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• How specific do I get in BDD scenarios?

  - by CodeSpelunker

  Take two different ways of stating the same behavior. Option A: Given a customer has 50 items in their shopping cart When they check out Then they will receive a 10% discount on their order Option B: Given a customer has a high volume of items in their shopping cart When they check out Then they will receive a high volume discount on their order The former is far more specific. If someone has some question about exactly when a customer gets a high volume discount or how much to give them, reading this scenario makes it very clear. Serving the purposes of documenting the behavior, it's about as specific as it can be, although any change in those values will require changing the scenario. The second is more generalized and doesn't have the clarity of the first. Automating it would require incorporating the values "50" and "10" in the step implementations. On the other hand, the scenario captures the core business need: a high volume customer gets a discount. If we later decide to use "40" and "15", the scenario doesn't have to change because the core business need hasn't really changed (though the step implementation would). Also, the term "high volume customer" communicates something about why we're giving them the discount. So, which is better? Rather, under what circumstances should I favor the former or the latter?

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• Entity Framework version 1- Brief Synopsis and Tips &ndash; Part 1

  - by Rohit Gupta

  To Do Eager loading use Projections (for e.g. from c in context.Contacts select c, c.Addresses)  or use Include Query Builder Methods (Include(“Addresses”)) If there is multi-level hierarchical Data then to eager load all the relationships use Include Query Builder methods like customers.Include("Order.OrderDetail") to include Order and OrderDetail collections or use customers.Include("Order.OrderDetail.Location") to include all Order, OrderDetail and location collections with a single include statement =========================================================================== If the query uses Joins then Include() Query Builder method will be ignored, use Nested Queries instead If the query does projections then Include() Query Builder method will be ignored Use Address.ContactReference.Load() OR Contact.Addresses.Load() if you need to Deferred Load Specific Entity – This will result in extra round trips to the database ObjectQuery<> cannot return anonymous types... it will return a ObjectQuery<DBDataRecord> Only Include method can be added to Linq Query Methods Any Linq Query method can be added to Query Builder methods. If you need to append a Query Builder Method (other than Include) after a LINQ method  then cast the IQueryable<Contact> to ObjectQuery<Contact> and then append the Query Builder method to it =========================================================================== Query Builder methods are Select, Where, Include Methods which use Entity SQL as parameters e.g. "it.StartDate, it.EndDate" When Query Builder methods do projection then they return ObjectQuery<DBDataRecord>, thus to iterate over this collection use contact.Item[“Name”].ToString() When Linq To Entities methods do projection, they return collection of anonymous types --- thus the collection is strongly typed and supports Intellisense EF Object Context can track changes only on Entities, not on Anonymous types. If you use a Defining Query for a EntitySet then the EntitySet becomes readonly since a Defining Query is the same as a View (which is treated as a ReadOnly by default). However if you want to use this EntitySet for insert/update/deletes then we need to map stored procs (as created in the DB) to the insert/update/delete functions of the Entity in the Designer You can use either Execute method or ToList() method to bind data to datasources/bindingsources If you use the Execute Method then remember that you can traverse through the ObjectResult<> collection (returned by Execute) only ONCE. In WPF use ObservableCollection to bind to data sources , for keeping track of changes and letting EF send updates to the DB automatically. Use Extension Methods to add logic to Entities. For e.g. create extension methods for the EntityObject class. Create a method in ObjectContext Partial class and pass the entity as a parameter, then call this method as desired from within each entity. ================================================================ DefiningQueries and Stored Procedures: For Custom Entities, one can use DefiningQuery or Stored Procedures. Thus the Custom Entity Collection will be populated using the DefiningQuery (of the EntitySet) or the Sproc. If you use Sproc to populate the EntityCollection then the query execution is immediate and this execution happens on the Server side and any filters applied will be applied in the Client App. If we use a DefiningQuery then these queries are composable, meaning the filters (if applied to the entityset) will all be sent together as a single query to the DB, returning only filtered results. If the sproc returns results that cannot be mapped to existing entity, then we first create the Entity/EntitySet in the CSDL using Designer, then create a dummy Entity/EntitySet using XML in the SSDL. When creating a EntitySet in the SSDL for this dummy entity, use a TSQL that does not return any results, but does return the relevant columns e.g. select ContactID, FirstName, LastName from dbo.Contact where 1=2 Also insure that the Entity created in the SSDL uses the SQL DataTypes and not .NET DataTypes. If you are unable to open the EDMX file in the designer then note the Errors ... they will give precise info on what is wrong. The Thrid option is to simply create a Native Query in the SSDL using <Function Name="PaymentsforContact" IsComposable="false">   <CommandText>SELECT ActivityId, Activity AS ActivityName, ImagePath, Category FROM dbo.Activities </CommandText></FuncTion> Then map this Function to a existing Entity. This is a quick way to get a custom Entity which is regular Entity with renamed columns or additional columns (which are computed columns). The disadvantage to using this is that It will return all the rows from the Defining query and any filter (if defined) will be applied only at the Client side (after getting all the rows from DB). If you you DefiningQuery instead then we can use that as a Composable Query. The Fourth option (for mapping a READ stored proc results to a non-existent Entity) is to create a View in the Database which returns all the fields that the sproc also returns, then update the Model so that the model contains this View as a Entity. Then map the Read Sproc to this View Entity. The other option would be to simply create the View and remove the sproc altogether. ================================================================ To Execute a SProc that does not return a entity, use a EntityCommand to execute that proc. You cannot call a sproc FunctionImport that does not return Entities From Code, the only way is to use SSDL function calls using EntityCommand.  This changes with EntityFramework Version 4 where you can return Scalar Types, Complex Types, Entities or NonQuery ================================================================ UDF when created as a Function in SSDL, we need to set the Name & IsComposable properties for the Function element. IsComposable is always false for Sprocs, for UDF's set this to true. You cannot call UDF "Function" from within code since you cannot import a UDF Function into the CSDL Model (with Version 1 of EF). only stored procedures can be imported and then mapped to a entity ================================================================ Entity Framework requires properties that are involved in association mappings to be mapped in all of the function mappings for the entity (Insert, Update and Delete). Because Payment has an association to Reservation... hence we need to pass both the paymentId and reservationId to the Delete sproc even though just the paymentId is the PK on the Payment Table. ================================================================ When mapping insert, update and delete procs to a Entity, insure that all the three or none are mapped. Further if you have a base class and derived class in the CSDL, then you must map (ins, upd, del) sprocs to all parent and child entities in the inheritance relationship. Note that this limitation that base and derived entity methods must all must be mapped does not apply when you are mapping Read Stored Procedures.... ================================================================ You can write stored procedures SQL directly into the SSDL by creating a Function element in the SSDL and then once created, you can map this Function to a CSDL Entity directly in the designer during Function Import ================================================================ You can do Entity Splitting such that One Entity maps to multiple tables in the DB. For e.g. the Customer Entity currently derives from Contact Entity...in addition it also references the ContactPersonalInfo Entity. One can copy all properties from the ContactPersonalInfo Entity into the Customer Entity and then Delete the CustomerPersonalInfo entity, finall one needs to map the copied properties to the ContactPersonalInfo Table in Table Mapping (by adding another table (ContactPersonalInfo) to the Table Mapping... this is called Entity Splitting. Thus now when you insert a Customer record, it will automatically create SQL to insert records into the Contact, Customers and ContactPersonalInfo tables even though you have a Single Entity called Customer in the CSDL =================================================================== There is Table by Type Inheritance where another EDM Entity can derive from another EDM entity and absorb the inherted entities properties, for example in the Break Away Geek Adventures EDM, the Customer entity derives (inherits) from the Contact Entity and absorbs all the properties of Contact entity. Thus when you create a Customer Entity in Code and then call context.SaveChanges the Object Context will first create the TSQL to insert into the Contact Table followed by a TSQL to insert into the Customer table =================================================================== Then there is the Table per Hierarchy Inheritance..... where different types are created based on a condition (similar applying a condition to filter a Entity to contain filtered records)... the diference being that the filter condition populates a new Entity Type (derived from the base Entity). In the BreakAway sample the example is Lodging Entity which is a Abstract Entity and Then Resort and NonResort Entities which derive from Lodging Entity and records are filtered based on the value of the Resort Boolean field =================================================================== Then there is Table per Concrete Type Hierarchy where we create a concrete Entity for each table in the database. In the BreakAway sample there is a entity for the Reservation table and another Entity for the OldReservation table even though both the table contain the same number of fields. The OldReservation Entity can then inherit from the Reservation Entity and configure the OldReservation Entity to remove all Scalar Properties from the Entity (since it inherits the properties from Reservation and filters based on ReservationDate field) =================================================================== Complex Types (Complex Properties) Entities in EF can also contain Complex Properties (in addition to Scalar Properties) and these Complex Properties reference a ComplexType (not a EntityType) DropdownList, ListBox, RadioButtonList, CheckboxList, Bulletedlist are examples of List server controls (not data bound controls) these controls cannot use Complex properties during databinding, they need Scalar Properties. So if a Entity contains Complex properties and you need to bind those to list server controls then use projections to return Scalar properties and bind them to the control (the disadvantage is that projected collections are not tracked by the Object Context and hence cannot persist changes to the projected collections bound to controls) ObjectDataSource and EntityDataSource do account for Complex properties and one can bind entities with Complex Properties to Data Source controls and they will be tracked for changes... with no additional plumbing needed to persist changes to these collections bound to controls So DataBound controls like GridView, FormView need to use EntityDataSource or ObjectDataSource as a datasource for entities that contain Complex properties so that changes to the datasource done using the GridView can be persisted to the DB (enabling the controls for updates)....if you cannot use the EntityDataSource you need to flatten the ComplexType Properties using projections With EF Version 4 ComplexTypes are supported by the Designer and can add/remove/compose Complex Types directly using the Designer =================================================================== Conditional Mapping ... is like Table per Hierarchy Inheritance where Entities inherit from a base class and then used conditions to populate the EntitySet (called conditional Mapping). Conditional Mapping has limitations since you can only use =, is null and IS NOT NULL Conditions to do conditional mapping. If you need more operators for filtering/mapping conditionally then use QueryView(or possibly Defining Query) to create a readonly entity. QueryView are readonly by default... the EntitySet created by the QueryView is enabled for change tracking by the ObjectContext, however the ObjectContext cannot create insert/update/delete TSQL statements for these Entities when SaveChanges is called since it is QueryView. One way to get around this limitation is to map stored procedures for the insert/update/delete operations in the Designer. =================================================================== Difference between QueryView and Defining Query : QueryView is defined in the (MSL) Mapping File/section of the EDM XML, whereas the DefiningQuery is defined in the store schema (SSDL). QueryView is written using Entity SQL and is this database agnostic and can be used against any database/Data Layer. DefiningQuery is written using Database Lanaguage i.e. TSQL or PSQL thus you have more control =================================================================== Performance: Lazy loading is deferred loading done automatically. lazy loading is supported with EF version4 and is on by default. If you need to turn it off then use context.ContextOptions.lazyLoadingEnabled = false To improve Performance consider PreCompiling the ObjectQuery using the CompiledQuery.Compile method

