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  • how does ospf control flooding?

    - by iamrohitbanga
    what method is used by ospf protocol to prevent looping of flooded packets for link state advertisements? The packet header does not contain any timestamp. How do the routers recognize that it is the same advertisement that they sent before?

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  • How to setup Mac server to use two gateways

    - by Brady
    I recently asked this question: How to set Mac server to use different Gateway for internet bound traffic The answer given works but has presented me with another issue that I didnt make clear in that question. Here is my network layout as it stands: At the moment outside staff members use some services on the existing internet 1 link. Those services are hosted by the Mac server. If I change the gateway of the Mac server to the second modem those outside staff lose visabilty on those services. Now I dont know how to go about solving this issue. I want the second link to be used when the Mac server goes to rsync data offsite but everything else use link one. How do I do this? Thanks Scott EDIT: This has been resolved by setting the default gateway on the Mac server to 192.168.1.254 Thus leaving everything on the network as it was before. but to get the Mac server to use the other link for rsync I've added a route to the Mac server to route traffic to the rsync server through the second gateway. sudo route add -net {server IP's}/{Netmask} 192.168.1.1 I've awarded the answer to gravyface for pointing me to a post on how to make this route persistant in Mac

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  • Public static ip for vagrant box

    - by Numbata
    I have server (Debian Squeeze) with 1 ethernet card and 2 public static IPs (188.120.245.4 and 188.120.244.5). What I want: Setup virtual box (Ubuntu) with access via static IP (188.120.244.5). What I was trying: config.vm.forward_port - good idea: setup interface "eth1:1" with 188.120.244.5 on host-machine, and add to Vagrant file "config.vm.forward_port = hmm..?" config.vm.network :hostonly, "188.120.244.5" - not working. Was created new interface on host-machine with ip "188.120.244.1". Of course 188.120.244.1 IP isn't mine and I can't access my server via this IP. config.vm.network :bridged - I'm confused how this works :) What I have now: Not working configuration. Debian-host-machine# cat Vagrantfile Vagrant::Config.run do |config| config.vm.define :gitlab do |box_config| box_config.vm.box = "ubuntu" box_config.vm.host_name = "ubuntu" box_config.vm.network :bridged box_config.vm.network :hostonly, "188.120.244.5", :auto_config => false end end Debian-host-machine# ifconfig eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:15:17:69:71:bb inet addr:188.120.245.4 Bcast:188.120.247.255 Mask:255.255.248.0 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 vboxnet0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 0a:00:27:00:00:00 inet addr:188.120.244.1 Bcast:188.120.246.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 Ubuntu-virtual-machine# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:ee:8d:0c inet addr:10.0.2.15 Bcast:10.0.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:45:71:87 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 How I can access virtual box via public static IP from network? I'm using Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager 4.1.18 and Vagrant version 1.0.3. Thanks in advance for your feedback.

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  • How do the routers communicate with each other ?

    - by Berkay
    Let's say that i want make a request a to a web page which is hosted in Europe (i live in USA).My packets only consist the IP address of the web page, first the domain name to ip address transformation is done, then my packets start their journey through to europe. i assume that MAC addresses never used in this situation? are they? First, my packets deal with many routers on way how these routers communicate with each other?, are router addresses added to my packet headers ? Second, is there a specific path router to router comminication or which conditions affect this route? Third to cross the Atlantic Ocean, are cables used or... ?

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  • Force10 layer 3 switches

    - by ALQ
    We've been running Cisco and dell layer 3 switches. The former are expensive and reliable, the latter a lot cheaper and fraught with issues. Anyone has positive experience with the core Force10 switches (and edge switches as well)?

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  • Extending home network using multiple access point originating from another access point

    - by cyberjar09
    I have a home network with the current setup (RJ45 running from main router to access point) : +-------------+ +--------------+ | 192.168.2.1 | |192.168.2.2 | | router +--------------->access point 1| +-----^-------+ +--------------+ | | +-----+--------+ | 192.168.1.1 | | modem | +-----^--------+ | | | | +--+--+ | ISP | +-----+ However I would like to extend the network to two more floors in the house via the existing Access Point (router is too far and not reachable using a network cable, hence I need to extend using current access point). Please see diagram below : +-------------+ +--------------+ +----------------+ | 192.168.2.1 | |192.168.2.2 | | 192.168.2.3 | | router +--------------->access point 1+----------> access point 2 | +-----^-------+ +--------+-----+ +----------------+ | | | | +-----+--------+ | | 192.168.1.1 | | | modem | | +-----^--------+ | +----------------+ | +----------------> 192.168.2.4 | | | access point 3 | | +----------------+ | +--+--+ | ISP | +-----+ Q1 : is this setup possible? Q2 : if possible, will I have to do anything different from what I did to setup access point 1? edit 1 : I am trying to study the dd-wrt documentation to see which would be the correct mode of operation for me Linking Routers but Im confused because I dont see any info on how to use an existing Access point to extend the signal of the SSID. If anyone could point me to the correct wiki for how I should setup AP2 and AP3 based on AP1, it would be very helpful. For AP1, I did the following Use static IP and setup same SSID as primary wireless router use same security as primary wireless router make AP1 point to 192.168.2.1 (primary router) for DHCP Thanks in advance.

