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  • Any learning/studying material for C/C++ that use game programming as learning context out there?

    - by mac
    As most of game programming is done - I read on this very site - in C/C++ I was wondering if there is any learning/studying material for C/C++ that would target specifically game programming. I am not looking for material about "developing games" or "software architecture for games", but rather for material that uses "game programming" as the CONTEXT for introducing and illustrating C/C++ features, idioms, programming techniques, etc... With a simile: think to the GOF book on design patterns. There, they used "developing a text-editor" as a context for introducing design patterns, but the book is most definitively not a book about "developing text-editors". Thanks in advance for your time and advice! PS: My background: I am a programmer with a solid experience in OO scripting languages and only some experience in C and Assembler (on AVR microcontrollers), so I am thinking to mid-to-advanced level material, rather than tutorials for beginners, although it might be interesting to take a look to the latter ones if nothing else is available.

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  • What are the factors that determine the default frequency of a shader call?

    - by user827992
    After i have been played for some days with various vertex and fragments shaders seems clear to me that this programs are called by the GPU at every and each rendering cycle, the problem is that I can't really quantify this frequency and I can't tell if is based on some default values or not because I don't have a big collection of hardware right now to do extensive tests. For what i know the answer could be really trivial like "it's the same of the refresh rate of your monitor", but i would like some good answers on that to be clear on this. For instance looks really odd to me that all the techniques used to control the amount of FPS that i have seen until now uses a call for the OpenGL function glutGet(GLUT_ELAPSED_TIME) to retrieve a value in ms about when the rendering started but I have to relies on the CPU to do the math. Why I can't set an FPS value in OpenGL if OpenGL clearly has a counter and a timer/clock? PS I'm referring to OpenGL 3.0+

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  • Bubble shooter search alghoritm

    - by Fofole
    So I have a Matrix of NxM. At a given position (for ex. [2][5]) I have a value which represents a color. If there is nothing at that point the value is -1. What I need to do is after I add a new point, to check all his neighbours with the same color value and if there are more than 2, set them all to -1. If what I said doesn't make sense what I'm trying to do is an alghoritm which I use to destroy all the same color bubbles from my screen, where the bubbles are memorized in a matrix where -1 means no bubble and {0,1,2,...} represent that there is a bubble with a specific color. This is what I tried and failed: public class Testing { static private int[][] gameMatrix= {{3, 3, 4, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0}, {1, 4, 1, 4, 2, 2, 1, 3, 0, 0}, {2, 2, 4, 4, 3, 1, 2, 4, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, }; static int Rows=6; static int Cols=10; static int count; static boolean[][] visited=new boolean[15][15]; static int NOCOLOR = -1; static int color = 1; public static void dfs(int r, int c, int color, boolean set) { for(int dr = -1; dr <= 1; dr++) for(int dc = -1; dc <= 1; dc++) if(!(dr == 0 && dc == 0) && ok(r+dr, c+dc)) { int nr = r+dr; int nc = c+dc; // if it is the same color and we haven't visited this location before if(gameMatrix[nr][nc] == color && !visited[nr][nc]) { visited[nr][nc] = true; count++; dfs(nr, nc, color, set); if(set) { gameMatrix[nr][nc] = NOCOLOR; } } } } static boolean ok(int r, int c) { return r >= 0 && r < Rows && c >= 0 && c < Cols; } static void showMatrix(){ for(int i = 0; i < gameMatrix.length; i++) { System.out.print("["); for(int j = 0; j < gameMatrix[0].length; j++) { System.out.print(" " + gameMatrix[i][j]); } System.out.println(" ]"); } System.out.println(); } static void putValue(int value,int row,int col){ gameMatrix[row][col]=value; } public static void main(String[] args){ System.out.println("Initial Matrix:"); putValue(1, 4, 1); putValue(1, 5, 1); showMatrix(); for(int n = 0; n < 15; n++) for(int m = 0; m < 15; m++) visited[n][m] = false; //reset count count = 0; //dfs(bubbles.get(i).getRow(), bubbles.get(i).getCol(), color, false); // get the contiguous count dfs(5,1,color,false); //if there are more than 2 set the color to NOCOLOR for(int n = 0; n < 15; n++) for(int m = 0; m < 15; m++) visited[n][m] = false; if(count > 2) { //dfs(bubbles.get(i).getRow(), bubbles.get(i).getCol(), color, true); dfs(5,1,color,true); } System.out.println("Matrix after dfs:"); showMatrix(); } }