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• Vertex buffer acting strange? [on hold]

  - by Ryan Capote

  I'm having a strange problem, and I don't know what could be causing it. My current code is identical to how I've done this before. I'm trying to render a rectangle using VBO and orthographic projection.   My results:     What I expect: 3x3 rectangle in the top left corner   #include <stdio.h> #include <GL\glew.h> #include <GLFW\glfw3.h> #include "lodepng.h"   static const int FALSE = 0; static const int TRUE = 1;   static const char* VERT_SHADER =     "#version 330\n"       "layout(location=0) in vec4 VertexPosition; "     "layout(location=1) in vec2 UV;"     "uniform mat4 uProjectionMatrix;"     /*"out vec2 TexCoords;"*/       "void main(void) {"     "    gl_Position = uProjectionMatrix*VertexPosition;"     /*"    TexCoords = UV;"*/     "}";   static const char* FRAG_SHADER =     "#version 330\n"       /*"uniform sampler2D uDiffuseTexture;"     "uniform vec4 uColor;"     "in vec2 TexCoords;"*/     "out vec4 FragColor;"       "void main(void) {"    /* "    vec4 texel = texture2D(uDiffuseTexture, TexCoords);"     "    if(texel.a <= 0) {"     "         discard;"     "    }"     "    FragColor = texel;"*/     "    FragColor = vec4(1.f);"     "}";   static int g_running; static GLFWwindow *gl_window; static float gl_projectionMatrix[16];   /*     Structures */ typedef struct _Vertex {     float x, y, z, w;     float u, v; } Vertex;   typedef struct _Position {     float x, y; } Position;   typedef struct _Bitmap {     unsigned char *pixels;     unsigned int width, height; } Bitmap;   typedef struct _Texture {     GLuint id;     unsigned int width, height; } Texture;   typedef struct _VertexBuffer {     GLuint bufferObj, vertexArray; } VertexBuffer;   typedef struct _ShaderProgram {     GLuint vertexShader, fragmentShader, program; } ShaderProgram;   /*   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthographic_projection */ void createOrthoProjection(float *projection, float width, float height, float far, float near)  {       const float left = 0;     const float right = width;     const float top = 0;     const float bottom = height;          projection[0] = 2.f / (right - left);     projection[1] = 0.f;     projection[2] = 0.f;     projection[3] = -(right+left) / (right-left);     projection[4] = 0.f;     projection[5] = 2.f / (top - bottom);     projection[6] = 0.f;     projection[7] = -(top + bottom) / (top - bottom);     projection[8] = 0.f;     projection[9] = 0.f;     projection[10] = -2.f / (far-near);     projection[11] = (far+near)/(far-near);     projection[12] = 0.f;     projection[13] = 0.f;     projection[14] = 0.f;     projection[15] = 1.f; }   /*     Textures */ void loadBitmap(const char *filename, Bitmap *bitmap, int *success) {     int error = lodepng_decode32_file(&bitmap->pixels, &bitmap->width, &bitmap->height, filename);       if (error != 0) {         printf("Failed to load bitmap. ");         printf(lodepng_error_text(error));         success = FALSE;         return;     } }   void destroyBitmap(Bitmap *bitmap) {     free(bitmap->pixels); }   void createTexture(Texture *texture, const Bitmap *bitmap) {     texture->id = 0;     glGenTextures(1, &texture->id);     glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);       glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);     glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);     glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);     glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);       glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, bitmap->width, bitmap->height, 0,              GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, bitmap->pixels);       glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0); }   void destroyTexture(Texture *texture) {     glDeleteTextures(1, &texture->id);     texture->id = 0; }   /*     Vertex Buffer */ void createVertexBuffer(VertexBuffer *vertexBuffer, Vertex *vertices) {     glGenBuffers(1, &vertexBuffer->bufferObj);     glGenVertexArrays(1, &vertexBuffer->vertexArray);     glBindVertexArray(vertexBuffer->vertexArray);       glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBuffer->bufferObj);     glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(Vertex) * 6, (const GLvoid*)vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);       const unsigned int uvOffset = sizeof(float) * 4;       glVertexAttribPointer(0, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), 0);     glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (GLvoid*)uvOffset);       glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);     glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);       glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);     glBindVertexArray(0); }   void destroyVertexBuffer(VertexBuffer *vertexBuffer) {     glDeleteBuffers(1, &vertexBuffer->bufferObj);     glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &vertexBuffer->vertexArray); }   void bindVertexBuffer(VertexBuffer *vertexBuffer) {     glBindVertexArray(vertexBuffer->vertexArray);     glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBuffer->bufferObj); }   void drawVertexBufferMode(GLenum mode) {     glDrawArrays(mode, 0, 6); }   void drawVertexBuffer() {     drawVertexBufferMode(GL_TRIANGLES); }   void unbindVertexBuffer() {     glBindVertexArray(0);     glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); }   /*     Shaders */ void compileShader(ShaderProgram *shaderProgram, const char *vertexSrc, const char *fragSrc) {     GLenum err;     shaderProgram->vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);     shaderProgram->fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);       if (shaderProgram->vertexShader == 0) {         printf("Failed to create vertex shader.");         return;     }       if (shaderProgram->fragmentShader == 0) {         printf("Failed to create fragment shader.");         return;     }       glShaderSource(shaderProgram->vertexShader, 1, &vertexSrc, NULL);     glCompileShader(shaderProgram->vertexShader);     glGetShaderiv(shaderProgram->vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &err);       if (err != GL_TRUE) {         printf("Failed to compile vertex shader.");         return;     }       glShaderSource(shaderProgram->fragmentShader, 1, &fragSrc, NULL);     glCompileShader(shaderProgram->fragmentShader);     glGetShaderiv(shaderProgram->fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &err);       if (err != GL_TRUE) {         printf("Failed to compile fragment shader.");         return;     }       shaderProgram->program = glCreateProgram();     glAttachShader(shaderProgram->program, shaderProgram->vertexShader);     glAttachShader(shaderProgram->program, shaderProgram->fragmentShader);     glLinkProgram(shaderProgram->program);          glGetProgramiv(shaderProgram->program, GL_LINK_STATUS, &err);       if (err != GL_TRUE) {         printf("Failed to link shader.");         return;     } }   void destroyShader(ShaderProgram *shaderProgram) {     glDetachShader(shaderProgram->program, shaderProgram->vertexShader);     glDetachShader(shaderProgram->program, shaderProgram->fragmentShader);       glDeleteShader(shaderProgram->vertexShader);     glDeleteShader(shaderProgram->fragmentShader);       glDeleteProgram(shaderProgram->program); }   GLuint getUniformLocation(const char *name, ShaderProgram *program) {     GLuint result = 0;     result = glGetUniformLocation(program->program, name);       return result; }   void setUniformMatrix(float *matrix, const char *name, ShaderProgram *program) {     GLuint loc = getUniformLocation(name, program);       if (loc == -1) {         printf("Failed to get uniform location in setUniformMatrix.\n");         return;     }       glUniformMatrix4fv(loc, 1, GL_FALSE, matrix); }   /*     General functions */ static int isRunning() {     return g_running && !glfwWindowShouldClose(gl_window); }   static void initializeGLFW(GLFWwindow **window, int width, int height, int *success) {     if (!glfwInit()) {         printf("Failed it inialize GLFW.");         *success = FALSE;        return;     }          glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, 0);     *window = glfwCreateWindow(width, height, "Alignments", NULL, NULL);          if (!*window) {         printf("Failed to create window.");         glfwTerminate();         *success = FALSE;         return;     }          glfwMakeContextCurrent(*window);       GLenum glewErr = glewInit();     if (glewErr != GLEW_OK) {         printf("Failed to initialize GLEW.");         printf(glewGetErrorString(glewErr));         *success = FALSE;         return;     }       glClearColor(0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f);     glViewport(0, 0, width, height);     *success = TRUE; }   int main(int argc, char **argv) {          int err = FALSE;     initializeGLFW(&gl_window, 480, 320, &err);     glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);     if (err == FALSE) {         return 1;     }          createOrthoProjection(gl_projectionMatrix, 480.f, 320.f, 0.f, 1.f);          g_running = TRUE;          ShaderProgram shader;     compileShader(&shader, VERT_SHADER, FRAG_SHADER);     glUseProgram(shader.program);     setUniformMatrix(&gl_projectionMatrix, "uProjectionMatrix", &shader);       Vertex rectangle[6];     VertexBuffer vbo;     rectangle[0] = (Vertex){0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 0.f}; // Top left     rectangle[1] = (Vertex){3.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 1.f, 0.f}; // Top right     rectangle[2] = (Vertex){0.f, 3.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f}; // Bottom left     rectangle[3] = (Vertex){3.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 1.f, 0.f}; // Top left     rectangle[4] = (Vertex){0.f, 3.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f}; // Bottom left     rectangle[5] = (Vertex){3.f, 3.f, 0.f, 1.f, 1.f, 1.f}; // Bottom right       createVertexBuffer(&vbo, &rectangle);            bindVertexBuffer(&vbo);          while (isRunning()) {         glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);         glfwPollEvents();                    drawVertexBuffer();                    glfwSwapBuffers(gl_window);     }          unbindVertexBuffer(&vbo);       glUseProgram(0);     destroyShader(&shader);     destroyVertexBuffer(&vbo);     glfwTerminate();     return 0; }

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• My sound stopped working today, how can I fix it?