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  • Add IPv6 support to DirectAdmin server

    - by George Boot
    I just set up an new DirectAdmin, and I want to prepare it for IPv6 use. My ISP have gave me an range of IPv6 addresses that I can use. Lets say that address is 2a01:7c8:**:1f::. My neworkadapter user DHCP to resolves its IP-addresses. When i type ifoncig eth0 I get the following result: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:**:**:**:ce:f3 inet addr:37.**.**.44 Bcast:37.**.**.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: 2a01:7c8:****:1f::/64 Scope:Global inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fe87:cef3/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:38941 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:29439 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:3779534 (3.6 MiB) TX bytes:5089379 (4.8 MiB) As you can see, I have an IPv6 address set, but I can't ping6 an IPv6 host. I get the error: connect: Network is unreachable. I decided that I needed an gateway, so I tryed to add one: ip -6 route add default via 2a01:7c8:****::1 dev eth0 (2a01:7c8:**::1 is the gateway of my ISP). But it trows an error: RTNETLINK answers: No route to host. Does somebody know what to do, and how to solve this issue? Thanks a lot!

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  • Getting packets from one port to another on a Dell PowerConnect 2824 switch

    - by Arvo Bowen
    I have a dell PowerConnect 2824 and I have a cat 5 cable connected from port 1 to port 23. Port 1 is reserved for VLAN 1 (the only VLAN that can manage the switch) and port 18-23 belong to VLAN 112. I currently have the switch setup with ip 10.71.3.5/27 and a test machine plugged into port 22 with IP address 10.71.3.30/27. For some reason I can not ping 10.71.3.5 from my test machine (10.71.3.30). Note: When I try to ping the server plugged into port 21 (IP: 10.71.3.7/27) also VLAN 112, I get responses just fine. Note: When I plug my test machine directly into port 1, I can ping 10.71.3.5 just fine. Quick Recap: Switch IP: 10.71.3.5 Port 1 - dedicated to management - (VLAN1) Port 21 - SERVER (10.71.3.7/27) - (VLAN112) Port 22 - test machine (10.71.3.30/27) - (VLAN112) Port 23 - dedicated to management (to hop over to VLAN 1 from VLAN 112) - (VLAN112)

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  • private address in traceroute results

    - by misteryes
    I use traceroute to check paths on a remote host, and I notice that there are some private IPs, like 10.230.10.1 bash-4.0# traceroute -T 132.227.62.122 traceroute to 132.227.62.122 (132.227.62.122), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 194.199.68.161 (194.199.68.161) 1.103 ms 1.107 ms 1.097 ms 2 sw-ptu.univ.run (10.230.10.1) 1.535 ms 1.625 ms 2.172 ms 3 sw-univ-gazelle.univ.run (10.10.20.1) 6.891 ms 6.937 ms 6.927 ms 4 10.10.5.6 (10.10.5.6) 1.544 ms 1.517 ms 1.518 ms why there are private addresses near the host? what are the purposes that these private addresses are used? I mean why they want to put the public IP behind private IPs? thanks!

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  • Persistent routes for DD-WRT PPTP VPN client

    - by Tim Kemp
    My home network in the USA is behind a Buffalo router (G300NH) running their version of DD-WRT. I use the built-in PPTP VPN client to connect to a VPN provider in the UK. I route certain traffic over the VPN (so it has a UK source address, for various entirely legal reasons) which I achieved by following the instructions in the DD-WRT docs and my VPN provider's own instructions. I placed two commands like this in the firewall script: route add -net xxx.xxx.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 dev ppp0 route add -net yyy.yyy.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 dev ppp0 I didn't put any of the iptables rules in since it my setup doesn't seem to need them. It works like a charm. Traffic to the xxx subnets goes over the VPN, everything else goes out over my ISPs own pipes. The problem comes when the VPN drops, which it does occasionally. DD-WRT does a fine job of reconnecting it automatically, but the routes are trashed every time that happens. How do I automate the process of re-establishing my routes? I thought about static routes, but the IP address of the VPN connection is dynamically assigned (which is why I'm using dev ppp0). Many thanks, Tim