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  • How do I prevent a KActor from changing the orientation of its Z-Axis?

    - by Almo
    So I have an object that inherits from KActor that I would like to behave as a dynamic physics object, but I want its Z-Axis to remain upright, but very stiffly. I've tried the bStayUpright that triggers the "Stay Upright Spring". The problem is, it's a spring, and the object in question oscillates into position when I want it to remain oriented properly without wobbling. In the image above, the yellow block has fallen onto the gray box, and it is currently pivoting about the contact point as it tries to right itself. Should I be tweaking the StayUprightMaxTorque and StayUprightTorqueFactor parameters, or should I be using a Constraint of some sort?

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  • Problems using easing equations in C# XNA

    - by codinghands
    I'm having some trouble using the easing equations suggested by Robert Penner for ActionScript (http://www.robertpenner.com/easing/, and a Flash demo here) in my C# XNA game. Firstly, what is the definition of the following variables passed in as arguments to each equation? float t, float b, float c, float d I'm currently calculating the new X position of a sprite in the Update() loop, however even for the linear tween equation I'm getting some odd results. I'm using the following values: float t = gameTime.TotalGameTime.TotalMilliseconds; float d = 8000f; float b = x.Position.X; float c = (ScreenManager.Game.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width >> 1) - (x.Position.X + x.frameSize.X / 2); And this equation for linear easing: float val = c*t/d + b;

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  • How do I find the angle required to point to another object?

    - by Ginamin
    I am making an air combat game, where you can fly a ship in a 3D space. There is an opponent that flies around as well. When the opponent is not on screen, I want to display an arrow pointing in the direction the user should turn, as such: So, I took the camera location and the oppenent location and did this: double newDirection = atan2(activeCamera.location.y-ship_wrap.location.y, activeCamera.location.x-ship_wrap.location.x); After which, I get the position on the circumferance of a circle which surrounds my crosshairs, like such: trackingArrow.position = point((60*sin(angle)+240),60*cos(angle)+160); It all works fine, except it's the wrong angle! I assume my calculation for the new direction is incorrect. Can anyone help?

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  • Java - Draw Cards and Eliminate Cards Problem

    - by Jen
    I am having a problem in this question. I want a system inside a game wherein the player draws 2 cards randomly, and the enemy draws 2 cards randomly. Then, what the program does is to print out to the console the cards the player draw and the enemy's. The cards should not conflict and must not be the same. Then lastly, the program prints out the card that was not drawn by both the player and the enemy. Here's how I did it but it was lengthy and full of errors: import java.util.Random; public class Draw { public static Random random = new Random(); public static String cards[] = {"Hall", "Kitchen", "Billiard", "Study", "Pool"}; public static int playercounter; public static int enemycounter; public static String playercardA = null; public static String playercardB = null; public static String enemycardA = null; public static String enemycardB = null; public String lastcard = null; public static void playercardAdraw() { playercounter = random.nextInt(5); playercardA = cards[playercounter]; } public static void playercardBdraw() { playercounter=random.nextInt(5); playercardB= cards[playercounter]; if (playercardB==playercardA || playercardB == enemycardA || playercardB == enemycardB) { return; } } public static void enemycardAdraw () { enemycounter = random.nextInt(5); enemycardA=cards[enemycounter]; if (enemycardA == playercardA || enemycardA == playercardB) { return; } } public static void enemycardBdraw () { enemycounter = random.nextInt(5); enemycardB=cards[enemycounter]; if (enemycardB == playercardA || enemycardB == playercardB || enemycardB == enemycardA) { return; } } public static void main (String args []) { System.out.println("Starting to draw..."); System.out.println("Player's Turn: "); playercardAdraw(); System.out.println("Player's first card: " + playercardA); playercardBdraw(); System.out.println("Player's second card: " + playercardB); System.out.println("Enemy's Turn: "); enemycardAdraw(); System.out.println("Enemy's first card: " + enemycardA); enemycardBdraw(); System.out.println("Enemy's Second card: " + enemycardB); } }