  - by Oli

  This seems to be a problem with pulseaudio. I was logged in over VNC on my phone and started playing a video this caused X to crash (as sometimes happens). I restarted and suddenly the sound doesn't work. I have a Intel HDA/Realtek ALC889 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 82801JI (ICH10 Family) HD Audio Controller alsamixer is detecting this just fine. PulseAudio doesn't detect this alsa device so is using auto_null as the default sink (logs below). When I properly kill PulseAudio (tell it not to auto-start) direct ALSA communication with the sound card works just fine. speaker-test, for example, works. So the hardware and ALSA layers are fine IMO. In the logs, it seems that the card might be "busy" but I really don't know how or why it would be now (and never before). Is there an ALSA lock file somewhere that it still there because of my crash? I just ran sudo fuser /dev/snd/* and saw this: oli@bert:~$ sudo fuser /dev/snd/* /dev/snd/controlC0: 1884 /dev/snd/pcmC0D0c: 1884m /dev/snd/timer: 1884 A look at the process list (ps aux | grep 1884) tells me process 1884 is arecord -c 1 -f S16_LE -r 8000 -t raw. No idea what this is or why it's running. When I try and kill arecord (as root), it just respawns and rebinds on the hardware. I'm in a very annoying situation where I don't know what is going on and don't know how to find out. I'm open to all suggestions to get this working again. Fire away. And here's what I get when I stop PA auto-loading, kill it and then start it with -vvvv. oli@bert:~$ pulseaudio -vvvvv I: main.c: setrlimit(RLIMIT_NICE, (31, 31)) failed: Operation not permitted I: main.c: setrlimit(RLIMIT_RTPRIO, (9, 9)) failed: Operation not permitted D: core-rtclock.c: Timer slack is set to 50 us. D: core-util.c: RealtimeKit worked. I: core-util.c: Successfully gained nice level -11. I: main.c: This is PulseAudio 0.9.21-63-gd3efa-dirty D: main.c: Compilation host: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu D: main.c: Compilation CFLAGS: -g -O2 -g -Wall -O3 -Wall -W -Wextra -pipe -Wno-long-long -Winline -Wvla -Wno-overlength-strings -Wunsafe-loop-optimizations -Wundef -Wformat=2 -Wlogical-op -Wsign-compare -Wformat-security -Wmissing-include-dirs -Wformat-nonliteral -Wold-style-definition -Wpointer-arith -Winit-self -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wfloat-equal -Wmissing-prototypes -Wstrict-prototypes -Wredundant-decls -Wmissing-declarations -Wmissing-noreturn -Wshadow -Wendif-labels -Wcast-align -Wstrict-aliasing=2 -Wwrite-strings -Wno-unused-parameter -ffast-math -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fno-common -fdiagnostics-show-option D: main.c: Running on host: Linux x86_64 2.6.38-rc3 #1 SMP Tue Feb 1 10:53:04 GMT 2011 D: main.c: Found 8 CPUs. I: main.c: Page size is 4096 bytes D: main.c: Compiled with Valgrind support: no D: main.c: Running in valgrind mode: no D: main.c: Running in VM: no D: main.c: Optimised build: yes D: main.c: All asserts enabled. I: main.c: Machine ID is 8310740c4729ef474fe5ecec4bbf5a6b. I: main.c: Session ID is 8310740c4729ef474fe5ecec4bbf5a6b-1297338553.571075-1050119523. I: main.c: Using runtime directory /home/oli/.pulse/8310740c4729ef474fe5ecec4bbf5a6b-runtime. I: main.c: Using state directory /home/oli/.pulse. I: main.c: Using modules directory /usr/lib/pulse-0.9.21/modules. I: main.c: Running in system mode: no I: main.c: Fresh high-resolution timers available! Enjoy ol' chap! I: cpu-x86.c: CPU flags: CMOV MMX SSE SSE2 SSE3 SSSE3 SSE4_1 SSE4_2 I: svolume_mmx.c: Initialising MMX optimized functions. I: remap_mmx.c: Initialising MMX optimized remappers. I: svolume_sse.c: Initialising SSE2 optimized functions. I: remap_sse.c: Initialising SSE2 optimized remappers. I: sconv_sse.c: Initialising SSE2 optimized conversions. D: memblock.c: Using shared memory pool with 1024 slots of size 64.0 KiB each, total size is 64.0 MiB, maximum usable slot size is 65472 D: database-tdb.c: Opened TDB database '/home/oli/.pulse/8310740c4729ef474fe5ecec4bbf5a6b-device-volumes.tdb' I: module-device-restore.c: Sucessfully opened database file '/home/oli/.pulse/8310740c4729ef474fe5ecec4bbf5a6b-device-volumes'. I: module.c: Loaded "module-device-restore" (index: #0; argument: ""). D: database-tdb.c: Opened TDB database '/home/oli/.pulse/8310740c4729ef474fe5ecec4bbf5a6b-stream-volumes.tdb' I: module-stream-restore.c: Sucessfully opened database file '/home/oli/.pulse/8310740c4729ef474fe5ecec4bbf5a6b-stream-volumes'. I: module.c: Loaded "module-stream-restore" (index: #1; argument: ""). D: database-tdb.c: Opened TDB database '/home/oli/.pulse/8310740c4729ef474fe5ecec4bbf5a6b-card-database.tdb' I: module-card-restore.c: Sucessfully opened database file '/home/oli/.pulse/8310740c4729ef474fe5ecec4bbf5a6b-card-database'. I: module.c: Loaded "module-card-restore" (index: #2; argument: ""). I: module.c: Loaded "module-augment-properties" (index: #3; argument: ""). D: cli-command.c: Checking for existance of '/usr/lib/pulse-0.9.21/modules/module-udev-detect.so': success D: module-udev-detect.c: /dev/snd/controlC0 is accessible: yes D: module-udev-detect.c: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0 is busy: yes I: module-udev-detect.c: Found 1 cards. I: module.c: Loaded "module-udev-detect" (index: #4; argument: ""). D: cli-command.c: Checking for existance of '/usr/lib/pulse-0.9.21/modules/module-bluetooth-discover.so': success D: dbus-util.c: Successfully connected to D-Bus system bus ba7c9a1f90b3d49d930bca2100000015 as :1.62 D: bluetooth-util.c: dbus: interface=org.freedesktop.DBus, path=/org/freedesktop/DBus, member=NameAcquired D: bluetooth-util.c: Bluetooth daemon is apparently not available. I: module.c: Loaded "module-bluetooth-discover" (index: #5; argument: ""). D: cli-command.c: Checking for existance of '/usr/lib/pulse-0.9.21/modules/module-esound-protocol-unix.so': success I: module.c: Loaded "module-esound-protocol-unix" (index: #6; argument: ""). I: module.c: Loaded "module-native-protocol-unix" (index: #7; argument: ""). D: cli-command.c: Checking for existance of '/usr/lib/pulse-0.9.21/modules/module-gconf.so': success I: module.c: Loaded "module-gconf" (index: #8; argument: ""). I: module-default-device-restore.c: Saved default sink 'auto_null' not existant, not restoring default sink setting. I: module-default-device-restore.c: Saved default source 'auto_null.monitor' not existant, not restoring default source setting. I: module.c: Loaded "module-default-device-restore" (index: #9; argument: ""). I: module.c: Loaded "module-rescue-streams" (index: #10; argument: ""). D: module-always-sink.c: Autoloading null-sink as no other sinks detected. I: sink.c: Created sink 0 "auto_null" with sample spec s16le 6ch 44100Hz and channel map front-left,front-left-of-center,front-center,front-right,front-right-of-center,rear-center I: sink.c: device.description = "Dummy Output" I: sink.c: device.class = "abstract" I: sink.c: device.icon_name = "audio-card" D: core-subscribe.c: Dropped redundant event due to change event. I: source.c: Created source 0 "auto_null.monitor" with sample spec s16le 6ch 44100Hz and channel map front-left,front-left-of-center,front-center,front-right,front-right-of-center,rear-center I: source.c: device.description = "Monitor of Dummy Output" I: source.c: device.class = "monitor" I: source.c: device.icon_name = "audio-input-microphone" D: module-null-sink.c: Thread starting up I: module.c: Loaded "module-null-sink" (index: #11; argument: "sink_name=auto_null sink_properties='device.description="Dummy Output"'"). I: module.c: Loaded "module-always-sink" (index: #12; argument: ""). I: module.c: Loaded "module-intended-roles" (index: #13; argument: ""). D: module-suspend-on-idle.c: Sink auto_null becomes idle, timeout in 5 seconds. I: module.c: Loaded "module-suspend-on-idle" (index: #14; argument: ""). I: client.c: Created 0 "ConsoleKit Session /org/freedesktop/ConsoleKit/Session1" D: module-console-kit.c: Added new session /org/freedesktop/ConsoleKit/Session1 I: module.c: Loaded "module-console-kit" (index: #15; argument: ""). I: module.c: Loaded "module-position-event-sounds" (index: #16; argument: ""). D: dbus-util.c: Successfully connected to D-Bus session bus efbffc6788fad56cfd64d40c00000018 as :1.182 D: main.c: Got org.pulseaudio.Server! I: main.c: Daemon startup complete. I: client.c: Created 1 "Native client (UNIX socket client)" I: client.c: Created 2 "Native client (UNIX socket client)" D: protocol-native.c: Protocol version: remote 16, local 16 I: protocol-native.c: Got credentials: uid=1000 gid=1000 success=1 D: protocol-native.c: SHM possible: yes D: protocol-native.c: Negotiated SHM: yes D: protocol-native.c: Protocol version: remote 16, local 16 I: protocol-native.c: Got credentials: uid=1000 gid=1000 success=1 D: protocol-native.c: SHM possible: yes D: protocol-native.c: Negotiated SHM: yes D: module-augment-properties.c: Looking for .desktop file for gnome-volume-control-applet D: module-augment-properties.c: Looking for .desktop file for gnome-settings-daemon D: core-subscribe.c: Dropped redundant event due to change event. I: module-suspend-on-idle.c: Sink auto_null idle for too long, suspending ... D: sink.c: Suspend cause of sink auto_null is 0x0004, suspending Note the one section that seems to find the hardware but says it's busy (no idea if this is relevant). D: cli-command.c: Checking for existance of '/usr/lib/pulse-0.9.21/modules/module-udev-detect.so': success D: module-udev-detect.c: /dev/snd/controlC0 is accessible: yes D: module-udev-detect.c: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0 is busy: yes I: module-udev-detect.c: Found 1 cards.

