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• Cannot access host from a virtualbox guest using bridged adapter

  - by David Dai

  I have a windows 7 host with firewall turned off. And I have a windowsXP guest running on Virtualbox 4.2.4r81684. In my windowsXP guest I tried to connect to the FTP server on my host machine(which used to work well) but it didn't work. I tried to ping my host machine, but it didn't work either. Then I tried to ping my guest from host, it worked well. my guest ip is :192.168.1.95 my host ip is : 192.168.1.9 route table on guest machine is this: C:\Documents and Settings\wenlong>route PRINT =========================================================================== Interface List 0x1 ........................... MS TCP Loopback interface 0x2 ...08 00 27 66 54 6c ...... AMD PCNET Family PCI Ethernet Adapter #2 - Packe t Scheduler Miniport =========================================================================== =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.95 20 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.95 192.168.1.95 20 192.168.1.95 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 20 192.168.1.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.95 192.168.1.95 20 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 192.168.1.95 192.168.1.95 20 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.95 192.168.1.95 1 Default Gateway: 192.168.1.1 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None arp cache is this: C:\Documents and Settings\wenlong>arp -a Interface: 192.168.1.95 --- 0x2 Internet Address Physical Address Type 192.168.1.1 00-26-f2-60-3c-04 dynamic 192.168.1.9 90-e6-ba-c2-90-2f dynamic It's strange because there was no problem days before and I didn't make any changes to the setting. could anybody help? PS. the guest can communicate with other machines in the LAN(for example 192.168.1.114) ok. it just cannot connect to the host machine.

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• BGP Multipath & return routes

  - by Dennis van der Stelt

  I'm probably a complete n00b concerning serverfault related questions, but our IT department makes a bold statement I wish to verify. I've searched the internet, but can find nothing related to my question, so I come here. We have Threat Management Gateway 2010 and we used to just route the request to IIS and it contained the ip address so we could see where it was coming from. But now they turned on "Requests apear to come the TMG server" so ip addresses aren't forwarded anymore. Every request has the ip of the TMG server. Now the idea behind this is that because of multipath bgp routes, the incoming request goes over RouteA, but the acknowledgement messages could return over RouteB. The claim is that because the request doesn't come from the first known source, our proxy, but instead from IIS, some smart routers at the visitor of our websites don't recognize the acknowledgement message and filter it out. In other words, the response never arrives. Again, this is the claim. But I cannot find ANY resources on the internet that support this claim. I do read about bgp multipath, but more in the case that there are alternative routes when the fastest route fails for some reason. So is the claim completely bogus or is there (some) truth to it? Can someone explain or point me to resources? Thanks in advance!

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• Mirror a Dropbox repository in Sharepoint and restrict access

  - by Dan Robson

  I'm looking for an elegant way to solve the following problem: My development team uses Dropbox for sharing documents amongst our immediate group. We'd like to put some of those documents into a SharePoint repository for the larger group to be able to access, as granting Dropbox access to the group at large is not ideal. However, we'd like to continue to be able to propagate changes to the SharePoint site simply by updating the files in Dropbox on our local client machines, and also vice versa - users granted access on SharePoint that update files in that workspace should be able to save their files and the changes should appear automatically on our client PC's. I've already done the organization of the folders so that in Dropbox, there exists a SharePoint folder that looks something like this: SharePoint ----Team --------Restricted Access Folders ----Organization --------Open Access Folders The Dropbox master account and the SharePoint master account are both set up on my file server. Unfortunately, Dropbox doesn't seem to allow syncing of folders anywhere above the \Dropbox\ part of the file system's hierarchy - or all I would have to do is find where the Sharepoint repository is maintained locally, and I'd be golden. So it seems I have to do some sort of 2-way synchronization between the Dropbox folder on the file server and the SharePoint folder on the file server. I messed around with Microsoft SyncToy, but it seems to be lacking in the area of real-time updating - and as much as I love rsync, I've had nothing but bad luck with it on Windows, and again, it has to be kicked off manually or through Task Scheduler - and I just have a feeling if I go down that route, it's only a matter of time before I get conflicts all over the place in either Dropbox, SharePoint, or both. I really want something that's going to watch both folders, and when one item changes, the other automatically updates in "real-time". It's quite possible I'm going down the entirely wrong route, which is why I'm asking the question. For simplicity's sake, I'll restate the goal: To be able to update Dropbox and have it viewable on the SharePoint site, or to update the SharePoint site and have it viewable in Dropbox. And since I'm a SharePoint noob, I'll also need help hiding the "Team" subfolder from everyone not in a specific group in AD.

