, 0, xzPos[1] + 1 ); vertexBuffer.Append(corner1); vertexBuffer.Append(corner2); vertexBuffer.Append(corner3); vertexBuffer.Append(corner4); } [numthreads(32, 1, 32)] void Generate (uint3 threadId : SV_GroupThreadID, uint3 groupId : SV_GroupID) { uint2 currentXZ = unint2( groupId.x * 32 + threadId.x, groupId.z * 32 + threadId.z); genVertsAt(currentXZ); } Can anyone explain why when I call "buffer.GetData(results);" on the CPU after the compute dispatch call my buffer is full of Vector3(0,0,0), I'm not expecting any y values yet but I would expect a bunch of thread indexes in the x,z values for the Vector3 array. I'm not getting any errors in any of this code which suggests it's correct syntax-wise but maybe the issue is a logical bug. Also: Yes, I know I'm generating 4,000 Vector3's and then basically round tripping them. However, the purpose of this code is purely to learn how round tripping works between CPU and GPU in Unity.

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  • Keeping rotation between two objects

    - by user99
    In my XNA game I have two objects that collide. When the first object collides with the other it is able to latch on to it and move it about the world. I am having a problem with the math here (Math isn't my strong point). I currently have the second object latch on to the first and move around with it, but I cannot get it to keep it's original direction. So, if the object is facing up it should keep this direction relative to how it is being rotated with the original item. Any tips on how I could best to achieve this?

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  • What calls trigger a new batch?

    - by sebf
    I am finding my project is starting to show performance degradation and I need to optimize it. The answer to my previous question and this presentation from NVidia have helped greatly in understanding the performance characteristics of code using the GPU but there are a couple of things that aren't clear that I need to know to optimize my drawing. Specifically, what calls make the distinction between batches. I know that any state changes cause a new batch, so that includes: Render State Changes Buffer Changes Shader Changes Render Target Changes Correct? What else counts as a 'state change'? Does each Draw**Primitive() call constitute a new batch? Even if I were to issue the same call twice, with no state changes, or call it once on on part of the buffer, then again on another? If I were to update a buffer, but not change the bindings, would that be a new batch? That presentation and a DX9 page suggest using all of the texture slots available, which I take to mean loading multiple objects in 'parallel' by mapping their buffers/shaders/textures to slots 1-16. But I am not sure how this works - surely to do this you would need to change the buffer binding and that would count as a state change? (or is it a case of you do but it saves 16 calls so its OK?)

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  • Logic that can traverse all possible layouts, but not checking every combination of identical pieces?

    - by George Bailey
    Suppose we have a grid of arbitrary size, which is filled by blocks of various widths and heights. There are many 2x2 blocks (meaning they take a total of 4 cells in the grid) and many 3x3 blocks, as well as some 5x4, 4x5, 2x3, etc. I was hoping I could set up a program that would look at all possible layouts, and rank them, and find the best one. Simply it would look at all possible positions of these blocks, and see what setup is the best rank. (the rank based on how many of these can be connected by a roadway system of 1x1 road blocks, and how many squares can be left empty after this is done. - wanting to fit the most blocks as possible with the least roads.) My question, is how should I traverse all the possibilities? I could take all the blocks and try them one at a time, but since all 2x2 blocks are equal, and there are a couple dozen of them, there is no point in trying every combination there, as in the following AA BBB AA BBB CCBBB CCEEE DD EEE DD EEE is exactly the same as CC EEE CC EEE AAEEE AABBB DD BBB DD BBB You notice that there are 2 3x3 blocks and 3 2x2 blocks in my two examples. Based on the model I have now, the computer would try both of these combinations, as well as many others. The problem is that it is going to try every single possible variation of my couple dozen 2x2 blocks. And that is sorely inefficient. Is there a reasonable way to take out this duplicated work, somehow getting the computer program to treat all 2x2 blocks as equal/identical, instead of one requiring rearranging/swapping of these identical blocks? Can this be done?

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  • How to show other characters in online 2D rpg

    - by Loligans
    I have Player 1 and Player 2 I am using Json to send and retrieve player data between the client and the server, but when another player logs in, and is in the same map, how would I send that data to both players to update the graphics engine to show there are 2 Players on the map? About my game it is a 2D RPG tile based game it is 24x15 Tiles it is Real time Action it should interact anywhere between 10-150 ping players interact with each other when in the same map and can see each other moving around the game world is persistent, and is saved when the server shuts down Right now the server just sends the player Only their information which is inside a Json Object Here is an example of what I am talking about If you notice there are 2 separate characters in 2 separate clients, but they are running on the same server. I am trying to get them to show up on both clients, but I don't know how I should accomplish this. Should I send it as an added value in the Json object? Also what is the name of this process so I can look it up and find more info on it?

