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• What do the "ALL"s in the line " %admin ALL=(ALL) ALL " in Ubuntu's /etc/sudoers file stand for?

  - by sri

  What does each ALL mean? I understand that the whole line indicates that the admin group members get admininstartive privileges, but would like to know more info about the position of the ALLS and if they each refer to a different set of permissions or something like that? $sudo cat /etc/sudoers ... # User privilege Information root ALL=(ALL) ALL #... %sudo ALL=(ALL) ALL # #includedir /etc/sudoers.d #Members of the admin group may gain root privileges %admin ALL=(ALL) ALL # If it matters: OS: Ubuntu : 10.4

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• How to find which programs are using up swap space.

  - by Echo

  How can I figure out which programs are using up swap space? My current memory usage is 2.9GiB out of 3.0GiB used(and I though I had 4GB, I need to check into that) and 1.3Gib of swap used.

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• How do I create yum repo file?

  - by max

  I know there is a previously asked question, but I still have some doubts so asking again. How do I create a yum repo file? I know that in the /etc/yum.repos.d/ I have to create .repo file. Below is the pattern: 1 [name ] 2 name= 3 baseurl= 4 enabled=1 5 gpgcheck=1 6 gpgkey= Here in the baseurl which link should I give? I'm fully confused about this. How do I get that baseurl link? Can anyone please explain to me clearly? I am using CentOS 6.2.

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• SSH + SAMBA + LDAP question

  - by Mejmo

  Hi, I have SSH + LDAP working (I can log to Server2 with credentials from LDAP server Server1). Now, I would like to add Samba server (Server3) and it would be nice if it authenticates the users like Server2. How can I achieve this ? As I see Samba schema and the schema used for storing Unix users are different. So if I change password in Samba schema, I would be able to log in with the old password. I need centralized storage of username/passwords. If I change it once in phpldapadmin, it means for samba and ssh. Thanks.

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• Howto detect fake RAM

  - by Michael

  I just bought a virtual server which should have 2GB of RAM. Now i got a server with 4gb which looks very strange to me. I think it is just a virtual RAM. dmidecode only ouputs /dev/mem: Operation not permitted How can i check if it's a real RAM or just a virtual one? free -m outputs: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 4093 364 3728 0 0 346 -/+ buffers/cache: 18 4074 Swap: 0 0 0 Output from cat /proc/user_beancounters Version: 2.5 uid resource held maxheld barrier limit failcnt 137: kmemsize 8922287 10194944 2145910784 2145910784 0 lockedpages 0 0 523904 523904 0 privvmpages 13387 59112 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 shmpages 769 785 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dummy 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numproc 22 54 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 physpages 93377 106010 0 1047808 0 vmguarpages 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 oomguarpages 2471 2473 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numtcpsock 5 21 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numflock 4 13 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numpty 1 1 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numsiginfo 0 39 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 tcpsndbuf 102592 381632 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 tcprcvbuf 81920 4820184 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 othersockbuf 4624 61632 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dgramrcvbuf 0 9248 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numothersock 39 56 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dcachesize 4178917 4232732 1072955392 1072955392 0 numfile 378 535 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dummy 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dummy 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dummy 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numiptent 24 24 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0

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• How to reduce Fedora's disk size in VMware player.

  - by user428862

  I'm new to Fedora 14, vmware player. After getting Fedora up and running in VMware player. The disk size was 2.7 GB. After three hours of working with it, the disk size has bloated to 4.3 GB. I havent added software to account for the near doubling in size. How do I reduce the size back to 2.7GB range or lower. Im new to Fedora and superuser controls. Im removing more software than adding software. Is this a VMWARE problem or Fedora problem?

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• Using u32 together with extension headers (how to jump over them?)

