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• Actual long double precision does not agree with std::numeric_limits

  - by dmb

  Working on Mac OS X 10.6.2, Intel, with i686-apple-darwin10-g++-4.2.1, and compiling with the -arch x86_64 flag, I just noticed that while... std::numeric_limits<long double>::max_exponent10 = 4932 ...as is expected, when a long double is actually set to a value with exponent greater than 308, it becomes inf--ie in reality it only has 64bit precision instead of 80bit. Also, sizeof() is showing long doubles to be 16 bytes, which they should be. Finally, using gives the same results as . Does anyone know where the discrepancy might be? long double x = 1e308, y = 1e309; cout << std::numeric_limits::max_exponent10 << endl; cout << x << '\t' << y << endl; cout << sizeof(x) << endl; gives 4932 1e+308 inf 16

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• Process Memory limit of 64-bit process

  - by prakash

  I currently have a 32-bit .Net application (on x86 Windows) which require lots of memory. Recently it started throwing System.OutOfMemoryException's. So, I am planning to move it to a x64 platform as 64-bit process. So will this help with the out of memory exceptions. I was reading this article from MSDN Memory limits for Windows So, my question is if I compile a 64bit .Net application, will it have IMAGE_FILE_LARGE_ADDRESS_AWARE set as default (As the article suggests)? i.e will I be able to take advantage of the 8GB user-mode virtual address space?

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• VS2008 on Win7 64-Bit: Debugging a Windows Service

  - by Richard

  Hi all, I'm trying to debug a Windows Service using VS2008 on Win7 64-Bit. The problem I'm having is that none of my breakpoints are being hit, regardless of which build configuration I choose: x86, x64 or AnyCPU. Using "Attach to Process" after the service has started, none of the breakpoints are hit - yet the IDE doesn't inform me that they won't be hit (by making the solid red circle and outline, for instance) - it simply seems to act as if the breakpoints weren't even there. Can anyone point me in the right direction here? Thanks /Richard.

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• VS2010 on XP SP3 64 bit

  - by Dan B

  Hello, We are soon to get VS2010 and according to the link below, Microsoft do not support VS2010 on XP x64. http://www.microsoft.com/visualstudio/en-us/products/2010-editions/professional/system-requirements Does anyone have XP 64bit running VS2010? I am not interested in 64bit version of VS (I am wanting to install a 32bit version of VS2010 professional on a 64 bit XP machine). I am aware that XP will require SP3. Any warnings? Horror stories? Advice?

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• x86_64 printf segfault after brk call

  - by gmb11

  While i was trying do use brk (int 0x80 with 45 in %rax) to implement a simple memory manager program in assembly and print the blocks in order, i kept getting segfault. After a while i could only reproduce the error, but have no idea why is this happening: .section .data helloworld: .ascii "hello world" .section .text .globl _start _start: push %rbp mov %rsp, %rbp movq $45, %rax movq $0, %rbx #brk(0) should just return the current break of the programm int $0x80 #incq %rax #segfault #addq $1, %rax #segfault movq $0, %rax #works fine? #addq $1, %rax #segfault again? movq $helloworld, %rdi call printf movq $1, %rax #exit int $0x80 In the example here, if the commented lines are uncommented, i have a segfault, but some commands (like de movq $0, %rax) work just fine. In my other program, the first couple printf work, but the third crashes... Looking for other questions, i heard that printf sometimes allocates some memory, and that the brk shouldn't be used, because in this case it corrupts the heap or something... I'm very confused, does anyone know something about that? EDIT: I've just found out that for printf to work you need %rax=0.

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• How to install python2.6-devel package under CentOs 5

  - by Creotiv

  I need to install mysql-python under python2.6. mysql-python package needs python2.6-devel package that depends on the libpython2.6.so.1.0(64bit) I found on the net some python2.6-devel packages, but can't find libpython2.6 Server architecture is x86_64. Maybe someone have this lib, or know where i can find it. Thanks for help)

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• How to access C arrays from assembler for Windows x64?