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  • Color Picking Troubles - LWJGL/OpenGL

    - by Tom Johnson
    I'm attempting to check which object the user is hovering over. While everything seems to be just how I'd think it should be, I'm not able to get the correct color due to the second time I draw (without picking colors). Here is my rendering code: public void render() { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glLoadIdentity(); camera.applyTranslations(); scene.pick(); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glLoadIdentity(); camera.applyTranslations(); scene.render(); } And here is what gets called on each block/tile on "scene.pick()": public void pick() { glColor3ub((byte) pickingColor.x, (byte) pickingColor.y, (byte) pickingColor.z); draw(); glReadBuffer(GL_FRONT); ByteBuffer buffer = BufferUtils.createByteBuffer(4); glReadPixels(Mouse.getX(), Mouse.getY(), 1, 1, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, buffer); int r = buffer.get(0) & 0xFF; int g = buffer.get(1) & 0xFF; int b = buffer.get(2) & 0xFF; if(r == pickingColor.x && g == pickingColor.y && b == pickingColor.z) { hovered = true; } else { hovered = false; } } I believe the problem is that in the method of each tile/block called by scene.pick(), it is reading the color from the regular drawing state, after that method is called somehow. I believe this because when I remove the "glReadBuffer(GL_FRONT)" line from the pick method, it seems to almost fix it, but then it will also select blocks behind the one you are hovering as it is not only looking at the front. If you have any ideas of what to do, please be sure to reply!/ EDIT: Adding scene.render(), tile.render(), and tile.draw() scene.render: public void render() { for(int x = 0; x < tiles.length; x++) { for(int z = 0; z < tiles.length; z++) { tiles[x][z].render(); } } } tile.render: public void render() { glColor3f(color.x, color.y, color.z); draw(); if(hovered) { glColor3f(1, 1, 1); glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE); draw(); glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL); } } tile.draw: public void draw() { float x = position.x, y = position.y, z = position.z; //Top glBegin(GL_QUADS); glVertex3f(x, y + size, z); glVertex3f(x + size, y + size, z); glVertex3f(x + size, y + size, z + size); glVertex3f(x, y + size, z + size); glEnd(); //Left glBegin(GL_QUADS); glVertex3f(x, y, z); glVertex3f(x + size, y, z); glVertex3f(x + size, y + size, z); glVertex3f(x, y + size, z); glEnd(); //Right glBegin(GL_QUADS); glVertex3f(x + size, y, z); glVertex3f(x + size, y + size, z); glVertex3f(x + size, y + size, z + size); glVertex3f(x + size, y, z + size); glEnd(); } (The game is like an isometric game. That's why I only draw 3 faces.)

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  • How to perform game object smoothing in multiplayer games

    - by spaceOwl
    We're developing an infrastructure to support multiplayer games for our game engine. In simple terms, each client (player) engine sends some pieces of data regarding the relevant game objects at a given time interval. On the receiving end, we step the incoming data to current time (to compensate for latency), followed by a smoothing step (which is the subject of this question). I was wondering how smoothing should be performed ? Currently the algorithm is similar to this: Receive incoming state for an object (position, velocity, acceleration, rotation, custom data like visual properties, etc). Calculate a diff between local object position and the position we have after previous prediction steps. If diff doesn't exceed some threshold value, start a smoothing step: Mark the object's CURRENT POSITION and the TARGET POSITION. Linear interpolate between these values for 0.3 seconds. I wonder if this scheme is any good, or if there is any other common implementation or algorithm that should be used? (For example - should i only smooth out the position? or other values, such as speed, etc) any help will be appreciated.

