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Value of the HTML5 lang attribute

- by user359650

I'm working on a website which will offer localized content following the language+region approach as described on this W3.org page (e.g. fr-CA for Canadian French content, and fr-FR for "French French" content). As we consider content for each language+region to be unique, it is crucial to us that search engines properly identify and serve the content accordingly. By looking up on the Internet (e.g. this question), it appears that most people recommend the use of an ISO639 language code in the HTML lang attribute to describe the content language. Following this recommendation, we would en up using <html lang="fr"> which wouldn't enable the differentiation between the aforementioned language+region combinations. When reviewing the HTML4 specification, it seems that using language+region as a language code would be perfectly OK, as the en-US example is given as one possible value. However I couldn't find any confirmation of this in the HTML5 specification which doesn't seem to provide any example as to the possible allowed values. From there I tried to get a de facto answer by looking at what the web giants are doing. I looked at what Facebook are doing: they offer Candian French and French French versions of their websites with (slightly) different content, whilst the HTML lang value remains the same: fr-CA URL: http://fr-ca.facebook.com HTML lang attribute: <html lang="fr"> translation of the word 'email': courriel fr-FR URL: http://fr-fr.facebook.com/ HTML lang attribute: <html lang="fr"> translation of the word 'email': Adresse électronique Q: What is the recommended/standard way of describing content that was localized using the language+region approach in HTML5 ?

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Will my current page layout get me penalized for duplicate content?

- by Perry Roper

I am using WordPress and in my post sidebar I have related posts which may be of interest to the user, however, I also have an excerpt of each article which is normally the first paragraph of the post it is linking to. For example: http://musicdune.com/reviews/album-review-ellie-goulding-lights If you do a Google Search for the first excerpt in the realted posts section from that page you get 4-5 results from my domain, http://www.google.co.uk/search?sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=Strip+back+the+synths,+fast+beats+and+the+other+pop+elements,+and+you%E2%80%99re+left+with+something+elegant+and+soulful Is it recommended that I remove the excerpt from the related posts?

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2D Tile Map files for Platformer, JSON or DB?

- by Stephen Tierney

I'm developing a 2D platformer with some uni friends. We've based it upon the XNA Platformer Starter Kit which uses .txt files to store the tile map. While this is simple it does not give us enough control and flexibility with level design. Some examples: for multiple layers of content multiple files are required, each object is fixed onto the grid, doesn't allow for rotation of objects, limited number of characters etc. So I'm doing some research into how to store the level data and map file. Reasoning for DB: From my perspective I see less redundancy of data using a database to store the tile data. Tiles in the same x,y position with the same characteristics can be reused from level to level. It seems like it would simple enough to write a method to retrieve all the tiles that are used in a particular level from the database. Reasoning for JSON: Visually editable files, changes can be tracked via SVN a lot easier. But there is repeated content. Do either have any drawbacks (load times, access times, memory etc) compared to the other? And what is commonly used in the industry? Currently the file looks like this: .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .........GGG........ .........###........ .................... ....GGG.......GGG... ....###.......###... .................... .1................X. #################### 1 - Player start point, X - Level Exit, . - Empty space, # - Platform, G - Gem

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Is there a Content Management System that allows multiple & independent blogs to be running on one domain?

- by Ron

Hello Webmasters, I am a Wordpress fan, and I'm now building a new site and I'm not sure which CMS can achieve what I'm trying to do. I am building a food blog network for a bunch of cities in the US, and I want to my city pages to be independently running blogs themselves. So basically... Home Page - Its own blog with its own users, talking about Food in general Dallas Page (child of home page) - Its own blog with its own users Chicago Page ..... so on and so forth. The web layout and design will be all the same, but just trying to achieve 25~50 independent blogs on one domain. How can I achieve this? I'm hoping that I don't have to install Wordpress into as many subdomains that I create... Thank you for your help in advance. -RP

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how to define a field of view for the entire map for shadow?