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• SUSE 12.1 Apache startup after oci8 installation

  - by DKSan

  I have got a virtual server running opensuse 11.4 with apache, php, oracle instantclient, and oci installed through pecl. The steps it took for me to have it up and running on 11.4 were: # Install instantclient rpm -Uvh oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.2.0.x86_64.rpm rpm -Uvh oracle-instantclient11.2-devel-11.2.0.2.0.x86_64.rpm # Install OCI8 through pecl pecl install oci8 # add oci8 to modules vi /etc/php5/conf.d/oci8.ini extension=oci8.so # add LD_LIBRARY_PATH to apache vi /etc/sysconfig/apache2 # add to bottom of script export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib" # restart Apache /etc/init.d/apache2 restart Celebrating the same procedure on a fresh installation of OpenSUSE 12.1 results in apache throwing the following message at startup: PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library '/usr/lib64/php5/extensions/oci8.so' - libnnz11.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory in Unknown on line 0 I can't get any explanation, why it is working for 11.4 and in 12.1 it stops working. Can someone please point me in the right direction..

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• GConf error and gnome does not load properly in RHEL 5.3

  - by Tim

  Hello, I am using Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.3 . I created a user oracle on the system, using the following command useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper -d /home/oracle oracle Now, when i try to login as the user oracle, GNOME does not load properly and i get popup box error message like the following GConf error:Failed to contact configuration server;some possible causes are that you need to enable TCP/IP for ORBit,or your have NFS locks due to a system crash.(Details-/:IOR file'/tmp/gcofd-cheetahman/tock/ior' not opened successfully,no gconfd located:Permission denied 2: IOR file /tmp/gconfd-cheetahman/lock/ior not opened succesfully no gconfd located: Permission denied) Any way to fix this ? Thank You

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• what is uninstall procedure for software installed via "make install" on CentOS 6.2

  - by gkdsp

  I installed OCILIB on my CentOS 6.2 server some time ago, and now I want to install a newer version. The vendor requires an uninstall, but doesn't provide instructions. I'm guessing that's because it's trivial for people with a Linux background. http://orclib.sourceforge.net/doc/html/group_g_install.html If I installed this software using: step 1: # ./configure --with-oracle-headers-path=/usr/include/oracle/11.2/client64 --with-oracle-lib-path=/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib step 2: # make step 3: # su root step 4: # make install step 5: # gcc -g -DOCI_IMPORT_LINKAGE -DOCI_CHARSET_ANSI -L/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib -lclntsh -L/usr/local/lib -locilib conn.c -o conn How would I go about uninstalling this? I tried following this http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/delete-uninstall-software-linux-commands/ but nothing was found on my disk using rpm -qa *oci* or yum list *oci*. Maybe since it wasn't installed with yum or rpm then I shouldn't expect either of these to find it. Are there generic instructions for uninstalling software on Linux that I could use, or do the instructions really depend on the specific software? Any help much appreciated.

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• Virtual Machine with Bridged Adapter to Centos not accepting ssh from host machine [migrated]

  - by javadba

  I have a bridged connection on VirtualBox from os/x 10.8.5 host to Centos 5.8 client. But I suspect this is more of a general issue than specific to the host and precise version of linux. Shown below are the networking info from the VirtualBox and from within the guest sshd is running on port 22: [root@oracle-linux ~]# ps -ef | grep sshd | grep -v grep root 3103 1 0 20:22 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd root 14994 3103 0 21:23 ? 00:00:00 sshd: root@pts/1 Port 22 listening: [root@oracle-linux ~]# netstat -an | grep 22 | grep tcp | grep LIST tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2207 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2208 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN Here are ip addresses, still on the guest os: [root@oracle-linux ~]# ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:b9:e5:79 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.15.100/24 brd 10.0.15.255 scope global eth0 inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:feb9:e579/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:b4:86:8a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.3.15/24 brd 10.0.3.255 scope global eth1 inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:feb4:868a/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@oracle-linux ~]# I can ssh to the guest from the guest: root@oracle-linux ~]# ssh 10.0.3.15 The authenticity of host '10.0.3.15 (10.0.3.15)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is ef:08:19:72:95:4d:e5:28:af:f3:6f:54:07:84:ba:04. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '10.0.3.15' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. [email protected]'s password: Last login: Mon Oct 21 21:24:12 2013 from 10.0.15.100 But can NOT ssh from the host to the guest: 18:27:04/shared:11 $ssh [email protected] ssh: connect to host 10.0.15.100 port 22: Operation timed out lost connection Here is bridged connection infO; BTW I looked into other answers, and one of them mentioned doing service iptables stop That did not help. Adapter 2 is a NAT, shown below In case NAT is causing any issues, i shut it down and restarted networking. [root@oracle-linux ~]# /etc/init.d/network restart Shutting down interface eth0: [ OK ] Shutting down interface eth1: Still No joy.. 18:27:04/shared:11 $ssh [email protected] ssh: connect to host 10.0.15.100 port 22: Operation timed out lost connection

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• Solaris Administration Web GUI?

  - by Robert C

  I recently installed Solaris 11 x86 text install (http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/solaris11/downloads/index.html?ssSourceSiteId=ocomen) to be used as a file server running ZFS. I noticed that I'm given the bare minimum in terms of packages. Is there an official oracle web GUI for managing ZFS? I ran a netstat and it doesn't appear to have installed any webserver thats listening. I saw something from a couple years ago, but apparently it's not packaged or maintained anymore (https://blogs.oracle.com/talley/entry/manage_zfs_from_your_browser). I tried pkg install network-console, but it says that the package isn't available for my platform. Any ideas? I'd like to stick with Oracle Solaris instead of the open source alternatives, if possible.

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• Virtual Machine with Bridged Adapter to Centos not accepting ssh from host machine

  - by javadba

  I have a bridged connection on VirtualBox from os/x 10.8.5 host to Centos 5.8 client. But I suspect this is more of a general issue than specific to the host and precise version of linux. Shown below are the networking info from the VirtualBox and from within the guest sshd is running on port 22: [root@oracle-linux ~]# ps -ef | grep sshd | grep -v grep root 3103 1 0 20:22 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd root 14994 3103 0 21:23 ? 00:00:00 sshd: root@pts/1 Port 22 listening: [root@oracle-linux ~]# netstat -an | grep 22 | grep tcp | grep LIST tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2207 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2208 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN Here are ip addresses, still on the guest os: [root@oracle-linux ~]# ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:b9:e5:79 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.15.100/24 brd 10.0.15.255 scope global eth0 inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:feb9:e579/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:b4:86:8a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.3.15/24 brd 10.0.3.255 scope global eth1 inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:feb4:868a/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@oracle-linux ~]# I can ssh to the guest from the guest: root@oracle-linux ~]# ssh 10.0.3.15 The authenticity of host '10.0.3.15 (10.0.3.15)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is ef:08:19:72:95:4d:e5:28:af:f3:6f:54:07:84:ba:04. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '10.0.3.15' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. [email protected]'s password: Last login: Mon Oct 21 21:24:12 2013 from 10.0.15.100 But can NOT ssh from the host to the guest: 18:27:04/shared:11 $ssh [email protected] ssh: connect to host 10.0.15.100 port 22: Operation timed out lost connection Here is bridged connection infO; BTW I looked into other answers, and one of them mentioned doing service iptables stop That did not help. Adapter 2 is a NAT, shown below In case NAT is causing any issues, i shut it down and restarted networking. [root@oracle-linux ~]# /etc/init.d/network restart Shutting down interface eth0: [ OK ] Shutting down interface eth1: Still No joy.. 18:27:04/shared:11 $ssh [email protected] ssh: connect to host 10.0.15.100 port 22: Operation timed out lost connection

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• Will a database server perform better running on 2 CPUs with 16 cores or 4 CPUs with 8 cores?

  - by AlexOdin

  What I have: an online financial application (ASP.NET, C#) at peak we have 5K+ simultaneous users backend is running on Oracle 11g (active server + stand-by using Active Data Guard). At peak - 4K-5K database sessions Oracle is installed on Linux 5.8 (Oracle's unbreakable version) the database size: 7TB disk storage: NetApp (connected with 10GB network) I would like to replace old servers (IT will purchase HP blades BL685C). Servers will have 256GB of RAM. I need your help to figure out what to do with CPUs and cores. Options: 2 CPUs (2.3 GHz) with 16 cores each 4 CPUs (3.0 GHz) with 8 cores each Question: Which one should I pick? P.S. Next year, we will migrate from Oracle to SQL server. I hope, whatever option you recommend will work for both platforms

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• LDAP :Failed to find add in mandatory or optional attribute list

  - by Manju Prabhu

  I am trying to import an ldif file which has following content- DN: cn=myUser,cn=Users,dc=us,dc=oracle,dc=com objectclass: top objectclass: person objectclass: organizationalPerson objectclass: inetorgperson objectclass: orcluser objectclass: orcluserV2 cn: myUser givenname: myUser mail: myUser orclsamaccountname: myUser sn: myUser uid: myUser userpassword:: somepassword dn: cn=Administrator,cn=Groups,dc=us,dc=oracle,dc=com objectclass: person changetype: modify add: uniquemember uniquemember: cn=myUser,cn=Users,dc=us,dc=oracle,dc=com When I do this, LDAP throws follwing error javax.naming.directory.SchemaViolationException: [LDAP: error code 65 - Failed to find add in mandatory or optional attribute list.]; remaining name 'cn=Administrator,cn=Groups,dc=us,dc=oracle,dc=com' The user gets imported, but it is not added to the group(Group exists). What am i missing ?

