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• Move all images in folder to subfolder, and update all references to those images to their new location?

  - by Professor Frink

  I have a folder which contains a ~50 text files (PHP) and hundreds of images. I would like to move all the images to a subfolder, and update the PHP files so any reference to those images point to the new subfolder. I know I can move all the images quite easily (mv *.jpg /image, mv *.gif /image, etc...), but don't know how to go about updating all the text files - I assume a Regex has to be created to match all the images in a file, and then somehow the new directory has to be appended to the image file name? Is this best done with a shell script? Any help is appreciated (Server is Linux/CentOs5) Thanks!

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• Using Gentoo's `ebegin`, `eend` etc under Ubuntu

  - by Marcus Downing

  We're quite fond of the style of the ebegin, eend, eerror, eindent etc commands used by Portage and other tools on Gentoo. The green-yellow-red bullets and standard layout make for very quick spotting of errors, on what would otherwise be very grey command line output. #!/bin/sh source /etc/init.d/functions.sh ebegin "Copying data" rsync .... eend $? Producing output similar to: * Copying data... [ OK ] As a result we're using these commands in some of our common shell scripts, which is a problem for the people using Ubuntu and other linuxes. (linuces? linuxen? linucae? other distros) On Gentoo these functions are provided by OpenRC, and imported with functions.sh file (whose exact position seems to vary slightly). But is there a simple way of getting these commands on Ubuntu? In theory we could replace them all with dull echos, but we'd rather not?

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• Running a webserver behind a firewall I have no access to

  - by reijin

  I'm having a bad time in my student appartment: I want to run a webserver on my Laptop, which should be reachable from outside of the net. I'm sitting behind some proxy-server that passes outgoing packets to the matching server. But when it comes to incoming messages - it wouldn't route them correctly to my PC. (Seems like packets only get passed if some PC from within the student-flat is already connected to the sending server) In the past I had a small virtual private server that was sending incoming website-requests over a reverse shell to my PC. Which then returned the website content, and the visitor could see my website. Sadly I dont have that server anymore... Do you have any idea that might solve my problem? Greetings, Benedikt

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• How to create limited user accounts in Linux

  - by James Willson

  I want to create a user account for each of the key programs installed on my debian server. For example, for the following programs: Tomcat Nginx Supervisor PostgreSQL This seems to be recommended based on my reading online. However, I want to restrict these user accounts as much as possible, so that they dont have a shell login, dont have access to the other programs and are as limited as possible but still functional. Would anyone mind telling me how this could be achieved? My reading so far suggests this: echo "/usr/sbin/nologin" /etc/shells useradd -s /usr/sbin/nologin tomcat But I think there may be a more complete way of doing it. EDIT: I'm using debian squeeze

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• can't execute scripts compiled with shc

  - by serilain

  I'm trying to use SHC to compile a shell script so that I can set the SUID bit on it and obfuscate what it's doing (I'm attempting to have it run as part of all new users' .bashrc). As a test, I wrote a script that's simply: #!/bin/bash env And compiled it using shc -r -f script.sh However, when I try to run the resulting script by simply doing ./script.sh.x, even after setting it to 777 (just for testing purposes), I get "Operation not permitted; killed" unless I run it as sudo (which I don't want to have to do). Am I running afoul of some Ubuntu permissions that won't let me run binaries created by shc? Thanks!

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• Any way to program a system which automatically restores home / sql database

  - by Mirage

  I have made two shell scripts Script 1: It does all Home directory backups with name username_home_date.tar.gz Script 2: It does SQL backups of all sites every 3 hrs. username_databse_date.sql.gz Now currently if I want to restore the site, I have to copy the tar file to /home/username and then untar there with all the permissions as well and then manually import the database. Is there any way (for instance a program, system or script) that I can just select which backup I want to restore and do automatically? Maybe like a cPanel addon thing.

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• Grapher: Edit Equations Without GUI

  - by Nathan G.