- by Mehdi Bugnard

I recently added "Shadow Mapping" in my XNA games to include shadows. I followed the nice and famous tutorial from "Riemers" : http://www.riemers.net/eng/Tutorials/XNA/Csharp/Series3/Shadow_map.php . This code work nice and I can see my source of light and shadow. But the problem is that my light source does not match the field of view that I created. I want the light covers the entire map of my game. I don't know why , but the light only affect 2-3 cubes of my map. ScreenShot: (the emission of light illuminates only 2-3 blocks and not the full map) Here is my code i create the fieldOfView for LightviewProjection Matrix: Vector3 lightDir = new Vector3(10, 52, 10); lightPos = new Vector3(10, 52, 10); Matrix lightsView = Matrix.CreateLookAt(lightPos, new Vector3(105, 50, 105), new Vector3(0, 1, 0)); Matrix lightsProjection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(MathHelper.PiOver2, 1f, 20f, 1000f); lightsViewProjectionMatrix = lightsView * lightsProjection; As you can see , my nearPlane and FarPlane are set to 20f and 100f . So i don't know why the light stop after 2 cubes. it's should be bigger Here is set the value to my custom effect HLSL in the shader file /* SHADOW VALUE */ effectWorld.Parameters["LightDirection"].SetValue(lightDir); effectWorld.Parameters["xLightsWorldViewProjection"].SetValue(Matrix.Identity * .lightsViewProjectionMatrix); effectWorld.Parameters["xWorldViewProjection"].SetValue(Matrix.Identity * arcadia.camera.View * arcadia.camera.Projection); effectWorld.Parameters["xLightPower"].SetValue(1f); effectWorld.Parameters["xAmbient"].SetValue(0.3f); Here is my custom HLSL shader effect file "*.fx" // This sample uses a simple Lambert lighting model. float3 LightDirection = normalize(float3(-1, -1, -1)); float3 DiffuseLight = 1.25; float3 AmbientLight = 0.25; uniform const float3 DiffuseColor = 1; uniform const float Alpha = 1; uniform const float3 EmissiveColor = 0; uniform const float3 SpecularColor = 1; uniform const float SpecularPower = 16; uniform const float3 EyePosition; // FOG attribut uniform const float FogEnabled ; uniform const float FogStart ; uniform const float FogEnd ; uniform const float3 FogColor ; float3 cameraPos : CAMERAPOS; texture Texture; sampler Sampler = sampler_state { Texture = (Texture); magfilter = LINEAR; minfilter = LINEAR; mipfilter = LINEAR; AddressU = mirror; AddressV = mirror; }; texture xShadowMap; sampler ShadowMapSampler = sampler_state { Texture = <xShadowMap>; magfilter = LINEAR; minfilter = LINEAR; mipfilter = LINEAR; AddressU = clamp; AddressV = clamp; }; /* *************** */ /* SHADOW MAP CODE */ /* *************** */ struct SMapVertexToPixel { float4 Position : POSITION; float4 Position2D : TEXCOORD0; }; struct SMapPixelToFrame { float4 Color : COLOR0; }; struct SSceneVertexToPixel { float4 Position : POSITION; float4 Pos2DAsSeenByLight : TEXCOORD0; float2 TexCoords : TEXCOORD1; float3 Normal : TEXCOORD2; float4 Position3D : TEXCOORD3; }; struct SScenePixelToFrame { float4 Color : COLOR0; }; float DotProduct(float3 lightPos, float3 pos3D, float3 normal) { float3 lightDir = normalize(pos3D - lightPos); return dot(-lightDir, normal); } SSceneVertexToPixel ShadowedSceneVertexShader(float4 inPos : POSITION, float2 inTexCoords : TEXCOORD0, float3 inNormal : NORMAL) { SSceneVertexToPixel Output = (SSceneVertexToPixel)0; Output.Position = mul(inPos, xWorldViewProjection); Output.Pos2DAsSeenByLight = mul(inPos, xLightsWorldViewProjection); Output.Normal = normalize(mul(inNormal, (float3x3)World)); Output.Position3D = mul(inPos, World); Output.TexCoords = inTexCoords; return Output; } SScenePixelToFrame ShadowedScenePixelShader(SSceneVertexToPixel PSIn) { SScenePixelToFrame Output = (SScenePixelToFrame)0; float2 ProjectedTexCoords; ProjectedTexCoords[0] = PSIn.Pos2DAsSeenByLight.x / PSIn.Pos2DAsSeenByLight.w / 2.0f + 0.5f; ProjectedTexCoords[1] = -PSIn.Pos2DAsSeenByLight.y / PSIn.Pos2DAsSeenByLight.w / 2.0f + 0.5f; float diffuseLightingFactor = 0; if ((saturate(ProjectedTexCoords).x == ProjectedTexCoords.x) && (saturate(ProjectedTexCoords).y == ProjectedTexCoords.y)) { float depthStoredInShadowMap = tex2D(ShadowMapSampler, ProjectedTexCoords).r; float realDistance = PSIn.Pos2DAsSeenByLight.z / PSIn.Pos2DAsSeenByLight.w; if ((realDistance - 1.0f / 100.0f) <= depthStoredInShadowMap) { diffuseLightingFactor = DotProduct(xLightPos, PSIn.Position3D, PSIn.Normal); diffuseLightingFactor = saturate(diffuseLightingFactor); diffuseLightingFactor *= xLightPower; } } float4 baseColor = tex2D(Sampler, PSIn.TexCoords); Output.Color = baseColor*(diffuseLightingFactor + xAmbient); return Output; } SMapVertexToPixel ShadowMapVertexShader(float4 inPos : POSITION) { SMapVertexToPixel Output = (SMapVertexToPixel)0; Output.Position = mul(inPos, xLightsWorldViewProjection); Output.Position2D = Output.Position; return Output; } SMapPixelToFrame ShadowMapPixelShader(SMapVertexToPixel PSIn) { SMapPixelToFrame Output = (SMapPixelToFrame)0; Output.Color = PSIn.Position2D.z / PSIn.Position2D.w; return Output; } /* ******************* */ /* END SHADOW MAP CODE */ /* ******************* */ / For rendering without instancing. technique ShadowMap { pass Pass0 { VertexShader = compile vs_2_0 ShadowMapVertexShader(); PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 ShadowMapPixelShader(); } } technique ShadowedScene { /* pass Pass0 { VertexShader = compile vs_2_0 VSBasicTx(); PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 PSBasicTx(); } */ pass Pass1 { VertexShader = compile vs_2_0 ShadowedSceneVertexShader(); PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 ShadowedScenePixelShader(); } } technique SimpleFog { pass Pass0 { VertexShader = compile vs_2_0 VSBasicTx(); PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 PSBasicTx(); } } I edited my fx file , for show you only information and functions about the shadow ;-)

