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  • How to sync the actions in a mutiplayer game?

    - by Wheeler
    I connect the clients with UDP (its a peer to peer connection on a multicast network) and the clients are sending their positions in every frame (in WP7 it means the default 30 FPS) to each other. This game is kinda a pong game, and my problem is the next: whenever the opponent hits the ball the angle will not be the same on both mobiles. I think its because the latency (1 pixel difference can cause a different angle). So my question is: how can I sync the hitting event?

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  • How to Best Optimize up Model Transforms, Import 3DS Animations Into XNA 4.0?

    - by Jason R. Mick
    Relative beginner to XNA, but trying to build a multi-purpose (3D) game frameworking in XNA 4. Been using the Reed (O'Reilly) and Cawood/McGee (McGraw Hill) guides. My question is multi-faceted and involves how to most efficiently handle models. I'm using 3DS Max 2010 with kw-Xport to ship out my models as .X files. Solved an early problem by using my depth stencil state. My models are now loading properly (yay!) and I have basic bounding working, I just want to optimize transforming models and get animations working as a next step. My questions on models are: 1. Do you have any suggestions for good resources on exporting 3DS animations to XNA? I've seen some resources on how to handle animations in XNA, but most skimp on basic topics of how to convert multi-animation 3DS files. For example how do I take one big long string of keyframed animations (say running, frame 5-20, climbing frames 25-45, etc.) and turned them into named XNA animations. To my understanding every XNA animation has to have a name, but I haven't seen any tutorials on creating a new named animation from a subset of frames. 2. Is it faster to load a model once and animate/transform that base model on the fly @ draw time, or to load multiple models? My game will have multiple enemies, and I've already seen some lagginess in XNA, so II want to make my code efficient... 3. I've heard people on app hub talking about making custom content processors for models-- what is the benefit of this? Does it speed up transforming or animating the models? If so, can you point me towards any good (model-centric) tutorials? (I've built a custom height map content processor to generate terrain, following Cawood's examples, I'm just a bit confused as to how a model content processor would be implemented.)

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  • Driver error when using multiple shaders

    - by Jinxi
    I'm using 3 different shaders: a tessellation shader to use the tessellation feature of DirectX11 :) a regular shader to show how it would look without tessellation and a text shader to display debug-info such as FPS, model count etc. All of these shaders are initialized at the beginning. Using the keyboard, I can switch between the tessellation shader and regular shader to render the scene. Additionally, I also want to be able toggle the display of debug-info using the text shader. Since implementing the tessellation shader the text shader doesn't work anymore. When I activate the DebugText (rendered using the text-shader) my screens go black for a while, and Windows displays the following message: Display Driver stopped responding and has recovered This happens with either of the two shaders used to render the scene. Additionally: I can start the application using the regular shader to render the scene and then switch to the tessellation shader. If I try to switch back to the regular shader I get the same error as with the text shader. What am I doing wrong when switching between shaders? What am I doing wrong when displaying text at the same time? What file can I post to help you help me? :) thx P.S. I already checked if my keyinputs interrupt at the wrong time (during render or so..), but that seems to be ok Testing Procedure Regular Shader without text shader Add text shader to Regular Shader by keyinput (works now, I built the text shader back to only vertex and pixel shader) (somthing with the z buffer is stil wrong...) Remove text shader, then change shader