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  • 3D architecture app for Android or iPhone

    - by Manixate
    I want to make an app for 3D modeling on iPhone/Android. I cannot get the basic idea of how to get started. I have various options such as learning OpenGL ES, UDK or Unity3d but I want to create models(e.g architecture etc) in my app and then render them when user is finished modeling. I do not know if I am able to design models and then render them in the same app with various effects on the iPhone/Android using UDK or Unity3d. (Note: If you find this question unclear please ask, I may have skipped some vital information).

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  • What are the pros and cons of a non-fixed-interval update loop?

    - by akonsu
    I am studying various approaches to implementing a game loop and I have found this article. In the article the author implements a loop which, if the processing falls behind in time, skips frame renderings and just updates the game in a loop (the last variant called "Constant Game Speed independent of Variable FPS"). I do not understand why it is acceptable to call update_game() in a loop without making sure the update function is called at a particular interval. I do not see any value in doing this. I would think that in my game I want to be sure the game is updated periodically with a known period. So maybe it is worthwhile to have two threads, one would call update periodically, and the other one would redraw the game, also periodically? Would this be a good and practical approach? Of course I would need to synchronise the threads.

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  • Can't export Blender model for use in jMonkeyEngine SDK

    - by Nathan Sabruka
    I have a scene rendered in blender called "civ1.blend" which contains multiple materials (for example, I have one called "white"). I want to use this model in jMonkeyEngine, so I used the OGRE exporter to create .scene and .material files. This gives me, for example, a civ1.scene file and a white.material file.However, when I then try to import civ1.scene into the jMonkeyEngine SDK, I get an error along the lines of "Cannot find material file 'civ1.material'". Like I said, I have a white.material file, but I do not have a civ1.material file. Did anyone encounter this problem? How do I fix this?

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  • "Time Control" in a 2d Platformer

    - by Woody Zantzinger
    I am making a 2d platformer where the player can press a button, and restart the level, only their previous character will also run the level at the same time, like they are traveling back in time. I know other games have done this before, and the way I have thought of doing it is to make the game character have a set of actions (Idle, Jumping, Walking Left etc.) and then detect changes in those actions and log them into a list along with the game time. So then when I need the character to run the level again on its own, I can just go through the list changing its actions at the right time. Is this the best way to do it? Does anyone have any experience in this? Thanks.

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  • How to have operations with character/items on binary with concrete operations on C++?

    - by Piperoman
    I have the next problem. A item can have a lot of states: NORMAL = 0000000 DRY = 0000001 HOT = 0000010 BURNING = 0000100 WET = 0001000 COLD = 0010000 FROZEN = 0100000 POISONED= 1000000 A item can have some states at same time but not all of them Is impossible to be dry and wet at same time. If you COLD a WET item, it turns into FROZEN. If you HOT a WET item, it turns into NORMAL A item can be BURNING and POISON Etc. I have tried to set binary flags to states, and use AND to combine different states, checking before if it is possible or not to do it, or change to another status. Does there exist a concrete approach to solve this problem efficiently without having an interminable switch that checks every state with every new state? It is relatively easy to check 2 different states, but if there exists a third state it is not trivial to do.

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  • How to had operation with character/items on binary with concrete operations on C++?

    - by Piperoman
    I have the next problem. A item can had a lot of states: NORMAL = 0000000 DRY = 0000001 HOT = 0000010 BURNING = 0000100 WET = 0001000 COLD = 0010000 FROZEN = 0100000 POISONED= 1000000 A item can had some states at same time but not all of them Is impossible to be dry and wet at same time. If you COLD a WET item, it turns into FROZEN. If you HOT a WET item, it turns into NORMAL A item can be BURNING and POISON Etc. I have try to set binary flags to states, and use AND to set operation to combine different states, checking before if is possible or not to do it, or change to another status. Exist a concrete patron to solve this problem efficiently without had a interminable switch that check every states with everynew states? It is relative easy to check 2 different states, but if exist a third state it is not trivial to do.