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how to select categories for user generated content site?

- by Frederik Creemers

On the site I'm building, users can create tutorials. I want the users to be able to create tutorials on as many subjects as possible, but still have some preset categories. What's the best way to select these categories? The reason I don't just let users add keywords, and use these for categorization, is because users gain experience points in a certain subject when their tutorial is liked by someone, and in a similar way the Stack Exchange network does, create communities around these subjects. I will give visiters the possibility to suggest new categories. here are the categories that I'm thinking of at the moment: health gardening cooking technology science & math music visual art

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Do search engines treat index pages with excerpts as duplicate content of the pages they link to?

- by Perry Roper

I am using WordPress and in my post sidebar I have related posts which may be of interest to the user, however, I also have an excerpt of each article which is normally the first paragraph of the post it is linking to. For example: http://musicdune.com/reviews/album-review-ellie-goulding-lights If you do a Google Search for the first excerpt in the realted posts section from that page you get 4-5 results from my domain, http://www.google.co.uk/search?sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=Strip+back+the+synths,+fast+beats+and+the+other+pop+elements,+and+you%E2%80%99re+left+with+something+elegant+and+soulful Is it recommended that I remove the excerpt from the related posts?

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Gap in parallaxing background loop

- by CinetiK

The bug here is that my background kind of offset a bit itself from where it should draw and so I have this line. I have some troubles understanding why I get this bug when I set a speed that is different then 1,2,4,8,16,... In main class I set the speed depending on the player speed bgSpeed = -(int)playerMoveSpeed.X / 10; and here's my background class class ParallaxingBackground { Texture2D texture; Vector2[] positions; public int Speed { get; set;} public void Initialize(ContentManager content, String texturePath, int screenWidth, int speed) { texture = content.Load<Texture2D>(texturePath); this.Speed = speed; positions = new Vector2[screenWidth / texture.Width + 2]; for (int i = 0; i < positions.Length; i++) { positions[i] = new Vector2(i * texture.Width, 0); } } public void Update() { for (int i = 0; i < positions.Length; i++) { positions[i].X += Speed; if (Speed <= 0) { if (positions[i].X <= -texture.Width) { positions[i].X = texture.Width * (positions.Length - 1); } } else { if (positions[i].X >= texture.Width*(positions.Length - 1)) { positions[i].X = -texture.Width; } } } } public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { for (int i = 0; i < positions.Length; i++) { spriteBatch.Draw(texture, positions[i], Color.White); } } }

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How to indicate a page is duplicate content when you control its body but not its head?