to Tessellation Shader by key input Then if I add the Text Shader or switch back to the Regular Shader Switching/Render Shader Here the code snipet from the Renderer.cpp where I choose the Shader according to the boolean "m_useTessellationShader": if(m_useTessellationShader) { // Render the model using the tesselation shader ecResult = m_ShaderManager->renderTessellationShader(m_D3D->getDeviceContext(), meshes[lod_level]->getIndexCount(), worldMatrix, viewMatrix, projectionMatrix, textures, texturecount, m_Light->getDirection(), m_Light->getAmbientColor(), m_Light->getDiffuseColor(), (D3DXVECTOR3)m_Camera->getPosition(), TESSELLATION_AMOUNT); } else { // todo: loaded model depends on distance to camera // Render the model using the light shader. ecResult = m_ShaderManager->renderShader(m_D3D->getDeviceContext(), meshes[lod_level]->getIndexCount(), lod_level, textures, texturecount, m_Light->getDirection(), m_Light->getAmbientColor(), m_Light->getDiffuseColor(), worldMatrix, viewMatrix, projectionMatrix); } And here the code snipet from the Mesh.cpp where I choose the Typology according to the boolean "useTessellationShader": // RenderBuffers is called from the Render function. The purpose of this function is to set the vertex buffer and index buffer as active on the input assembler in the GPU. Once the GPU has an active vertex buffer it can then use the shader to render that buffer. void Mesh::renderBuffers(ID3D11DeviceContext* deviceContext, bool useTessellationShader) { unsigned int stride; unsigned int offset; // Set vertex buffer stride and offset. stride = sizeof(VertexType); offset = 0; // Set the vertex buffer to active in the input assembler so it can be rendered. deviceContext->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &m_vertexBuffer, &stride, &offset); // Set the index buffer to active in the input assembler so it can be rendered. deviceContext->IASetIndexBuffer(m_indexBuffer, DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT, 0); // Check which Shader is used to set the appropriate Topology // Set the type of primitive that should be rendered from this vertex buffer, in this case triangles. if(useTessellationShader) { deviceContext->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_3_CONTROL_POINT_PATCHLIST); }else{ deviceContext->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST); } return; } RenderShader Could there be a problem using sometimes only vertex and pixel shader and after switching using vertex, hull, domain and pixel shader? Here a little overview of my architecture: TextClass: uses font.vs and font.ps deviceContext-VSSetShader(m_vertexShader, NULL, 0); deviceContext-PSSetShader(m_pixelShader, NULL, 0); deviceContext-PSSetSamplers(0, 1, &m_sampleState); RegularShader: uses vertex.vs and pixel.ps deviceContext-VSSetShader(m_vertexShader, NULL, 0); deviceContext-PSSetShader(m_pixelShader, NULL, 0); deviceContext-PSSetSamplers(0, 1, &m_sampleState); TessellationShader: uses tessellation.vs, tessellation.hs, tessellation.ds, tessellation.ps deviceContext-VSSetShader(m_vertexShader, NULL, 0); deviceContext-HSSetShader(m_hullShader, NULL, 0); deviceContext-DSSetShader(m_domainShader, NULL, 0); deviceContext-PSSetShader(m_pixelShader, NULL, 0); deviceContext-PSSetSamplers(0, 1, &m_sampleState); ClearState I'd like to switch between 2 shaders and it seems they have different context parameters, right? In clearstate methode it says it resets following params to NULL: I found following in my Direct3D Class: depth-stencil state - m_deviceContext-OMSetDepthStencilState rasterizer state - m_deviceContext-RSSetState(m_rasterState); blend state - m_device-CreateBlendState viewports - m_deviceContext-RSSetViewports(1, &viewport); I found following in every Shader Class: input/output resource slots - deviceContext-PSSetShaderResources shaders - deviceContext-VSSetShader to - deviceContext-PSSetShader input layouts - device-CreateInputLayout sampler state - device-CreateSamplerState These two I didn't understand, where can I find them? predications - ? scissor rectangles - ? Do I need to store them all localy so I can switch between them, because it doesn't feel right to reinitialize the Direct3d and the Shaders by every switch (key input)?!