  I'm trying to edit the equation of a Grapher file without opening the Grapher UI. I've gotten as far as knowing that I need a hex editor to do this. I can't, however, find my equation in that file to change it. Does anyone know how Grapher stores this information, and how to change it? My ultimate goal is to be able to change the file through the shell so I can open it and have Grapher show me my new equation (that was set with the CL). Thanks! I will set a bounty if necessary.

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• Is it possible to code on two different computers simultaneously?

  - by Muhammad

  I want to work with another programmer and I want the source code to be live in real-time on both of our screens. Is this possible on the Mac OS x or Linux? We're going to be using OS X but occasionally we might need to add an Ubuntu computer too. Is there a way I can do this using ssh, any shell based program, or even a good GUI? I thought Coda might be capable of this but it's not really working. Anyone ever do this? I'm not look for a git/svn/or any other version control system. This is more of a live coding session. :)

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• How to write to a file and, while the file is still being writen, read and parse its contents using

  - by Isabelle

  Hello. I'm actually trying to write a shell script that logs the output of a command to a file but, since the command takes a long time to complete (about 15 minutes), I would like to start parsing the output of the command (content of the file) before the command is completed, so I can send messages to the standard output (the user), like: 10% complete 45% complete and so on. Program steps Redirect command to a file: $(command) $FILE Start reading and parsing the output ($FILE) before the command is finished. I thought of using pararell programming, but I havent't got the hang of it. Any help you be appreciated. Best regards.

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• grep with after-context that does not contain a keyword

  - by ukasz

  I want to grep through logs, and gather a certain exception stacktrace but I want to only see those that do not contain certain keywords in --after-context. I do not know in which line in after-context the keyword is. Simple example - given this shell code: grep -A 2 A <<EOF A B C R A Z Z X EOF the output is: A B C -- A Z Z I'd like the output to be: A Z Z I want to exclude any match that has 'B' in after-context How do I do this? Using grep is not a requirement, though I only have access to coreutils and perl.

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• Syntax for piping varnish logs to rotatelogs

  - by jetboy

  Ubuntu 12.04 Server x64, Varnish 3.0.2 I'm trying to pipe varnishncsa's logs through Apache's rotatelogs, and running from the shell, things work fine: sudo varnishncsa -a -P /var/run/varnishncsa/varnishncsa.pid |/usr/sbin/rotatelogs /var/log/varnish/varnish.log.%Y%m%d%H 3600 creates a new logfile in /var/log/varnish, with rotation every hour (3600 seconds). However, I'm struggling to get things working the same way inside /etc/init.d/varnishncsa: PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin DAEMON=/usr/bin/$NAME PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME/$NAME.pid LOGFILE=/var/log/varnish/varnishncsa.log USER=varnishlog DAEMON_OPTS="-a -P ${PIDFILE}" DAEMON_PIPE="|/usr/sbin/rotatelogs /var/log/varnish/varnish.log.%Y%m%d%H 3600" ... start_varnishncsa() { output=$(/bin/tempfile -s.varnish) log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME" create_pid_directory if start-stop-daemon --start --verbose --pidfile ${PIDFILE} \ --chuid $USER --exec ${DAEMON} -- ${DAEMON_OPTS} \ > ${output} 2>&1; then log_end_msg 0 else log_end_msg 1 cat $output exit 1 fi rm $output } Where should I put DAEMON_PIPE in the above code? I've tried at the end of: if start-stop-daemon --start --verbose --pidfile ${PIDFILE} which is where additional command line parameters usually go, but it isn't creating a logfile.

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• How do I setup a Gnome 3.2 VPN connection (Fedora 16)

  - by mpeters

  I just switched to Gnome 3 on a new laptop to try it out. Lots of things are different, but I think I can get used to them. But I'm having a real problem trying to figure out how to get the new network manager to setup a VPN through the GUI. I have openvpn, NetworkManager and NetworkManager-openvpn installed, but when I click on the network icon in gnome-shell there is nothing about vpn connections in there. When I click the "Network Settings" link in that menu I just see menus for Wired, Wireless and Network Proxy and none of those screens has anything for VPN connections either. Any suggestions about where I need to look to setup my connections and how to make it easier connect when I need to?