- by tog22

http://www.zcommunications.org/ready-or-not-can-bangladesh-cope-with-climate-change-by-hazel-healy is a copy of a page on our site created by the author, and links back to that page. Google's guidelines suggested to me that this would be enough for Google to recognise our page as the canonical one and that one as the duplicate, and thus to show our page in SERPs. However, the opposite has happened - if you search for the page's title you'll see the duplicate page shows up but ours doesn't. How can we prevent this? Since the author 'owns' the duplicate page on zcommunications.org she can edit the HTML body, but not the <head>.

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Google index iframes on Facebook fan pages? (Hole website content)

- by user2536417

I have a fairly simple question that I've tried to get help from the guys on the Google Webmaster Help Q&A site but so far no joy so hopefully someone here can provide me with the information I'm looking for. I have a Facebook fanpage for my website, I have made an app that basically uses an iframe and puts the site within a frame within Facebook. All works good but Google is not indexing this page. I am using <link rel="canonical" href="#" /> on my pages so prehaps this is an issue?

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Why is the camera not following the player? [on hold]

- by Homer_Simpson

I use the following code to create Parallax Scrolling: http://www.david-gouveia.com/portfolio/2d-camera-with-parallax-scrolling-in-xna/ Parallax Scrolling is working but I don't know how to focus the camera on the player. If the player moves, then the camera doesn't follow the player. The player leaves the screen when I'm moving it. I use the following code(as described in the tutorial), but it's not working: // Updates my camera to lock on the character _camera.LookAt(player.Playerposition); What can I do so that the player is always in the center of the screen/camera? My player class: public class Player { Texture2D Playertex; public Vector2 Playerposition = new Vector2(400, 240); private Game1 game1; public Player(Game1 game) { game1 = game; } public void Load(ContentManager content) { Playertex = content.Load<Texture2D>("8bitmario"); TouchPanel.EnabledGestures = GestureType.HorizontalDrag; } public void Update(GameTime gameTime) { while (TouchPanel.IsGestureAvailable) { GestureSample gs = TouchPanel.ReadGesture(); switch (gs.GestureType) { case GestureType.HorizontalDrag: Playerposition.X += 3f; break; } } } public void Render(SpriteBatch batch) { batch.Draw(Playertex, new Vector2(Playerposition.X - Playertex.Width / 2, Playerposition.Y - Playertex.Height / 2), Color.White); } } In Game1, I update the player and camera class: protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { // Updates my character's position player.Update(gameTime); // Updates my camera to lock on the character _camera.LookAt(player.Playerposition); base.Update(gameTime); } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); foreach (Layer layer in _layers) layer.Draw(spriteBatch); spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Deferred, null, null, null, null, null, _camera.GetViewMatrix(new Vector2(0.0f, 0.0f))); player.Render(spriteBatch); spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); }

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Trying to use jquery ui in google chrome extension in the content level

- by user135697

The problem is that the scope of the content script is on the web page that your plugin is suppose to be used at. So the css background:url(images/ui-bg_inset-hard_100_fcfdfd_1x100.png) becomes url('http://webpageforplugin/images/ui-bg_inset-hard_100_fcfdfd_1x100.png') in order for this to work as far as i understood i need to have it to point to: url('chrome-extension://extensionId/images/ui-bg_inset-hard_100_fcfdfd_1x100.png') So i tried to haxorz the document.styleSheets var ss = document.styleSheets; for (var i=0; i<ss.length; i++) { var found=-1, x,i; var rules = ss[i].cssRules || ss[i].rules; for (var j=0; j<rules.length; j++) { if ('.ui-helper-hidden'==rules[j].selectorText){ found=i; break; } } if (found>-1){ for (var j=0; j<rules.length; j++) { if (x=rules[j].style.background){ if ((i=x.indexOf('url'))!=-1) rules[j].style.background = x.replace('http://page/images/','chrome-extension://extensionId/images/'); } } break; } }; I feel that i'm missing the obvious. That there must be an easier way. Even if i manage to change this how will i get the extension id to build the string. Btw this doesn't work, the icons are not properly fetched. (I hardcoded the extension id) Any ideas?