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  • Best practice for setting Effect parameters in XNA

    - by hichaeretaqua
    I want to ask if there is a best practice for setting Effect parameters in XNA. Or in other words, what exactly happens when I call pass.Apply(). I can imagine multiple scenarios: Each time Apply is called, all effect parameters are transferred to the GPU and therefor it has no real influence how often I set a parameter. Each time Apply is called, only the parameters that got reset are transferred. So caching Set-operations that don't actually set a new value should be avoided. Each time Apply is called, only the parameters that got changed are transferred. So caching Set-operations is useless. This whole questions is bootless because no one of the mentions ways has any noteworthy impact on game performance. So the final question: Is it useful to implement some caching of set operation like: private Matrix _world; public Matrix World { get{ return _world; } set { if (value == world) return; _effect.Parameters["xWorld"].SetValue(value); _world = value; } } Thanking you in anticipation.

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  • Implementing features in an Entity System

    - by Bane
    After asking two questions on Entity Systems (1, 2), and reading some articles on them, I think that I understand them much better than before. But, I still have some uncertainties, and mainly they are about building a Particle Emitter, an Input system, and a Camera. I obviously still have some problems understanding Entity Systems, and they might apply to a whole other range of objects, but I chose these three because they are very different concepts and should cover a pretty big ground, and help me understand Entity Systems and how to handle problems like these myself, as they come along. I am building an engine in Javascript, and I've implemented most of the core features, which include: input handling, flexible animation system, particle emitter, math classes and functions, scene handling, a camera and a render, and a whole bunch of other things that engines usually support. Then, I read Byte56's answer that got me interested into making the engine into an Entity System one. It would still remain an HTML5 game engine with the basic Scene philosophy, but it should support dynamic creation of entities from components. These are some of the definitions from the previous questions, updated: An Entity is an identifier. It doesn't have any data, it's not an object, it's a simple id that represents an index in the Scene's list of all entities (which I actually plan to implement as a component matrix). A Component is a data holder, but with methods that can operate on that data. The best example is a Vector2D, or a "Position" component. It has data: x and y, but also some methods that make operating on the data a bit easier: add(), normalize(), and so on. A System is something that can operate on a set of entities that meet the certain requirements, usually they (the entities) need to have a specified (by the system itself) set of components to be operated upon. The system is the "logic" part, the "algorithm" part, all the functionality supplied by components is purely for easier data management. The problem that I have now is fitting my old engine concept into this new programming paradigm. Lets start with the simplest one, a Camera. The camera has a position property (Vector2D), a rotation property and some methods for centering it around a point. Each frame, it is fed to a renderer, along with a scene, and all the objects are translated according to it's position. Then the scene is rendered. How could I represent this kind of an object in an Entity System? Would the camera be an entity or simply a component? A combination (see my answer)? Another issues that is bothering me is implementing a Particle Emitter. For what exactly I mean by that, you can check out my video of it: http://youtu.be/BObargIMQsE. The problem I have with this is, again, what should be what. I'm pretty sure that particles themselves shouldn't be entities, as I want to support 10k+ of them, and creating that much entities would be a heavy blow on my performance, I believe. Or maybe not? Depends on the implementation, but anyone with experience: please, do answer. The last bit I wan't to talk about, which is also bugging me the most, is how input should be handled. In my current version of the engine, there is a class called Input. It's a handler that subscribes to browser's events, such as keypresses, and mouse position changes, and also it maintains an internal state. Then, the player class has a react() method, which accepts an input object as an argument. The advantage of this is that the input object could be serialized into JSON and then shared over the network, allowing for smooth multiplayer simulations. But how does this translate into an Entity System?

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  • SharpDx: using maximized RenderForm

    - by ceiling cat
    I'm trying to learn DirectX via SharpDX, very new to this. What I want to do is be able to draw 2D shapes for a game I'm trying to make. So I started with the demo "MiniRect" that came with SharpDX. Since I want my game to be full-screen, I changed the RenderForm to be maximized (using WindowState) and set the FromBorderStyle to None. I noticed that even if the form is set to maximized, it's size is always 800 by 600. In my renderloop, if I specify the location for the rectangle has 400 by 300, it is drawn in the middle of the screen. If I try to set the location via mouse-click (using the RenderForm's MouseClick event, there is always an offset present between where the mouse was clicked and where the drawing shows up. My system DPI is set to the standard (96) so there shouldn't be any scaling. But it looks like there is a scaling factor of about 2.4 If it's not the DPI settings, does anyone have any idea what this be related to? The problem doesnt happen if the RenderForm is not maximized. Is there another way to be drawing full-screen using SharpDX? Thanks

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  • TextMate can't find my RSpec gem in opt (from macports)

    - by sbwoodside
    I know I've had this problem before so I'm really frustrated. I've got the Ruby RSpec bundle installed for TextMate, but when I Run Behaviour Description or Run Focused Example I get this wonderful error: /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/1.8/usr/lib/ruby/1.8/rubygems.rb:827: in `report_activate_error': Could not find RubyGem rspec (>= 1.1.0) (Gem::LoadError) from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/1.8/usr/lib/ruby/1.8/rubygems.rb:261: in `activate' from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/1.8/usr/lib/ruby /1.8/rubygems.rb:68:in `gem' from /Users/simon/Library/Application Support/TextMate/Bundles/Ruby RSpec.tmbundle/Support/lib/spec_mate.rb:13 from /tmp/temp_textmate.oWRPUR:3:in `require' from /tmp/temp_textmate.oWRPUR:3 (I added linebreaks to make it readable) I'm using macports so my rspec gem is installed in /opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/. Why isn't it finding it? In Preferences Advanced Shell Variables my TM_RUBY is set to /opt/local/bin/ruby. I also tried the trick here: http://dnite.org/2007/8/28/textmate-and-your-environment-variables/ ... which didn't do anything.

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  • rotating model around own Y-axis XNA

    - by ChocoMan
    I'm have trouble with my model rotating around it's own Y-axis. The model is a person. When I test my world, the model is loaded at a position of 0, 0, 0. When I rotate my model from there, the model rotates like normal. The problem comes AFTER I moved the model to a new position. If I move the the model forward, left, etc, then try to rotate it on it's own Y-Axis, the model will rotate, but still around the original position in a circular manner (think of yourself swing around on a rope, but always facing outward from the center). Does anyone know how to keep the center point of rotation updated?

