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  • How to represent a Board Panel in Java for a game ? [+code]

    - by FILIaS
    I wanna fix a 2D board for a game. I've already fixed other panels for the Gui and everything goes well. But the panel for the board cant be printed on the window. I'm a bit confused about it as i think i've followed the same ideas as for the others panels i need. Here's what i've done: EDIT:*EDIT* what i'm trying to do is fix a board panel for the game according to the dimensions of the it,hold every square in an array in order to use it after wherever it;s needed. I draw each little square of it with the method draw and put it back to the panel. So, each square on the board is a panel. This is the idea. But as u can see. There are troubles/errors on it. EDIT: code updated. just found a part of the problem. i thought first that i had set background to squared, but i didnt. with this one it appears on the panel a wide black "column". Unfortunately,still none squares. :( One More EDIT: Also,i realized that draw method is never called. when i put the draw method in the following method i can see the squares but they remain small. I redefine them with setSize but still no change. /** *Method used to construct the square in the area of the *gui's grid. In this stage a GUISquare array is being constructed, * used in the whole game as *a mean of changing a square graphical state. *@param squares is the squares array from whom the gui grid will be *constructed. *@see getSquare about the correspondance beetween a squareModel and * a GUISquare. */ private void initBoardPanel(SquareModel[][] squares){ BoardPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(height ,width )); //set layout SquareRenderer[][] Squares; JPanel[][] grid; Squares=new GUISquare[height][width()]; grid=new JPanel[height()][width()]; for (int i=0; i<height(); i++){ for (int j=0; j<width() ; j++){ grid[i][j] = new JPanel( ); SquareRenderer kout=new SquareRenderer(i,j); koutaki.setSquare(myGame.getSquares()[i][j]); if (myGame.getSquares()[i][j] instanceof SimpleSquareModel){ kout.draw(i,j,"");} else { kout.draw(i,j); } kout.setVisible(true); kout.setBackground(Color.BLACK); kout.setSize(50,50); Squares[i][j]= kout; grid[i][j].setSize(50,50); grid[i][j].setVisible(true); grid[i][j].setBackground(Color.BLACK); BoardPanel.add(kout); BoardPanel.setVisible(true); BoardPanel.setBackground(Color.WHITE); } } this.add(BoardPanel,BorderLayout.WEST); // this.pack(); //sets appropriate size for frame this.setVisible(true); //makes frame visible } IMPLEMENTED BY SQUARERENDERER: /** * Transformer for Snake/Ladder * <br>This method is used to display a square on the screen. */ public void draw(int i,int j) { JPanel panel = new JPanel(); panel.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); JLabel label1 = new JLabel("Move To"+myGame.getSquares()[i][j].getGoTo()); JLabel label2 = new JLabel(""+myGame.getSquares()[i][j].getSquare()); JSeparator CellSeparator = new JSeparator(orientation); panel.add(CellSeparator); panel.setForeground(Color.ORANGE); panel.add(label2, BorderLayout.NORTH); panel.add(label1, BorderLayout.CENTER); }

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  • How do I get through proxy server environments for non-standard services?

    - by Ripred
    I'm not real hip on exactly what role(s) today's proxy servers can play and I'm learning so go easy on me :-) I have a client/server system I have written using a homegrown protocol and need to enhance the client side to negotiate its way out of a proxy environment. I have an existing client and server system written in C and C++ for the speed and a small amount of MFC in the client to handle the user interface. I have written both the server and client side of the system on Windows (the people I work for are mainly web developers using Windows everything - not a choice) sticking to Berkeley Sockets as it were via wsock32 for efficiency. The clients connect to the server through a nonstandard port (even though using port 80 is an option to get out of some environments but the protocol that goes over it isn't HTTP). The TCP connection(s) stay open for the duration of the clients participation in real time conferences. Our customer base is expanding to all kinds of networked environments. I have been able to solve a lot of problems by adding the ability to connect securely over port 443 and using secure sockets which allows the protocol to pass through a lot environments since the internal packets can't be sniffed. But more and more of our customers are behind a proxy server environment and my direct connections don't make it through. My old school understanding of proxy servers is that they act as a proxy for external HTML content over HTTP, possibly locally caching popular material for faster local access, and also allowing their IT staff to blacklist certain destination sites. Customer are complaining that my software doesn't recognize and easily navigate its way through their proxy environments but I'm finding it difficult to decide what my "best fit" solution should be. My software doesn't tear down the connection after each client request, and on top of that packets can come from either side at any time, basically your typical custom client/server system for a specific niche. My first reaction is "why can't they just add my servers addresses to their white list" but if there is a programmatic way I can get through without requiring their IT staff to help it is politically better and arguably a better solution anyway. Plus maybe I'm still not understanding the role and purpose of what proxy servers and environments have grown to be these days. My first attempt at a solution was to use WinInet with its various proxy capabilities to establish a connection over port 80 to my non-standard protocol server (which knows enough to recognize and answer a simple HTTP-looking GET request and answer it with a simple HTTP response page to get around some environments that employ initial packet sniffing (DPI)). I retrieved the actual SOCKET handle behind WinInet's HINTERNET request object and had hoped to use that in place of my software's existing SOCKET connection and hopefully not need to change much more on the client side. It initially seemed to be my solution but on further inspection it seems that the OS gets first-chance at the received data on this socket since when I get notified of events via the standard select(...) statement on the socket and query the size of the data available via ioctlsocket the call succeeds but returns 0 bytes available, the reads don't work and it goes downhill from there. Can someone tell me of a client-side library (commercial is fine) will let me get past these proxy server environments with as little user and IT staff help as possible? From what I read it has grown past SOCKS and I figure someone has to have solved this problem before me. Thanks for reading my long-winded question, Ripred

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  • Increasing speed of python code

    - by Curious2learn
    Hi, I have some python code that has many classes. I used cProfile to find that the total time to run the program is 68 seconds. I found that the following function in a class called Buyers takes about 60 seconds of those 68 seconds. I have to run the program about 100 times, so any increase in speed will help. Can you suggest ways to increase the speed by modifying the code? If you need more information that will help, please let me know. def qtyDemanded(self, timePd, priceVector): '''Returns quantity demanded in period timePd. In addition, also updates the list of customers and non-customers. Inputs: timePd and priceVector Output: count of people for whom priceVector[-1] < utility ''' ## Initialize count of customers to zero ## Set self.customers and self.nonCustomers to empty lists price = priceVector[-1] count = 0 self.customers = [] self.nonCustomers = [] for person in self.people: if person.utility >= price: person.customer = 1 self.customers.append(person) else: person.customer = 0 self.nonCustomers.append(person) return len(self.customers) self.people is a list of person objects. Each person has customer and utility as its attributes. EDIT - responsed added ------------------------------------- Thanks so much for the suggestions. Here is the response to some questions and suggestions people have kindly made. I have not tried them all, but will try others and write back later. (1) @amber - the function is accessed 80,000 times. (2) @gnibbler and others - self.people is a list of Person objects in memory. Not connected to a database. (3) @Hugh Bothwell cumtime taken by the original function - 60.8 s (accessed 80000 times) cumtime taken by the new function with local function aliases as suggested - 56.4 s (accessed 80000 times) (4) @rotoglup and @Martin Thomas I have not tried your solutions yet. I need to check the rest of the code to see the places where I use self.customers before I can make the change of not appending the customers to self.customers list. But I will try this and write back. (5) @TryPyPy - thanks for your kind offer to check the code. Let me first read a little on the suggestions you have made to see if those will be feasible to use. EDIT 2 Some suggested that since I am flagging the customers and noncustomers in the self.people, I should try without creating separate lists of self.customers and self.noncustomers using append. Instead, I should loop over the self.people to find the number of customers. I tried the following code and timed both functions below f_w_append and f_wo_append. I did find that the latter takes less time, but it is still 96% of the time taken by the former. That is, it is a very small increase in the speed. @TryPyPy - The following piece of code is complete enough to check the bottleneck function, in case your offer is still there to check it with other compilers. Thanks again to everyone who replied. import numpy class person(object): def __init__(self, util): self.utility = util self.customer = 0 class population(object): def __init__(self, numpeople): self.people = [] self.cus = [] self.noncus = [] numpy.random.seed(1) utils = numpy.random.uniform(0, 300, numpeople) for u in utils: per = person(u) self.people.append(per) popn = population(300) def f_w_append(): '''Function with append''' P = 75 cus = [] noncus = [] for per in popn.people: if per.utility >= P: per.customer = 1 cus.append(per) else: per.customer = 0 noncus.append(per) return len(cus) def f_wo_append(): '''Function without append''' P = 75 for per in popn.people: if per.utility >= P: per.customer = 1 else: per.customer = 0 numcustomers = 0 for per in popn.people: if per.customer == 1: numcustomers += 1 return numcustomers