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• JBoss7 load balancing with mod_proxy_balancer - session not working

  - by Phil P.

  I am trying to set up mod_proxy_balancer for routing requests to 2 jboss7-servers. For the time being I am testing this setup on my local machine, using following config in httpd.conf: ProxyRequests Off <Proxy \*> Order deny,allow Deny from all </Proxy> ProxyPass / balancer://mycluster/ stickysession=JSESSIONID|jsessionid scolonpathdelim=On <Proxy balancer://mycluster> BalancerMember http://localhost:8080 route=node1 BalancerMember http://localhost:8081 route=node2 Order allow,deny Allow from all </Proxy> and in the standalone.xml file of each jboss I have defined the jvmRoute system property: <system-properties> <property name="jvmRoute" value="node1"/> </system-properties> At http:// localhost/myapp the application is accessible but the java-session is not build up correctly. Consequently the authentication is not working. The funny thing is, that everything is working if I turn off one JBoss-instance. As I have tried a couple of settings already, I am thankful for any further suggestions.

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• Debian/OVH: How to configure multiple Failover IP on the same Xen (Debian) Virtual Machine?

  - by D.S.

  I have a problem on a Xen virtual machine (running latest Debian), when I try to configure a second failover IP address. OVH reports that my IP is misconfigured and they complaint they receive a massive quantity of ARP packets from this IPs, so they are going to block my IP unless I fix this issue. I suspect there's a routing issue, but I don't know (and can't find any useful info on the provider's website, and their support doesn't provide me a valid solution, just bounce me to their online - useless - guides). My /etc/network/interfaces look like this: # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address AAA.AAA.AAA.AAA netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast AAA.AAA.AAA.AAA post-up route add 000.000.000.254 dev eth0 post-up route add default default gw 000.000.000.254 dev eth0 # Secondary NIC auto eth0:0 iface eth0:0 inet static address BBB.BBB.BBB.BBB netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast BBB.BBB.BBB.BBB And the routing table is: Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 000.000.000.254 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 000.000.000.254 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 In these examples (true IP addresses are replaced by fake ones, guess why :)), 000.000.000.000 is my main server's IP address (dom0), 000.000.000.254 is the default gateway OVH recommends, AAA.AAA.AAA.AAA is the first IP Failover and BBB.BBB.BBB.BBB is the second one. I need both AAA.AAA.AAA.AAA and BBB.BBB.BBB.BBB to be publicly reachable from Internet and point to my domU, and to be able to access Internet from inside the virtual machine (domU). I am using eth0 and eth0:0 because due to OVH support, I have to assign both IPs to the same MAC address and then create a virtual eth0:0 interface for the second IP. Any suggestion? What am I doing wrong? How can I stop OVH complaining about ARP flood? Many thanks in advance, DS

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• Pinging an external server through OpenVPN tunnel doesn’t work

  - by qdii

  I have an OpenVPN server and a client, and I want to use this tunnel to access not only 10.0.8.0/24 but the whole internet. So far, pinging the server from the client through the tun0 interface works, and vice versa. However, pinging www.google.com from the client through tun0 doesn’t work (all packets are lost). I figured that I should configure the server so that any packet coming from tun0 in destination of the internet be forwarded, so I came up with this iptables config line: interface_connecting_to_the_internet='eth0' interface_openvpn='tun0' internet_ip_address=`ifconfig "$interface_connecting_to_the_internet" | sed -n s'/.*inet \([0-9.]*\).*/\1/p'` iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o "${interface_connecting_to_the_internet}" -j SNAT --to-source "${internet_ip_address}" echo '1' > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward Yet, this doesn’t work, the packets are still lost and I am wondering what could possibly be wrong with my setup. Some details: ip route gives on the server: default via 176.31.127.254 dev eth0 metric 3 10.8.0.0/24 via 10.8.0.2 dev tun0 10.8.0.2 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 10.8.0.1 127.0.0.0/8 via 127.0.0.1 dev lo 176.31.127.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 176.31.127.109 ip route gives on the client: default via 192.168.1.1 dev wlan0 proto static 10.8.0.1 via 10.8.0.5 dev tun0 10.8.0.5 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 10.8.0.6 127.0.0.0/8 via 127.0.0.1 dev lo scope link 192.168.1.0/24 dev wlan0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.109 client uses wifi adapter wlan0 and TUN adapter tun0. server uses ethernet adapter eth0 and TUN adapter tun0. the VPN spans on 10.0.8.0/24 both client and linux are using Linux 3.6.1.