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  • Gesture Detector not firing

    - by Tyler
    So I'm trying to create a input class that implements a InputHandler & GestureListener in order to support both Android & Desktop. The problem is that not all the methods are being called properly. Here is the input class definition & a couple of the methods: public class InputHandler implements GestureListener, InputProcessor{ ... public InputHandler(OrthographicCamera camera, Map m, Player play, Vector2 maxPos) { ... @Override public boolean zoom(float originalDistance, float currentDistance) { //this.zoom = true; this.zoomRatio = originalDistance / currentDistance; cam.zoom = cam.zoom * zoomRatio; Gdx.app.log("GestureDetector", "Zoom - ratio: " + zoomRatio); return true; } @Override public boolean touchDown(int x, int y, int pointerNum, int button) { booleanConditions[TOUCH_EVENT] = true; this.inputButton = button; this.inputFingerNum = pointerNum; this.lastTouchEventLoc.set(x,y); this.currentCursorPos.set(x,y); if(pointerNum == 1) { //this.fingerOne = true; this.fOnePosition.set(x, y); } else if(pointerNum == 2) { //this.fingerTwo = true; this.fTwoPosition.set(x,y); } Gdx.app.log("GestureDetector", "touch down at " + x + ", " + y + ", pointer: " + pointerNum); return true; } The touchDown event always occurs but I can never trigger Zoom (or pan among others...). The following is where I register and create the input handler in the "Game Screen". public class GameScreen implements Screen { ... this.inputHandler = new InputHandler(this.cam, this.map, this.player, this.map.maxCamPos); Gdx.input.setInputProcessor(this.inputHandler); Anyone have any ideas why zoom, pan, etc... are not triggering? Thanks!

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  • Fastest pathfinding for static node matrix

    - by Sean Martin
    I'm programming a route finding routine in VB.NET for an online game I play, and I'm searching for the fastest route finding algorithm for my map type. The game takes place in space, with thousands of solar systems connected by jump gates. The game devs have provided a DB dump containing a list of every system and the systems it can jump to. The map isn't quite a node tree, since some branches can jump to other branches - more of a matrix. What I need is a fast pathfinding algorithm. I have already implemented an A* routine and a Dijkstra's, both find the best path but are too slow for my purposes - a search that considers about 5000 nodes takes over 20 seconds to compute. A similar program on a website can do the same search in less than a second. This website claims to use D*, which I have looked into. That algorithm seems more appropriate for dynamic maps rather than one that does not change - unless I misunderstand it's premise. So is there something faster I can use for a map that is not your typical tile/polygon base? GBFS? Perhaps a DFS? Or have I likely got some problem with my A* - maybe poorly chosen heuristics or movement cost? Currently my movement cost is the length of the jump (the DB dump has solar system coordinates as well), and the heuristic is a quick euclidean calculation from the node to the goal. In case anyone has some optimizations for my A*, here is the routine that consumes about 60% of my processing time, according to my profiler. The coordinateData table contains a list of every system's coordinates, and neighborNode.distance is the distance of the jump. Private Function findDistance(ByVal startSystem As Integer, ByVal endSystem As Integer) As Integer 'hCount += 1 'If hCount Mod 0 = 0 Then 'Return hCache 'End If 'Initialize variables to be filled Dim x1, x2, y1, y2, z1, z2 As Integer 'LINQ queries for solar system data Dim systemFromData = From result In jumpDataDB.coordinateDatas Where result.systemId = startSystem Select result.x, result.y, result.z Dim systemToData = From result In jumpDataDB.coordinateDatas Where result.systemId = endSystem Select result.x, result.y, result.z 'LINQ execute 'Fill variables with solar system data for from and to system For Each solarSystem In systemFromData x1 = (solarSystem.x) y1 = (solarSystem.y) z1 = (solarSystem.z) Next For Each solarSystem In systemToData x2 = (solarSystem.x) y2 = (solarSystem.y) z2 = (solarSystem.z) Next Dim x3 = Math.Abs(x1 - x2) Dim y3 = Math.Abs(y1 - y2) Dim z3 = Math.Abs(z1 - z2) 'Calculate distance and round 'Dim distance = Math.Round(Math.Sqrt(Math.Abs((x1 - x2) ^ 2) + Math.Abs((y1 - y2) ^ 2) + Math.Abs((z1 - z2) ^ 2))) Dim distance = firstConstant * Math.Min(secondConstant * (x3 + y3 + z3), Math.Max(x3, Math.Max(y3, z3))) 'Dim distance = Math.Abs(x1 - x2) + Math.Abs(z1 - z2) + Math.Abs(y1 - y2) 'hCache = distance Return distance End Function And the main loop, the other 30% 'Begin search While openList.Count() != 0 'Set current system and move node to closed currentNode = lowestF() move(currentNode.id) For Each neighborNode In neighborNodes If Not onList(neighborNode.toSystem, 0) Then If Not onList(neighborNode.toSystem, 1) Then Dim newNode As New nodeData() newNode.id = neighborNode.toSystem newNode.parent = currentNode.id newNode.g = currentNode.g + neighborNode.distance newNode.h = findDistance(newNode.id, endSystem) newNode.f = newNode.g + newNode.h newNode.security = neighborNode.security openList.Add(newNode) shortOpenList(OLindex) = newNode.id OLindex += 1 Else Dim proposedG As Integer = currentNode.g + neighborNode.distance If proposedG < gValue(neighborNode.toSystem) Then changeParent(neighborNode.toSystem, currentNode.id, proposedG) End If End If End If Next 'Check to see if done If currentNode.id = endSystem Then Exit While End If End While If clarification is needed on my spaghetti code, I'll try to explain.