  - by 0xdword32

  I've written an assembler function to speed up a few things for image processing (images are created with CreateDIBSection). For Win32 the assembler code works without problems, but for Win64 I get a crash as soon as I try to access my array data. I put the relevant info in a struct and my assembler function gets a pointer to this struct. The struct pointer is put into ebx/rbx and with indexing I read the data from the struct. Any idea what I am doing wrong? I use nasm together with Visual Studio 2008 and for Win64 I set "default rel". C++ code: struct myData { tUInt32 ulParam1; void* pData; }; CallMyAssemblerFunction(&myData); Assembler Code: Win32: ... push ebp; mov ebp,esp mov ebx, [ebp + 8]; pointer to our struct mov eax, [ebx]; ulParam1 mov esi, [ebx + 4]; pData, 4 byte pointer movd xmm0, [esi]; ... Win64: ... mov rbx, rcx; pointer to our struct mov eax, [rbx]; ulParam1 mov rsi, [rbx + 4]; pData, 8 byte pointer movd xmm0, [rsi]; CRASH! ...

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• Xcode & 64 bit & 32 bit Question

  - by I00I

  Hello All, I have a 32bit iMac that I am writing an iPhone app in Xcode with, and I was wondering if I saved my project to a flash drive and dropped it on my MacBookPro which is 64 bit and continued to code the iPhone project on my laptop in Xcode would this cause a problem? I don't see how it would since the target is not for either of those computers, but I thought I would ask since I would like to work on the project when I am not always around my iMac. Are there any gottcha's with doing this that I should look out for? Thanks, I00I

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• 0xDEADBEEF equivalent for 64-bit development?

  - by Peter Mortensen

  For C++ development for 32-bit systems (be it Linux, Mac OS or Windows, PowerPC or x86) I have initialised pointers that would otherwise be undefined (e.g. they can not immediately get a proper value) like so: int *pInt = reinterpret_cast<int *>(0xDEADBEEF); (To save typing and being DRY the right-hand side would normally be in a constant, e.g. BAD_PTR.) If pInt is dereferenced before it gets a proper value then it will crash immediately on most systems (instead of crashing much later when some memory is overwritten or going into a very long loop). Of course the behavior is dependent on the underlying hardware (getting a 4 byte integer from the odd address 0xDEADBEEF from a user process may be perfectly valid), but the crashing has been 100% reliable for all the systems I have developed for so far (Mac OS 68xxx, Mac OS PowerPC, Linux Redhat Pentium, Windows GUI Pentium, Windows console Pentium). For instance on PowerPC it is illegal (bus fault) to fetch a 4 byte integer from an odd address. What is a good value for this on 64-bit systems?

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• Why is x86 ugly? aka Why is x86 considered inferior when compared to others?

  - by claws

  Hello, recently I've been reading some SO archives and encountered statements against x86 architecture. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2667256/why-do-we-need-different-cpu-architecture-for-server-mini-mainframe-mixed-cor says "PC architecture is a mess, any OS developer would tell you that." http://stackoverflow.com/questions/82432/is-learning-assembly-language-worth-the-effort says "Realize that the x86 architecture is horrible at best" http://forums.anandtech.com/showthread.php?t=976577 says "Most colleges teach assembly on something like MIPS because it's much simpler to understand, x86 assembly is really ugly" and many more comments like Compared to most architectures, X86 sucks pretty badly. It's definitely the conventional wisdom that X86 is inferior to MIPS, SPARC, and PowerPC x86 is ugly I tried searching but didn't find any reasons. I don't find x86 bad probably because this is the only architecture I'm familiar with. Can someone kindly give me reasons for considering x86 ugly/bad/inferior compared to others.

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• 64bit registers on 32bit binaries: At what an extend are they used? [dependence to OS, Machine consi

  - by Lela Dax

  Any tips to programming would be appreciated.

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• How does loop address alignment affect the speed on Intel x86_64?