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• Can OpenVPN invoke DHCP Client?

  - by Ency

  I have got working VPN connection through openvpn, but I would like to use also my DHCP server and not openvpn's push feature. Currently everything works fine, but I have to manually start dhcp client, eg. dhclient tap0 and I get IP and other important stuff from my DHCP, is there any directive which start DHCP Client when connection is established? There is my client's config: remote there.is.server.com float dev tap tls-client #pull port 1194 proto tcp-client persist-tun dev tap0 #ifconfig 192.168.69.201 255.255.255.0 #route-up "dhclient tap0" #dhcp-renew ifconfig 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-noexec ifconfig-nowarn ca /etc/openvpn/ca.crt cert /etc/openvpn/encyNtb_openvpn_client.crt key /etc/openvpn/encyNtb_openvpn_client.key dh /etc/openvpn/dh-openvpn.dh ping 10 ping-restart 120 comp-lzo verb 5 log-append /var/log/openvpn.log Here comes server's config: mode server tls-server dev tap0 local servers.ip.here port 1194 proto tcp-server server-bridge # Allow comunication between clients client-to-client # Allowing duplicate users per one certificate duplicate-cn # CA Certificate, VPN Server Certificate, key, DH and Revocation list ca /etc/ssl/CA/certs/ca.crt cert /etc/ssl/CA/certs/openvpn_server.crt key /etc/ssl/CA/private/openvpn_server.key dh /etc/ssl/CA/dh/dh-openvpn.dh crl-verify /etc/ssl/CA/crl.pem # When no response is recieved within 120seconds, client is disconected keepalive 10 60 persist-tun persist-key user openvpn group openvpn # Log and Connected clients file log-append /var/log/openvpn verb 3 status /var/run/openvpn/vpn.status 10 # Compression comp-lzo #Push data to client push "route-gateway 192.168.69.1" push "redirect-gateway def1"

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• PGB Multipath & return routes

  - by Dennis van der Stelt

  I'm probably a complete n00b concerning serverfault related questions, but our IT department makes a bold statement I wish to verify. I've searched the internet, but can find nothing related to my question, so I come here. We have Threat Management Gateway 2010 and we used to just route the request to IIS and it contained the ip address so we could see where it was coming from. But now they turned on "Requests apear to come the TMG server" so ip addresses aren't forwarded anymore. Every request has the ip of the TMG server. Now the idea behind this is that because of multipath bgp routes, the incoming request goes over RouteA, but the acknowledgement messages could return over RouteB. The claim is that because the request doesn't come from the first known source, our proxy, but instead from IIS, some smart routers at the visitor of our websites don't recognize the acknowledgement message and filter it out. In other words, the response never arrives. Again, this is the claim. But I cannot find ANY resources on the internet that support this claim. I do read about pgb multipath, but more in the case that there are alternative routes when the fastest route fails for some reason. So is the claim completely bogus or is there (some) truth to it? Can someone explain or point me to resources? Thanks in advance!

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• Public-to-Public IPSec tunnel: NAT confusion

  - by WuckaChucka

  I know this is possible -- and apparently fairly common with larger companies that don't/can't route private addresses for overlap reasons -- but I can't wrap my head around how to get this to work. I'm playing around with pfSense, Vyatta and a Cisco 5505 right now, hardware-wise. So here's my setup: WEST: Vyatta outside: 10.0.0.254/24 inside: 172.16.0.1/24 machine a: 172.16.0.200/24 EAST: Cisco 5505 outside: 10.0.0.210/24 inside: 192.168.10.1 machine b (webserver): 192.168.10.2 So what we're trying to do is this: route traffic across the tunnel from machine A to machine B without using private addresses. i.e. 172.16.0.200 makes a TCP request to 10.0.0.210:80, and as far as EAST is concerned, it sees a src IP of 10.0.0.254. On WEST, I have your typical many-to-one Source NAT to translate 172.16.0.0/24 to 10.0.0.254 and that's confirmed to be working. Also on WEST, I have the following IPSec config: Local IP: 10.0.0.254 Peer IP: 10.0.0.210 local subnet: 10.0.0.254/32 remote subnet: 10.0.0.210/32 I have the reversed configuration on EAST. What happens when I make a request from machine A to 10.0.0.210:80 is that the SNAT translates the private address of machine A to 10.0.0.254 and it's routed out (and discarded at the other end) without establishing the tunnel. What I'm assuming is happening is that the inside interface on WEST receives a packet from 172.16.0.200 and since this doesn't match the local subnet defined in the tunnel configuration, it's not processed by the IPSec engine and the tunnel is not established. How do you make this work? Seems like a chicken and egg thing with the NAT and IPSec and I just can't wrap my head around how this can be done: can I say, "if a packet is received on the inside interface with a destination of 10.0.0.210, translate it to 10.0.0.254 before the IPSec engine inspects it"?