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  • Add options to select box without Internet Explorer closing the box?

    - by Paul Colby
    Hi, I'm trying to build a web page with a number of drop-down select boxes that load their options asynchronously when the box is first opened. This works very well under Firefox, but not under Internet Explorer. Below is a small example of what I'm trying to achieve. Basically, there is a select box (with the id "selectBox"), which contains just one option ("Any"). Then there is an onmousedown handler that loads the other options when the box is clicked. <html> <head> <script type="text/javascript"> function appendOption(select,option) { try { selectBox.add(option,null); // Standards compliant. } catch (e) { selectBox.add(option); // IE only version. } } function loadOptions() { // Simulate an AJAX request that will call the // loadOptionsCallback function after 500ms. setTimeout(loadOptionsCallback,500); } function loadOptionsCallback() { var selectBox = document.getElementById('selectBox'); var option = document.createElement('option'); option.text = 'new option'; appendOption(selectBox,option); } </script> </head> <body> <select id="selectBox" onmousedown="loadOptions();"> <option>Any</option> </select> </body> </html> The desired behavior (which Firefox does) is: the user see's a closed select box containing "Any". the user clicks on the select box. the select box opens to reveal the one and only option ("Any"). 500ms later (or when the AJAX call has returned) the dropped-down list expands to include the new options (hard coded to 'new option' in this example). So that's exactly what Firefox does, which is great. However, in Internet Explorer, as soon as the new option is added in "4" the browser closes the select box. The select box does contain the correct options, but the box is closed, requiring the user to click to re-open it. So, does anyone have any suggestions for how I can load the select control's options asynchronously without IE closing the drop-down box? I know that I can load the list before the box is even clicked, but the real form I'm developing contains many such select boxes, which are all interrelated, so it will be much better for both the client and server if I can load each set of options only when needed. Also, if the results are loaded synchronously, before the select box's onmousedown handler completes, then IE will show the full list as expected - however, synchronous loading is a bad idea here, since it will completely "lock" the browser while the network requests are taking place. Finally, I've also tried using IE's click() method to open the select box once the new options have been added, but that does not re-open the select box. Any ideas or suggestions would be really appreciated!! :) Thanks! Paul.

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  • Update UI from an event with a thread

    - by tyrone-tudehope
    Im working on a small application to try out an idea that I have. The idea is to periodically update the UI when event of some sort occurs. In the demo I've created, I'm updating a ProgressDialog every 2 seconds for 15 turns. The problem I am having, which I don't quite understand is that when an event is handled, I send a message to the handler which is supposed to update the message in the ProgressDialog. When this happens however, I get an exception which states that I can't update the UI from that thread. The following code appears in my Activity: ProgressDialog diag; String diagMessage = "Started loading..."; final static int MESSAGE_DATA_RECEIVED = 0; final static int MESSAGE_RECEIVE_COMPLETED = 1; final Handler handler = new Handler(){ @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg){ diag.setMessage(diagMessage); switch(msg.what){ case MESSAGE_DATA_RECEIVED: break; case MESSAGE_RECEIVE_COMPLETED: dismissDialog(); killDialog(); break; } } }; Boolean isRunning = false; /** * Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setupDialog(); if(isRunning){ showDialog(); } setContentView(R.layout.main); } void setupDialog(){ if(diag == null){ diag = new ProgressDialog(ThreadLoading.this); diag.setMessage(diagMessage); } } void showDialog(){ isRunning = true; if(diag != null && !diag.isShowing()){ diag.show(); } } void dismissDialog(){ if(diag != null && diag.isShowing()){ diag.dismiss(); } } void killDialog(){ isRunning = false; } public void onStart(){ super.onStart(); showDialog(); Thread background = new Thread(new Runnable(){ public void run(){ try{ final ThreadRunner tr = new ThreadRunner(); tr.setOnDataReceivedListener(new ThreadRunner.OnDataReceivedListener(){ public void onDataReceived(String message){ diagMessage = message; handler.handleMessage(handler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_DATA_RECEIVED)); } }); tr.setOnDataDownloadCompletedEventListener(new ThreadRunner.OnDataDownloadCompletedListener(){ public void onDataDownloadCompleted(String message){ diagMessage = message; handler.handleMessage(handler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_RECEIVE_COMPLETED)); } }); tr.runProcess(); } catch(Throwable t){ throw new RuntimeException(t); } } }); background.start(); } @Override public void onPause(){ super.onPause(); dismissDialog(); } For curiosity sake, here's the code for the ThreadRunner class: public interface OnDataReceivedListener { public void onDataReceived(String message); } public interface OnDataDownloadCompletedListener { public void onDataDownloadCompleted(String message); } private OnDataReceivedListener onDataReceivedEventListener; private OnDataDownloadCompletedListener onDataDownloadCompletedEventListener; int maxLoop = 15; int loopCount = 0; int sleepTime = 2000; public void setOnDataReceivedListener(OnDataReceivedListener onDataReceivedListener){ this.onDataReceivedEventListener = onDataReceivedListener; } public void setOnDataDownloadCompletedEventListener(OnDataDownloadCompletedListener onDataDownloadCompletedListener){ this.onDataDownloadCompletedEventListener = onDataDownloadCompletedListener; } public void runProcess(){ for(loopCount = 0; loopCount < maxLoop; loopCount++){ try{ Thread.sleep(sleepTime); onDataReceivedEventListener.onDataReceived(Integer.toString(loopCount)); } catch(Throwable t){ throw new RuntimeException(t); } } onDataDownloadCompletedEventListener.onDataDownloadCompleted("Download is completed"); } Am I missing something? The logic makes sense to me and it looks like everything should work, I'm using a handler to update the UI like it is recommended. Any help will be appreciated. Thanks, Tyrone P.S. I'm developing for Android 1.5

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  • "Attach or Add an entity that is not new...loaded from another DataContext. This is not supported."

