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• Unable to remove a file which have a name like a command argument

  - by Justin

  By inadvertance, I've created a file called -r into my home directory. Please don't ask me how and why, I don't recall. But the fact is that now I cannot get rid of it : rm -rf rm: missing operand Try 'rm --help' for more information. Other try : rm /-/r rm: cannot remove ‘/-/r’: No such file or directory Another one : rm \-r rm: missing operand Try 'rm --help' for more information. Is there a way to remove this file without deleting the whole directory ? Thanks.

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• What has 'rm -r ~' done to my home directory?

  - by GUI Junkie

  gedit creates hidden backup files ending with '~'. I wanted to do a recursive cleanup of my directory tree. The command rm *~ will delete all local files ending with '~' I thought rm -r *~ . would delete all files in the whole tree, but I typo-ed rm -r ~. There was a message some directory could not be deleted and I quit the command. The question is: What have I been deleting? I did notice that my Filezilla configuration was gone. Does this command delete all hidden directories from the home dir?

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• How to determine the size of a package in terminal prior to downloading?

  - by user14590

  When using apt-get install <package_name>, and there are dependencies that need to be downloaded, the terminal outputs names of additional packages and total size, and asks for confirmation before downloading. But, when dependencies are satisfied and nothing but the named package needs to be downloaded there is no size output and no confirmation. When using Synaptic, I can see the total size that new packages that will use after installation but no way to see the size that needs to be downloaded, except to go from package to package and use properties to see the compressed size. I would like to know if there is a way to see the size of a package(s) in terminal and Synaptic prior to downloading and installing it/them?

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• What does /dev/null mean in a shell script?

  - by rishiag

  I've started learning bash scripting by using this guide: http://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/abs-guide.pdf However I got stuck at the first script: cd /var/log cat /dev/null > messages cat /dev/null > wtmp echo "Log files cleaned up." What do lines 2 and 3 do in Ubuntu (I understand cat)? Is it only for other Linux distributions? After running this script as root, the output I get is Log files cleaned up. But /var/log still contains all the files.

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• How to copy files via terminal?

  - by Levan

  This might sound silly for some people but I'm new to Linux and don't know how to use it as good as other people, yes I rad about copying files with terminal but these examples will help me a lot. So here is what I want to do: Examples: I have a file in /home/levan/kdenlive untitelds.mpg and I want to copy this file to /media/sda3/SkyDrive and do not want to delete any thing in SkyDrive directory. I have a file in /media/sda3/SkyDrive untitelds.mpg and I want to copy this file to /home/levan/kdenlive and do not want to delete any thing in kdenlive directory I want to copy a folder from home directory to sda3 and do not want to delete any thing on sda3 directory and opposite I want to cut a folder/file and copy to other place without deleting files in that directory I cut it into.

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• Is it practically useful to decline GUI for a newbie in Ubuntu?

  - by Kifsif

  My Ubuntu is 12.04. I have just started learning Linux and Ubuntu in particular. To remember commands quicker, I'd like to decline GUI. But there are some problems. I don't know where installed programs are to launch them. For example, I have a pdf file. I know that there is a program to view such files. Should it be the case of GUI, I would just click on the pdf-file, and have a look that I use Document Viewer 3.4.0. Then I would like to launch Firefox Web Browser. Even if I know it is installed, how to find the file to be launched using just CLI is a mystery to me. Could you suggest me anything.

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• Saving more corsor positions (with tput?) in bash terminal

  - by AndreasT

  I know that tput sc saves the current cursor position and tput rc restores it exactly where tput sc was called. The problem is that every time tput sc is called, it overwrites the previous saved position. Is there a way to save more positions, e.g. tput sc pos1 and tput sc pos2 which can be restored with, say, tput rc pos1 and tput rc pos2 respectively? (The solution need not make use of tput, I mentioned it because it's the only command I know that handles cursor position) If not, is there a way to at least save the cursor position locally in a function, so that if a function uses tput sc and then calls another function that runs again tput sc, then each function restores its own saved cursor position when invoking tput rc? Thanks in advance.