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• Centos 6.2 Fresh 'Basic Server' install networking issues

  - by RWC

  I've had a /29 provisioned on a network port for a server and am trying to at least configure the machine so I can ssh into it. It's Centos 6.2 x64 with the Basic Server install. Currently not able to ping gateway or any address for that matter. For reference: Default Interface: em2 Network ID: 66.*.*.0/29 Gateway: 66.*.*.1 Broadcast: 66.*.*.7 Please see my following configs: /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-em2 DEVICE=em2 NM_CONTROLLED=yes ONBOOT=yes HWADDR=Not Important TYPE=Ethernet BOOTPROTO=none IPADDR=66.*.*.2 PREFIX=29 DNS1=8.8.8.8 DNS2=8.8.4.4 DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes IPV6INIT=no NAME="System em2" NETMASK=255.255.255.248 USERCTL=no $: route -n Destination // Gateway // Genmask // Flags // Metric // Ref // Use // Iface 66.*.*.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.248 U 0 0 0 em2 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 1003 0 em2 0.0.0.0 66.*.*.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 em2 $: route Destination // Gateway // Genmask // Flags // Metric // Ref // Use // Iface 66.*.*.0 * 255.255.255.248 U 0 0 0 em2 link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 0 1003 0 em2 default 66.*.*.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 em2 $: cat /etc/sysconfig/network NETWORKING=yes HOSTNAME=excalibur.domain.com GATEWAY=66.*.*.1 Keep in mind that I cannot even currently ping the gateway which is quite confusing for me. My /etc/hosts are configured correctly with the *.2 address. I'm not concerned with getting all of the addresses on the /29 up and running yet, just one so I can at least ssh in. Thanks! Edit: Adding in ifconfig. $: ifconfig em2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX inet addr:66.*.*.2 Bcat:66.*.*.7 Mask:255.255.255.248 inet6 addr: UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:5536 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:10 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:2599469 (2.4 MiB) TX bytes: 748 (748.0 b) Interrupt:48 Memory:dc000000-dc012800 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:34 errors:0 etc etc

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• virtualisation with kvm: export services from guest to the host

  - by ascobol

  Hello, I would like to export some services from the guest os to the host os, via kvm, and by the same way learn some things about networking. I have tried the following commands: In the host (kubuntu 10.4): $ sudo tunctl -u ascobol Set 'tap0' persistent and owned by uid 2401 $ sudo ifconfig tap0 192.168.2.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255 The ifconfig command returns: $ /sbin/ifconfig tap0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 3e:4e:e3:cc:bc:92 inet addr:192.168.2.1 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::3c4e:e3ff:fecc:bc92/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:17 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) $ route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 tap0 Then I run the virtual machine (ubuntu server 10.4): $ sudo kvm -hda ubuntuserver104.qcow2 -net nic -net tap,name=tap0,script=no (I'm using sudo because without it fails with the following message:) warning: could not configure /dev/net/tun: no virtual network emulation With sudo the virtual machine boots, I just get this message: pci_add_option_rom: failed to find romfile "pxe-rtl8139.bin" In the virtual machine: $ ifconfig eth0 192.168.2.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255 Now if I run: $ ssh 192.168.2.2 I just get a No route to host What is wrong with this setup ? Thanks !

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• Architecture for highly available MySQL with automatic failover in physically diverse locations

  - by Warner

  I have been researching high availability (HA) solutions for MySQL between data centers. For servers located in the same physical environment, I have preferred dual master with heartbeat (floating VIP) using an active passive approach. The heartbeat is over both a serial connection as well as an ethernet connection. Ultimately, my goal is to maintain this same level of availability but between data centers. I want to dynamically failover between both data centers without manual intervention and still maintain data integrity. There would be BGP on top. Web clusters in both locations, which would have the potential to route to the databases between both sides. If the Internet connection went down on site 1, clients would route through site 2, to the Web cluster, and then to the database in site 1 if the link between both sites is still up. With this scenario, due to the lack of physical link (serial) there is a more likely chance of split brain. If the WAN went down between both sites, the VIP would end up on both sites, where a variety of unpleasant scenarios could introduce desync. Another potential issue I see is difficulty scaling this infrastructure to a third data center in the future. The network layer is not a focus. The architecture is flexible at this stage. Again, my focus is a solution for maintaining data integrity as well as automatic failover with the MySQL databases. I would likely design the rest around this. Can you recommend a proven solution for MySQL HA between two physically diverse sites? Thank you for taking the time to read this. I look forward to reading your recommendations.