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  • How do I set a touch listener in a child scene in AndEngine?

    - by Siddharth
    In my game, I want to implement touch listener for my child scene objects. Basically I tried all the possible way to implement this that I have usually done for my normal scenes, but those methods do not work here. Could somebody provide some guidance for setting touch area listener in child scene? Here is my code: menuScene.setTouchAreaBindingEnabled(true); menuScene.registerTouchArea(resumeButtonSprite); menuScene.registerTouchArea(retryButtonSprite); menuScene.registerTouchArea(exitButtonSprite); menuScene.setOnAreaTouchListener(new IOnAreaTouchListener() { @Override public boolean onAreaTouched(TouchEvent pSceneTouchEvent, ITouchArea pTouchArea, float pTouchAreaLocalX, float pTouchAreaLocalY) { System.out.println("Touch"); return true; } }); In this code, menuScene was a child scene activity. Also after research I found that my engine was stopped while the child scene was activated so the touch event is not detected. I want to implement a pause menu in my game so any desirable solution for a pause menu implementation would help.

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  • Suggestions for implementing a dynamic 2D level

    - by Wouter
    I am working on a game that needs a level that is completely generated. Currently my approach is to draw textures for the levels pixel by pixel during the game (in XNA with SpriteBatch). This is too intensive unfortunately. The game has frame drops even when I only draw 1 level texture each draw cycle. Here is an example of the current prototype. It is a simple sidescroller with the avatar swimming through a cave. The shape of this cave will alter throughout the level (textures and physics collision shapes). You can clearly see the boundaries of the level tiles in the screenshot below. These are generated just before they move into camera view. For inspiration I looked at PixelJunk Shooter 2. These levels are obviously not generated, but some of the levels have movement. How do you guys think they implemented it? My guess is that the level and other objects in the game are actually flat 3d models, but I am not sure..

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  • Writing the correct value in the depth buffer when using ray-casting

    - by hidayat
    I am doing a ray-casting in a 3d texture until I hit a correct value. I am doing the ray-casting in a cube and the cube corners are already in world coordinates so I don't have to multiply the vertices with the modelviewmatrix to get the correct position. Vertex shader world_coordinate_ = gl_Vertex; Fragment shader vec3 direction = (world_coordinate_.xyz - cameraPosition_); direction = normalize(direction); for (float k = 0.0; k < steps; k += 1.0) { .... pos += direction*delta_step; float thisLum = texture3D(texture3_, pos).r; if(thisLum > surface_) ... } Everything works as expected, what I now want is to sample the correct value to the depth buffer. The value that is now written to the depth buffer is the cube coordinate. But I want the value of pos in the 3d texture to be written. So lets say the cube is placed 10 away from origin in -z and the size is 10*10*10. My solution that does not work correctly is this: pos *= 10; pos.z += 10; pos.z *= -1; vec4 depth_vec = gl_ProjectionMatrix * vec4(pos.xyz, 1.0); float depth = ((depth_vec.z / depth_vec.w) + 1.0) * 0.5; gl_FragDepth = depth;

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  • Importing an object from Blender into a scene, rotation on X axis?

    - by Arne
    This is my situation: I save the scene with blender no export with any processing steps. Blender has x right y up -z into the scene for the view coordinates (OpenGL) I have x right y up -z into the scene for the view coordinates (OpenGl) Bleneder has x/y plane and z up as world coordinates I have x/y plane and z up as world coordinates I load the mesh with assimp directly from the blend file with absolutely no post processing. The object is rotated abount p/2 on the x-axis. Why?

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  • Game Maker Studio Gravity Problems

    - by Dusty
    I've started messing around with Game Maker Studio. The problem I'm having is trying to get a gravity code for orbiting. Here's how i did it in XNA foreach (GravItem Item in StarSystem.ActiveItems.OfType<GravItem>()) { if (this != Item) { Velocity += (10 * Vector2.Normalize(Item.Position - this.Position * (this.Mass * Item.Mass) / (Vector2.DistanceSquared(this.Position, Item.Position)) / (this.Mass)); } } Simple and works well, things or bit and everything is nice. but in Game maker i don't have the luxury of Vector2's or a For-each loop to loop threw all the objects that have a mass. I've tried a few different things but nothing seems to work distance = distance_to_object(obj_moon); //--Gravity hspeed += (0.5 * (distance) * (Mass * obj_moon.Mass) / (sqr(distance)) / Mass) vspeed += (0.5 * (distance) * (Mass * obj_moon.Mass) / (sqr(distance)) / Mass) thanks for the help

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  • Implement Negascout Algorithm with stack