  - by bortzmeyer

  I'm trying to filter on some parts of the payload, for an IPv6 packet with extension headers (for instance Destination Options). ip6tables works fine with conditions like --proto udp or --dport 109, even when the packet has extension headers. Netfilter clearly knows how to jump over Destination Options to find the UDP header. Now, I would like to use the u32 module to match a byte in the payload (say "I want the third byte of the payload to be 42). If the packet has no extension headers something like --u32 "48&0x0000ff00=0x2800"` (48 = 40 bytes for the IPv6 header + 8 for the UDP header) works fine, If the packet has a Destination Options, it no longer matches. I would like to write a rule that will work whether the packet has Destination Options or not. I do not find a way to tell Netfilter to parse until the UDP header (something that it is able to do, otherwise --dport 109 would not work) then to leave u32 parse the rest. I'm looking for a simple way, otherwise, as BatchyX mentions, I could write a kernel module doing what I want.

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• Apache logs other user read permissions

  - by user2344668

  We have several developers who maintain the system and I want them to easily read the log files in /var/log/httpd without needing root access. I set the read permission for 'other' users but when I run tail on the log files I get permission denied: [root@ourserver httpd]# chmod -R go+r /var/log/httpd [root@ourserver httpd]# ls -la drwxr--r-- 13 root root 4096 Oct 25 03:31 . drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 Oct 20 03:24 .. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 20 03:24 oursite.com drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 20 03:24 oursite2.com -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 7 03:46 access_log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3446 Oct 24 22:05 error_log [me@ourserver ~]$ tail -f /var/log/httpd/oursite.com/error.log tail: cannot open `/var/log/httpd/oursite/error.log' for reading: Permission denied Maybe I'm missing something on how permissions work but I'm not finding any easy answers on it.

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• Please provide how to setup using VMware, AD [closed]

  - by user552585

  In my organisation we have more than 100 pcs and high configured 3 IBM servers. Now the senario is 300 employees with diff programmers like .Net,java,php etc. these employees use by these systems only in diff shifts without stop their work. I want all applications required them on every system and they have perticular id, Pw to login and i have to secure the organisation data and userdata to tamper or any thing by other users. Please provide how to setup using VMware, AD with MicroSoft environment with fully secured manner. please give brief explanation. Please help me

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• sa2 -A /var/log/sa/sa13: No such file or directory

  - by user53925

  I have systat version 7.0.2 and the /etc/sysconfig/sysstat has the entry HISTORY=27, this is on a redhat enterprise server 5.6, the cron setup for this is # run system activity accounting tool every minute * * * * * root /usr/lib64/sa/sa1 1 1 # generate a daily summary of process accounting at 23:53 53 23 * * * root /usr/lib64/sa/sa2 -A I get the following error from the cron sa2 -A find: /var/log/sa/sa13: No such file or directory, Looking at the directory /var/log/sa the files are created from sa01 through sa10 (sa1 created on sep1, sa2 created on sep2 and so on), then the rest of the files are from sa14 through to sa 31 (created from Aug 14 to Aug 31). I have not made any changes on the server so I am not sure why I am getting these error messages and is there a way to fix this?. Someone suggested creating empty files from sa11 through sa14 to fix this but I am not sure if this might mess up something .

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• Why does changing a truecrypt password take such a long time?

  - by Alex

  I am changing the password of a truecrypt file container. This takes around 1 minute. Why? time truecrypt --text --change /tmp/user1.tc --keyfiles= --new-keyfiles= --password=known --new-password=known --random-source=/dev/null" If I use strace I see that it basically does not do anything: it simply reads lots of random data from /dev/urandom (even if i specified /dev/null as random source) and finally changes the password: open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY) = 6 read(6, "\36&{\351\212\212\343\202\34\313\242\312I\326\235\245\224\300\354O)\270Q\200 \201J\227\224\311_\212\367"..., 640) = 640 close(6) = 0

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• CentOS 5 installation - GRUB installed on USB drive

  - by John

  Hi. I installed CentOS via unetbootin and USB stick. Unfortunately, I can not now start my system w/o my USB usb drive. Can someone provide me with some information how to fix this? Thanks.