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• Force local IP traffic to an external interface

  - by calandoa

  I have a machine with several interfaces that I can configure as I want, for instance: eth1: 192.168.1.1 eth2: 192.168.2.2 I would like to forward all the traffic sent to one of these local addresses through the other interface. For instance, all requests to an iperf, ftp, http server at 192.168.1.1 should be not just routed internally, but forwarded through eth2 (and the external network will take care of re-routing the packet to eth1). I tried and looked at several commands, like iptables, ip route, etc... but nothing worked. The closest behavior I could get was done with: ip route change to 192.168.1.1/24 dev eth2 which send all 192.168.1.x on eth2, except for 192.168.1.1 which is still routed internally. May be I could then do NAT forwarding of all traffic directed to fake 192.168.1.2 on eth1, rerouted to 192.168.1.1 internally? I am actually struggling with iptables, but it is too tough for me. The goal of this setup is to do interface driver testing without using two PCs. I am using Linux, but if you know how to do that with Windows, I'll buy it!

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• PFSense VPN Routing

  - by SvrGuy

  We use PFSense firewalls at three installations with the following LAN networks: 1.) Datacenter #1: 10.0.0.0/16 2.) Datacenter #2: 10.1.0.0/16 3.) HQ: 10.2.0.0/16 All of these locations are linked via an IPSEC tunnel that works properly. Hosts in any of the above networks can communicate with hosts in any other of the above networks. Now, for our laptops etc. we established a road warrior network 10.3.0.0/16 and have implemented OpenVPN to link the laptops etc. to Datacenter #1. This works great too, so our laptops can connect and communicate with any host in Datacenter #1 (anything on 10.0.0.0/16) The problem is the laptops can't communicate with any hosts that Datacenter #1 can reach by its IPSEC tunnel to Datacenter #2 (and/or the HQ for that matter). Does anyone know what to do configuration wise on the PFSense box in Datacenter #1 to configure to route packets received on the OpenVPN tunnel to Datacenter #2 over the IPSEC tunnel? It could be a setting on the OpenVPN or some sort of static route or some such. Any ideas?

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• Add IPv6 support to DirectAdmin server

  - by George Boot

  I just set up an new DirectAdmin, and I want to prepare it for IPv6 use. My ISP have gave me an range of IPv6 addresses that I can use. Lets say that address is 2a01:7c8:**:1f::. My neworkadapter user DHCP to resolves its IP-addresses. When i type ifoncig eth0 I get the following result: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:**:**:**:ce:f3 inet addr:37.**.**.44 Bcast:37.**.**.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: 2a01:7c8:****:1f::/64 Scope:Global inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fe87:cef3/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:38941 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:29439 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:3779534 (3.6 MiB) TX bytes:5089379 (4.8 MiB) As you can see, I have an IPv6 address set, but I can't ping6 an IPv6 host. I get the error: connect: Network is unreachable. I decided that I needed an gateway, so I tryed to add one: ip -6 route add default via 2a01:7c8:****::1 dev eth0 (2a01:7c8:**::1 is the gateway of my ISP). But it trows an error: RTNETLINK answers: No route to host. Does somebody know what to do, and how to solve this issue? Thanks a lot!

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• In spite of correct DNS, Exchange sending to wrong destination server for single outbound domain

  - by beporter

  My company uses an SBS 2003 server and makes use of Exchange to host our own email. We also have a linux server hosting domains for some of our clients. In order for us to send to those clients, we had internal DNS set up to shadow the client domains to provide "correct" MX records inside our network. For example, public DNS for a domain abc.com might point to 1.2.3.4, but internally we have MX records set up to route mail for abc.com to 172.16.0.4, which is the linux email server. This setup was entirely functional; this is just back story. We've recently moved one of our client domains from our internal linux server to an external email provider. When we did that, we naturally deleted our internal shadow DNS records so our Exchange server would fetch correct (public) DNS records and route mail out to the new external host. This has NOT had any effect on Exchange though. Even after rebooting the Exchange server and completely flushing the DNS cache (nslookups on the Exchange machine itself correctly resolve to the new external address) Exchange still attempts to deliver messages for the domain to our internal server! Exchange correctly routes to all other internal and external domains when sending email. Somehow Exchange is trying to deliver to a machine that by all accounts it has no business trying to use for just this one domain. Is there a DNS cache that Exchange uses internally? Is there a way to flush that internal cache? What else could I be missing?