    - by sah302
    Similar error as other questions, but not quite the same, I am not trying to attach anything. What I am trying to do is insert a new row into a linking table, specifically UserAccomplishment. Relations are set in LINQ to User and Accomplishment Tables. I have a generic insert function: Public Function insertRow(ByVal entity As ImplementationType) As Boolean If entity IsNot Nothing Then Dim lcfdatacontext As New LCFDataContext() Try lcfdatacontext.GetTable(Of ImplementationType)().InsertOnSubmit(entity) lcfdatacontext.SubmitChanges() lcfdatacontext.Dispose() Return True Catch ex As Exception Return False End Try Else Return False End If End Function If you try and give UserAccomplishment the two appropriate objects this will naturally crap out if either the User or Accomplishment already exist. It only works when both user and accomplishment don't exist. I expected this behavior. What does work is simply giving the userAccomplishment object a user.id and accomplishment.id and populating the rest of the fields. This works but is kind of awkward to use in my app, it would be much easier to simply pass in both objects and have it work out what already exists and what doesn't. Okay so I made the following (please ignore the fact that this is horribly inefficient because I know it is): Public Class UserAccomplishmentDao Inherits EntityDao(Of UserAccomplishment) Public Function insertLinkerObjectRow(ByVal userAccomplishment As UserAccomplishment) Dim insertSuccess As Boolean = False If Not userAccomplishment Is Nothing Then Dim userDao As New UserDao() Dim accomplishmentDao As New AccomplishmentDao() Dim user As New User() Dim accomplishment As New Accomplishment() 'see if either object already exists in db' user = userDao.getOneByValueOfProperty("Id", userAccomplishment.User.Id) accomplishment = accomplishmentDao.getOneByValueOfProperty("Id", userAccomplishment.Accomplishment.Id) If user Is Nothing And accomplishment Is Nothing Then 'neither the user or the accomplishment exist, both are new so insert them both, typical insert' insertSuccess = Me.insertRow(userAccomplishment) ElseIf user Is Nothing And Not accomplishment Is Nothing Then 'user is new, accomplishment is not new, so just insert the user, and the relation in userAccomplishment' Dim userWithExistingAccomplishment As New UserAccomplishment(userAccomplishment.User, userAccomplishment.Accomplishment.Id, userAccomplishment.LastUpdatedBy) insertSuccess = Me.insertRow(userWithExistingAccomplishment) ElseIf Not user Is Nothing And accomplishment Is Nothing Then 'user is not new, accomplishment is new, so just insert the accomplishment, and the relation in userAccomplishment' Dim existingUserWithAccomplishment As New UserAccomplishment(userAccomplishment.UserId, userAccomplishment.Accomplishment, userAccomplishment.LastUpdatedBy) insertSuccess = Me.insertRow(existingUserWithAccomplishment) Else 'both are not new, just add the relation' Dim userAccomplishmentBothExist As New UserAccomplishment(userAccomplishment.User.Id, userAccomplishment.Accomplishment.Id, userAccomplishment.LastUpdatedBy) insertSuccess = Me.insertRow(userAccomplishmentBothExist) End If End If Return insertSuccess End Function End Class Alright, here I basically check if the supplied user and accomplishment already exists in the db, and if so call an appropriate constructor that will leave whatever already exists empty, but supply the rest of the information so the insert can succeed. However, upon trying an insert: Dim result As Boolean = Me.userAccomplishmentDao.insertLinkerObjectRow(userAccomplishment) In which the user already exists, but the accomplishment does not (the 99% typical scenario) I get the error: "An attempt has been made to Attach or Add an entity that is not new, perhaps having been loaded from another DataContext. This is not supported." I have debugged this multiple times now and am not sure why this is occuring, if either User or Accomplishment exist, I am not including it in the final object to try to insert. So nothing appears to be attempted to be added. Even in debug, upon insert, the object was set to empty. So the accomplishment is new and the user is empty. 1) Why is it still saying that and how can I fix it ..using my current structure 2) Pre-emptive 'use repository pattern answers' - I know this way kind of sucks in general and I should be using the repository pattern. However, I can't use that in the current project because I don't have time to refactor that due to my non existence knowledge of it and time constraints. The usage of the app is going to so small that the inefficient use of datacontext's and what have you won't matter so much. I can refactor it once it's up and running, but for now I just need to 'push through' with my current structure. Edit: I also just tested this when having both already exists, and only insert each object's IDs into the table, that works. So I guess I could manually insert whichever object doesn't exist as a single insert, then put the ids only into the linking table, but I still don't know why when one object exists, and I make it empty, it doens't work.

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  • 3-way quicksort, question

    - by peiska
    I am trying to understand the 3-way radix Quicksort, and i dont understand why the the CUTOFF variable there? and the insertion method? public class Quick3string { private static final int CUTOFF = 15; // cutoff to insertion sort // sort the array a[] of strings public static void sort(String[] a) { // StdRandom.shuffle(a); sort(a, 0, a.length-1, 0); assert isSorted(a); } // return the dth character of s, -1 if d = length of s private static int charAt(String s, int d) { assert d >= 0 && d <= s.length(); if (d == s.length()) return -1; return s.charAt(d); } // 3-way string quicksort a[lo..hi] starting at dth character private static void sort(String[] a, int lo, int hi, int d) { // cutoff to insertion sort for small subarrays if (hi <= lo + CUTOFF) { insertion(a, lo, hi, d); return; } int lt = lo, gt = hi; int v = charAt(a[lo], d); int i = lo + 1; while (i <= gt) { int t = charAt(a[i], d); if (t < v) exch(a, lt++, i++); else if (t > v) exch(a, i, gt--); else i++; } // a[lo..lt-1] < v = a[lt..gt] < a[gt+1..hi]. sort(a, lo, lt-1, d); if (v >= 0) sort(a, lt, gt, d+1); sort(a, gt+1, hi, d); } // sort from a[lo] to a[hi], starting at the dth character private static void insertion(String[] a, int lo, int hi, int d) { for (int i = lo; i <= hi; i++) for (int j = i; j > lo && less(a[j], a[j-1], d); j--) exch(a, j, j-1); } // exchange a[i] and a[j] private static void exch(String[] a, int i, int j) { String temp = a[i]; a[i] = a[j]; a[j] = temp; } // is v less than w, starting at character d private static boolean less(String v, String w, int d) { assert v.substring(0, d).equals(w.substring(0, d)); return v.substring(d).compareTo(w.substring(d)) < 0; } // is the array sorted private static boolean isSorted(String[] a) { for (int i = 1; i < a.length; i++) if (a[i].compareTo(a[i-1]) < 0) return false; return true; } public static void main(String[] args) { // read in the strings from standard input String[] a = StdIn.readAll().split("\\s+"); int N = a.length; // sort the strings sort(a); // print the results for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) StdOut.println(a[i]); } } from http://www.cs.princeton.edu/algs4/51radix/Quick3string.java.html

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  • How to design a C / C++ library to be usable in many client languages?