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• Setfacl configuration issue in Linux

  - by Balualways

  I am configuring a Linux Server with ACL[Access Control Lists]. It is not allowing me to perform setfacl operation on one of the directoriy /xfiles. I am able to perform the setfacl on other directories as /tmp /op/applocal/. I am getting the error as : root@asifdl01devv # setfacl -m user:eqtrd:rw-,user:feedmgr:r--,user::---,group::r--,mask:rw-,other:--- /xfiles/change1/testfile setfacl: /xfiles/change1/testfile: Operation not supported I have defined my /etc/fstab as /dev/ROOTVG/rootlv / ext3 defaults 1 1 /dev/ROOTVG/varlv /var ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/ROOTVG/optlv /opt ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/ROOTVG/crashlv /var/crash ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/ROOTVG/tmplv /tmp ext3 defaults 1 2 LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/ROOTVG/swaplv swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/APPVG/home /home ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/APPVG/archives /archives ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/APPVG/test /test ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/APPVG/oracle /opt/oracle ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/APPVG/ifeeds /xfiles ext3 defaults 1 2 I have a solaris server where the vfstab is defined as cat vfstab #device device mount FS fsck mount mount #to mount to fsck point type pass at boot options # fd - /dev/fd fd - no - /proc - /proc proc - no - /dev/vx/dsk/bootdg/swapvol - - swap - no - swap - /tmp tmpfs - yes size=1024m /dev/vx/dsk/bootdg/rootvol /dev/vx/rdsk/bootdg/rootvol / ufs 1 no logging /dev/vx/dsk/bootdg/var /dev/vx/rdsk/bootdg/var /var ufs 1 no logging /dev/vx/dsk/bootdg/home /dev/vx/rdsk/bootdg/home /home ufs 2 yes logging /dev/vx/dsk/APP/test /dev/vx/rdsk/APP/test /test vxfs 3 yes - /dev/vx/dsk/APP/archives /dev/vx/rdsk/APP/archives /archives vxfs 3 yes - /dev/vx/dsk/APP/oracle /dev/vx/rdsk/APP/oracle /opt/oracle vxfs 3 yes - /dev/vx/dsk/APP/xfiles /dev/vx/rdsk/APP/xfiles /xfiles vxfs 3 yes - I am not able to find out the issue. Any help would be appreciated.

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• ODSI + weblogic = JDBC problem

  - by Giuseppe Di Federico

  I'm currently developing a web service using ODSI through Oracle Workshop for WebLogic (ex AquaLogic). I created a datasource on weblogic using the driver "Oracle thin driver 10g", the test succeed on WebLogic. (My Database is Oracle 10 10.2.0.1.0) The problem occours when I try to create the Phisical Data Service in the Oracle Workshop. I choose the following options: Data source type = Relational Data source = [THE CORRECT NAME OF THE SOURCE SET ON WEBLOGIC] Database type = ??? Aqualogic, doesn't allow me to select the database type. I guess is a problem related to the driver set on weblogic... but I ain't sure.Does someone know the nature of my problem ? Tnx

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• added shell script to sudoers still getting permission denied

  - by Bill S

  I don't understand this? Other uses of sudo work fine. [oracle@o plugins]$ su Password: [root@ plugins]# su nrpe bash-3.2$ /home/oracle/obiee/instances/instance1/bifoundation/OracleBIApplication/coreapplication/setup/bi-init.sh bash: /home/oracle/obiee/instances/instance1/bifoundation/OracleBIApplication/coreapplication/setup/bi-init.sh: Permission denied bash-3.2$ sudo -l Matching Defaults entries for nrpe on this host: env_reset, env_keep="COLORS DISPLAY HOSTNAME HISTSIZE INPUTRC KDEDIR LS_COLORS MAIL PS1 PS2 QTDIR USERNAME LANG LC_ADDRESS LC_CTYPE LC_COLLATE LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_MEASUREMENT LC_MESSAGES LC_MONETARY LC_NAME LC_NUMERIC LC_PAPER LC_TELEPHONE LC_TIME LC_ALL LANGUAGE LINGUAS _XKB_CHARSET XAUTHORITY" Runas and Command-specific defaults for nrpe: User nrpe may run the following commands on this host: (ALL) NOPASSWD: /home/oracle/obiee/instances/instance1/bifoundation/OracleBIApplication/coreapplication/setup/bi-init.sh bash-3.2$