    - by Dan
    I'm not familiar with how these stack exchange accounts work so if this is double posting I apologize. I asked the same thing on stackoverflow. I have added an AI routine to a game I am working on using the Negascout algorithm. It works great, but when I set a higher maximum depth it can take a few seconds to complete. The problem is it blocks the main thread, and the framework I am using does not have a way to deal with multi-threading properly across platforms. So I am trying to change this routine from recursively calling itself, to just managing a stack (vector) so that I can progress through the routine at a controlled pace and not lock up the application while the AI is thinking. I am getting hung up on the second recursive call in the loop. It relies on a returned value from the first call, so I don't know how to add these to a stack. My Working c++ Recursive Code: MoveScore abNegascout(vector<vector<char> > &board, int ply, int alpha, int beta, char piece) { if (ply==mMaxPly) { return MoveScore(evaluation.evaluateBoard(board, piece, oppPiece)); } int currentScore; int bestScore = -INFINITY; MoveCoord bestMove; int adaptiveBeta = beta; vector<MoveCoord> moveList = evaluation.genPriorityMoves(board, piece, findValidMove(board, piece, false)); if (moveList.empty()) { return MoveScore(bestScore); } bestMove = moveList[0]; for(int i=0;i<moveList.size();i++) { MoveCoord move = moveList[i]; vector<vector<char> > newBoard; newBoard.insert( newBoard.end(), board.begin(), board.end() ); effectMove(newBoard, piece, move.getRow(), move.getCol()); // First Call ****** MoveScore current = abNegascout(newBoard, ply+1, -adaptiveBeta, -max(alpha,bestScore), oppPiece); currentScore = - current.getScore(); if (currentScore>bestScore){ if (adaptiveBeta == beta || ply>=(mMaxPly-2)){ bestScore = currentScore; bestMove = move; }else { // Second Call ****** current = abNegascout(newBoard, ply+1, -beta, -currentScore, oppPiece); bestScore = - current.getScore(); bestMove = move; } if(bestScore>=beta){ return MoveScore(bestMove,bestScore); } adaptiveBeta = max(alpha, bestScore) + 1; } } return MoveScore(bestMove,bestScore); } If someone can please help by explaining how to get this to work with a simple stack. Example code would be much appreciated. While c++ would be perfect, any language that demonstrates how would be great. Thank You.

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  • FloodFill Algorithm for Game of Go

    - by Jackson Borghi
    I'm having a hell of a time trying to figure out how to make captured stones disappear. I've read everywhere that I should use the FloodFill algorithm, but I havent had any luck with that so far. Any help would be amazing! Here is my code: package Go; import static java.lang.Math.; import static stdlib.StdDraw.; import java.awt.Color; public class Go2 { public static Color opposite(Color player) { if (player == WHITE) { return BLACK; } return WHITE; } public static void drawGame(Color[][] board) { Color[][][] unit = new Color[400][19][19]; for (int h = 0; h < 400; h++) { for (int x = 0; x < 19; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < 19; y++) { unit[h][x][y] = YELLOW; } } } setXscale(0, 19); setYscale(0, 19); clear(YELLOW); setPenColor(BLACK); line(0, 0, 0, 19); line(19, 19, 19, 0); line(0, 19, 19, 19); line(0, 0, 19, 0); for (double i = 0; i < 19; i++) { line(0.0, i, 19, i); line(i, 0.0, i, 19); } for (int x = 0; x < 19; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < 19; y++) { if (board[x][y] != YELLOW) { setPenColor(board[x][y]); filledCircle(x, y, 0.47); setPenColor(GRAY); circle(x, y, 0.47); } } } int h = 0; } public static void main(String[] args) { int px; int py; Color[][] temp = new Color[19][19]; Color[][] board = new Color[19][19]; Color player = WHITE; for (int i = 0; i < 19; i++) { for (int h = 0; h < 19; h++) { board[i][h] = YELLOW; temp[i][h] = YELLOW; } } while (true) { drawGame(board); while (!mousePressed()) { } px = (int) round(mouseX()); py = (int) round(mouseY()); board[px][py] = player; while (mousePressed()) { } floodFill(px, py, player, board, temp); System.out.print("XXXXX = "+ temp[px][py]); if (checkTemp(temp, board, px, py)) { for (int x = 0; x < 19; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < 19; y++) { if (temp[x][y] == GRAY) { board[x][y] = YELLOW; } } } } player = opposite(player); } } private static boolean checkTemp(Color[][] temp, Color[][] board, int x, int y) { if (x < 19 && x > -1 && y < 19 && y > -1) { if (temp[x + 1][y] == YELLOW || temp[x - 1][y] == YELLOW || temp[x][y - 1] == YELLOW || temp[x][y + 1] == YELLOW) { return false; } } if (x == 18) { if (temp[x - 1][y] == YELLOW || temp[x][y - 1] == YELLOW || temp[x][y + 1] == YELLOW) { return false; } } if (y == 18) { if (temp[x + 1][y] == YELLOW || temp[x - 1][y] == YELLOW || temp[x][y - 1] == YELLOW) { return false; } } if (y == 0) { if (temp[x + 1][y] == YELLOW || temp[x - 1][y] == YELLOW || temp[x][y + 1] == YELLOW) { return false; } } if (x == 0) { if (temp[x + 1][y] == YELLOW || temp[x][y - 1] == YELLOW || temp[x][y + 1] == YELLOW) { return false; } } else { if (x < 19) { if (temp[x + 1][y] == GRAY) { checkTemp(temp, board, x + 1, y); } } if (x >= 0) { if (temp[x - 1][y] == GRAY) { checkTemp(temp, board, x - 1, y); } } if (y < 19) { if (temp[x][y + 1] == GRAY) { checkTemp(temp, board, x, y + 1); } } if (y >= 0) { if (temp[x][y - 1] == GRAY) { checkTemp(temp, board, x, y - 1); } } } return true; } private static void floodFill(int x, int y, Color player, Color[][] board, Color[][] temp) { if (board[x][y] != player) { return; } else { temp[x][y] = GRAY; System.out.println("x = " + x + " y = " + y); if (x < 19) { floodFill(x + 1, y, player, board, temp); } if (x >= 0) { floodFill(x - 1, y, player, board, temp); } if (y < 19) { floodFill(x, y + 1, player, board, temp); } if (y >= 0) { floodFill(x, y - 1, player, board, temp); } } } }