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• Is there a proper way to clear logs?

  - by John H.

  I was wondering if there was a proper way to clear logs in general? I'm new to Ubuntu and I'm trying to set up Postfix. The log in question is /var/log/mail.log. I was wondering if there was a correct way to clear it, rather than me going in it and deleting all the lines and saving it. I find that sometimes errors don't get written to it immediately after I clear the log and save it. Side note: I'm having trouble setting up Postfix and am trying to make it easier for me to read the logs hoping it can help me out, instead of having to scroll all the way down.

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• Debian SMB share having permission issues in windows 7

  - by xxpor

  Hi Everyone, I setup a Debian squeeze server with samba. I then shared my /media directory with the following configuration: [media] comment=Hard Drives read only = no locking = no path = /media guest ok = yes browsable = yes directory mask = 0777 When the drives are mapped in Windows 7, the user can write to all of the subdirectories of media (sdb1, sdc1, etc), but cannot write to any folders that they create themselves in the subdirectories of media. For example, if the user mapped /media/sdb1 to Z:, and then creates a folder Z:\test, the folder is created successfully, but no files can be written to Z:\test. If the user ssh's into the server, they have no problems writing to these directories. I have included the screenshots, in order, of what happens on Windows. This samba share is mounted with ntfs-3g, if it makes a difference. Screenshots are here

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• Replacing every 10th pipe with new line in unix

  - by user327958

  Lets say I have fields: name, number, id I have a data file: name1|number1|id1|name2|number2|id2...etc I want to replace every 3rd pipe with a new line or '\n' so I get: name1|number1|id1 name2|number2|id2 I'm having no luck with awk or sed. I've tried the following, and variations of: awk '/"\|"/{c++;if(c==10){sub("\|","\n");c=0}}1' inputfile.txt sed 's/"|"/"\n"/2' inputfile.txt It tells me awk: syntax error near line 1 awk: illegal statement near line 1 awk: syntax error near line 1 awk: bailing out near line 1 Any help is greatly appreciated! EDIT: Thank you!

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• Syslog message '^@' indicates server crash

  - by user1456214

  The php-cgi's died on a vps I look after and the only syslog entry is this followed by me restarting the VM: ^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@ ^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@ ^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@ ^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@ ^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@ ^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@Jun 13 22:00:34 VM syslogd 1.5.0#5ubuntu4: restart. Everything before appears to be fine, and there's nothing in the php log even though php timing out was the most obvious symptom (nginx was returning 504s), any ideas how to debug this? Thanks, Jon

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• PHP5.3 FastCGI doesn't use global config's values

  - by mega.venik

  There's a Centos6.3 system. Apache 2.2.15 + mod_fcgid + PHP 5.3.3 There's a problem with date.timezone value. It's mentioned in the global /etc/php.ini like this: date.timezone = "Europe/Moscow" And doesn't mentioned in user's local php.ini. As a result, I'm getting lot's of warnings like: Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Helsinki' for 'EEST/3.0/DST' instead in ... Including the date.timezone parameter into the user's php.ini solves the problem, but I don't think, that it's the best solution. Maybe someone have faced this problem and can give an advice? Thanks! P.S. Creating /etc/php.d/timezone.ini with the timezone info aslo does nothing:(

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• Is it possible to have environment variables in the path of the working directory : PS1?

  - by mthpvg

  I am on Lubuntu and I am using bash. My PS1 (in .bashrc) is : PS1="\w> " I like it because I need to paste the working directory all the time. The problem is that the path is always very long and since I use terminator I only have half of my screen's width available to display it... it is ugly and annoying. My command prompt looks like that : /this/is/a/very/long/path/that/i/want/to/make/shorter > I'd like to set in my environment variables : $tiavl=/this/is/a/very/long And then I'll get : $tiavl/path/that/i/want/to/make/shorter > The goal is to have something shorter in the command prompt but I still want to be able to copy paste it and do : cd $tiavl/path/that/i/want/to/make/shorter It is a bit like with $HOME : ~/path/that/i/want/to/make/shorter > I know where I am and I can copy paste the ~. Thanks.