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• IPSec Tunnel to Amazon EC2 - Netkey, NAT, and routing problem

  - by Ernest Mueller

  Hey all, I'm working on getting an IPSec VPN working between Amazon EC2 and my on-premise. The goal is to be able to safely administer stuff, up/download data, etc. over that tunnel. I have gotten the tunnel up in openswan between a Fedora 12 instance with an elastic IP and a Cisco router that's also NATted. I think the ipsec part is OK, but I'm having trouble figuring out how to route traffic that way; there's no "ipsec0" virutal interface because on Amazon you have to use netkey and not KLIPS for the vpn. I hear iptables may be required and I'm an iptables noob. On the left (Amazon), I have a 10. network. Box 1 is privately 10.254.110.A, publically IP 184.73.168.B. Netkey tunnel is up. Box 2 is publically 130.164.26.C, privately 130.164.0.D And my .conf is: conn ni type= tunnel authby= secret left= 10.254.110.A leftid= 184.73.168.B leftnexthop= %defaultroute leftsubnet= 10.254.0.0/32 right= 130.164.26.C rightid= 130.164.0.D rightnexthop= %defaultroute rightsubnet= 130.164.0.0/18 keyexchange= ike pfs= no auto= start keyingtries= 3 disablearrivalcheck=no ikelifetime= 240m auth= esp compress= no keylife= 60m forceencaps= yes esp= 3des-md5 I added a route to box 1 (130.164.0.0/18 via 10.254.110.A dev eth0) but that doesn't do it for predictable reasons, when I traceroute the traffic's still going "around" and not through the vpn. Routing table: 10.254.110.0/23 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 10.254.110.A 130.164.0.0/18 via 10.254.110.178 dev eth0 src 10.254.110.A 169.254.0.0/16 dev eth0 scope link metric 1002 Anyone know how to do the routing with a netkey ipsec tunnel where both sides are NATted? Thanks...

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• How to subnet hosted VMs

  - by bwizzy

  I have a network of VMs each having a LAN IP address and a public IP address. They each have a 1:1 NAT map for public access via the public IP for HTTP, SSH etc. I'm trying to figure out a way to restrict the LAN IPs from talking to each other, but there are some cases where a group of LAN IPs will need to communicate. I'm using pfSense as a firewall / router on a 192.168.0.0/24 configuration. It seems like I could assign each VM it's own subnet and add a static route to the firewall for that VM to get back to the firewall for internet access / other fw rules. Is that right? I assigned 1 VM with: address 192.168.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.254 gateway 192.168.1.1 Then added a static route on the FW's LAN interface using 192.168.1.0/30 as the destination network and 192.168.1.1 as the gateway. Nothing appears to be working, anyone have any ideas? Please be aware I'm not that familiar with subnets. Thanks!

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• Multiple IP's using one NIC connectivity problem - Windows

  - by Vincent

  I have a frame relay network that is directly connected to a GPRS network. I also have a ADSL high speed network and recently I have been trying to achieve the following network configuration using windows 7 (Also tried XP) with no success to date. On one server I have two NIC's NIC1 I would like the following two static IP address's 10.0.1.110 and 10.0.1.200 the cisco router has a default gateway of 10.0.1.1 the ADSL is DHCP. NIC1 and the cisco router do not have access to the internet. NIC2 is setup for DHCP with a primary DNS and secondary DNS configured to enable internet connectivity. With NIC1 all incoming TCP connections are from IP address's starting with 10.192.x.x I cannot establish a TCP connection to both 10.0.1.110 and 10.0.1.200. Its either one or the other. I have a static route implemented in windows of: route -p 10.192.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0 10.0.1.1 metric 1 I have tried leaving out the gateway in the NIC1 and many other combinations with no success. Can anyone please help? What am I doing wrong?