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  • Which K-factor should be used in case players have different K-factor values

    - by DmitryN
    I am implementing a ranking system based on the Elo rating and cannot get a point about the K-factor. If two players with different skills and, therefore, different K-factors are playing, which exactly K-factor should be used when changing their ratings? For example, player A has rating 2500 and K-factor 16 (probability ~75%) while player B has rating 2300 and K-factor 24 (probability ~25%). If player A wins, do I need to use 16 as K-factor for both players or 16 for player A and 24 for player B?

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  • How can I author objects with perspective that fit into a tile-based map but span multiple tiles?

    - by Growler
    I'm creating a tilemap city and trying to figure out the most efficient way to create unique building scenes. The trick is, I need to maintain a sort of 2D, almost-top-down perspective, which is hard to do with buildings or large objects that span multiple tiles. I've tried doing three buildings at a time, and mixing and matching the base layer and colors, like this: This creates a weird overlapping effect, and also doesn't seem that efficient from a production standpoint. But it was the best way to have shadows appear correctly on the neighboring buildings. I'm wondering if modular buildings would be the way to go? That way I can mix and match any set of buildings together as tiles: I guess I would have to risk some perspective and shadowing to get the buildings to align correctly. What sort of authoring process could I use to allow me to create a variety of buildings (or other objects) that maintain this perspective while spanning multiple tiles worth of screen space? Would you recommend creating blank buildings, and then affixing art overlays as necessary to make the buildings unique? Or should they be directly part of the building tile (for example, create a separate tileset of buildings signs and colorings)?

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  • morph a sphere to a cube and a a cube to a sphere with GLSL

    - by nkint
    hi i'm getting started with glsl with quartz composer. i have a patch with a particle system in which each particle is mapped into a sphere with a blend value. with blend=0 particles are in random positions, blend=1 particles are in the sphere. the code is here: vec3 sphere(vec2 domain) { vec3 range; range.x = radius * cos(domain.y) * sin(domain.x); range.y = radius * sin(domain.y) * sin(domain.x); range.z = radius * cos(domain.x); return range; } // in main: normal = sphere(p0); * blend + gl_Normal * (1.0 - blend); i'd like the particle to be on a cube if blend=0 i've tried to find but i can't figure out some parametric equation for the cube. mayebe it is not the right way?

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  • Developing a long pannable, sprite-animated Windows Store app

    - by Groo
    I am creating my first Windows Store app in XAML, and I cannot seem to find a proper example for the requirements I have (I have spent a couple of days fiddling around, so I apologize if I missed something obvious). Basic idea of the app is to have a large scrollable canvas which would lazily start animating visible parts of the view as soon as user stops panning over a certain content (with some audio played also): My original idea was to use a StackPanel to add a bunch of custom controls, each of which would then animate itself once visible (with a short delay), but I have a couple of concerns: If the entire canvas is ~50 screen widths wide, is it feasible to load all content at the beginning, or do I need to plan doing some lazy loading during scrolling? For example, when I select a certain region in the Bing Travel app, it seems to lazily load tiles as I scroll it towards the end. Since content is stretched 100% vertically, and these animations are vectorized to be resolution independent, I am not sure if XAML (CompositionTarget) will be able to handle this, or I have to go for DirectX (MonoGame or C++) to get rid of flicker. Even better, is there an example for Windows 8 which uses a 100% vertically sized GridView with custom animated controls inside?