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• All command need privilage

  - by Am1rr3zA

  I try to install Hping3 in my ubuntu 8.04 but after installation when I want to Hping3 I got this error: Command 'hping3' is available in '/usr/sbin/hping3' The command could not be located because '/usr/sbin' is not included in the PATH environment variable. This is most likely caused by the lack of administrative priviledges associated with your user account. also when I try to run ifconfig I get this: Command 'ifconfig' is available in '/sbin/ifconfig' The command could not be located because '/sbin' is not included in the PATH environment variable. This is most likely caused by the lack of administrative priviledges associated with your user account. first it needs to run sudo su and then run the command. is it normal? or I miss something? when I run echo $PATH I get: /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/games:/home/amirreza/simulator/ns-allinone-2.33/bin:/home/amirreza/simulator/ns-allinone-2.33/tcl8.4.18/unix:/home/amirreza/simulator/ns-allinone-2.33/tk8.4.18/unix:/home/amirreza/simulator/ns-allinone-2.33/ns-2.33/:/home/amirreza/simulator/ns-allinone-2.33/nam-1.14/

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• Open Terminal with multiple tabs and execute application

  - by user172001

  I am new to linux shell scripting. I want to write a shell script which will open terminal with multiple tabs; it should run rtsp client app in each tab. For this, I have gone through question here in this forum and tried to code like bellow, tab="--tab-with-profile=Default -e " cmd="java RunRTSPClient" for i in 1 2 3 4 5 do # foo="$foo $tab $cmd" done gnome-terminal $foo exit 0 This is running and opens the terminal window with tabs but suddenly it will close. I am not getting any errors.

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• Crash During Update Deleted ALL panels; can't open terminal; can't see icons

  - by Evan

  So I was upgrading Ubuntu from 11.10 to 12.04 in the terminal after recovering my system from a previous crash, and then I go through a power outage during the second time trying to update. NOW, my screen is white, only the time shows up in the top right corner, no icons show up, no apps show up, AND terminal is NOT opening. I can still use the internet somehow, and ctrl + alt + F2 opens what I think is a back-up terminal? NEED HELP to recover what is lost.

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• Split large file, have arbitrary start index number

  - by nEJC

  I do a lot of file manipulation on my system and in one particular batch job I end up with around 16 Gb file. I need to prepare this data into smaller chunks for another process. I split it into 10k lines per file and numeric index, padded to 5 digits split -a 5 -d -l 10000 large_input_file /out_path/out. This way I end up with files named out.00000 out.00001 ... The problem is that this way indexing always starts with 0. Is there a way to set it to arbitrary starting index? man reveals nothing ...

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• No GUI before login on Ubuntu 14.04

  - by Pablo Chinchilla

  After I installed Ubuntu 14.04 as the only OS on my computer on nomodeset to install the Nvidia drivers for my video card. I installed it and all is working properly. The only problem that I have is that when I turn on my compurter I only see command lines instead of the Ubuntu logo. After that the login screen works in a proper way even with the GUI. I only want to get the Ubuntu logo instead of the command lines. PS: when I turn off my computer, the same thing is repeated.

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• What's the difference between set, export and env and when should I use each?

  - by Oli

  Every so often I'll bash out a bash script and it strikes me there are a few ways of setting a variable: key=value env key=value export key=value When you're inside a script or a single command (for instance, I'll often chain a variable with a Wine launcher to set the right Wine prefix) these seem to be completely interchangeable but surely that can't be the case. What's the difference between these three methods and can you give me an example of when I would specifically want to use each one? Definitely related to What is the difference between `VAR=...` and `export VAR=...`? but I want to know how env fits into this too, and some examples showing the benefits of each would be nice too :)

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• What do the various dpkg flags like 'ii' 'rc' mean?