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  • Comparing angles and working out the difference

    - by Thomas O
    I want to compare angles and get an idea of the distance between them. For this application, I'm working in degrees, but it would also work for radians and grads. The problem with angles is that they depend on modular arithmetic, i.e. 0-360 degrees. Say one angle is at 15 degrees and one is at 45. The difference is 30 degrees, and the 45 degree angle is greater than the 15 degree one. But, this breaks down when you have, say, 345 degrees and 30 degrees. Although they compare properly, the difference between them is 315 degrees instead of the correct 45 degrees. How can I solve this? I could write algorithmic code: if(angle1 > angle2) delta_theta = 360 - angle2 - angle1; else delta_theta = angle2 - angle1; But I'd prefer a solution that avoids compares/branches, and relies entirely on arithmetic.

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  • Setting the values of a struct array from JS to GLSL

    - by mikidelux
    I've been trying to make a structure that will contain all the lights of my WebGL app, and I'm having troubles setting up it's values from JS. The structure is as follows: struct Light { vec4 position; vec4 ambient; vec4 diffuse; vec4 specular; vec3 spotDirection; float spotCutOff; float constantAttenuation; float linearAttenuation; float quadraticAttenuation; float spotExponent; float spotLightCosCutOff; }; uniform Light lights[numLights]; After testing LOTS of things I made it work but I'm not happy with the code I wrote: program.uniform.lights = []; program.uniform.lights.push({ position: "", diffuse: "", specular: "", ambient: "", spotDirection: "", spotCutOff: "", constantAttenuation: "", linearAttenuation: "", quadraticAttenuation: "", spotExponent: "", spotLightCosCutOff: "" }); program.uniform.lights[0].position = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "lights[0].position"); program.uniform.lights[0].diffuse = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "lights[0].diffuse"); program.uniform.lights[0].specular = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "lights[0].specular"); program.uniform.lights[0].ambient = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "lights[0].ambient"); ... and so on I'm sorry for making you look at this code, I know it's horrible but I can't find a better way. Is there a standard or recommended way of doing this properly? Can anyone enlighten me?

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  • XNA CustomModelAnimationSample problem

    - by Mentoliptus
    I downloaded the official tutorial from:CustomModelAnimationSample It works fine but when I try to replicate it in my project, it fails to load the Tag property in my model. Is found that the probelm is in the line: skinnedModel = Content.Load<Model>("DudeWalk"); This line loads the model from the DudeWalk.fbx file and with the custom SkinnedModelProcessor. It loads the animations data in the model. After the line the Tag property is full. I stepped into the method and it went to the custom ModelData class. I copied everything from the projects CustomModelAnimationWindows and CustomModelAnimationPipeline to my solution and set all the references. I tried the same line of code and couldn't step in the method. It called the default method or model constructor and after the line the model's Tag propetry was null. I have to load the model through my custom SkinnedModelProcessor class, but how I tell the game to use this class? In the tutroail CustomModelClass the line is changed to: model = Content.Load<CustomModel>("tank"); So I assumed that I have to set the generic type to a custom model class, but the first example works without it. If anyone has some useful advice or some other helpful link, I'll be happy to try it.

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  • Newton Game Dynamics: Making an object not affect another object

    - by Boreal
    I'm going to be using Newton in my networked action game with Mogre. There will be two "types" of physics object: global and local. Global objects will be kept in sync for everybody; these include the players, projectiles, and other gameplay-related objects. Local objects are purely for effect, like ragdolls, debris, and particles. Is there a way to make the global objects affect the local objects without actually getting affected themselves? I'd like debris to bounce off of a tank, but I don't want the tank to respond in any way.

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  • Is it safe StringToHash() to use in Unity?

    - by Sebastian Krysmanski
    I'm currently browsing through the Unity tutorials and saw that they're recommending to use Animator.StringToHash("some string") to created unique ids for animation properties (see here). Since I'm a programmer, to me the word "hash" doesn't represents something unique. Like the Java documentation for hashValue() states: It is not required that if two objects are unequal [...], then calling the hashCode method on each of the two objects must produce distinct integer results. So, according to this (and my definition of "hash"), two strings may have the same hash value. (You can also argue that there are an infinite number of possible strings but only 2^32 possible int values.) So, is there a possibility that StringToHash() will give me an id that actually belongs to another property (than the one I requested the hash for)?

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  • Apply bone tranforms when importing FBX in XNA

    - by hichaeretaqua
    Preconditions: I have some models, that does only contain some meshes and one texture. There is no animation within the model. An example: a model of a table. I want to draw the Model with a custom effect, so I have to swap the effect after loading the model. In order to draw them correctly, I have to apply the bone transformation manually on each draw for each mesh and effect as can be seen here. So there are two questions: Is there a option during import that allows my to apply the bone transformation on all vertices, so that during draw call I should not have to do this? Is there a option during import that merges all vertices into a Vertex- and IndexBuffer, that allows me to draw the whole model with just one call? I'm pretty sure that the build-in "Autodesk FBX - XNA Framework" does not support this features, but maybe there is an other imported available or an other possibility I missed. The aim is to speed up rendering a little bit especially by using instancing. So having one VertexBuffer to draw at one time would be pretty nice.