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  • Turn Based Event Algorithm

    - by GamersIncoming
    I'm currently working on a small roguelike in XNA, which sees the player in a randomly generated series of dungeons fending off creeps, as you might expect. As with most roguelikes, the player makes a move, and then each of the creeps currently active on screen will make a move in turns, until all creeps have updated, and it return's to the player's go. On paper, the simple algorithm is straightforward: Player takes turn Turn Number increments For each active creep, update Position Once all active creeps have updated, allow player to take next turn However, when it comes to actually writing this in more detail, the concept becomes a bit more tricky for me. So my question comes as this: what is the best way to handle events taking turns to trigger, where the completion of each last event triggers the next, when dealing with a large number of creeps (probably stored as an array of an enemy object), and is there an easier way to create some kind of engine that just takes all objects that need updating and chains them together so their updates follow suit? I'm not asking for code, just algorithms and theory in the direction of objects triggering updates one after the other, in a turn based manner. Thanks in advance. Edited: Here's the code I currently have that is horrible :/ if (player.getTurnOver() && updateWait == 0) { if (creep[creepToUpdate].getActive()) { creep[creepToUpdate].moveObject(player, map1); updateWait = 10; } if (creepToUpdate < creep.Length -1) { creepToUpdate++; } else { creepToUpdate = 0; player.setTurnOver(false); } } if (updateWait > 0) { updateWait--; }

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  • Why distance field text rendering have clear outline?

    - by jinhwan
    http://www.valvesoftware.com/publications/2007/SIGGRAPH2007_AlphaTestedMagnification.pdf All the process for doing distance rendering is clear, but 'how does it work' is not clear for me. It looks like that distance field pixels which are created around original pixel may affect 2d texture sampling interpolation process. But I can't understand the interpolation process. I've read that the distance field rendering is processed under nearest-neighbour interpolation. If it is true, shouldn't the distance field redering creates non interpolated result? In my thought, they should looks liked retro style pixel art. Where do i misunderstand in this process? So far, It is no difference with alpha test for me. Both of them throw away all pixcel which are not in. How does extra distance field pixel affect rendering under nearest-neighbour interpolation?

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  • Looking for games in environments similar to a pinball table

    - by chaosTechnician
    I'm on a team of students working on a third-person adventure game that takes place inside a pinball machine (like, small scale, on the surface, avoiding pinballs, etc). One of my responsibilities on the project is to find games that are similar to this concept in appearance and/or gameplay for reference. So, does anyone know of games (other than pinball) that takes place in a pinball-like environment? Or, adventure games that take place in small, cramped environments with multiple paths around the world? Or games in which the player is often bombarded with balls (or other similar unintelligent obstacles)? Or games that take place on a small scale?

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  • C++: Checking if an object faces a point (within a certain range)

    - by bojoradarial
    I have been working on a shooter game in C++, and am trying to add a feature whereby missiles shot must be within 90 degrees (PI/2 radians) of the direction the ship is facing. The missiles will be shot towards the mouse. My idea is that the ship's angle of rotation is compared with the angle between the ship and the mouse (std::atan2(mouseY - shipY, mouseX - shipX)), and if the difference is less than PI/4 (45 degrees) then the missile can be fired. However, I can't seem to get this to work. The ship's angle of rotation is increased and decreased with the A and D keys, so it is possible that it isn't between 0 and 2*PI, hence the use of fmod() below. Code: float userRotation = std::fmod(user->Angle(), 6.28318f); if (std::abs(userRotation - missileAngle) > 0.78f) return; Any help would be appreciated. Thanks!

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  • Is there a good book or articles to learn about 2D Game Design and Effects?