    - by Brian Schimmel
    I'm planning to code a library that should be usable by a large number of people in on a wide spectrum of platforms. What do I have to consider to design it right? To make this questions more specific, there are four "subquestions" at the end. Choice of language Considering all the known requirements and details, I concluded that a library written in C or C++ was the way to go. I think the primary usage of my library will be in programs written in C, C++ and Java SE, but I can also think of reasons to use it from Java ME, PHP, .NET, Objective C, Python, Ruby, bash scrips, etc... Maybe I cannot target all of them, but if it's possible, I'll do it. Requirements It would be to much to describe the full purpose of my library here, but there are some aspects that might be important to this question: The library itself will start out small, but definitely will grow to enormous complexity, so it is not an option to maintain several versions in parallel. Most of the complexity will be hidden inside the library, though The library will construct an object graph that is used heavily inside. Some clients of the library will only be interested in specific attributes of specific objects, while other clients must traverse the object graph in some way Clients may change the objects, and the library must be notified thereof The library may change the objects, and the client must be notified thereof, if it already has a handle to that object The library must be multi-threaded, because it will maintain network connections to several other hosts While some requests to the library may be handled synchronously, many of them will take too long and must be processed in the background, and notify the client on success (or failure) Of course, answers are welcome no matter if they address my specific requirements, or if they answer the question in a general way that matters to a wider audience! My assumptions, so far So here are some of my assumptions and conclusions, which I gathered in the past months: Internally I can use whatever I want, e.g. C++ with operator overloading, multiple inheritance, template meta programming... as long as there is a portable compiler which handles it (think of gcc / g++) But my interface has to be a clean C interface that does not involve name mangling Also, I think my interface should only consist of functions, with basic/primitive data types (and maybe pointers) passed as parameters and return values If I use pointers, I think I should only use them to pass them back to the library, not to operate directly on the referenced memory For usage in a C++ application, I might also offer an object oriented interface (Which is also prone to name mangling, so the App must either use the same compiler, or include the library in source form) Is this also true for usage in C# ? For usage in Java SE / Java EE, the Java native interface (JNI) applies. I have some basic knowledge about it, but I should definitely double check it. Not all client languages handle multithreading well, so there should be a single thread talking to the client For usage on Java ME, there is no such thing as JNI, but I might go with Nested VM For usage in Bash scripts, there must be an executable with a command line interface For the other client languages, I have no idea For most client languages, it would be nice to have kind of an adapter interface written in that language. I think there are tools to automatically generate this for Java and some others For object oriented languages, it might be possible to create an object oriented adapter which hides the fact that the interface to the library is function based - but I don't know if its worth the effort Possible subquestions is this possible with manageable effort, or is it just too much portability? are there any good books / websites about this kind of design criteria? are any of my assumptions wrong? which open source libraries are worth studying to learn from their design / interface / souce? meta: This question is rather long, do you see any way to split it into several smaller ones? (If you reply to this, do it as a comment, not as an answer)

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  • How can I tell the size of my app during development?

    - by Newbyman
    My programming decissions are directly related to how much room I have left, or worse perhaps how much I need to shave off in order to get up the 10mb limit. I have read that Apple has quietly increased the 3G & Edge download limit from 10mb up to 20mb in preparation for the iPad in April. Either way, my real question is how can I gauge a rough estimate of how large my app will end while I'm still in the development phase? Is the file size of my development folder roughly 1 to 1 ratio? Is the compressed file size of my development a better approximation? My .xcodeproj file is only a couple hundred kB, but the size of my folder is 11.8 MB. I have a .sqlite database, less than 20 small png images and a Settings.Bundle. The rest are unknown Xcode files related to build, build for iphoneOS, simulator etc.... My source code is rather large with around 1000 lines in most of the major controllers, all in all around 48 .h&.m files. But my classes folder inside my development folder is less than 800kb. Digging around inside my Build file, there is lots of iphone simulator files and debugging files which I don't think will contribute to the final product. The Application file states that it is around 2.3 MB. However, this is such a large difference from the 11.8 MB, I have to wonder if this is just another piece of the equation. I have the app on the my device, I'm in the testing phase. Therefore, I though that I would try to see how large the working version was on the device by checking in iTunes, however my development app is visible on the right-hand the application's iphone screen, but no information about the app most importantly its size. I also checked in Organizer, I used the lower portion of the screen-(Applications), found my application and selected the drop down arrow which gave my "Application Data" and a download arrow button to the right to save a file on my desktop, named with the unique AppleID. Inside the folder it had three folders-(documents, library, tmp) the documents had a copy of my .sqlite database, the library a few more files but not anything obvious or of size, and the tmp was empty. All in all the entire folder was only 164kb-which tells me that this is not the right place to find the size either. I understand that the size is considered to be the size of my binary plus all the additional files and images that I have add. Does anyone have a effective way of guaging how large the binary is or the relating the development folder size to what the final App Store application size will end up. I know that questions have been posted with similar aspects, but I could not find any answered post that really described...what files, or how to determine size specifically. I know that this question looks like a book, but I just wanted to be specific in conveying exactly what I'm looking for and the attempts thus far. *Note all files are unzipped and still in regular working Xcode order of a single app with no brought-in builds or referenced projects. I'm sure that this is straight forward, I just don't know where to look?

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  • evaluating cost/benefits of using extension methods in C# => 3.0

    - by BillW
    Hi, In what circumstances (usage scenarios) would you choose to write an extension rather than sub-classing an object ? < full disclosure : I am not an MS employee; I do not know Mitsu Furota personally; I do know the author of the open-source Componax library mentioned here, but I have no business dealings with him whatsoever; I am not creating, or planning to create any commercial product using extensions : in sum : this post is from pure intellectal curiousity related to my trying to (continually) become aware of "best practices" I find the idea of extension methods "cool," and obviously you can do "far-out" things with them as in the many examples you can in Mitsu Furota's (MS) blog postslink text. A personal friend wrote the open-source Componax librarylink text, and there's some remarkable facilities in there; but he is in complete command of his small company with total control over code guidelines, and every line of code "passes through his hands." While this is speculation on my part : I think/guess other issues might come into play in a medium-to-large software team situation re use of Extensions. Looking at MS's guidelines at link text, you find : In general, you will probably be calling extension methods far more often than implementing your own. ... In general, we recommend that you implement extension methods sparingly and only when you have to. Whenever possible, client code that must extend an existing type should do so by creating a new type derived from the existing type. For more information, see Inheritance (C# Programming Guide). ... When the compiler encounters a method invocation, it first looks for a match in the type's instance methods. If no match is found, it will search for any extension methods that are defined for the type, and bind to the first extension method that it finds. And at Ms's link text : Extension methods present no specific security vulnerabilities. They can never be used to impersonate existing methods on a type, because all name collisions are resolved in favor of the instance or static method defined by the type itself. Extension methods cannot access any private data in the extended class. Factors that seem obvious to me would include : I assume you would not write an extension unless you expected it be used very generally and very frequently. On the other hand : couldn't you say the same thing about sub-classing ? Knowing we can compile them into a seperate dll, and add the compiled dll, and reference it, and then use the extensions : is "cool," but does that "balance out" the cost inherent in the compiler first having to check to see if instance methods are defined as described above. Or the cost, in case of a "name clash," of using the Static invocation methods to make sure your extension is invoked rather than the instance definition ? How frequent use of Extensions would affect run-time performance or memory use : I have no idea. So, I'd appreciate your thoughts, or knowing about how/when you do, or don't do, use Extensions, compared to sub-classing. thanks, Bill

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  • Why doesn't my QsciLexerCustom subclass work in PyQt4 using QsciScintilla?