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• Cisco ASA 8.2 ACL For NAT

  - by javano

  Sadly I have gone back in time to ASA 8.2(5)33 which I am not so familiar with. I have configured NAT between two interfaces but traffic isn't passing becasue I can't get the ACL to work; (The full config which isn't very big is here but to keep this post tidy I have just pasted the important parts below); interface Ethernet0/0 switchport access vlan 108 ! interface Ethernet0/6 switchport access vlan 104 ! interface Ethernet0/7 switchport access vlan 105 ! interface Vlan104 description BUILDING2 nameif BUILDING2 security-level 0 ip address 10.104.0.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan105 description BUILDING1 nameif BUILDING1 security-level 0 ip address 10.105.0.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan108 description Main LAN VLAN nameif lan security-level 0 ip address 172.22.0.215 255.255.255.0 ! object-group network obj_net_Remote_Hosts network-object host 111.111.111.3 network-object host 111.111.111.65 object-group network obj_host_pc1_eth1 network-object host 10.104.0.111 object-group network obj_host_pc2_eth1 network-object host 10.104.0.112 object-group network obj_host_pc3_eth1 network-object host 10.104.0.106 object-group network obj_host_pc4_eth1 network-object host 10.104.0.107 object-group network obj_net_PCs description IPs of PCs group-object obj_host_pc1_eth1 group-object obj_host_pc2_eth1 group-object obj_host_pc3_eth1 group-object obj_host_pc4_eth1 access-list acl_NAT_pc1_91 extended permit tcp host 10.104.0.111 host 111.111.111.3 eq 8101 access-list acl_Permit_PCs extended permit tcp object-group obj_net_PCs object-group obj_net_Remote_Hosts eq 8101 ! global (BUILDING1) 11 111.111.222.91 netmask 255.255.255.255 nat (BUILDING2) 11 access-list acl_NAT_pc1_91 access-group acl_Permit_PCs in interface BUILDING2 route BUILDING1 111.111.111.3 255.255.255.255 10.105.0.2 1 route BUILDING1 111.111.111.65 255.255.255.255 10.105.0.2 1 When I try and connect from PC1 to ip 111.111.111.3 I see the following error logged on the ASA console; %ASA-2-106001: Inbound TCP connection denied from 10.104.0.111/38495 to 111.111.111.3/8101 flags SYN on interface blades What the duce!

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• Using public interfaces on a server connected through a GRE tunnel

  - by Evan

  I'm pretty new to networking so please forgive any terminology mistakes. I have 2 servers connected with a GRE tunnel. Server1 (10.0.0.1) ---- Server2 (10.0.0.2) I want to be able to bind to the public IPs on Server2 using Server1. To do this, I setup virtual interfaces with Server2's public IPs on Server1 and then used routing rules on Server1 to route the packets through the GRE tunnel. On Server1: ip rule add from [Server2's first public IP] table gre ip rule add from [Server2's second public IP] table gre ip route add default via 10.0.0.2 dev gre1 table gre This works great and I can see the packets arriving via GRE on Server2. I can see the packet exiting the tunnel on Server2's gre1 device as shown: From Server1: ping -I [Server2's public ip] google.com tcpdump from Server2's GRE tunnel device: 12:07:17.029160 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto ICMP (1), length 84) [Server2's public ip] > 74.125.225.38: ICMP echo request, id 6378, seq 50, length 64 This is exactly the packet I want. However, I'm not seeing it go out at all on eth0:0 (where Server2's public IP is bound to). I've tried to use routing rules to get packets coming from Server2's public IP (which would be coming out of dev gre1) to go through dev eth0 on the public default gateway and that doesn't work either. I'm at a loss, thank you to anyone who can help.

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• Assistance on setup to Connect an offsite server to the LAN via RRAS VPN - Server 2008 R2

  - by Paul D'Ambra

  I have an office LAN protected using a Zyxel Zywall USG 300. I've set up an L2TP/ipsec VPN on that which accepts connections using a shared secret and I've tested this from multiple clients. I have a server offsite and want to set up RRAS to use a persistent connection to the VPN so that it can carry out network jobs even with no one logged in (I'm using it for Micorosft DPM secondary backup). If I create a vpn as if I were setting up a users laptop it can dial in no problem but if I set up a demand dial interface in RRAS it errors. I enable RRAS ticking only demand dial interface (branch office routing) Select network interfaces, right click and choose new demand dial interface Name the VPN ToCompany Select connect using VPN And then L2TP as the vpn type enter the IP address (double-checked for typos!) select Route IP packets on this interface specify static route to remote network as 10.0.0.0/24 with metric of 1 add dial out credentials (again double checked for typos and confirmed with other vpn connections click finish now I right-click on the new interface and choose properties and then the security tab I change Data encryption to optional select only PAP for Authentication (both as per manufacturer of Zywall) click advanced settings against type of vpn and set shared secret then I select the new interface, right-click and choose connect this dials and then errors with either 720 or 811 as the error codes. However, if I create a VPN by going to Network & Sharing center and setting up as if I was creating a VPN from my laptop to the office (say) it dials successfully so I know the VPN settings are correct and the machine can connect to the VPN. Suggests very strongly the problem is how I'm setting up RRAS. Can anyone help?