  - by Alexander Gololobov

  I'm seeing 15% performance degradation of the same C++ code compiled to exactly same machine instructions but located on differently aligned addresses. When my tiny main loop starts at 0x415220 it's faster then when it is at 0x415250. I'm running this on Intel Core2 Duo. I use gcc 4.4.5 on x86_64 Ubuntu. Can anybody explain the cause of slowdown and how I can force gcc to optimally align the loop? Here is the disassembly for both cases with profiler annotation: 415220 576 12.56% |XXXXXXXXXXXXXX 48 c1 eb 08 shr $0x8,%rbx 415224 110 2.40% |XX 0f b6 c3 movzbl %bl,%eax 415227 0.00% | 41 0f b6 04 00 movzbl (%r8,%rax,1),%eax 41522c 40 0.87% | 48 8b 04 c1 mov (%rcx,%rax,8),%rax 415230 806 17.58% |XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 4c 63 f8 movslq %eax,%r15 415233 186 4.06% |XXXX 48 c1 e8 20 shr $0x20,%rax 415237 102 2.22% |XX 4c 01 f9 add %r15,%rcx 41523a 414 9.03% |XXXXXXXXXX a8 0f test $0xf,%al 41523c 680 14.83% |XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 74 45 je 415283 ::Run(char const*, char const*)+0x4b3 41523e 0.00% | 41 89 c7 mov %eax,%r15d 415241 0.00% | 41 83 e7 01 and $0x1,%r15d 415245 0.00% | 41 83 ff 01 cmp $0x1,%r15d 415249 0.00% | 41 89 c7 mov %eax,%r15d 415250 679 13.05% |XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 48 c1 eb 08 shr $0x8,%rbx 415254 124 2.38% |XX 0f b6 c3 movzbl %bl,%eax 415257 0.00% | 41 0f b6 04 00 movzbl (%r8,%rax,1),%eax 41525c 43 0.83% |X 48 8b 04 c1 mov (%rcx,%rax,8),%rax 415260 828 15.91% |XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 4c 63 f8 movslq %eax,%r15 415263 388 7.46% |XXXXXXXXX 48 c1 e8 20 shr $0x20,%rax 415267 141 2.71% |XXX 4c 01 f9 add %r15,%rcx 41526a 634 12.18% |XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX a8 0f test $0xf,%al 41526c 749 14.39% |XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 74 45 je 4152b3 ::Run(char const*, char const*)+0x4c3 41526e 0.00% | 41 89 c7 mov %eax,%r15d 415271 0.00% | 41 83 e7 01 and $0x1,%r15d 415275 0.00% | 41 83 ff 01 cmp $0x1,%r15d 415279 0.00% | 41 89 c7 mov %eax,%r15d

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• x86_64 assembler: only one call per subroutine?

  - by zneak

  Hello everyone, I decided yesterday to start doing assembler. Most of it is okay (well, as okay as assembler can be), but I'm getting some problems with gas. It seems that I can call functions only once. After that, any subsequent call opcode with the same function name will fail. I must be doing something terribly wrong, though I can't see what. Take this small C function for instance: void path_free(path_t path) { if (path == NULL) return; free(((point_list_t*)path)->points); free(path); } I "translated" it to assembler like that: .globl _path_free _path_free: push rbp mov rbp, rsp cmp rdi, 0 jz byebye push rdi mov rdi, qword ptr [rdi] call _free pop rdi sub rsp, 8 call _free byebye: leave ret This triggers the following error for the second call _free: suffix or operands invalid for ``call''. And if I change it to something else, like free2, everything works (until link time, that is). Assembler code gcc -S gave me looks very similar to what I've done (except it's in AT&T syntax), so I'm kind of lost. I'm doing this on Mac OS X under the x86_64 architecture.

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• starting 64 Bit Windows Application Development

  - by user173438

  I intend to start writing a 64 Bit Scientific Computing Application (signal processing) for Windows using Microsoft Visual Studio 2008. What should I have ready as far as a development platform is concerned? How would it be different from 32 Bit development? What could be the porting issues for a 32 Bit version that I already have (ok - this might too early to ask.. even before I start compiling)? As you might have guessed, I am looking for general directions. All pointers would be much appreciated! :) Thanks in advance..