    - by Jon Watte
    My end goal is to get Erlang syntax highlighting in QsciScintilla using PyQt4 and Python 2.6. I'm running on Windows 7, but will also need Ubuntu support. PyQt4 is missing the necessary wrapper code for the Erlang lexer/highlighter that "base" scintilla has, so I figured I'd write a lightweight one on top of QsciLexerCustom. It's a little bit problematic, because the Qsci wrapper seems to really want to talk about line+index rather than offset-from-start when getting/setting subranges of text. Meanwhile, the lexer gets arguments as offset-from-start. For now, I get a copy of the entire text, and split that up as appropriate. I have the following lexer, and I apply it with setLexer(). It gets all the appropriate calls when I open a new file and sets this as the lexer, and prints a bunch of appropriate lines based on what it's doing... but there is no styling in the document. I tried making all the defined styles red, and the document is still stubbornly black-on-white, so apparently the styles don't really "take effect" What am I doing wrong? If nobody here knows, what's the appropriate discussion forum where people might actually know these things? (It's an interesting intersection between Python, Qt and Scintilla, so I imagine the set of people who would know is small) Let's assume prefs.declare() just sets up a dict that returns the value for the given key (I've verified this -- it's not the problem). Let's assume scintilla is reasonably properly constructed into its host window QWidget. Specifically, if I apply a bundled lexer (such as QsciLexerPython), it takes effect and does show styled text. prefs.declare('font.name.margin', "MS Dlg") prefs.declare('font.size.margin', 8) prefs.declare('font.name.code', "Courier New") prefs.declare('font.size.code', 10) prefs.declare('color.editline', "#d0e0ff") class LexerErlang(Qsci.QsciLexerCustom): def __init__(self, obj = None): Qsci.QsciLexerCustom.__init__(self, obj) self.sci = None self.plainFont = QtGui.QFont() self.plainFont.setPointSize(int(prefs.get('font.size.code'))) self.plainFont.setFamily(prefs.get('font.name.code')) self.marginFont = QtGui.QFont() self.marginFont.setPointSize(int(prefs.get('font.size.code'))) self.marginFont.setFamily(prefs.get('font.name.margin')) self.boldFont = QtGui.QFont() self.boldFont.setPointSize(int(prefs.get('font.size.code'))) self.boldFont.setFamily(prefs.get('font.name.code')) self.boldFont.setBold(True) self.styles = [ Qsci.QsciStyle(0, QtCore.QString("base"), QtGui.QColor("#000000"), QtGui.QColor("#ffffff"), self.plainFont, True), Qsci.QsciStyle(1, QtCore.QString("comment"), QtGui.QColor("#008000"), QtGui.QColor("#eeffee"), self.marginFont, True), Qsci.QsciStyle(2, QtCore.QString("keyword"), QtGui.QColor("#000080"), QtGui.QColor("#ffffff"), self.boldFont, True), Qsci.QsciStyle(3, QtCore.QString("string"), QtGui.QColor("#800000"), QtGui.QColor("#ffffff"), self.marginFont, True), Qsci.QsciStyle(4, QtCore.QString("atom"), QtGui.QColor("#008080"), QtGui.QColor("#ffffff"), self.plainFont, True), Qsci.QsciStyle(5, QtCore.QString("macro"), QtGui.QColor("#808000"), QtGui.QColor("#ffffff"), self.boldFont, True), Qsci.QsciStyle(6, QtCore.QString("error"), QtGui.QColor("#000000"), QtGui.QColor("#ffd0d0"), self.plainFont, True), ] print("LexerErlang created") def description(self, ix): for i in self.styles: if i.style() == ix: return QtCore.QString(i.description()) return QtCore.QString("") def setEditor(self, sci): self.sci = sci Qsci.QsciLexerCustom.setEditor(self, sci) print("LexerErlang.setEditor()") def styleText(self, start, end): print("LexerErlang.styleText(%d,%d)" % (start, end)) lines = self.getText(start, end) offset = start self.startStyling(offset, 0) print("startStyling()") for i in lines: if i == "": self.setStyling(1, self.styles[0]) print("setStyling(1)") offset += 1 continue if i[0] == '%': self.setStyling(len(i)+1, self.styles[1]) print("setStyling(%)") offset += len(i)+1 continue self.setStyling(len(i)+1, self.styles[0]) print("setStyling(n)") offset += len(i)+1 def getText(self, start, end): data = self.sci.text() print("LexerErlang.getText(): " + str(len(data)) + " chars") return data[start:end].split('\n') Applied to the QsciScintilla widget as follows: _lexers = { 'erl': (Q.SCLEX_ERLANG, LexerErlang), 'hrl': (Q.SCLEX_ERLANG, LexerErlang), 'html': (Q.SCLEX_HTML, Qsci.QsciLexerHTML), 'css': (Q.SCLEX_CSS, Qsci.QsciLexerCSS), 'py': (Q.SCLEX_PYTHON, Qsci.QsciLexerPython), 'php': (Q.SCLEX_PHP, Qsci.QsciLexerHTML), 'inc': (Q.SCLEX_PHP, Qsci.QsciLexerHTML), 'js': (Q.SCLEX_CPP, Qsci.QsciLexerJavaScript), 'cpp': (Q.SCLEX_CPP, Qsci.QsciLexerCPP), 'h': (Q.SCLEX_CPP, Qsci.QsciLexerCPP), 'cxx': (Q.SCLEX_CPP, Qsci.QsciLexerCPP), 'hpp': (Q.SCLEX_CPP, Qsci.QsciLexerCPP), 'c': (Q.SCLEX_CPP, Qsci.QsciLexerCPP), 'hxx': (Q.SCLEX_CPP, Qsci.QsciLexerCPP), 'tpl': (Q.SCLEX_CPP, Qsci.QsciLexerCPP), 'xml': (Q.SCLEX_XML, Qsci.QsciLexerXML), } ... inside my document window class ... def addContentsDocument(self, contents, title): handler = self.makeScintilla() handler.title = title sci = handler.sci sci.append(contents) self.tabWidget.addTab(sci, title) self.tabWidget.setCurrentWidget(sci) self.applyLexer(sci, title) EventBus.bus.broadcast('command.done', {'text': 'Opened ' + title}) return handler def applyLexer(self, sci, title): (language, lexer) = language_and_lexer_from_title(title) if lexer: l = lexer() print("making lexer: " + str(l)) sci.setLexer(l) else: print("setting lexer by id: " + str(language)) sci.SendScintilla(Qsci.QsciScintillaBase.SCI_SETLEXER, language) linst = sci.lexer() print("lexer: " + str(linst)) def makeScintilla(self): sci = Qsci.QsciScintilla() sci.setUtf8(True) sci.setTabIndents(True) sci.setIndentationsUseTabs(False) sci.setIndentationWidth(4) sci.setMarginsFont(self.smallFont) sci.setMarginWidth(0, self.smallFontMetrics.width('00000')) sci.setFont(self.monoFont) sci.setAutoIndent(True) sci.setBraceMatching(Qsci.QsciScintilla.StrictBraceMatch) handler = SciHandler(sci) self.handlers[sci] = handler sci.setMarginLineNumbers(0, True) sci.setCaretLineVisible(True) sci.setCaretLineBackgroundColor(QtGui.QColor(prefs.get('color.editline'))) return handler Let's assume the rest of the application works, too (because it does :-)

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  • Help with Silverlight Sockets and Message delivery