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• Looking for Primos "name generation" code

  - by Greg E

  Anyone remember Primos ? It had a shell-level thing called "name generation" which was very useful. Eg. to rename a bunch of files from part1.suffix to part1.new.suffix2 you could say rename *.suffix =.+new.suffix2 That's a very simple example, it was quite powerful. The control characters were: =,==,^=,^==,+ Which meant approximately: match 1 filename component, match all remaining components, delete one component, delete all remaining, add a component. In conjunction with Primos wildcards you could do pretty much any useful file renaming/copying operation very conveniently. It was much better than Unix wildcards and name generation/iteration and I'd like to find it again and use it. Anyone seen it around ? Not much reference on the interweb: search "Primos name generation" and you get a few fragmentary hits. Thanks !

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• Privileged command as part of cronjob

  - by user42756

  Hi, I'm facing a weired problem on a unix-based machine. Here is the story: I have a personal username/password on a unix machine with limited privileges. Whenever I need to execute some commands I have to substitute user using the su command, then I execute it normally. Now, I need to add a cronjob that uses such privileged commands so I added the cronjob on the crontab of the user I substituted to in order to have access to these commands. Strangely, it turned out to me that these commands fail to run for some reason as a cronjob although when I execute them directly from shell (after su) they work seamlessly. Why does this happen? Why do these commands not work as part of cronjobs? Thank you

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• Migrating users and mailboxes from postfix / Maildir to Postfix with Mysql backend [closed]

  - by Chrispy

  Possible Duplicate: Migrating users and mailboxes from postfix / Maildir to Postfix with Mysql backend So I've got 60 or so users on a hand rolled postfix installation on openbsd and I'd like to move their mailboxes to our new mail server running iRedMail (postfix, vmail/mysql back end) Does anyone know of a good way to do this? Preferably a script I can run to keep syncing the users mailboxes as MX records get updated? I presume one way (though I don't have all their passwords!) would be to have a command line imap client that simulated the users copying their mail themselves but I'm sure there must be a shell / php script to migrate users? Anyone got any bright ideas? Chris.

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• ssh freezes when trying to connect to some hosts

  - by NS Gopikrishnan

  When I try to ssh to particular machine/s in a list, The SSH command happens to be freezing. I tried out setting ssh timeout. But then also it's freezes even after the timeout. In verbose mode : OpenSSH_3.9p1, OpenSSL 0.9.7a Feb 19 2003 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to x358.x.server.com [10.x.x.x] port 22. debug1: fd 3 clearing O_NONBLOCK debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /export/home/sqlrpt/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /export/home/sqlrpt/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /export/home/sqlrpt/.ssh/id_dsa type 2 At this point it freezes. A work around I thought was to create a child process for each ssh calls and if the process doesn't respond after a timeout - Kill it. But are there any less complex ways, so that I can accommodate it in a shell script itself rather than going for a C/C++ program ?

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• Tabbed terminal that connects to a GNU Screen session?

  - by screenuser

  I use the session feature of screen extensively. For example, I'll start a screen session for "project1" as "screen -S project1", and then when I need to reconnect I use "screen -d -r project1". This makes it easy to manage multiple projects, each with their own set of shell sessions. What I would love to do now is that when running on Windows and Linux, to be able to use a tabbed terminal program (such as gnome-terminal) to connect to a screen session and have all of the screen windows split out to separate tabs. This way I get all the usual power of screen, but with the convenience of a richer GUI experience. Is there any such terminal program available on Windows and/or Linux?

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• Timeout ssh sessions after inactivity?