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• Cheap windows driver signing for 64 bit Windows 7

  - by kayahr

  I need to install the libusb-win32 driver on Windows 7 64 bit machines. This driver is open source so it is not digitally signed so I want to do this my self but I wonder if this can be done WITHOUT paying lot of money. Is it possible to use a certificate which is NOT signed by Verisign or GlobalSign? Maybe self-signed or by using StartSSL instead? And if yes, how do I do it? According to this howto I have to use a "cross-certificate" (And there are only six available on the Microsoft list and most of them are for CAs which are no longer active) I don't care if the user is confronted with a warning message. I can even accept if the user has to install a special CA certificate first. I only require that the driver runs without manually disabling the signature check on each windows startup.

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• About enumerations in Delphi and c++ in 64-bit environments

  - by sum1stolemyname

  I recently had to work around the different default sizes used for enumerations in Delphi and c++ since i have to use a c++ dll from a delphi application. On function call returns an array of structs (or records in delphi), the first element of which is an enum. To make this work, I use packed records (or aligned(1)-structs). However, since delphi selects the size of an enum-variable dynamically by default and uses the smallest datatype possible (it was a byte in my case), but C++ uses an int for enums, my data was not interpreted correctly. Delphi offers a compiler switch to work around this, so the declaration of the enum becomes {$Z4} TTypeofLight = ( V3d_AMBIENT, V3d_DIRECTIONAL, V3d_POSITIONAL, V3d_SPOT ); {$Z1} My Questions are: What will become of my structs when they are compiled on/for a 64-bit environment? Does the default c++ integer grow to 8 Bytes? Are there other memory alignment / data type size modifications (other than pointers)?

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• Select and use a driver with mismatching PID on x64 systems

  - by NeDev

  The Silicon Labs CP210x chip allows the PID to be customized which in turn means a customized driver is needed to have a matching PID. On x64 systems that require driver signing using a customized driver would also require signing that driver. Fortunately it is possible to use the original signed CP210x driver by manually select it for the device as explained here. What I would like to know is if it is possible to use DPinst or some other method to automatically have the original signed CP210x driver selected for the device during install or when the CP210x device is plugged in?

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• 64 bit COM(ActiveX) server

  - by Velja Radenkovic

  Hello, I have activex server exe that was building and registering fine on 32bit OS. I wanted to make 64 bit version of that exe by upgrading project to Visual Studio 2010 and changing platform to X64 which apparently doesn't work. Application itself works but I don't see it registered after running That.exe /RegServer I would appreciate any usable advice on migrating activex from 32 to x64. Code that is processing /RegServer param is below: if(lstrcmpi(lpszToken, _T("RegServer")) == 0) { _Module.UpdateRegistryFromResource(IDR_OUTDISKSARG, TRUE); nRet = _Module.RegisterServer(TRUE); bRun = false; break; } 32 bit activex is unuable for me since I have to load it in x64 .NET process.

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• Book resources for x86/x64 assembly programming on Win platform

  - by Scott Davies

  Hello, I ran a search for assembly language resources on stackoverflow.com and found some interesting results, but they seemed to boil down to two groups: 1) Assembly references to old ia32 architecture, such as the 80386 to Pentium 2) Windows agnostic books. Most of the commenters make the point that assembler is CPU dependent and that the OS is irrelevant, but it seems pointless to me to pick a book that has assembly examples that refer to MS-DOS interrupts and memory layouts. Likewise, learning assembler on Linux would seem to produce Linux executables Are there any: 1) Modern 2) x86/x64 3) on Windows platform - book resources available ? The reason I am targeting the Win platform is I would like to do low-level, OS internals programming, to supplement my Win C/C++ work. Thanks

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• Poco C++ library on OSX 10.8.2: Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64