    - by pixel3cs
    There are 4 months since I stopped developing my Silverlight Multiplayer Chess game. The problem was a bug wich I couldn't reproduce. Sice I got some free time this week I managed to discover the problem and I am now able to reproduce the bug. It seems that if I send 10 messages from client, one after another, with no delay between them, just like in the below example // when I press Enter, the client will 10 messages with no delay between them private void textBox_KeyDown(object sender, KeyEventArgs e) { if (e.Key == Key.Enter && textBox.Text.Length > 0) { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { MessageBuilder mb = new MessageBuilder(); mb.Writer.Write((byte)GameCommands.NewChatMessageInTable); mb.Writer.Write(string.Format("{0}{2}: {1}", ClientVars.PlayerNickname, textBox.Text, i)); SendChatMessageEvent(mb.GetMessage()); //System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(100); } textBox.Text = string.Empty; } } // the method used by client to send a message to server public void SendData(Message message) { if (socket.Connected) { SocketAsyncEventArgs myMsg = new SocketAsyncEventArgs(); myMsg.RemoteEndPoint = socket.RemoteEndPoint; byte[] buffer = message.Buffer; myMsg.SetBuffer(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); socket.SendAsync(myMsg); } else { string err = "Server does not respond. You are disconnected."; socket.Close(); uiContext.Post(this.uiClient.ProcessOnErrorData, err); } } // the method used by server to receive data from client private void OnDataReceived(IAsyncResult async) { ClientSocketPacket client = async.AsyncState as ClientSocketPacket; int count = 0; try { if (client.Socket.Connected) count = client.Socket.EndReceive(async); // THE PROBLEM IS HERE // IF SERVER WAS RECEIVE ALL MESSAGES SEPARATELY, ONE BY ONE, THE COUNT // WAS ALWAYS 15, BUT BECAUSE THE SERVER RECEIVE 3 MESSAGES IN 1, THE COUNT // IS SOMETIME 45 } catch { HandleException(client); } client.MessageStream.Write(client.Buffer, 0, count); Message message; while (client.MessageStream.Read(out message)) { message.Tag = client; ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(new WaitCallback(this.processingThreadEvent.ServerGotData), message); totalReceivedBytes += message.Buffer.Length; } try { if (client.Socket.Connected) client.Socket.BeginReceive(client.Buffer, 0, client.Buffer.Length, 0, new AsyncCallback(OnDataReceived), client); } catch { HandleException(client); } } there are sent only 3 big messages, and every big message contain 3 or 4 small messages. This is not the behavior I want. If I put a 100 milliseconds delay between message delivery, everything is work fine, but in a real world scenario users can send messages to server even at 1 millisecond between them. Are there any settings to be done in order to make the client send only one message at a time, or Even if I receive 3 messages in 1, are they full messages all the time (I dont't want to receive 2.5 messages in one big message) ? because if they are, I can read them and treat this new situation

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  • test is null in the controller upon post

    - by user281180
    I have the following codes and the test value is always null in the controller after the post. What is wrong with the following code: Model: public class Suitcase { public string Color { get; set; } public string[] Size { get; set; } public List<string> Clothes { get; set; } public List<Test> test { get; set; } } public class Test { public string Name { get; set; } public int ID { get; set; } } The view: <fieldset> <legend>All about my baggage</legend> <div class="editor-label"> <%: Html.LabelFor(model => model.Color) %> </div> <div class="editor-field"> <%: Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.Color) %> </div> <br /> <div class="editor-label"> Width, Height, Depth: </div> <div class="editor-field"> ml.TextBoxFor(model => model.Depth, new { style = "width:50px;" })%> </div> <br /> <div class="editor-label">Suitcase Contents</div> <div class="editor-field"> <div id="clothes-editor"> Clothing Item: <input type="text" id="new-clothes-item" style="width:150px" /> <button id="add-clothes">Add to suitcase</button> </div> <b>Items currently in suitcase:</b> <ul id="clothes-list"> </ul> </div> <p> <button id="pack-it">Put on Baggage Carosel</button> </p> </fieldset> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript"> $(function () { $("button").button(); // allow users to add items to the suitcase $("#add-clothes").click(function () { var clothesText = $("#new-clothes-item"); $("#clothes-list").append("<li>" + clothesText.val() + "</li>"); clothesText.val("").focus(); }); // pack the suitcase up and send it to the baggage carosel...erm...controller $("#pack-it").click(function () { var clothesList = []; $("#clothes-list li").each(function () { clothesList.push($(this).text()) }); var SizeList = []; SizeList[0] = "Medium"; SizeList[1] = "Large"; SizeList[2] = "small"; var Data = new Object(); Data.test = []; var reading = {}; reading.Name = "Micheal" reading.ID = 123; Data.test[0] = reading; reading.Name = "Rowen" reading.ID = 1234; Data.test[1] = reading; $.ajax({ type: 'POST', traditional: true, data: { Color: $("#Color").val(), Size: SizeList, Clothes: clothesList, test: Data.test } }); }); }); </script> Controller: [HttpPost] public EmptyResult Suitcase(Suitcase lookWhatIPacked) { return new EmptyResult(); }

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  • jQuery - I'm getting unexpected outputs from a basic math formula.

    - by OllieMcCarthy
    Hi I would like to start by saying I'd greatly appreciate anyones help on this. I have built a small caculator to calculate the amount a consumer can save annually on energy by installing a ground heat pump or solar panels. As far as I can tell the mathematical formulas are correct and my client verified this yesterday when I showed him the code. Two problems. The first is that the calculator is outputting ridiculously large numbers for the first result. The second problem is that the solar result is only working when there are no zeros in the fields. Are there some quirks as to how one would write mathematical formulas in JS or jQuery? Any help greatly appreciated. Here is the link - http://www.olliemccarthy.com/test/johncmurphy/?page_id=249 And here is the code for the entire function - $jq(document).ready(function(){ // Energy Bill Saver // Declare Variables var A = ""; // Input for Oil var B = ""; // Input for Storage Heater var C = ""; // Input for Natural Gas var D = ""; // Input for LPG var E = ""; // Input for Coal var F = ""; // Input for Wood Pellets var G = ""; // Input for Number of Occupants var J = ""; var K = ""; var H = ""; var I = ""; // Declare Constants var a = "0.0816"; // Rate for Oil var b = "0.0963"; // Rate for NightRate var c = "0.0558"; // Rate for Gas var d = "0.1579"; // Rate for LPG var e = "0.121"; // Rate for Coal var f = "0.0828"; // Rate for Pellets var g = "0.02675"; // Rate for Heat Pump var x = "1226.4"; // Splittin up I to avoid error var S1 = ""; // Splitting up the calcuation for I var S2 = ""; // Splitting up the calcuation for I var S3 = ""; // Splitting up the calcuation for I var S4 = ""; // Splitting up the calcuation for I var S5 = ""; // Splitting up the calcuation for I var S6 = ""; // Splitting up the calcuation for I // Calculate H (Ground Sourced Heat Pump) $jq(".es-calculate").click(function(){ $jq(".es-result-wrap").slideDown(300); A = $jq("input.es-oil").val(); B = $jq("input.es-storage").val(); C = $jq("input.es-gas").val(); D = $jq("input.es-lpg").val(); E = $jq("input.es-coal").val(); F = $jq("input.es-pellets").val(); G = $jq("input.es-occupants").val(); J = ( A / a ) + ( B / b ) + ( C / c ) + ( D / d ) + ( E / e ) + ( F / f ) ; H = A + B + C + D + E + F - ( J * g ) ; K = ( G * x ) ; if ( A !== "0" ) { S1 = ( ( ( A / a ) / J ) * K * a ) ; } else { S1 = "0" ; } if ( B !== "0" ) { S2 = ( ( ( B / b ) / J ) * K * b ) ; } else { S2 = "0" ; } if ( C !== "0" ) { S3 = ( ( ( C / c ) / J ) * K * c ) ; } else { S3 = "0" ; } if ( D !== "0" ) { S4 = ( ( ( D / d ) / J ) * K * d ) ; } else { S4 = "0" ; } if ( E !== "0" ) { S5 = ( ( ( E / e ) / J ) * K * e ) ; } else { S5 = "0" ; } if ( F !== "0" ) { S6 = ( ( ( F / f ) / J ) * K * f ) ; } else { S6 = "0" ; } I = S1 + S2 + S3 + S4 + S5 + S6 ; if(!isNaN(H)) {$jq("span.es-result-span-h").text(H.toFixed(2));} else{$jq("span.es-result-span-h").text('Error: Please enter numerals only');} if(!isNaN(I)) {$jq("span.es-result-span-i").text(I.toFixed(2));} else{$jq("span.es-result-span-i").text('Error: Please enter numerals only');} }); });