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  • C# Item system design approach, should I use abstract classes, interfaces or virutals?

    - by vexe
    I'm working on a Resident Evil 1/2/3/0/Remake type of game. Currently I've done a big part of the inventory system (here's a link if you wanna see my inventory, pretty outdated, added a lot of features and made a lot of enhancements) Now I'm thinking about how to approach the items system, If you've played any Resident Evil game or any of its likes you should be familiar with what I'm trying to achieve. Here's a very simple category I made for the items: So you have different items, with different operations you could perform on them, there are usable items that you could use, like for example herbs and first aid kits that 'using' them would affect your health, keys to unlock doors, and equipable items that you could 'equip' like weapons. Also, you can 'combine' two items together to get new one, like for example mixing a green and red herb would give you a new type of herb, or combining a lighter with a paper, would give you a burnt paper, or ammo with a gun, would reload the gun or something. etc. You know the usual RE drill. Not all items are 'transformable', in that, for example: lighter + paper = burnt paper (it's the paper that 'transforms' to burnt paper and not the lighter, the lighter is not transformable it will remain as it is) green herb + red herb = newHerb1 (both herbs will vanish and transform to this new type of herb) ammo + gun = reload gun (ammo state will remain as it is, it won't change but it will just decrease, nothing will happen to the gun it just gets reloaded) Also a key note to remember is that you can't just combine items randomly, each item has a 'mating' item(s). So to sum up, different items, and different operations on them. The question is, how to approach this, design-wise? I've been learning about interfaces, but it just doesn't quite get into my head, I mean, why not just use classes with the good old inheritance? I know the technical details of interfaces and that the cool thing about them is that they don't require an inheritance chain, but I just can't see how to use them properly, that is, if they were the right thing to use here. So should I go with just classes and inheritance? just like in the tree I showed you? or should I think more about how to use interfaces? (IUsable, IEquipable, ITransformable) - why not just use classes UsableItem, Equipable item, TransformableItem? I want something that won't give me headaches in the long run, something resilient/flexible to future changes. I'm OK using classes, but I smell something better here. The way I'm thinking is to possibly use both inheritance and interfaces, so that you have a branch like this: item - equipable - weapon. but then again, the weapon has methods like 'reload' 'examine' 'equip' some of them 'combine' so I'm thinking to make weapon implement ICombinable?... not all items get used the same way, using herbs will increase your health, using a key will open a door, so IUsable maybe? Should I use a big database (XML for example) for all the items, items names, mates, nRowsReq, nColsReq, etc? Thanks so much for your answers in advanced, note that demo 3 is coming after I'm done with items :D

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  • 3d transformation of game world keeping gameplay 2d - COCOS2D 2.0

    - by samfisher
    Using: COCOS2D + iOS. I want to rotate the game world, may be loading another .tmx file for another dimensions when user want to switch dimension. the effect what I am looking for is something like this:CLICK HERE What I have thought of till now: rotating CCCamera will be mandatory. Question: How will I have the other part of the level in place while the camera rotates/rotating? I can load a CCSprite and rotate it accordingly to the 3rd dimension. phew..!! Question: When the camera and world is rotated, will the player controls work properly.. I think not...? I think a better option would be to checkout with COCOS3D... there I could implement 3d world... right?? Question: Not sure how well 2d dynamics will work there as I want to user Box2d as physics engine.. could anyone provide suggestions? Regards, Sam

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  • Ogre3D Fog with overlays

    - by Yourdoom
    I'm building a game with Ogre3d, I've got fog working properly with: scenemanager->setFog(Ogre::FOG_LINEAR, Ogre::ColourValue( 0.23f, 0.725f, 1.0f ), 0, 18, 20 ); However I'm currently implementing a GUI system (libRocket) which is rendered on top of everything else, and this removes the fog, does anyone know how to fix this? (I'm using the default libRocket rendering system for ogre as included in the samples, but this problem also appears when using a semi-transparent overlay).

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  • Adding new events to be handled by script part without recompilation of c++ source code

    - by paul424
    As in title I want to write an Event system with handling methods written in external script language, that is Angelscript. The AS methods would have acess to game's world modifing API ( which has to be regsitered for Angelscript Machine as the game starts) . I have come to this problem : if we use the Angelsript for rapid prototyping of the game's world behavior , we would like to be able to define new Event Types, without recompiling the main binary. Is that ever possible , don't stick to Angelscript, I think about any possible scripting language. The main thought is this : If there's some really new Event possible to be constructed , we must monitor some information coming from the binary, for example some variable value changing and the Events are just triggered on some conditions on those changes , wer might be monitoring the Creatures HP, by having a function call on each change, there we could define new Events such as Creature hurt, creature killed, creature healed , creature killed and tormented to pieces ( like geting HP very much below 0 ) . Are there any other ideas of constructing new Events at the scripting side ?

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