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Jumping Vs. Gravity

- by PhaDaPhunk

Hi i'm working on my first XNA 2D game and I have a little problem. If I jump, my sprite jumps but does not fall down. And I also have another problem, the user can hold spacebar to jump as high as he wants and I don't know how to keep him from doing that. Here's my code: The Jump : if (FaKeyboard.IsKeyDown(Keys.Space)) { Jumping = true; xPosition -= new Vector2(0, 5); } if (xPosition.Y >= 10) { Jumping = false; Grounded = false; } The really simple basic Gravity: if (!Grounded && !Jumping) { xPosition += new Vector2(1, 3) * speed; } Here's where's the grounded is set to True or False with a Collision Rectangle MegamanRectangle = new Rectangle((int)xPosition.X, (int)xPosition.Y, FrameSizeDraw.X, FrameSizeDraw.Y); Rectangle Block1Rectangle = new Rectangle((int)0, (int)73, Block1.Width, Block1.Height); Rectangle Block2Rectangle = new Rectangle((int)500, (int)73, Block2.Width, Block2.Height); if ((MegamanRectangle.Intersects(Block1Rectangle) || (MegamanRectangle.Intersects(Block2Rectangle)))) { Grounded = true; } else { Grounded = false; } The grounded bool and The gravity have been tested and are working. Any ideas why? Thanks in advance and don't hesitate to ask if you need another Part of the Code.

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Screen space to world space

- by user13414

I am writing a 2D game where my game world has x axis running left to right, y axis running top to bottom, and z axis out of the screen: Whilst my game world is top-down, the game is rendered on a slight tilt: I'm working on projecting from world space to screen space, and vice-versa. I have the former working as follows: var viewport = new Viewport(0, 0, this.ScreenWidth, this.ScreenHeight); var screenPoint = viewport.Project(worldPoint.NegateY(), this.ProjectionMatrix, this.ViewMatrix, this.WorldMatrix); The NegateY() extension method does exactly what it sounds like, since XNA's y axis runs bottom to top instead of top to bottom. The screenshot above shows this all working. Basically, I have a bunch of points in 3D space that I then render in screen space. I can modify camera properties in real time and see it animate to the new position. Obviously my actual game will use sprites rather than points and the camera position will be fixed, but I'm just trying to get all the math in place before getting to that. Now, I am trying to convert back the other way. That is, given an x and y point in screen space above, determine the corresponding point in world space. So if I point the cursor at, say, the bottom-left of the green trapezoid, I want to get a world space reading of (0, 480). The z coordinate is irrelevant. Or, rather, the z coordinate will always be zero when mapping back to world space. Essentially, I want to implement this method signature: public Vector2 ScreenPointToWorld(Vector2 point) I've tried several things to get this working but am just having no luck. My latest thinking is that I need to call Viewport.Unproject twice with differing near/far z values, calculate the resultant Ray, normalize it, then calculate the intersection of the Ray with a Plane that basically represents ground-level of my world. However, I got stuck on the last step and wasn't sure whether I was over-complicating things. Can anyone point me in the right direction on how to achieve this?

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Suggestions for implementing a dynamic 2D level

- by Wouter

I am working on a game that needs a level that is completely generated. Currently my approach is to draw textures for the levels pixel by pixel during the game (in XNA with SpriteBatch). This is too intensive unfortunately. The game has frame drops even when I only draw 1 level texture each draw cycle. Here is an example of the current prototype. It is a simple sidescroller with the avatar swimming through a cave. The shape of this cave will alter throughout the level (textures and physics collision shapes). You can clearly see the boundaries of the level tiles in the screenshot below. These are generated just before they move into camera view. For inspiration I looked at PixelJunk Shooter 2. These levels are obviously not generated, but some of the levels have movement. How do you guys think they implemented it? My guess is that the level and other objects in the game are actually flat 3d models, but I am not sure..

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Improving SpriteBatch performance for tiles

- by Richard Rast

I realize this is a variation on what has got to be a common question, but after reading several (good answers) I'm no closer to a solution here. So here's my situation: I'm making a 2D game which has (among some other things) a tiled world, and so, drawing this world implies drawing a jillion tiles each frame (depending on resolution: it's roughly a 64x32 tile with some transparency). Now I want the user to be able to maximize the game (or fullscreen mode, actually, as its a bit more efficient) and instead of scaling textures (bleagh) this will just allow lots and lots of tiles to be shown at once. Which is great! But it turns out this makes upward of 2000 tiles on the screen each time, and this is framerate-limiting (I've commented out enough other parts of the game to make sure this is the bottleneck). It gets worse if I use multiple source rectangles on the same texture (I use a tilesheet; I believe changing textures entirely makes things worse), or if you tint the tiles, or whatever. So, the general question is this: What are some general methods for improving the drawing of thousands of repetitive sprites? Answers pertaining to XNA's SpriteBatch would be helpful but I'm equally happy with general theory. Also, any tricks pertaining to this situation in particular (drawing a tiled world efficiently) are also welcome. I really do want to draw all of them, though, and I need the SpriteMode.BackToFront to be active, because