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  • Worker roles in Windows Azure to host a multiplayer server

    - by MrWiggels
    I've been doing research on where to host a simple multi-player backend for a simple game I'm developing. So as a first choice I downloaded the Windows Azure SDK, which provides a nice and simple emulator environment where you can test out your application before uploading. I also download the Azure Social Game Toolkit (Visit), and followed as far as my understanding can take me. So, down to the main question. Is there anybody with experience developing Azure applications. I'm developing a Action RPG game, in a similar vein to Diablo III. I was thinking of putting up Matchmaking, Friends Lists, etc. Is there another way to connect to Azure services via something like UDP or TCP for sending packets or does everything have to go through HTTP requests? Is it even possible to use HTTP request/response for something like this? All game commands will be simple. Because the game server and the clients will be kept in-sync and will have deterministic actions, I'm just going to send actions like "Use Primary Skill" and "Use Secondary Skill". Any hints, ideas, light bulbs or a smack-in-the-face presentation will be much appreciated.

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  • Simpler alternative to AngelScript

    - by Vee
    I want to give players the ability to create and share bullet patterns for a shoot'em up. The pattern scripts should have all the common programming stuff like loops, if/else, variables, and so on. But in the end, I just want them to call a "spawn bullet at X, Y with Z angle and A speed" in the C++ game. To spawn a circle of bullets, the user should only have to write a script with a for loop that goes from 0 to 360 and calls the spawn bullet function on every iteration. I tried integrating AngelScript, but I am getting nowhere - it looks way to complex for a simple task like this one. Is there an easy to integrate library that can solve my problem? Thanks.

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  • 2D shader to draw representation of rotating sphere.

    - by TheBigO
    I want to display a 3D textured sphere, and then rotate it in one direction. The direction will never change, and the camera will never move. One way is to actually create a spherical mesh, map a texture to it, rotate the sphere, and render in 3D. My question is, is there a way to display a 2D circle, that looks like a rotating sphere, with just a 2D shader. In other words, can someone think of a trick, like mapping a texture to the circle in a particular way, to give the appearance of an in-place rotating sphere, that is always viewed from the side? I don't need exact shader code, I'm just looking for the right idea.

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  • How to achieve uniform speed of movement in cocos 2d?

    - by Andrey Chernukha
    I'm an absolute beginner in cocos2 , actually i started dealing with it yesterday. What i'm trying to do is moving an image along Bezier curve. This is how i do it - (void)startFly { [self runAction:[CCSequence actions: [CCBezierBy actionWithDuration:timeFlying bezier:[self getPathWithDirection:currentDirection]], [CCCallFuncN actionWithTarget:self selector:@selector(endFly)], nil]]; } My issue is that the image moves not uniformly. In the beginning it's moving slowly and then it accelerates gradually and at the end it's moving really fast. What should i do to get rid of this acceleration?

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  • XNA frame rate spikes in full screen mode

    - by ProgrammerAtWork
    I'm loading a simple texture and rotating it in XNA, and this works. But when I run it in full screen 1920x1080 mode I see spikes while my texture is rotating. If I run it windowed with 1920x1080 resolution, I don't get the spikes. The size of the texture does not seem to matter, I tried 512 texture size and 2048 texture size, same thing happens. Spikes in full screen, no spikes in windowed, resolution does not seem to matter, Debug or Release does not seem to do anything either. Anyone got ideas of what could be the problem? Edit: I think this problem has something to do with the vertical retrace. Set this property: _graphicsDeviceManager.SynchronizeWithVerticalRetrace = false; you'll lose vsync but it will not stutter.

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  • Math > Logic for a Logarithmic Score Meter

    - by oodavid
    I'm trying to implement a score meter whereby I specify a maximum value (say 15,000) and I can render values on it in a logarithmic manner ie: +------+---+--+-++ +------+---+--+-++ |== | |====== | +------+---+--+-++ +------+---+--+-++ 200 pts 1,000 pts +------+---+--+-++ +------+---+--+-++ |============= | |================| +------+---+--+-++ +------+---+--+-++ 5,000 pts 15,000 pts + The upper bound needs to be variable, and need to be able to convert a score to a percentage, using the above mockup as an example: score2pct(15000, 200) = 0.2 score2pct(15000, 1000) = 0.4 score2pct(15000, 5000) = 0.8 score2pct(15000, 15000) = 1 Does anyone have any pointers for me?

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  • Move projectile in direction the gun is facing

    - by Manderin87
    I am attempting to have a projectile follow the direction a gun is facing. When using the following code I am unable to make the projectile go in the right direction. float speed = .5f; float dX = (float) -Math.cos(Math.toRadians(degree)) * speed; float dY = (float) Math.sin(Math.toRadians(degree)) * speed; Can anyone tell me what I am doing wrong? The degree is the direction the gun is facing in degree's.

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