  - by theTuxRacer

  I frequently need to check which packages are installed, and I use the following command: dpkg -l | grep foo which gives the following output Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold | Status=Not/Inst/Cfg-files/Unpacked/Failed-cfg/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend |/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) ||/ Name Version Description ii foo <version> <description> What does the ii mean? What other flags are there? How to read the flags? (because the explanation is quite complicated, IMO) Thanks.

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• Best book/source to learn the unix commands

  - by Kraken

  So I was intern at this company wherein they'd use just putty. Now I've never worked with unix commands, apart from the basic , compile code , run C code. But now I would love to know all the things about the unix. Starting off with the commands, from the most basic of all to the decent level. Also, moving forward, how the different folders/files are arranged in a unix (ubuntu is installed on my system) system. I have picked up a couple of books, but they dont seem to help. Can someone suggest a comprehensive book that'll fulfill my needs. Because, working with a GUI on ubuntu does not really give me the real feel of things. Hence I'd want to move on to the terminal instead. Thanks.

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• How do I add more than one command to /etc/rc.local?

  - by Andreas

  I want to add two power saving commands to /etc/rc.local file. This to dissable bluetooth: rfkill block bluetooth And this to reduce screen brightness: echo 3024 > /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness Separately added to /etc/rc.local they work but not both of them together like this: #/bin/sh -e # # rc.local # # This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel. # Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other # value on error. # # In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution # bits. # # By default this script does nothing. echo 3024 > /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness rfkill block bluetooth exit 0 How do I add the two commands to get them properly executed at start-up? Update It turned out to be a timing issue. I fixed it by delaying the execution of the first command thus: (sleep 5; echo 3021 > /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness)&

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• How do I make apt-get install commands not display every package that is installing?

  - by rajlego

  When I install something on terminal, it often shows me a few things for status. For one, it shows download rate (which is fine). However, when I install something, it can display Unpacking libgranite2:amd64 (0.3.0~r732+pkg64~ubuntu0.3.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package slingshot-launcher. Preparing to unpack .../slingshot-launcher_0.7.6.1+r421+pkg32~ubuntu0.3.1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking slingshot-launcher (0.7.6.1+r421+pkg32~ubuntu0.3.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package contractor. Preparing to unpack .../contractor_0.3.1~r136+pkg22~ubuntu0.3.1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking contractor (0.3.1~r136+pkg22~ubuntu0.3.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package apport-hooks-elementary. Preparing to unpack .../apport-hooks-elementary_0.1-0~35~saucy1_all.deb ... Unpacking apport-hooks-elementary (0.1-0~35~saucy1) ... Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.13-1) ... Processing triggers for libglib2.0-0:amd64 (2.40.0-2) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1) ... Setting up libgranite-common (0.3.0~r732+pkg64~ubuntu0.3.1) ... Setting up libgranite2:amd64 (0.3.0~r732+pkg64~ubuntu0.3.1) ... Setting up slingshot-launcher (0.7.6.1+r421+pkg32~ubuntu0.3.1) ... Setting up contractor (0.3.1~r136+pkg22~ubuntu0.3.1) ... Setting up apport-hooks-elementary (0.1-0~35~saucy1) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.19-0ubuntu6) .. I would rather that not show up. I only want to see download rate, not all that other stuff. How do I do this? EDIT: I would also like the jargon to be stored somwehre else if something goes wrong, or for the jargon to just be expanable on terminal.

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• Can't copy file (I/O error) Ubuntu Server

  - by QxQ

  I'm running Ubuntu Server 12.04, and basically found out that a couple of files aren't behaving like they should. The file name is r.-1.-1.mca, and I've tried using this terminal command sudo cp r.-1.-1.mca ../ The hard drive is working/thinking for a while, then spits this back out: cp: reading `r.-1.-1.mca': Input/output error cp: failed to extend `../r.-1.-1.mca': Input/output error I have another file behaving like this. My guess is that these files are corrupt, so I tried running the server in recovery mode and it told me to check the file system. However, it didn't come up with any errors. Is there a way to repair these files so I can use them normally again?