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Stencil mask with AlphaTestEffect

- by Brendan Wanlass

I am trying to pull off the following effect in XNA 4.0: http://eng.utah.edu/~brendanw/question.jpg The purple area has 50% opacity. I have gotten pretty close with the following code: public static DepthStencilState AlwaysStencilState = new DepthStencilState() { StencilEnable = true, StencilFunction = CompareFunction.Always, StencilPass = StencilOperation.Replace, ReferenceStencil = 1, DepthBufferEnable = false, }; public static DepthStencilState EqualStencilState = new DepthStencilState() { StencilEnable = true, StencilFunction = CompareFunction.Equal, StencilPass = StencilOperation.Keep, ReferenceStencil = 1, DepthBufferEnable = false, }; ... if (_alphaEffect == null) { _alphaEffect = new AlphaTestEffect(_spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice); _alphaEffect.AlphaFunction = CompareFunction.LessEqual; _alphaEffect.ReferenceAlpha = 129; Matrix projection = Matrix.CreateOrthographicOffCenter(0, _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferWidth, _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferHeight, 0, 0, 1); _alphaEffect.Projection = world.SystemManager.GetSystem<RenderSystem>().Camera.View * projection; } _mask = new RenderTarget2D(_spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice, _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferWidth, _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferHeight, false, SurfaceFormat.Color, DepthFormat.Depth24Stencil8); _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(_mask); _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.Clear(ClearOptions.Target | ClearOptions.Stencil, Color.Transparent, 0, 0); _spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Immediate, null, null, AlwaysStencilState, null, _alphaEffect); _spriteBatch.Draw(sprite.Texture, position, sprite.SourceRectangle,Color.White, 0f, sprite.Origin, 1f, SpriteEffects.None, 0); _spriteBatch.End(); _spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Immediate, null, null, EqualStencilState, null, null); _spriteBatch.Draw(_maskTex, new Vector2(x * _maskTex.Width, y * _maskTex.Height), null, Color.White, 0f, Vector2.Zero, 1f, SpriteEffects.None, 0); _spriteBatch.End(); _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Black); _spriteBatch.Begin(); _spriteBatch.Draw((Texture2D)_mask, Vector2.Zero, null, Color.White, 0f, Vector2.Zero, 1f, SpriteEffects.None, layer/max_layer); _spriteBatch.End(); My problem is, I can't get the AlphaTestEffect to behave. I can either mask over the semi-transparent purple junk and fill it in with the green design, or I can draw over the completely opaque grassy texture. How can I specify the exact opacity that needs to be replace with the green design?

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Minecraft-style player-gound collision detection

- by khyperia

The title pretty much says it all... (Minecraft is a game consisting of evenly-spaced cubes for terrain, like voxels) Note: I am using C# XNA. I am pretty sure AABB is the way to go, yet I don't know how to implement it. I admit, I'm almost looking for code, but theories/ideas are very welcome. Important capabilities of my code: I have a function that can get a block anywhere in the world, and get a BoundingBox for that cube. Hence, I have created a BoundingBox for the player to collide with those cubes. My idea was to get the blocks around the player (maybe 4x6x4) and test against those. The problems I have been having: Say the world is a flat plane. If I use the method of go the shortest distance out, then if the player is slightly clipped into the ground (from gravity), but even slighter into the next block over, then the player will be pushed sideways (and so cannot walk along ground). Of course, this is assuming I react to every block intersected. Another problem is knowing which direction to go (aka negative x or positive). That takes me to my final problem- Getting the amount of intersection, in the correct direction (+ or -) has been tough for me. I hope I haven't been too hard to understand, I'm not too good at explaining things... And if this question has already been asked, I'm sorry, I looked for it... for 3 days straight. One last thing, if someone knows exactly how minecraft does it, or has source (I know MC modders have the source, how else would they mod), please point me to it.

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How to create water like in new super mario bros?