  - by Arman

  I'm trying to use Poco C++ library to do the simple http requests in C++ on Mac OS X 10.8.2. I installed Poco, copy-pasted the http_request.cc code from this tutorial, ran it with 'g++ -o http_get http_get.cc -lPocoNet', but got: Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64: "Poco::StreamCopier::copyStream(std::basic_istream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, unsigned long)", referenced from: _main in ccKuZb1g.o "Poco::URI::URI(char const*)", referenced from: _main in ccKuZb1g.o "Poco::URI::~URI()", referenced from: _main in ccKuZb1g.o "Poco::URI::getPathAndQuery() const", referenced from: _main in ccKuZb1g.o "Poco::URI::getPort() const", referenced from: _main in ccKuZb1g.o "Poco::Exception::displayText() const", referenced from: _main in ccKuZb1g.o "typeinfo for Poco::Exception", referenced from: GCC_except_table1 in ccKuZb1g.o ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64 collect2: ld returned 1 exit status Have been struggling with this for couple of hours. Any idea how to fix this? Thanks in advance!

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• Examining C/C++ Heap memory statistics in gdb

  - by fd

  I'm trying to investigate the state of the C/C++ heap from within gdb on Linux amd64, is there a nice way to do this? One approach I've tried is to "call mallinfo()" but unfortunately I can't then extract the values I want since gdb deal with the return value properly. I'm not easily able to write a function to be compiled into the binary for the process I am attached to, so I can simply implement my own function to extract the values by calling mallinfo() in my own code this way. Is there perhaps a clever trick that will allow me to do this on-the-fly? Another option could be to locate the heap and traverse the malloc headers / free list; I'd appreciate any pointers to where I could start in finding the location and layout of these. I've been trying to Google and read around the problem for about 2 hours and I've learnt some fascinating stuff but still not found what I need.

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• What happens when a computer program runs?

  - by gaijinco

  I know the general theory but I can't fit in the details. I know that a program resides in the secondary memory of a computer. Once the program begins execution it is entirely copied to the RAM. Then the processor retrive a few instructions (it depends on the size of the bus) at a time, puts them in registers and executes them. I also know that a computer program uses two kinds of memory: stack and heap, which are also part of the primary memory of the computer. The stack is used for non-dynamic memory, and the heap for dynamic memory (for example, everything related to the new operator in C++) What I can't understand is how those two things connect. At what point is the stack used for the execution of the instructions? Instructions go from the RAM, to the stack, to the registers?

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• Producing x86 assembly code from a binary executable/C array

  - by yeeeev

  Hi, I have a C array that contains binary x86_64 machine code, which I need to convert to assembly code on a Linux machine. I have no problem in converting the C array to a binary executable, but can't find the utility to convert it to asm code. Any ideas? Thanks!

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• app.config and 64-bit machines

  - by Dale Lutes

  I have an app that works fine on 32-bit systems, but fails on XP 64 bit systems. I've tracked it down to the connection string defined in my app.config thus: <connectionStrings> <clear/> <add name="IFDSConnectionString" connectionString="Data Source=fdsdata;Initial Catalog=IFDS; Trusted_Connection=true;Connect Timeout=0" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" /> </connectionStrings> When I try to reference it in code, I find that the ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings collection only contains the LocalSqlServer connection string from the machine.config file and not my custom string. Another oddity is that it works fine when I run the app out of Visual Studio. It is only when I run out of the release folder that the connection string does not get defined. The application's .exe.config file is there in the release folder along with the .exe file and is up to date.

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• Implementing traceback on i386

  - by markelliott2000

  Hi, I am currently porting our code from an alpha (Tru64) to an i386 processor (Linux) in C. Everything has gone pretty smoothly up until I looked into porting our exception handling routine. Currently we have a parent process which spawns lots of sub processes, and when one of these sub-processes fatal's (unfielded) I have routines to catch the process. I am currently struggling to find the best method of implementing a traceback routine which can list the function addresses in the error log, currently my routine just prints the the signal which caused the exception and the exception qualifier code. Any help would be greatly received, ideally I would write error handling for all processors, however at this stage I only really care about i386, and x86_64. Thanks Mark

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