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• Debian/Ubuntu - No network connection

  - by leviathanus

  I have a very weird situation on my Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Server. I can not access (ping) my gateway, although I believe my config is ok - I attach the outputs. Any hints where to look? (I changed the beginning of the IP to something different, just obfuscation) ping 5.9.10.129 PING 5.9.10.129 (5.9.10.129) 56(84) bytes of data. From 5.9.10.129 (5.9.10.129) icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 5.9.10.129 (5.9.10.129) icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable From 5.9.10.129 (5.9.10.129) icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable uname -r 3.2.0-29-generic ifconfig eth0 eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 3c:97:0e:0e:54:d7 inet addr:5.9.10.142 Bcast:5.9.10.159 Mask:255.255.255.224 inet6 addr: fe80::8e70:5aff:feda:c4ac/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1216 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:490 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:107470 (107.4 KB) TX bytes:34344 (34.3 KB) Interrupt:17 Memory:d2500000-d2520000 ip route default via 5.9.10.129 dev eth0 metric 100 5.9.10.128/27 via 5.9.10.129 dev eth0 5.9.10.128/27 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 5.9.10.142 route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 5.9.10.129 0.0.0.0 UG 1000 0 0 eth0 5.9.10.128 5.9.10.129 255.255.255.224 UG 0 0 0 eth0 5.9.10.128 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.224 U 0 0 0 eth0 iptables -L Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination UPD: Eric, this is how routing information looks on a working server: 0.0.0.0 78.47.198.49 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0 78.47.198.48 78.47.198.49 255.255.255.240 UG 0 0 0 eth0 78.47.198.48 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.240 U 0 0 0 eth0 As I understand it, Hetzner tries to ensure security by this, so I can not take over an IP by changing my MAC. But this is another server, which has another netmask (255.255.255.240) UPD2: BatchyX, on the working server: 78.47.198.49 dev eth0 src 78.47.198.60 cache on the broken: 5.9.10.129 dev eth0 src 5.9.10.142 cache

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• IPv6 Routing / Subnetting

  - by nappo

  Recently I have installed Citrix Xen Server 6.2 on a machine. My Provider (Hetzner) gave me the IPv6 Subnet 2a01:4f8:200:xxxx::/64. Followed an article in the providers wiki (1) i got it working and can assign IPs to my guests (CentOS). However i can't assign a second IP to a single guest - it will result in a timeout. I'm not very familiar with IPv6 routing / subnetting - any help or tips for further troubleshooting is welcome! My Setup: XenServer 6.2 IPv6: 2a01:4f8:200:xxxx::2/112 ip -6 route: 2a01:4f8:200:xxxx::/112 dev xenbr0 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 0 fe80::1 dev xenbr0 metric 1024 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 0 default via fe80::1 dev xenbr0 metric 1024 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 0 Guest 1 IPv6: 2a01:4f8:200:xxxx::3/64 IPv6: 2a01:4f8:200:xxxx::4/64 ip -6 route: 2a01:4f8:200:xxxx::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 fe80::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 default via fe80::1 dev eth0 metric 1 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 Guest 2 IPv6: 2a01:4f8:200:xxxx::5/64 Guest 1 IPv6 is working fine, Guest 2 too. As suggested by the wiki article (1) i split my /64 network into a /112. Is it right to set the host /112 and the guests /64? Why is that?

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• Exim4 Smart Host Relay

  - by ColinM

  I am running Exim 4.71. I want to: Route all email from A.com through mail.A.com Route all email from [B-E].com through mail.B.com Send all other email directly. Here is the configuration I have that doesn't work like I hoped: domainlist a_domains = a.com domainlist b_domains = b.com : c.com : d.com : e.com begin routers smart_route_a: driver = manualroute domains = +a_domains transport = remote_smtp route_list = +a_domains mail.a.com no_more smart_route_b: driver = manualroute domains = +b_domains transport = remote_smtp route_list = +b_domains mail.mollenhour.com no_more dnslookup: driver = dnslookup domains = ! +local_domains transport = remote_smtp ignore_target_hosts = 0.0.0.0 : 127.0.0.0/8 no_more When I send an email e.g. with PHP's mail() or Zend_Mail_Transport_Smtp setting both From: and Return-Path: as [email protected], the smart_route_a router is not used, the dnslookup is used instead. Disabling dnslookup results in no mail being sent. From the logs it appears that email sent to [email protected] uses smart_route_a, but the same email sent from [email protected] to [email protected] is sent using dnslookup. How do I make email from [email protected] be relayed via mail.a.com?

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