  - by Insyte

  PCI requirement 8.5.15 states: "If a session has been idle for more than 15 minutes, require the user to re-enter the password to re-activate the terminal." The first, and most obvious, way to deal with ssh sessions that are idling at the bash prompt is by enforcing a read-only, global $TMOUT of 900. Unfortunately, that only covers sessions sitting at the bash prompt. The spirit of the PCI spec would also require killing sessions running top/vim/etc. I've considered writing a */1 cron job that parses the output of "/usr/bin/w" and kills the associated shell, but that seems like a blunt instrument. Any ideas for something that would actually do what the spec requires and just lock the terminal? I've looked at away and vlock; they both seem great for voluntarily locking your terminal, but I need a cron/daemon task that will enforce locking.

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• Comparison of Unix shells

  - by Andy White

  Of the major Unix shells (bash, ksh, tcsh, zsh, others?), are there any compelling reasons to use one over another? Which is the most interactive/command-line friendly? Which is the most conducive/intuitive for writing scripts? Are there any major built-in features that one shell offers that others don't? Are any of these shells really good for one type of function, but not another? Or are they all pretty well-rounded/flexible? Is it just a matter of personal preference? I can make this community wiki if anyone prefers.

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• Need help creating a batch file to replace "." with "-"

  - by Brandon Ogle

  Like the title says, I need help creating a batch file to replace "." with "-", however I need to perserve the file extensions and it needs to work through the subfolders. I found another post on here that got the effect I wanted but it also swapped the . in my file extensions. I am a completely ignorant regarding shell script so please be detailed in your response. I have no idea what any of the switches mean or even how to specify the path for that matter. Thanks!

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• determine the archetecture of a mac from the command line or script?

  - by Brian Postow

  I'm writing a shell script, and I need to know the archetecture, ie PPC or Intel. Back in the day, there was a program /bin/arch that told you, but my mac doesn't seem to have it... Is there an easy way I can do this? Grep for something in a logfile? call some other program that spits that out as a side effect? It would be nice to know what OS Version I'm running too, but that may not be necessary. thanks

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• Stream tar.gz file from FTP server

  - by linker

  Here is the situation: I have a tar.gz file on a FTP server which can contain an arbitrary number of files. Now what I'm trying to accomplish is have this file streamed and uploaded to HDFS through a Hadoop job. The fact that it's Hadoop is not important, in the end what I need to do is write some shell script that would take this file form ftp with wget and write the output to a stream. The reason why I really need to use streams is that there will be a large number of these files, and each file will be huge. It's fairly easy to do if I have a gzipped file and I'm doing something like this: wget -O - "ftp://${user}:${pass}@${host}/$file" | zcat But I'm not even sure if this is possible for a tar.gz file, especially since there are mutliple files in the archive. I'm a bit confused on what direction to take for this, any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• Determine the architecture of a Mac from the command line or script?

  - by Brian Postow

  I'm writing a shell script, and I need to know the archetecture, ie PPC or Intel. Back in the day, there was a program /bin/arch that told you, but my mac doesn't seem to have it... Is there an easy way I can do this? Grep for something in a logfile? call some other program that spits that out as a side effect? It would be nice to know what OS Version I'm running too, but that may not be necessary. thanks

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• Pop current directory until specific file is found

  - by edarroyo

  I'm interested in writing a script with the following behavior: See if a file, build.xml, exists in the current directory, if so run a command supplied through arguments to the script. If not, pop the current directory and look at the parent. Go to 1. The script would end once we find the file or we reach the root. Also, once the script finishes and control comes back to the user I want the current directory to be that one where the script was initially l I'm not very familiar with shell scripting but any help/guidance will be much appreciated.

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• How to run a command in a process that is not a child of the current process?

  - by amicitas

  I am having a library conflict issue with calling an external program from within a interpreted programming environment (IDL). The issue seems to be that since the program I am calling ends up as a child of IDL, libraries are not being reloaded. From within IDL I can launch sub-processes either directly or using a shell. Is there a good way that I can cause my program to be run without ending up as a child process? The only solution I have found so far is to use ssh localhost my_program. This works perfectly but I would like a more direct solution.

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