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  • URL redirect to a virtual server on a VLAN

    - by zeroFiG
    I have a production site, running off 10 servers. I've been given another virtual server on the same network as these 10 servers, to use for testing purposes. This server doesn't have it's own DNS entry. Therefore I need to do a redirect to the site hosted on this virtual server for a sub-domain of the site running on the 10 other servers. So Basically I was wondering how I would configure a sub domain of my production server to point at the Virtual server for testing. I'm guessing I need to modify my site file in /etc/apache2/sites-available and add another virtual host like the following and modify the redirect match: <VirtualHost *> ServerName SUBDOMAIN.DOMAIN.com RedirectMatch 301 (.*) **IP ADDRESS** CustomLog /var/log/apache2/SUBDOMAIN.DOMAIN.com.access.log combined </VirtualHost> Do I set the redirect match to just the IP on the Virtual server, and then configure another site file in the sites-available directory, which will recption this redirect and point the browser towards the HTML root? Thanks, I hope I made myself clear.

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  • How to tell Windows 7 to ignore a default gateway

    - by zildjohn01
    I currently have 2 network cards in my PC -- one connected to an internal network on a router with a disconnected WAN port (10.x.x.x), and one connected to the internet through a consumer router (192.168.0.x). Windows seems to recognize them correctly (my "Network and Sharing Center" lists them as "No Internet" and "Internet" respectively), however when I try browsing the internet it always tries the internal network's default gateway, rather than the one with internet access. Trying to ping a website results in "Reply from 10.0.0.1: Destination net unreachable.". A simple "route delete 0.0.0.0 mask 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.1" fixes the problems, but they return upon reboot, or upon renewing my IP. Is there any way to tell Windows to ignore one NIC's default gateway, or to at least give them priorities?

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  • OpenVPN with MacOS X Client and same subnets in local and remote net.

    - by Daniel
    I have a homenetwork 192.168.1.0/24 with gteway 192.168.1.1 and a remote network with the same parameters. Now I want to create a OpenVPN tunnel between those networks. I have no problems with Windows, because Windows routes everything to 192.168.1.0/24 except 192.168.1.1 throught the tunnel. On MacOS X however I see the folling line in the Details window: 2010-05-10 09:13:01 WARNING: potential route subnet conflict between local LAN [192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0] and remote VPN [192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0] When I list the routes I get the following: Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.1.1 UGSc 13 3 en1 127 localhost UCS 0 0 lo0 localhost localhost UH 12 3589 lo0 169.254 link#5 UCS 0 0 en1 192.168.1 link#5 UCS 1 0 en1 192.168.1.1 0:1e:e5:f4:ec:7f UHLW 13 17 en1 1103 192.168.1.101 localhost UHS 0 0 lo0 192.168.6 192.168.6.5 UGSc 0 0 tun0 192.168.6.5 192.168.6.6 UH 1 0 tun0 My Interfaces are en1 - My local Wifi network tun0 - The tunnel interface As can be seen from the routes above there is no entry for 192.168.1.0/24 that routes the traffic through the tunnel interface. When I manually route a single IP like 192.168.1.16 over the tunnel gateway 192.168.6.6, this works. Q: How do I set up my routes in MacOS X for the same behaviour as on windows, to route everything except 192.168.1.1 through the tunnel, but leave the default gateway to be my local 192.168.1.1 ?

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  • filter / directing URLs coming onto a network

    - by Jon
    Hi all, I an not sure if this is possible or not but what i would like to do is as follows: I have one IP address (dynamic using zoneedit.com to keep it upto date). I have one webserver running my main site which is an Ubuntu machine running Apache. I also have a windows 2008 server running another site. Just to confuse things I also run part of my Apache site on the windows server, currently using proxypassreverse to get the information from it. So it looks something like this: IP 1.2.3.4 maps to mydomain.com as well as myotherdomain.com All requests that come into port 80 are forwarded to the Apache box and I use Virtualhost settings to proxy the windows sites where needed. so mydomain.com is an Apache site mydomain.com/mywindowssection is the Apache server using proxypassreverse to get part of the site from the Windows server myotherdomain.com uses Apache and proxypassreverse to get the whole site. What I would like to be able to do is forward all http requests that come into my network to one machine that figures out who should be serving that content. so: mydomain.com would go to the Apache machine myotherdomain.com would go the windows machine. I am just in the process of setting up an Astaro gateway (never done this before so taking a while to configure) as my firewall, dns, dhcp etc, don't know if this can handle it. I have the capacity to run a VM on the network if a seperate box would be needed for this process as well. Thanks for any and all feedback. Jon