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• accessing webpages from terminal

  - by August

  Using Ubuntu 12.04 . I know two methods to access the web-pages through terminal . They are lynx & elinkswhen i have tried to use them to access web-pages from terminal i didn't felt any kind of speed improvements . I am not sure whether its a usual thing or my speed (because its slow one ). so which way is the best to access the web-page terminal browsers or GUI browsers? and what else more i can get/lost from text terminals ?

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• How to get nicer error-messages in this bash-script?

  - by moata_u

  I'm trying to catch any error when run a command in order to write a log-file / report I've tried this code: function valid (){ if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "$var1" ": status : OK" else echo "$var1" ": status : ERROR" fi } function save(){ sed -i "/:@/c connection.url=jdbc:oracle:thin:@$ip:1521:$dataBase" $search var1="adding database ip" valid $var1 sed -i "/connection.username/c connection.username=$name" #$search var1="addning database SID" valid $var1 } save The output looks like this: adding database ip : status : OK sed: no input file But I want it to look like this: adding database ip : status : OK sed: no input file : status : ERROR" or this: adding database ip : status : OK addning database SID : status : ERROR" I've been trying, but it's not working with me. :(

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• Upgrade tree to 1.6?

  - by Pureferret

  I'm trying to upgrade my version of tree to 1.6 on ubuntu 12.04. I've d'loaded, ran make and make install in the terminal using the sudo command. ~/tree-1.6.0$ sudo make make: Nothing to be done for `all'. I've already run sudo make here ~/tree-1.6.0$ sudo make install install -d /usr/bin install -d /usr/man/man1 if [ -e tree ]; then \ install -s tree /usr/bin/tree; \ fi install doc/tree.1 /usr/man/man1/tree.1 What's this output though? It's not updated. I've checked the man page, and -du doesn't work. How am I supposed to update tree if not via the terminal?

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• Using terminal in hacking way (Xubuntu 10.04)

  - by user1163511

  I am beginner in using terminal in Linux. I have some questions about it. First of all, I want to ask you question out of the issue-What is the name of th Terminal in Xubuntu 10.04(for example- bash or anything like this)? My main question is - Is there any way of using the terminal for hacking (e.g. port scanning, whois, gaining root account and take a look of the file system of the server or another things). I will be very pleased to get answers. Thank you for patience and tolerance!

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• Why did this command ":(){ :|: & };:" make my system lag so bad I had to reboot?

  - by blade19899

  Danger! Do not run this command to "test" it unless you are prepared for a crash and/or force-rebooting your system I was in my Virtualbox running 12.04 trying to compile an app, and while waiting I happened to chance upon a forum where a comment said: Try :(){ :|: & };: Fun, too, and doesn't need root. Without thinking I ran it in my gnome-terminal it made my 12.04 virtualbox lag so badly I had to shut it down. My question is what does this command do? :(){ :|: & };:

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• Why did the command ":(){ :|: & };:" make my system lag so badly I had to reboot?

  - by blade19899

  Danger! Do not run this command to "test" it unless you are prepared for a crash and/or force-rebooting your system I was in my Virtualbox running 12.04 trying to compile an app, and while waiting I happened to chance upon a forum where a comment said: Try :(){ :|: & };: Fun, too, and doesn't need root. Without thinking I ran it in my gnome-terminal it made my 12.04 virtualbox lag so badly I had to shut it down. My question is what does this command do? :(){ :|: & };:

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• Is there a way to mirror directory changes in Terminator?

  - by Kasisnu

  I'm on Ubuntu 12.04 and am using Terminator as my primary terminal. I like it because it lets me keep a python interpreter and bash terminal open at the same time, in the same view. What is annoying is that I end up moving between directories A LOT, and then I have to do it twice. Is there a way to set up a terminator configuration to do that? To have terminator mirror directory changes. I'm guessing I'm not the only one that finds that frustrating!

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