- by user1103457

I assume the water in New super mario bros works the same as in the first part of this tutorial: http://gamedev.tutsplus.com/tutorials/implementation/make-a-splash-with-2d-water-effects/ But in new super mario bros the water also has constant waves on the surface, and the splashes look very different. What's also a difference is that in the tutorial, if you create a splash, it first creates a deep "hole" in the water at the origin of the splash. In new super mario bros this hole is absent or much smaller. When I refer to the splashes in new super mario bros I am referring to the splashes that the player creates when jumping in and out of the water. For reference you could use this video: http://www.ign.com/videos/2012/11/17/new-super-mario-bros-u-3-star-coin-walkthrough-sparkling-waters-1-waterspout-beach just after 00:50, when the camera isn't moving you can get a good look at the water and the constant waves. there are also some good examples of the splashes during that time. How do they create the constant waves and the splashes? I am programming in XNA. (I have tried this myself but couldn't really get it all to work well together) (and as bonus questions: how do they create the light spots just under the surface of the waves, and how do they texture the deeper parts of the water? This is the first time I try to create water like this.)

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Getting into game/game engine programming

- by Darkslash

So I am interested in learning game programming, but I really have an interest in the lower level engineering in games. I have openGL experience, and I am really interested in learning more about implementing AI, Physics, etc. I have a computer science degree, so I really like getting into technical stuff. Many times when I ask about this sort of thing, I get a lot of "Use an engine", "Use Unity3d", "Why waste your time writing code that already exists", etc etc. My idea was to use simpler libraries such as SFML or XNA so that I could learn how to implement the more complex systems. The thing is, although I do want to write games, I want to learn things that using something like Unity simply doesnt teach you. My goal is not to make a current generation quality 3D game to sell, I just want to make some cool smaller games and learn all I can about the programming side of game development. Is this something that people just do not do anymore? It seems like everywhere I turn people are using Unity or UDK or GameMaker. I fully understand why you would use a tool like these, but I cant see how they would suit my purposes. So where does someone like myself turn? Am I trying to learn something that people just do not bother doing anymore? Is the innovation in this area gone and just all about gameplay now? Im sorry if this question seems silly, but I am genuinely interested in knowing more about this and meeting more people who are interested in this sort of thing.

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2D graphics - why use spritesheets?

- by Columbo

I have seen many examples of how to render sprites from a spritesheet but I havent grasped why it is the most common way of dealing with sprites in 2d games. I have started out with 2d sprite rendering in the few demo applications I've made by dealing with each animation frame for any given sprite type as its own texture - and this collection of textures is stored in a dictionary. This seems to work for me, and suits my workflow pretty well, as I tend to make my animations as gif/mng files and then extract the frames to individual pngs. Is there a noticeable performance advantage to rendering from a single sheet rather than from individual textures? With modern hardware that is capable of drawing millions of polygons to the screen a hundred times a second, does it even matter for my 2d games which just deal with a few dozen 50x100px rectangles? The implementation details of loading a texture into graphics memory and displaying it in XNA seems pretty abstracted. All I know is that textures are bound to the graphics device when they are loaded, then during the game loop, the textures get rendered in batches. So it's not clear to me whether my choice affects performance. I suspect that there are some very good reasons most 2d game developers seem to be using them, I just don't understand why.

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Drawing multiple triangles at once isn't working

- by Deukalion

I'm trying to draw multiple triangles at once to make up a "shape". I have a class that has an array of VertexPositionColor, an array of Indexes (rendered by this Triangulation class): http://www.xnawiki.com/index.php/Polygon_Triangulation So, my "shape" has multiple points of VertexPositionColor but I can't render each triangle in the shape to "fill" the shape. It only draws the first triangle. struct ShapeColor { // Properties (not all properties) VertexPositionColor[] Points; int[] Indexes; } First method that I've tried, this should work since I iterate through the index array that always are of "3s", so they always contain at least one triangle. //render = ShapeColor for (int i = 0; i < render.Indexes.Length; i += 3) { device.DrawUserIndexedPrimitives<VertexPositionColor> ( PrimitiveType.TriangleList, new VertexPositionColor[] { render.Points[render.Indexes[i]], render.Points[render.Indexes[i+1]], render.Points[render.Indexes[i+2]] }, 0, 3, new int[] { 0, 1, 2 }, 0, 1 ); } or the method that should work: device.DrawUserIndexedPrimitives<VertexPositionColor> ( PrimitiveType.TriangleList, render.Points, 0, render.Points.Length, render.Indexes, 0, render.Indexes.Length / 3, VertexPositionColor.VertexDeclaration ); No matter what method I use this is the "typical" result from my Editor (in Windows Forms with XNA) It should show a filled shape, because the indexes are right (I've checked a dozen of times) I simply click the screen (gets the world coordinates, adds a point from a color, when there are 3 points or more it should start filling out the shape, it only draws the lines (different method) and only 1 triangle). The Grid isn't rendered with "this" shape. Any ideas?