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  • How to configure 2 LAN Cards

    - by PatDiazJr
    How do we configure two (2) LAN cards on one computer. One LAN card is connected to the internet via the DSL through a router, configured as DHCP. The other LAN card is to be connected via our office's IP/VPN (for email and other office online processes). I know it could be done, but I do not know how. By the way, the operating system is Windows XP.

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  • RFC 1918 address on open internet?

    - by longneck
    In trying to diagnose a failover problem with my Cisco ASA 5520 firewalls, I ran a traceroute to www.btfl.com and, much to my surprise, some of the hops came back as RFC 1918 addresses. Just to be clear, this host is not behind my firewall and there is no VPN involved. I have to connect across the open internet to get there. How/why is this possible? asa# traceroute www.btfl.com Tracing the route to 157.56.176.94 1 <redacted> 2 <redacted> 3 <redacted> 4 <redacted> 5 nap-edge-04.inet.qwest.net (67.14.29.170) 0 msec 10 msec 10 msec 6 65.122.166.30 0 msec 0 msec 10 msec 7 207.46.34.23 10 msec 0 msec 10 msec 8 * * * 9 207.46.37.235 30 msec 30 msec 50 msec 10 10.22.112.221 30 msec 10.22.112.219 30 msec 10.22.112.223 30 msec 11 10.175.9.193 30 msec 30 msec 10.175.9.67 30 msec 12 100.94.68.79 40 msec 100.94.70.79 30 msec 100.94.71.73 30 msec 13 100.94.80.39 30 msec 100.94.80.205 40 msec 100.94.80.137 40 msec 14 10.215.80.2 30 msec 10.215.68.16 30 msec 10.175.244.2 30 msec 15 * * * 16 * * * 17 * * * and it does the same thing from my FiOS connection at home: C:\>tracert www.btfl.com Tracing route to www.btfl.com [157.56.176.94] over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 1 ms <1 ms <1 ms myrouter.home [192.168.1.1] 2 8 ms 7 ms 8 ms <redacted> 3 10 ms 13 ms 11 ms <redacted> 4 12 ms 10 ms 10 ms ae2-0.TPA01-BB-RTR2.verizon-gni.net [130.81.199.82] 5 16 ms 16 ms 15 ms 0.ae4.XL2.MIA19.ALTER.NET [152.63.8.117] 6 14 ms 16 ms 16 ms 0.xe-11-0-0.GW1.MIA19.ALTER.NET [152.63.85.94] 7 19 ms 16 ms 16 ms microsoft-gw.customer.alter.net [63.65.188.170] 8 27 ms 33 ms * ge-5-3-0-0.ash-64cb-1a.ntwk.msn.net [207.46.46.177] 9 * * * Request timed out. 10 44 ms 43 ms 43 ms 207.46.37.235 11 42 ms 41 ms 40 ms 10.22.112.225 12 42 ms 43 ms 43 ms 10.175.9.1 13 42 ms 41 ms 42 ms 100.94.68.79 14 40 ms 40 ms 41 ms 100.94.80.193 15 * * * Request timed out.

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  • Can a Linksys Router be the cause of bad speeds on a 1.5 mbps link.

    - by gramware
    We use a Linksys 5-port router at a smal organization with about 20 employees. We recently acquired a 1.5 mbps fibre link, but sometimes the link goes down and speeds are still low. On enquirey from the ISP, this was part of the response, However there maybe throttling due to the router in place. A Linksys is a low end router and may be unable to carried traffic of up to 1536Kbps. We are in a position to deploy a Cisco 871 router on test for 2 wks to eliminate that possibility. Also kindly advise the destination of the ping results they look to high. How true is that about the router throttling the network and need for a bigger one.

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  • When would a persistent route not be an active route?