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• Toorcon14

  - by danx

  Toorcon 2012 Information Security Conference San Diego, CA, http://www.toorcon.org/ Dan Anderson, October 2012 It's almost Halloween, and we all know what that means—yes, of course, it's time for another Toorcon Conference! Toorcon is an annual conference for people interested in computer security. This includes the whole range of hackers, computer hobbyists, professionals, security consultants, press, law enforcement, prosecutors, FBI, etc. We're at Toorcon 14—see earlier blogs for some of the previous Toorcon's I've attended (back to 2003). This year's "con" was held at the Westin on Broadway in downtown San Diego, California. The following are not necessarily my views—I'm just the messenger—although I could have misquoted or misparaphrased the speakers. Also, I only reviewed some of the talks, below, which I attended and interested me. MalAndroid—the Crux of Android Infections, Aditya K. Sood Programming Weird Machines with ELF Metadata, Rebecca "bx" Shapiro Privacy at the Handset: New FCC Rules?, Valkyrie Hacking Measured Boot and UEFI, Dan Griffin You Can't Buy Security: Building the Open Source InfoSec Program, Boris Sverdlik What Journalists Want: The Investigative Reporters' Perspective on Hacking, Dave Maas & Jason Leopold Accessibility and Security, Anna Shubina Stop Patching, for Stronger PCI Compliance, Adam Brand McAfee Secure & Trustmarks — a Hacker's Best Friend, Jay James & Shane MacDougall MalAndroid—the Crux of Android Infections Aditya K. Sood, IOActive, Michigan State PhD candidate Aditya talked about Android smartphone malware. There's a lot of old Android software out there—over 50% Gingerbread (2.3.x)—and most have unpatched vulnerabilities. Of 9 Android vulnerabilities, 8 have known exploits (such as the old Gingerbread Global Object Table exploit). Android protection includes sandboxing, security scanner, app permissions, and screened Android app market. The Android permission checker has fine-grain resource control, policy enforcement. Android static analysis also includes a static analysis app checker (bouncer), and a vulnerablity checker. What security problems does Android have? User-centric security, which depends on the user to grant permission and make smart decisions. But users don't care or think about malware (the're not aware, not paranoid). All they want is functionality, extensibility, mobility Android had no "proper" encryption before Android 3.0 No built-in protection against social engineering and web tricks Alternative Android app markets are unsafe. Simply visiting some markets can infect Android Aditya classified Android Malware types as: Type A—Apps. These interact with the Android app framework. For example, a fake Netflix app. Or Android Gold Dream (game), which uploads user files stealthy manner to a remote location. Type K—Kernel. Exploits underlying Linux libraries or kernel Type H—Hybrid. These use multiple layers (app framework, libraries, kernel). These are most commonly used by Android botnets, which are popular with Chinese botnet authors What are the threats from Android malware? These incude leak info (contacts), banking fraud, corporate network attacks, malware advertising, malware "Hackivism" (the promotion of social causes. For example, promiting specific leaders of the Tunisian or Iranian revolutions. Android malware is frequently "masquerated". That is, repackaged inside a legit app with malware. To avoid detection, the hidden malware is not unwrapped until runtime. The malware payload can be hidden in, for example, PNG files. Less common are Android bootkits—there's not many around. What they do is hijack the Android init framework—alteering system programs and daemons, then deletes itself. For example, the DKF Bootkit (China). Android App Problems: no code signing! all self-signed native code execution permission sandbox — all or none alternate market places no robust Android malware detection at network level delayed patch process Programming Weird Machines with ELF Metadata Rebecca "bx" Shapiro, Dartmouth College, NH https://github.com/bx/elf-bf-tools @bxsays on twitter Definitions. "ELF" is an executable file format used in linking and loading executables (on UNIX/Linux-class machines). "Weird machine" uses undocumented computation sources (I think of them as unintended virtual machines). Some examples of "weird machines" are those that: return to weird location, does SQL injection, corrupts the heap. Bx then talked about using ELF metadata as (an uintended) "weird machine". Some ELF background: A compiler takes source code and generates a ELF object file (hello.o). A static linker makes an ELF executable from the object file. A runtime linker and loader takes ELF executable and loads and relocates it in memory. The ELF file has symbols to relocate functions and variables. ELF has two relocation tables—one at link time and another one at loading time: .rela.dyn (link time) and .dynsym (dynamic table). GOT: Global Offset Table of addresses for dynamically-linked functions. PLT: Procedure Linkage Tables—works with GOT. The memory layout of a process (not the ELF file) is, in order: program (+ heap), dynamic libraries, libc, ld.so, stack (which includes the dynamic table loaded into memory) For ELF, the "weird machine" is found and exploited in the loader. ELF can be crafted for executing viruses, by tricking runtime into executing interpreted "code" in the ELF symbol table. One can inject parasitic "code" without modifying the actual ELF code portions. Think of the ELF symbol table as an "assembly language" interpreter. It has these elements: instructions: Add, move, jump if not 0 (jnz) Think of symbol table entries as "registers" symbol table value is "contents" immediate values are constants direct values are addresses (e.g., 0xdeadbeef) move instruction: is a relocation table entry add instruction: relocation table "addend" entry jnz instruction: takes multiple relocation table entries The ELF weird machine exploits the loader by relocating relocation table entries. The loader will go on forever until told to stop. It stores state on stack at "end" and uses IFUNC table entries (containing function pointer address). The ELF weird machine, called "Brainfu*k" (BF) has: 8 instructions: pointer inc, dec, inc indirect, dec indirect, jump forward, jump backward, print. Three registers - 3 registers Bx showed example BF source code that implemented a Turing machine printing "hello, world". More interesting was the next demo, where bx modified ping. Ping runs suid as root, but quickly drops privilege. BF modified the loader to disable the library function call dropping privilege, so it remained as root. Then BF modified the ping -t argument to execute the -t filename as root. It's best to show what this modified ping does with an example: $ whoami bx $ ping localhost -t backdoor.sh # executes backdoor $ whoami root $ The modified code increased from 285948 bytes to 290209 bytes. A BF tool compiles "executable" by modifying the symbol table in an existing ELF executable. The tool modifies .dynsym and .rela.dyn table, but not code or data. Privacy at the Handset: New FCC Rules? "Valkyrie" (Christie Dudley, Santa Clara Law JD candidate) Valkyrie talked about mobile handset privacy. Some background: Senator Franken (also a comedian) became alarmed about CarrierIQ, where the carriers track their customers. Franken asked the FCC to find out what obligations carriers think they have to protect privacy. The carriers' response was that they are doing just fine with self-regulation—no worries! Carriers need to collect data, such as missed calls, to maintain network quality. But carriers also sell data for marketing. Verizon sells customer data and enables this with a narrow privacy policy (only 1 month to opt out, with difficulties). The data sold is not individually identifiable and is aggregated. But Verizon recommends, as an aggregation workaround to "recollate" data to other databases to identify customers indirectly. The FCC has regulated telephone privacy since 1934 and mobile network privacy since 2007. Also, the carriers say mobile phone privacy is a FTC responsibility (not FCC). FTC is trying to improve mobile app privacy, but FTC has no authority over carrier / customer relationships. As a side note, Apple iPhones are unique as carriers have extra control over iPhones they don't have with other smartphones. As a result iPhones may be more regulated. Who are the consumer advocates? Everyone knows EFF, but EPIC (Electrnic Privacy Info Center), although more obsecure, is more relevant. What to do? Carriers must be accountable. Opt-in and opt-out at any time. Carriers need incentive to grant users control for those who want it, by holding them liable and responsible for breeches on their clock. Location information should be added current CPNI privacy protection, and require "Pen/trap" judicial order to obtain (and would still be a lower standard than 4th Amendment). Politics are on a pro-privacy swing now, with many senators and the Whitehouse. There will probably be new regulation soon, and enforcement will be a problem, but consumers will still have some benefit. Hacking Measured Boot and UEFI Dan Griffin, JWSecure, Inc., Seattle, @JWSdan Dan talked about hacking measured UEFI boot. First some terms: UEFI is a boot technology that is replacing BIOS (has whitelisting and blacklisting). UEFI protects devices against rootkits. TPM - hardware security device to store hashs and hardware-protected keys "secure boot" can control at firmware level what boot images can boot "measured boot" OS feature that tracks hashes (from BIOS, boot loader, krnel, early drivers). "remote attestation" allows remote validation and control based on policy on a remote attestation server. Microsoft pushing TPM (Windows 8 required), but Google is not. Intel TianoCore is the only open source for UEFI. Dan has Measured Boot Tool at http://mbt.codeplex.com/ with a demo where you can also view TPM data. TPM support already on enterprise-class machines. UEFI Weaknesses. UEFI toolkits are evolving rapidly, but UEFI has weaknesses: assume user is an ally trust TPM implicitly, and attached to computer hibernate file is unprotected (disk encryption protects against this) protection migrating from hardware to firmware delays in patching and whitelist updates will UEFI really be adopted by the mainstream (smartphone hardware support, bank support, apathetic consumer support) You Can't Buy Security: Building the Open Source InfoSec Program Boris Sverdlik, ISDPodcast.com co-host Boris talked about problems typical with current security audits. "IT Security" is an oxymoron—IT exists to enable buiness, uptime, utilization, reporting, but don't care about security—IT has conflict of interest. There's no Magic Bullet ("blinky box"), no one-size-fits-all solution (e.g., Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs)). Regulations don't make you secure. The cloud is not secure (because of shared data and admin access). Defense and pen testing is not sexy. Auditors are not solution (security not a checklist)—what's needed is experience and adaptability—need soft skills. Step 1: First thing is to Google and learn the company end-to-end before you start. Get to know the management team (not IT team), meet as many people as you can. Don't use arbitrary values such as CISSP scores. Quantitive risk assessment is a myth (e.g. AV*EF-SLE). Learn different Business Units, legal/regulatory obligations, learn the business and where the money is made, verify company is protected from script kiddies (easy), learn sensitive information (IP, internal use only), and start with low-hanging fruit (customer service reps and social engineering). Step 2: Policies. Keep policies short and relevant. Generic SANS "security" boilerplate policies don't make sense and are not followed. Focus on acceptable use, data usage, communications, physical security. Step 3: Implementation: keep it simple stupid. Open source, although useful, is not free (implementation cost). Access controls with authentication & authorization for local and remote access. MS Windows has it, otherwise use OpenLDAP, OpenIAM, etc. Application security Everyone tries to reinvent the wheel—use existing static analysis tools. Review high-risk apps and major revisions. Don't run different risk level apps on same system. Assume host/client compromised and use app-level security control. Network security VLAN != segregated because there's too many workarounds. Use explicit firwall rules, active and passive network monitoring (snort is free), disallow end user access to production environment, have a proxy instead of direct Internet access. Also, SSL certificates are not good two-factor auth and SSL does not mean "safe." Operational Controls Have change, patch, asset, & vulnerability management (OSSI is free). For change management, always review code before pushing to production For logging, have centralized security logging for business-critical systems, separate security logging from administrative/IT logging, and lock down log (as it has everything). Monitor with OSSIM (open source). Use intrusion detection, but not just to fulfill a checkbox: build rules from a whitelist perspective (snort). OSSEC has 95% of what you need. Vulnerability management is a QA function when done right: OpenVas and Seccubus are free. Security awareness The reality is users will always click everything. Build real awareness, not compliance driven checkbox, and have it integrated into the culture. Pen test by crowd sourcing—test with logging COSSP http://www.cossp.org/ - Comprehensive Open Source Security Project What Journalists Want: The Investigative Reporters' Perspective on Hacking Dave Maas, San Diego CityBeat Jason Leopold, Truthout.org The difference between hackers and investigative journalists: For hackers, the motivation varies, but method is same, technological specialties. For investigative journalists, it's about one thing—The Story, and they need broad info-gathering skills. J-School in 60 Seconds: Generic formula: Person or issue of pubic interest, new info, or angle. Generic criteria: proximity, prominence, timeliness, human interest, oddity, or consequence. Media awareness of hackers and trends: journalists becoming extremely aware of hackers with congressional debates (privacy, data breaches), demand for data-mining Journalists, use of coding and web development for Journalists, and Journalists busted for hacking (Murdock). Info gathering by investigative journalists include Public records laws. Federal Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) is good, but slow. California Public Records Act is a lot stronger. FOIA takes forever because of foot-dragging—it helps to be specific. Often need to sue (especially FBI). CPRA is faster, and requests can be vague. Dumps and leaks (a la Wikileaks) Journalists want: leads, protecting ourselves, our sources, and adapting tools for news gathering (Google hacking). Anonomity is important to whistleblowers. They want no digital footprint left behind (e.g., email, web log). They don't trust encryption, want to feel safe and secure. Whistleblower laws are very weak—there's no upside for whistleblowers—they have to be very passionate to do it. Accessibility and Security or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Halting Problem Anna Shubina, Dartmouth College Anna talked about how accessibility and security are related. Accessibility of digital content (not real world accessibility). mostly refers to blind users and screenreaders, for our purpose. Accessibility is about parsing documents, as are many security issues. "Rich" executable content causes accessibility to fail, and often causes security to fail. For example MS Word has executable format—it's not a document exchange format—more dangerous than PDF or HTML. Accessibility is often the first and maybe only sanity check with parsing. They have no choice because someone may want to read what you write. Google, for example, is very particular about web browser you use and are bad at supporting other browsers. Uses JavaScript instead of links, often requiring mouseover to display content. PDF is a security nightmare. Executible format, embedded flash, JavaScript, etc. 15 million lines of code. Google Chrome doesn't handle PDF correctly, causing several security bugs. PDF has an accessibility checker and PDF tagging, to help with accessibility. But no PDF checker checks for incorrect tags, untagged content, or validates lists or tables. None check executable content at all. The "Halting Problem" is: can one decide whether a program will ever stop? The answer, in general, is no (Rice's theorem). The same holds true for accessibility checkers. Language-theoretic Security says complicated data formats are hard to parse and cannot be solved due to the Halting Problem. W3C Web Accessibility Guidelines: "Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, Robust" Not much help though, except for "Robust", but here's some gems: * all information should be parsable (paraphrasing) * if not parsable, cannot be converted to alternate formats * maximize compatibility in new document formats Executible webpages are bad for security and accessibility. They say it's for a better web experience. But is it necessary to stuff web pages with JavaScript for a better experience? A good example is The Drudge Report—it has hand-written HTML with no JavaScript, yet drives a lot of web traffic due to good content. A bad example is Google News—hidden scrollbars, guessing user input. Solutions: Accessibility and security problems come from same source Expose "better user experience" myth Keep your corner of Internet parsable Remember "Halting Problem"—recognize false solutions (checking and verifying tools) Stop Patching, for Stronger PCI Compliance Adam Brand, protiviti @adamrbrand, http://www.picfun.com/ Adam talked about PCI compliance for retail sales. Take an example: for PCI compliance, 50% of Brian's time (a IT guy), 960 hours/year was spent patching POSs in 850 restaurants. Often applying some patches make no sense (like fixing a browser vulnerability on a server). "Scanner worship" is overuse of vulnerability scanners—it gives a warm and fuzzy and it's simple (red or green results—fix reds). Scanners give a false sense of security. In reality, breeches from missing patches are uncommon—more common problems are: default passwords, cleartext authentication, misconfiguration (firewall ports open). Patching Myths: Myth 1: install within 30 days of patch release (but PCI §6.1 allows a "risk-based approach" instead). Myth 2: vendor decides what's critical (also PCI §6.1). But §6.2 requires user ranking of vulnerabilities instead. Myth 3: scan and rescan until it passes. But PCI §11.2.1b says this applies only to high-risk vulnerabilities. Adam says good recommendations come from NIST 800-40. Instead use sane patching and focus on what's really important. From NIST 800-40: Proactive: Use a proactive vulnerability management process: use change control, configuration management, monitor file integrity. Monitor: start with NVD and other vulnerability alerts, not scanner results. Evaluate: public-facing system? workstation? internal server? (risk rank) Decide:on action and timeline Test: pre-test patches (stability, functionality, rollback) for change control Install: notify, change control, tickets McAfee Secure & Trustmarks — a Hacker's Best Friend Jay James, Shane MacDougall, Tactical Intelligence Inc., Canada "McAfee Secure Trustmark" is a website seal marketed by McAfee. A website gets this badge if they pass their remote scanning. The problem is a removal of trustmarks act as flags that you're vulnerable. Easy to view status change by viewing McAfee list on website or on Google. "Secure TrustGuard" is similar to McAfee. Jay and Shane wrote Perl scripts to gather sites from McAfee and search engines. If their certification image changes to a 1x1 pixel image, then they are longer certified. Their scripts take deltas of scans to see what changed daily. The bottom line is change in TrustGuard status is a flag for hackers to attack your site. Entire idea of seals is silly—you're raising a flag saying if you're vulnerable.