    - by user28015
    I am not looking for a read how to develop games and how to implement one. I am looking for a general about possible effects in 2D Games and about general design of modern 2D gaming. I have programmed several smaller games over the years and also read books like "Golden Rules of Game Programming" by Martin Bronwlo. So I know how to implement games. What I am looking for are 2 things: Finishing touches such as effects like explosions, particles etc. Not how to make them, but how to design them so it looks right and cool. How to make a 2D game feel "more right" so that users get a satisfying gaming experience. I played a lot of 2D games but I could use some more advice.

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  • How many achievements should I include, and of what challenge?

    - by stephelton
    I know this question is fairy broad and subjective, but I'm wondering if there's been any published research into what an optimal number of achievements is and what kind of challenge they should present. The game this question directly relates to is a shoot-em-up, but an ideal answer is fairly theoretical. If there are there are too few achievements, or they are not challenging, I would expect they would fail in their goal to keep people playing. If there are too many, or they are unreasonably difficult, I would expect people to quickly give up. I personally witnessed the latter happening in Starcraft 2; a section of the achievements would have you win hundreds of games against their AI opponents (boring!)

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  • Problem with a* implementation in pygame

    - by piyush3dxyz
    Yesterday i decide to make RTS game in pygame(pygame is best).I figured out many components of RTS game like unit selecting,health,resources but only 1 thing i still not understand.. which is a* pathfinding in pygame... I also done little bit of research on wiki,articles and papers...but still cant figure out problem.... function A*(start,goal) closedset := the empty set // The set of nodes already evaluated. openset := {start} // The set of tentative nodes to be evaluated, initially containing the start node came_from := the empty map // The map of navigated nodes. g_score[start] := 0 // Cost from start along best known path. // Estimated total cost from start to goal through y. f_score[start] := g_score[start] + heuristic_cost_estimate(start, goal) while openset is not empty current := the node in openset having the lowest f_score[] value if current = goal return reconstruct_path(came_from, goal) remove current from openset add current to closedset for each neighbor in neighbor_nodes(current) if neighbor in closedset continue tentative_g_score := g_score[current] + dist_between(current,neighbor) if neighbor not in openset or tentative_g_score <= g_score[neighbor] came_from[neighbor] := current g_score[neighbor] := tentative_g_score f_score[neighbor] := g_score[neighbor] + heuristic_cost_estimate(neighbor, goal) if neighbor not in openset add neighbor to openset return failure here is the pseudocode for wiki a* implementation......

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  • GPU based procedual terrain borders?

    - by OnePie
    I'm working on a game that preferibly should feature a combination of designed and procedually generated terrain where the designer specifies in somewhat detailed terms what type of terrain a given area will have (grasslands, forest etc...) and then a precedual algorithm takes care of the rest. I'm not talking about minecraft style biomoes, but rather the game map for a strategy game. Each 'area' will not take up that much of the screen, and thus be more akin to a tile whose texture is procedually generated. While procedually generating terrain textures on the GPU are not that difficult, the hard part is making the borders between them look good. Currently, the 'tiles' are large enough to be visible (due to memory constraints mainly, we are talking planetary sized textures for a game taking place in space and on a continental ground view with seamless transitions between them) and creating good borders between them with an algorithm that is fast enough to be useful has proven difficult. Sampling the n-surrounding pixels and using the combiened result did not yield very good borders and was fairly slow on the GPU to boot (ca 12ms for me, that is without any lighning or shading and with very simple terrain texture shaders). So are there any practical known methods to solve this problem?

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  • How should I sort images in an isometric game so that they appear in the correct order?

    - by Andrew
    This seems like a rather simple problem but I am having a lot of difficulty with it. What should I do to properly sort images in an isometric game? In a normal 2d top-down game one could use the screen y axis to sort the images. In this example the trees are properly sorted but the isometric walls are not. Example image: sorted by screen y Wall2 is one pixel below wall1 therefore it is drawn after wall1. If I sort by the isometric y axis the walls appear in the correct order but the trees do not. Example image: sorted by isometric y

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