    - by alnorth29
    I've added a persistent route to our Windows Server 2003 box using "route -p add". After a reboot the "route print" gave this: Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.91.131.1 10.91.131.9 20 10.88.0.0 255.255.255.252 10.88.0.1 10.88.0.1 30 10.88.0.1 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 30 10.91.131.0 255.255.255.0 10.91.131.9 10.91.131.9 20 10.91.131.9 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 20 10.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 10.88.0.1 10.88.0.1 30 10.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 10.91.131.9 10.91.131.9 20 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 10.88.0.1 10.88.0.1 30 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 10.91.131.9 10.91.131.9 20 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 10.88.0.1 10.88.0.1 1 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 10.91.131.9 10.91.131.9 1 Default Gateway: 10.91.131.1 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: Network Address Netmask Gateway Address Metric 10.88.0.0 255.255.255.0 10.88.0.2 1 The route I added is listed as a persistent route, but not an active one. Why might this be the case? The route in question is for an OpenVPN connection, would that have anything to do with it?

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  • How to configure remote access to multiple subnets behind a SonicWALL NSA 2400

    - by Kyle Noland
    I have a client that uses a SonicWALL NSA 2400 as their firewall. I need to setup a second LAN subnet for a handful of PC. Management has decided that there should be a second subnet even though intend to allow access across the two subnets - I know... I'm having trouble getting communication across the 2 subnets. I can ping each gateway, but I cannot ping or seem to route traffic fron subnet A to subnet B. Here is my current setup: X0 Interface: LAN zone with IP addres 192.168.1.1 X1 Interface: WAN zone with WAN IP address X2 Interface: LAN zone with IP address 192.168.75.1 I have configured ARP and routes for the secondar subnet (X2) according to this SonicWALL KB article: http://www.sonicwall.com/downloads/supporting_multiple_firewalled_subnets_on_sonicos_enhanced.pdf using "Example 1". At this point I don't minding if I have to throw the SonicWALL GVC software VPN client into the mix to make it work. It feel like I have an Access Rule issue, but for testing I made LAN LAN, WAN LAN and VPN LAN rules wide open with the same results.

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  • IP Phone over VPN - one way calls unless default route?

    - by dannymcc
    I have come across a strange problem with our VPN and BCM 50 (Nortel/Avaya) phone system. As you can tell by my other questions I have been doing some work on setting a VPN up from one location to another and it's all working well. With one exception. We have an IP phone that is connected at the remote location, straight to a router which has a VPN tunnel to our main practice. The phone works mostly, but every few calls it turns into a one way call. As in, the caller (from the remote phone) can't hear the receiver- but the receiver can hear the caller. This is fixed by setting the VPN tunnel to be the default route for all traffic. The problem with fixing it that way is that all traffic then goes through the tunnel which slows internet access etc. down considerably. The router is set to send the following over the VPN: 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.4.0/24 The IP of the remote location is: 192.168.3.0/24 The remote router (where the phone is) is a Draytek 2830n, and the local router (at the main practice) is a Draytek 2820. We are using an IPSec tunnel with AES encryption <- as a result of a previous answer pointing to the incompatibility in the hardware encryption. Any advice would be appreciated!

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  • Using iptables to selectively route outgoing requests?

    - by Olivier
    Hello, I'd like to set up my Dd-WRT firewall so that it uses the VPN service from a VPN provider to access a bunch of destinations and normal route foe all other requests. In detail: giganews.com would be accessed thru VPN VyprVPN normal web sites such as amazon, ebay, et al thru transparent firewall. I've run nito reading SOOOO many tutorials but I can't get to understand what the different entities are. Any help? Thxs

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  • Route traffic on vpn to another interface on an ASA 5510

    - by Dave
    I have a ASA 5510 that has about 60-70 vpn tunnels. I have four interfaces on the device: 1)External, 2)192.168.1.0, 3)192.168.2.0, 4) 192.168.3.0 A VPN tunnel is configured from the remote site (192.168.200.0) to the 192.168.2.0 subnet on the ASA. I have remote applications I would like the users at the remote site to be able to access which are hosted on the 192.168.3.0 subnet. I can route traffic between the subnets that are located on the ASA. Any way I can route traffic from the remote site to the 192.168.3.0?

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  • Multicast in private LAN with different subnets

    - by Gobliins
    after i read Multicast IP Addresses and Multicast accross the subnets I am confused. Configuration: I have two devices in the same network. They may not be in the same Subnet, but always in the same physical network (beyond the same router, switch etc.) I want to communicate across IP multicast either 224.x.x.x or 239.x.x.x may be more fitting because we want it local, not beyond of forward through the router. Can one machine be the receiver and the other machine sender of the same multicast address? and can the receiving machine send an answer to the sending machine?

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