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• New Rules of Retail

  - by David Dorf

  I've been on vacation and preparing for Crosstalk, so its been a while since I've posted. I've seen the agenda, and I can assure you Crosstalk will be lots of fun. In addition to hearing from lots of retailers, we'll also be doing a little bowling and racing on the track. I'll be around for the sessions, the ORUG meetings, and our Customer Advisory Board so please be sure to say hello. I also just completed a white paper based on a previous blog posting which in turn was based on learnings from reading What Would Google Do? For each of Jarvis' ten rules, I discuss the concept in the context of retail and provide real-world examples. No mention of products or sales pitches at all. You can download the paper here. It will put you in the right frame of mind for hearing Jeff Jarvis speak at Crosstalk. For those that can't make it, I'll post some highlights afterwards.

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• Quotas - Using quotas on ZFSSA shares and projects and users

  - by Steve Tunstall

  So you don't want your users to fill up your entire storage pool with their MP3 files, right? Good idea to make some quotas. There's some good tips and tricks here, including a helpful workflow (a script) that will allow you to set a default quota on all of the users of a share at once. Let's start with some basics. I mad a project called "small" and inside it I made a share called "Share1". You can set quotas on the project level, which will affect all of the shares in it, or you can do it on the share level like I am here. Go the the share's General property page. First, I'm using a Windows client, so I need to make sure I have my SMB mountpoint. Do you know this trick yet? Go to the Protocol page of the share. See the SMB section? It needs a resource name to make the UNC path for the SMB (Windows) users. You do NOT have to type this name in for every share you make! Do this at the Project level. Before you make any shares, go to the Protocol properties of the Project, and set the SMB Resource name to "On". This special code will automatically make the SMB resource name of every share in the project the same as the share name. Note the UNC path name I got below. Since I did this at the Project level, I didn't have to lift a finger for it to work on every share I make in this project. Simple. So I have now mapped my Windows "Z:" drive to this Share1. I logged in as the user "Joe". Note that my computer shows my Z: drive as 34GB, which is the entire size of my Pool that this share is in. Right now, Joe could fill this drive up and it would fill up my pool.  Now, go back to the General properties of Share1. In the "Space Usage" area, over on the right, click on the "Show All" text under the Users & Groups section. Sure enough, Joe and some other users are in here and have some data. Note this is also a handy window to use just to see how much space your users are using in any given share.  Ok, Joe owes us money from lunch last week, so we want to give him a quota of 100MB. Type his name in the Users box. Notice how it now shows you how much data he's currently using. Go ahead and give him a 100M quota and hit the Apply button. If I go back to "Show All", I can see that Joe now has a quota, and no one else does. Sure enough, as soon as I refresh my screen back on Joe's client, he sees that his Z: drive is now only 100MB, and he's more than half way full.  That was easy enough, but what if you wanted to make the whole share have a quota, so that the share itself, no matter who uses it, can only grow to a certain size? That's even easier. Just use the Quota box on the left hand side. Here, I use a Quota on the share of 300MB.  So now I log off as Joe, and log in as Steve. Even though Steve does NOT have a quota, it is showing my Z: drive as 300MB. This would effect anyone, INCLUDING the ROOT user, becuase you specified the Quota to be on the SHARE, not on a person.  Note that back in the Share, if you click the "Show All" text, the window does NOT show Steve, or anyone else, to have a quota of 300MB. Yet we do, because it's on the share itself, not on any user, so this panel does not see that. Ok, here is where it gets FUN.... Let's say you do NOT want a quota on the SHARE, because you want SOME people, like Root and yourself, to have FULL access to it and you want the ability to fill the whole thing up if you darn well feel like it. HOWEVER, you want to give the other users a quota. HOWEVER you have, say, 200 users, and you do NOT feel like typing in each of their names and giving them each a quota, and they are not all members of a AD global group you could use or anything like that.  Hmmmmmm.... No worries, mate. We have a handy-dandy script that can do this for us. Now, this script was written a few years back by Tim Graves, one of our ZFSSA engineers out of the UK. This is not my script. It is NOT supported by Oracle support in any way. It does work fine with the 2011.1.4 code as best as I can tell, but Oracle, and I, are NOT responsible for ANYTHING that you do with this script. Furthermore, I will NOT give you this script, so do not ask me for it. You need to get this from your local Oracle storage SC. I will give it to them. I want this only going to my fellow SCs, who can then work with you to have it and show you how it works.  Here's what it does...Once you add this workflow to the Maintenance-->Workflows section, you click it once to run it. Nothing seems to happen at this point, but something did.   Go back to any share or project. You will see that you now have four new, custom properties on the bottom.  Do NOT touch the bottom two properties, EVER. Only touch the top two. Here, I'm going to give my users a default quota of about 40MB each. The beauty of this script is that it will only effect users that do NOT already have any kind of personal quota. It will only change people who have no quota at all. It does not effect the Root user.  After I hit Apply on the Share screen. Nothing will happen until I go back and run the script again. The first time you run it, it creates the custom properties. The second and all subsequent times you run it, it checks the shares for any users, and applies your quota number to each one of them, UNLESS they already have one set. Notice in the readout below how it did NOT apply to my Joe user, since Joe had a quota set.  Sure enough, when I go back to the "Show All" in the share properties, all of the users who did not have a quota, now have one for 39.1MB. Hmmm... I did my math wrong, didn't I?    That's OK, I'll just change the number of the Custom Default quota again. Here, I am adding a zero on the end.  After I click Apply, and then run the script again, all of my users, except Joe, now have a quota of 391MB  You can customize a person at any time. Here, I took the Steve user, and specifically gave him a Quota of zero. Now when I run the script again, he is different from the rest, so he is no longer effected by the script. Under Show All, I see that Joe is at 100, and Steve has no Quota at all. I can do this all day long. es, you will have to re-run the script every time new users get added. The script only applies the default quota to users that are present at the time the script is ran. However, it would be a simple thing to schedule the script to run each night, or to make an alert to run the script when certain events occur.  For you power users, if you ever want to delete these custom properties and remove the script completely, you will find these properties under the "Schema" section under the Shares section. You can remove them here. There's no need to, however, they don't hurt a thing if you just don't use them.  I hope these tips have helped you out there. Quotas can be fun. 

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• Exadata Storage Server software upgrade is a new era in Patching

  - by Luis Moreno Campos

  Since it was first released, Exadata Storage Server software has been releasing patch releases like every software on the planet. Storage administrators would have to do this, but by some weird tradition, no matter what level of technology, if it says "Oracle" in it, IT Managers will immediately associate this with a task for the DBA. Not the case, but if it falls onto a DBA lap, fear no evil.The last patch released for Exadata Cells, is a true master piece in patching technology. This sentence is not mine, it's from both the customer and the partner that witnessed how 3 Exadata Cells where patch in less than 4 hours, after 12 months of without a single upgrade.The patch manager that takes care of everything will patch not only the software but also the firmware and the operating system. And you know it will all work out because back in the lab everything was already tested.All you have to do is stare at the 3 Sun ILOM Windows from the 3 cells and watch as they boot and reboot, patch and fix to the latest versions all layers of the storage machines. It's a new era in Patching technology!LMC

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• GlassFish Community Event and Party at JavaOne 2011 - Oct 2, 2011

  - by arungupta

  As in the previous years (2010, 2009, 2008 (more), and 2007), the GlassFish community event and party are getting planned along with JavaOne 2011 as well. Here are the coordinates for the community event: Date: Sunday, October 2nd, 2011 Time: 12:30pm - 4:30pm Venue: Moscone West The party will be held at the regular venue of The Thirsty Bear. This is your chance to meet the core members of engineering, product management, executive management, and rest of the team. This is your (yet another) chance to voice your opinion and be heard. There will be community updates, customer testimonials, unconference, and fun activities too. Stay tuned for more details. Here are some pictures from the yesteryears: A conference badge will be required to attend the community event but the party will be open to all friends of GlassFish. So if you are in town, plan to stop by at the community event and/or the party. Stay tuned for RSVP details. Its going to be lot of fun!

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• GlassFish Community Event and Party at JavaOne 2011 - Oct 2, 2011

  - by arungupta

  As in the previous years (2010, 2009, 2008 (more), and 2007), the GlassFish community event and party are getting planned along with JavaOne 2011 as well. Here are the coordinates for the community event: Date: Sunday, October 2nd, 2011 Time: 12:30pm - 4:30pm Venue: Moscone West The party will be held at the regular venue of The Thirsty Bear. This is your chance to meet the core members of engineering, product management, executive management, and rest of the team. This is your (yet another) chance to voice your opinion and be heard. There will be community updates, customer testimonials, unconference, and fun activities too. Stay tuned for more details. Here are some pictures from the yesteryears: A conference badge will be required to attend the community event but the party will be open to all friends of GlassFish. So if you are in town, plan to stop by at the community event and/or the party. Stay tuned for RSVP details. Its going to be lot of fun!