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  • Advice on Factory Method

    - by heath
    Using php 5.2, I'm trying to use a factory to return a service to the controller. My request uri would be of the format www.mydomain.com/service/method/param1/param2/etc. My controller would then call a service factory using the token sent in the uri. From what I've seen, there are two main routes I could go with my factory. Single method: class ServiceFactory { public static function getInstance($token) { switch($token) { case 'location': return new StaticPageTemplateService('location'); break; case 'product': return new DynamicPageTemplateService('product'); break; case 'user' return new UserService(); break; default: return new StaticPageTemplateService($token); } } } or multiple methods: class ServiceFactory { public static function getLocationService() { return new StaticPageTemplateService('location'); } public static function getProductService() { return new DynamicPageTemplateService('product'); } public static function getUserService() { return new UserService(); } public static function getDefaultService($token) { return new StaticPageTemplateService($token); } } So, given this, I will have a handful of generic services in which I will pass that token (for example, StaticPageTemplateService and DynamicPageTemplateService) that will probably implement another factory method just like this to grab templates, domain objects, etc. And some that will be specific services (for example, UserService) which will be 1:1 to that token and not reused. So, this seems to be an ok approach (please give suggestions if it is not) for a small amount of services. But what about when, over time and my site grows, I end up with 100s of possibilities. This no longer seems like a good approach. Am I just way off to begin with or is there another design pattern that would be a better fit? Thanks. UPDATE: @JSprang - the token is actually sent in the uri like mydomain.com/location would want a service specific to loction and mydomain.com/news would want a service specific to news. Now, for a lot of these, the service will be generic. For instance, a lot of pages will call a StaticTemplatePageService in which the token is passed in to the service. That service in turn will grab the "location" template or "links" template and just spit it back out. Some will need DynamicTemplatePageService in which the token gets passed in, like "news" and that service will grab a NewsDomainObject, determine how to present it and spit that back out. Others, like "user" will be specific to a UserService in which it will have methods like Login, Logout, etc. So basically, the token will be used to determine which service is needed AND if it is generic service, that token will be passed to that service. Maybe token isn't the correct terminology but I hope you get the purpose. I wanted to use the factory so I can easily swap out which Service I need in case my needs change. I just worry that after the site grows larger (both pages and functionality) that the factory will become rather bloated. But I'm starting to feel like I just can't get away from storing the mappings in an array (like Stephen's solution). That just doesn't feel OOP to me and I was hoping to find something more elegant.

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  • Lock free multiple readers single writer

    - by dummzeuch
    I have got an in memory data structure that is read by multiple threads and written by only one thread. Currently I am using a critical section to make this access threadsafe. Unfortunately this has the effect of blocking readers even though only another reader is accessing it. There are two options to remedy this: use TMultiReadExclusiveWriteSynchronizer do away with any blocking by using a lock free approach For 2. I have got the following so far (any code that doesn't matter has been left out): type TDataManager = class private FAccessCount: integer; FData: TDataClass; public procedure Read(out _Some: integer; out _Data: double); procedure Write(_Some: integer; _Data: double); end; procedure TDataManager.Read(out _Some: integer; out _Data: double); var Data: TDAtaClass; begin InterlockedIncrement(FAccessCount); try // make sure we get both values from the same TDataClass instance Data := FData; // read the actual data _Some := Data.Some; _Data := Data.Data; finally InterlockedDecrement(FAccessCount); end; end; procedure TDataManager.Write(_Some: integer; _Data: double); var NewData: TDataClass; OldData: TDataClass; ReaderCount: integer; begin NewData := TDataClass.Create(_Some, _Data); InterlockedIncrement(FAccessCount); OldData := TDataClass(InterlockedExchange(integer(FData), integer(NewData)); // now FData points to the new instance but there might still be // readers that got the old one before we exchanged it. ReaderCount := InterlockedDecrement(FAccessCount); if ReaderCount = 0 then // no active readers, so we can safely free the old instance FreeAndNil(OldData) else begin /// here is the problem end; end; Unfortunately there is the small problem of getting rid of the OldData instance after it has been replaced. If no other thread is currently within the Read method (ReaderCount=0), it can safely be disposed and that's it. But what can I do if that's not the case? I could just store it until the next call and dispose it there, but Windows scheduling could in theory let a reader thread sleep while it is within the Read method and still has got a reference to OldData. If you see any other problem with the above code, please tell me about it. This is to be run on computers with multiple cores and the above methods are to be called very frequently. In case this matters: I am using Delphi 2007 with the builtin memory manager. I am aware that the memory manager probably enforces some lock anyway when creating a new class but I want to ignore that for the moment. Edit: It may not have been clear from the above: For the full lifetime of the TDataManager object there is only one thread that writes to the data, not several that might compete for write access. So this is a special case of MREW.

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  • Picking good first estimates for Goldschmidt division

    - by Mads Elvheim
    I'm calculating fixedpoint reciprocals in Q22.10 with Goldschmidt division for use in my software rasterizer on ARM. This is done by just setting the nominator to 1, i.e the nominator becomes the scalar on the first iteration. To be honest, I'm kind of following the wikipedia algorithm blindly here. The article says that if the denominator is scaled in the half-open range (0.5, 1.0], a good first estimate can be based on the denominator alone: Let F be the estimated scalar and D be the denominator, then F = 2 - D. But when doing this, I lose a lot of precision. Say if I want to find the reciprocal of 512.00002f. In order to scale the number down, I lose 10 bits of precision in the fraction part, which is shifted out. So, my questions are: Is there a way to pick a better estimate which does not require normalization? Also, is it possible to pre-calculate the first estimates so the series converges faster? Right now, it converges after the 4th iteration on average. On ARM this is about ~50 cycles worst case, and that's not taking emulation of clz/bsr into account, nor memory lookups. Here is my testcase. Note: The software implementation of clz on line 13 is from my post here. You can replace it with an intrinsic if you want. #include <stdio.h> #include <stdint.h> const unsigned int BASE = 22ULL; static unsigned int divfp(unsigned int val, int* iter) { /* Nominator, denominator, estimate scalar and previous denominator */ unsigned long long N,D,F, DPREV; int bitpos; *iter = 1; D = val; /* Get the shift amount + is right-shift, - is left-shift. */ bitpos = 31 - clz(val) - BASE; /* Normalize into the half-range (0.5, 1.0] */ if(0 < bitpos) D >>= bitpos; else D <<= (-bitpos); /* (FNi / FDi) == (FN(i+1) / FD(i+1)) */ /* F = 2 - D */ F = (2ULL<<BASE) - D; /* N = F for the first iteration, because the nominator is simply 1. So don't waste a 64-bit UMULL on a multiply with 1 */ N = F; D = ((unsigned long long)D*F)>>BASE; while(1){ DPREV = D; F = (2<<(BASE)) - D; D = ((unsigned long long)D*F)>>BASE; /* Bail when we get the same value for two denominators in a row. This means that the error is too small to make any further progress. */ if(D == DPREV) break; N = ((unsigned long long)N*F)>>BASE; *iter = *iter + 1; } if(0 < bitpos) N >>= bitpos; else N <<= (-bitpos); return N; } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { double fv, fa; int iter; unsigned int D, result; sscanf(argv[1], "%lf", &fv); D = fv*(double)(1<<BASE); result = divfp(D, &iter); fa = (double)result / (double)(1UL << BASE); printf("Value: %8.8lf 1/value: %8.8lf FP value: 0x%.8X\n", fv, fa, result); printf("iteration: %d\n",iter); return 0; }