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Obtaining a world point from a screen point with an orthographic projection

- by vargonian

I assumed this was a straightforward problem but it has been plaguing me for days. I am creating a 2D game with an orthographic camera. I am using a 3D camera rather than just hacking it because I want to support rotating, panning, and zooming. Unfortunately the math overwhelms me when I'm trying to figure out how to determine if a clicked point intersects a bounds (let's say rectangular) in the game. I was under the impression that I could simply transform the screen point (the clicked point) by the inverse of the camera's View * Projection matrix to obtain the world coordinates of the clicked point. Unfortunately this is not the case at all; I get some point that seems to be in some completely different coordinate system. So then as a sanity check I tried taking an arbitrary world point and transforming it by the camera's View*Projection matrices. Surely this should get me the corresponding screen point, but even that didn't work, and it is quickly shattering any illusion I had that I understood 3D coordinate systems and the math involved. So, if I could form this into a question: How would I use my camera's state information (view and projection matrices, for instance) to transform a world point to a screen point, and vice versa? I hope the problem will be simpler since I'm using an orthographic camera and can make several assumptions from that. I very much appreciate any help. If it makes a difference, I'm using XNA Game Studio.

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Camera Collision inside the room model

- by sanddy

I am having a problem in Calculating the camera collision for my Room model which consists of sofa, tables and other models. The users shall be moving the camera front, back, rotating so i need to make sure that the camera does not collide with any of the models with in the room. I have treated all my models inside the room by BoundingBox[] and the camera by BoundingSphere. So, far i have implemented collision by looking into the tutorial from http://www.toymaker.info/Games/XNA/html/xna_model_collisions.html which was great. But, I guess the problem lies in the Transformation part. I debugged and found some points to be at Vector(-XXX,-XXX,-XXX) where X is digit. Also i found my radius of some models where too large(in thousand, i just looked into its radius value before converting to BoundingBox). Do I need to scale the model for collision??? Below are my code:- On My LoadContent(): Matrix[] transforms = new Matrix[myModel.Bones.Count]; myModel.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(transforms); int index = 0; box = new List<BoundingBox>(); BoundingBox worldModel = Utility.CalculateBoundingBox(myModel); foreach (ModelMesh mesh in myModel.Meshes) { Vector3[] obb = new Vector3[8]; worldModel.GetCorners(obb); Vector3[] asdf = (Vector3[])obb.Clone(); Vector3.Transform(obb, ref transforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index], obb); BoundingBox worldBox = BoundingBox.CreateFromPoints(obb); box.Add(worldBox); index++; } On CameraPosition Update: BoundingSphere bs = new BoundingSphere(this.cameraPos, 5.0f); if (RoomWalkthrough.Utility.CheckCollision(bs, bb)) { // Do Something } Please Help.

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Deferred rendering with both Clockwise and CounterClockwise culling

- by user1423893

I have a deferred rendering system that works well with objects that appear solid and drawn using CounterClockwise culling. I have a problem with Clockwise culled objects that are supposed to represent hollow that display their inside faces only. The image below shows a CounterClockwise culled object (left) Clockwise culled object (right). The Clockwise culled object faces display what would be displayed on the CounterClockwise face. How can I get the lighting to light the inner faces for Clockwise culled objects and continue lighting the outer CounterClockwise faces as normal? My lighting method is below private void DeferredLighting(GameTime gameTime) { // Set the render target for the lights game.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(lightMap); // Clear the render target to (0, 0, 0, 0) game.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Transparent); // Set the render states game.GraphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.Additive; game.GraphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.None; game.GraphicsDevice.RasterizerState = RasterizerState.CullCounterClockwise; // Set sampler state to Point as the Surface type requires it in XNA 4.0 game.GraphicsDevice.SamplerStates[0] = SamplerState.PointClamp; // Set the camera properties for all lights BaseLight.SetCameraProperties(game.ActiveCamera); // Draw the lights int numLights = lights.Count; for (int i = 0; i < numLights; ++i) { if (lights[i].Diffuse.W > 0f) { lights[i].Render(gameTime, ref normalMap, ref depthMap, ref sgrMap); } } // Resolve the render target game.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); } I have tried adjusting the render states but no combination works for both objects.

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