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• What's up with LDoms: Part 1 - Introduction & Basic Concepts

  - by Stefan Hinker

  LDoms - the correct name is Oracle VM Server for SPARC - have been around for quite a while now.  But to my surprise, I get more and more requests to explain how they work or to give advise on how to make good use of them.  This made me think that writing up a few articles discussing the different features would be a good idea.  Now - I don't intend to rewrite the LDoms Admin Guide or to copy and reformat the (hopefully) well known "Beginners Guide to LDoms" by Tony Shoumack from 2007.  Those documents are very recommendable - especially the Beginners Guide, although based on LDoms 1.0, is still a good place to begin with.  However, LDoms have come a long way since then, and I hope to contribute to their adoption by discussing how they work and what features there are today.  In this and the following posts, I will use the term "LDoms" as a common abbreviation for Oracle VM Server for SPARC, just because it's a lot shorter and easier to type (and presumably, read). So, just to get everyone on the same baseline, lets briefly discuss the basic concepts of virtualization with LDoms.  LDoms make use of a hypervisor as a layer of abstraction between real, physical hardware and virtual hardware.  This virtual hardware is then used to create a number of guest systems which each behave very similar to a system running on bare metal:  Each has its own OBP, each will install its own copy of the Solaris OS and each will see a certain amount of CPU, memory, disk and network resources available to it.  Unlike some other type 1 hypervisors running on x86 hardware, the SPARC hypervisor is embedded in the system firmware and makes use both of supporting functions in the sun4v SPARC instruction set as well as the overall CPU architecture to fulfill its function. The CMT architecture of the supporting CPUs (T1 through T4) provide a large number of cores and threads to the OS.  For example, the current T4 CPU has eight cores, each running 8 threads, for a total of 64 threads per socket.  To the OS, this looks like 64 CPUs.  The SPARC hypervisor, when creating guest systems, simply assigns a certain number of these threads exclusively to one guest, thus avoiding the overhead of having to schedule OS threads to CPUs, as do typical x86 hypervisors.  The hypervisor only assigns CPUs and then steps aside.  It is not involved in the actual work being dispatched from the OS to the CPU, all it does is maintain isolation between different guests. Likewise, memory is assigned exclusively to individual guests.  Here,  the hypervisor provides generic mappings between the physical hardware addresses and the guest's views on memory.  Again, the hypervisor is not involved in the actual memory access, it only maintains isolation between guests. During the inital setup of a system with LDoms, you start with one special domain, called the Control Domain.  Initially, this domain owns all the hardware available in the system, including all CPUs, all RAM and all IO resources.  If you'd be running the system un-virtualized, this would be what you'd be working with.  To allow for guests, you first resize this initial domain (also called a primary domain in LDoms speak), assigning it a small amount of CPU and memory.  This frees up most of the available CPU and memory resources for guest domains.  IO is a little more complex, but very straightforward.  When LDoms 1.0 first came out, the only way to provide IO to guest systems was to create virtual disk and network services and attach guests to these services.  In the meantime, several different ways to connect guest domains to IO have been developed, the most recent one being SR-IOV support for network devices released in version 2.2 of Oracle VM Server for SPARC. I will cover these more advanced features in detail later.  For now, lets have a short look at the initial way IO was virtualized in LDoms: For virtualized IO, you create two services, one "Virtual Disk Service" or vds, and one "Virtual Switch" or vswitch.  You can, of course, also create more of these, but that's more advanced than I want to cover in this introduction.  These IO services now connect real, physical IO resources like a disk LUN or a networt port to the virtual devices that are assigned to guest domains.  For disk IO, the normal case would be to connect a physical LUN (or some other storage option that I'll discuss later) to one specific guest.  That guest would be assigned a virtual disk, which would appear to be just like a real LUN to the guest, while the IO is actually routed through the virtual disk service down to the physical device.  For network, the vswitch acts very much like a real, physical ethernet switch - you connect one physical port to it for outside connectivity and define one or more connections per guest, just like you would plug cables between a real switch and a real system. For completeness, there is another service that provides console access to guest domains which mimics the behavior of serial terminal servers. The connections between the virtual devices on the guest's side and the virtual IO services in the primary domain are created by the hypervisor.  It uses so called "Logical Domain Channels" or LDCs to create point-to-point connections between all of these devices and services.  These LDCs work very similar to high speed serial connections and are configured automatically whenever the Control Domain adds or removes virtual IO. To see all this in action, now lets look at a first example.  I will start with a newly installed machine and configure the control domain so that it's ready to create guest systems. In a first step, after we've installed the software, let's start the virtual console service and downsize the primary domain.  root@sun # ldm list NAME STATE FLAGS CONS VCPU MEMORY UTIL UPTIME primary active -n-c-- UART 512 261632M 0.3% 2d 13h 58m root@sun # ldm add-vconscon port-range=5000-5100 \ primary-console primary root@sun # svcadm enable vntsd root@sun # svcs vntsd STATE STIME FMRI online 9:53:21 svc:/ldoms/vntsd:default root@sun # ldm set-vcpu 16 primary root@sun # ldm set-mau 1 primary root@sun # ldm start-reconf primary root@sun # ldm set-memory 7680m primary root@sun # ldm add-config initial root@sun # shutdown -y -g0 -i6 So what have I done: I've defined a range of ports (5000-5100) for the virtual network terminal service and then started that service.  The vnts will later provide console connections to guest systems, very much like serial NTS's do in the physical world. Next, I assigned 16 vCPUs (on this platform, a T3-4, that's two cores) to the primary domain, freeing the rest up for future guest systems.  I also assigned one MAU to this domain.  A MAU is a crypto unit in the T3 CPU.  These need to be explicitly assigned to domains, just like CPU or memory.  (This is no longer the case with T4 systems, where crypto is always available everywhere.) Before I reassigned the memory, I started what's called a "delayed reconfiguration" session.  That avoids actually doing the change right away, which would take a considerable amount of time in this case.  Instead, I'll need to reboot once I'm all done.  I've assigned 7680MB of RAM to the primary.  That's 8GB less the 512MB which the hypervisor uses for it's own private purposes.  You can, depending on your needs, work with less.  I'll spend a dedicated article on sizing, discussing the pros and cons in detail. Finally, just before the reboot, I saved my work on the ILOM, to make this configuration available after a powercycle of the box.  (It'll always be available after a simple reboot, but the ILOM needs to know the configuration of the hypervisor after a power-cycle, before the primary domain is booted.) Now, lets create a first disk service and a first virtual switch which is connected to the physical network device igb2. We will later use these to connect virtual disks and virtual network ports of our guest systems to real world storage and network. root@sun # ldm add-vds primary-vds root@sun # ldm add-vswitch net-dev=igb2 switch-primary primary You are free to choose whatever names you like for the virtual disk service and the virtual switch.  I strongly recommend that you choose names that make sense to you and describe the function of each service in the context of your implementation.  For the vswitch, for example, you could choose names like "admin-vswitch" or "production-network" etc. This already concludes the configuration of the control domain.  We've freed up considerable amounts of CPU and RAM for guest systems and created the necessary infrastructure - console, vts and vswitch - so that guests systems can actually interact with the outside world.  The system is now ready to create guests, which I'll describe in the next section. For further reading, here are some recommendable links: The LDoms 2.2 Admin Guide The "Beginners Guide to LDoms" The LDoms Information Center on MOS LDoms on OTN

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• UPK 3.6.1 New Feature - Publish Presentation

  - by peter.maravelias

  UPK includes numerous options for deploying the content you have created. Most UPK users are familiar with the UPK Player and the various document outputs that have been available as publishing formats for some time now. In addition UPK provides the content developer the ability to publish content for use in specific environments, LMS, Test Director are two examples. UPK 3.6.1 adds the Presentation publishing type. The Presentation publishing type produces a slideshow presentation of screenshots and text of each topic as a separate Microsoft PowerPoint file. To publish to the presentation option just select the type under the documents category in the publishing wizard. Give this new publishing type a try and let us know what you think by posting a comment. The Presentation publishing type feature came from a customer request and given the ever growing methods and channels for communication we'd like to know what other output types or methods of using existing outputs you would like to see in a future release of UPK.

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• Fix: Azure Disabled over 49 cents? Beware of using a Java Virtual Machine on Microsoft Azure

  - by Ken Cox [MVP]

  I love my MSDN Azure account. I can spin up a demo/dev app or VM in seconds. In fact, it is so easy to create a virtual machine that Azure shut down my whole account! Last night I spun up a Java Virtual Machine to play with some Android stuff. My mistake was that I didn’t read the Virtual Machine pricing warning: “I have a MSDN Azure Benefit subscription. Can I use my monthly Azure credits to purchase Oracle software?” “No, Azure credits in our MSDN offers are not applicable to Oracle software. In order to purchase Oracle software in the MSDN Azure Benefit subscription, customers need to turn off their {0} spending limit and pay at the regular pay-as-you-go rate. Otherwise, Oracle usage will hit the {1} spending limit and the subscription will be immediately disabled.”  Immediately disabled? Yup. Everything connected to the subscription was shut off, deallocated, rendered useless - even the free Web sites and the free Sendgrid email service.  The fix? I had to remove the spending limit from my account so I could pay $0.49 (49 cents) for the JVM usage. I still had $134.10 in credits remaining for regular usage with 6 days left in the billing month.  Now the restoration/clean-up begins… figuring out how to get the web sites and services back online.  To me, the preferable way would be for Azure to warn me when setting up a JVM that I had no way of paying for the service. In the alternative, shut down just the offending services – the ones that can’t be covered by the regular credits. What a mess.

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• BIP Enterprise Patches

  - by Tim Dexter

  Got some input from the support team yesterday BIP patching. I dont have any control over the patches but have a voice to get information out there. Just to clarify for you all, the recent 'rollup' patch, 9546699 that I blogged a while back supersedes all other patches for the standalone release. If you have an issue and log an SR, please ensure you have applied 9546699 and re-checked the issue. There are so many fixes and enhancements in that patch that your issue may be fixed or addressed. If you are a new customer and download the latest release, 10.1.3.4.1 from oracle.com. Please get onto the support site and get 9546699 applied straight away. For more information check out Pieter's Note on BIP patching - 797057.1

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