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• Vmware Workstation 10 connect remote server (Debian, Guest-Windows XP) Does not allow raw disk access nor shared folders

  - by Alex

  The setup: Ubuntu with local Vmware Workstation 10 (everything works locally) Connects(File- Connect to Server) Debian server with the same Vmware Workstation 10 (Windows XP Guest) Debian setup does not allow raw disk access nor shared folders (most options does not exist) No shared folder No physical disk option I use root user for this machine. Default install. I've tried to add shared folder from command line - it does not work. How to enable shared folders or raw disk access? I have created new Windows 8 64 bit template from scratch - I cannot use physical HDD either, and no SharedFolder option. I think this is something about security policy of remote server.

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• how can I change the domain and name server of a image?

  - by jpganz18

  I wonder if someone did the same, I create an image of a server, then I move it to another , and that other one will have a different domain, so, now I want to create and send mail with the new domain, still the other domain is the one who signs... I already changed the dovecot.cnf , postfix, apache and hosts file, but I cant find where is that domain comming from, any idea of where to look for? Thanks!

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• Writing directory: permission denied even though dir seems to be chmodded correctly

  - by Aron Rotteveel

  I am having some trouble creating files in directory on my Ubuntu machine: I added myself to the www-data group in order for me to easily edit stuff in my /var/www dir on my development machine. stat /var/www shows the following: File: ‘/var/www’ Size: 4096 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 map Device: 808h/2056d Inode: 142853 Links: 3 Access: (0775/drwxrwxr-x) Uid: ( 33/www-data) Gid: ( 33/www-data) Access: 2010-12-30 16:03:18.563998000 +0100 Modify: 2010-12-30 16:02:52.663998000 +0100 Change: 2010-12-30 16:03:13.111998001 +0100 Still, it is impossible for me to create anything below /var/www (the only way for it to work is to chmod it to 777. What am I missing?

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• How do I clear history of the bash logs? Also, do not log any of my users' bash logs?

  - by Alex

  How do I do that? I want to clear everything as well as not log anything from now on.

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• Sound in Ubuntu 10.04 guest VM in a Ubuntu 8.04 host is "slow". How to fix it?

  - by Somebody still uses you MS-DOS

  When I try to execute sound in Rythmbox, it's "slow". Not only Rythmbox, but system sounds are strange too (they look like they are "slow"). I've tried a workaround but without success. Anyone knows what this could be? I'm using Virtual Box 3.2.4 r62467.

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• Avoiding memory full -> swap full -> crash

  - by Noam

  I'm experiencing an issue when sometimes the memory gets 100% full, and the swap file also, and the server becomes non-responsive and has to be restarted (causing also problems in database). This is what Cacti shows: The server is running a web-app (database + apache) and during that specific moment didn't experience any ir-regular traffic or usage. This scenario happened twice in the last week. What can cause this? How can I resolve the issue?

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• Linux 3.7 sort en version stable : support de multiples plateformes ARM, améliorations de Btrfs, Ext4, TCP Fast Open et IPv6

  Linux 3.7 sort en version stable support de multiples plateformes ARM, améliorations de Btrfs, Ext4, TCP Fast Open et IPv6 Près de deux mois après la sortie du noyau Linux 3.6, Linus Torvalds, annonce la publication de la version stable de Linux 3.7, avec un nombre important de nouvelles fonctionnalités. La nouveauté vedette de cette mouture est sans aucun doute la proposition d'une version unique du Kernel capable de prendre en charge plusieurs architectures ARM. Bien que le support de toutes les plateformes ARM du marché ne soit pas complet, Linux 3.7 est compatible avec les plateformes populaires comme les processeurs Calxeda's Higbank ARM utilisés dans les serveurs Moo...

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