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  • Beginner question: ArrayList can't seem to get it right! Pls help

    - by elementz
    I have been staring at this code all day now, but just can't get it right. ATM I am just pushing codeblocks around without being able to concentrate anymore, with the due time being within almost an hour... So you guys are my last resort here. I am supposed to create a few random balls on a canvas, those balls being stored within an ArrayList (I hope an ArrayList is suitable here: the alternative options to choose from were HashSet and HashMap). Now, whatever I do, I get the differently colored balls at the top of my canvas, but they just get stuck there and refuse to move at all. Apart from that I now get a ConcurrentModificationException, when running the code: java.util.ConcurrentModificationException at java.util.AbstractList$Itr.checkForComodification(AbstractList.java:372) at java.util.AbstractList$Itr.next(AbstractList.java:343) at BallDemo.bounce(BallDemo.java:109) Reading up on that exception, I found out that one can make sure ArrayList is accessed in a threadsafe manner by somehow synchronizing access. But since I have remember fellow students doing without synchronizing, my guess is, that it would actually be the wrong path to go. Maybe you guys could help me get this to work, I at least need those stupid balls to move ;-) /** * Simulate random bouncing balls */ public void bounce(int count) { int ground = 400; // position of the ground line System.out.println(count); myCanvas.setVisible(true); // draw the ground myCanvas.drawLine(50, ground, 550, ground); // Create an ArrayList of type BouncingBalls ArrayList<BouncingBall>balls = new ArrayList<BouncingBall>(); for (int i = 0; i < count; i++){ Random numGen = new Random(); // Creating a random color. Color col = new Color(numGen.nextInt(256), numGen.nextInt(256), numGen.nextInt(256)); // creating a random x-coordinate for the balls int ballXpos = numGen.nextInt(550); BouncingBall bBall = new BouncingBall(ballXpos, 80, 20, col, ground, myCanvas); // adding balls to the ArrayList balls.add(bBall); bBall.draw(); boolean finished = false; } for (BouncingBall bBall : balls){ bBall.move(); } } This would be the original unmodified method we got from our teacher, which only creates two balls: /** * Simulate two bouncing balls */ public void bounce() { int ground = 400; // position of the ground line myCanvas.setVisible(true); myCanvas.drawLine(50, ground, 550, ground); // draw the ground // crate and show the balls BouncingBall ball = new BouncingBall(50, 50, 16, Color.blue, ground, myCanvas); ball.draw(); BouncingBall ball2 = new BouncingBall(70, 80, 20, Color.red, ground, myCanvas); ball2.draw(); // make them bounce boolean finished = false; while(!finished) { myCanvas.wait(50); // small delay ball.move(); ball2.move(); // stop once ball has travelled a certain distance on x axis if(ball.getXPosition() >= 550 && ball2.getXPosition() >= 550) { finished = true; } } ball.erase(); ball2.erase(); } }

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  • Matrix Multiplication with Threads: Why is it not faster?

    - by prelic
    Hey all, So I've been playing around with pthreads, specifically trying to calculate the product of two matrices. My code is extremely messy because it was just supposed to be a quick little fun project for myself, but the thread theory I used was very similar to: #include <pthread.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define M 3 #define K 2 #define N 3 #define NUM_THREADS 10 int A [M][K] = { {1,4}, {2,5}, {3,6} }; int B [K][N] = { {8,7,6}, {5,4,3} }; int C [M][N]; struct v { int i; /* row */ int j; /* column */ }; void *runner(void *param); /* the thread */ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int i,j, count = 0; for(i = 0; i < M; i++) { for(j = 0; j < N; j++) { //Assign a row and column for each thread struct v *data = (struct v *) malloc(sizeof(struct v)); data->i = i; data->j = j; /* Now create the thread passing it data as a parameter */ pthread_t tid; //Thread ID pthread_attr_t attr; //Set of thread attributes //Get the default attributes pthread_attr_init(&attr); //Create the thread pthread_create(&tid,&attr,runner,data); //Make sure the parent waits for all thread to complete pthread_join(tid, NULL); count++; } } //Print out the resulting matrix for(i = 0; i < M; i++) { for(j = 0; j < N; j++) { printf("%d ", C[i][j]); } printf("\n"); } } //The thread will begin control in this function void *runner(void *param) { struct v *data = param; // the structure that holds our data int n, sum = 0; //the counter and sum //Row multiplied by column for(n = 0; n< K; n++){ sum += A[data->i][n] * B[n][data->j]; } //assign the sum to its coordinate C[data->i][data->j] = sum; //Exit the thread pthread_exit(0); } source: http://macboypro.com/blog/2009/06/29/matrix-multiplication-in-c-using-pthreads-on-linux/ For the non-threaded version, I used the same setup (3 2-d matrices, dynamically allocated structs to hold r/c), and added a timer. First trials indicated that the non-threaded version was faster. My first thought was that the dimensions were too small to notice a difference, and it was taking longer to create the threads. So I upped the dimensions to about 50x50, randomly filled, and ran it, and I'm still not seeing any performance upgrade with the threaded version. What am I missing here?

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  • Anything wrong with this function for comparing floats?

    - by Michael Borgwardt
    When my Floating-Point Guide was yesterday published on slashdot, I got a lot of flak for my suggested comparison function, which was indeed inadequate. So I finally did the sensible thing and wrote a test suite to see whether I could get them all to pass. Here is my result so far. And I wonder if this is really as good as one can get with a generic (i.e. not application specific) float comparison function, or whether I still missed some edge cases. import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse; import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue; import org.junit.Test; public class NearlyEqualsTest { public static boolean nearlyEqual(float a, float b) { final float epsilon = 0.000001f; final float absA = Math.abs(a); final float absB = Math.abs(b); final float diff = Math.abs(a-b); if (a*b==0) { // a or b or both are zero // relative error is not meaningful here return diff < Float.MIN_VALUE / epsilon; } else { // use relative error return diff / (absA+absB) < epsilon; } } /** Regular large numbers - generally not problematic */ @Test public void big() { assertTrue(nearlyEqual(1000000f, 1000001f)); assertTrue(nearlyEqual(1000001f, 1000000f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(10000f, 10001f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(10001f, 10000f)); } /** Negative large numbers */ @Test public void bigNeg() { assertTrue(nearlyEqual(-1000000f, -1000001f)); assertTrue(nearlyEqual(-1000001f, -1000000f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(-10000f, -10001f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(-10001f, -10000f)); } /** Numbers around 1 */ @Test public void mid() { assertTrue(nearlyEqual(1.0000001f, 1.0000002f)); assertTrue(nearlyEqual(1.0000002f, 1.0000001f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(1.0002f, 1.0001f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(1.0001f, 1.0002f)); } /** Numbers around -1 */ @Test public void midNeg() { assertTrue(nearlyEqual(-1.000001f, -1.000002f)); assertTrue(nearlyEqual(-1.000002f, -1.000001f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(-1.0001f, -1.0002f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(-1.0002f, -1.0001f)); } /** Numbers between 1 and 0 */ @Test public void small() { assertTrue(nearlyEqual(0.000000001000001f, 0.000000001000002f)); assertTrue(nearlyEqual(0.000000001000002f, 0.000000001000001f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(0.000000000001002f, 0.000000000001001f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(0.000000000001001f, 0.000000000001002f)); } /** Numbers between -1 and 0 */ @Test public void smallNeg() { assertTrue(nearlyEqual(-0.000000001000001f, -0.000000001000002f)); assertTrue(nearlyEqual(-0.000000001000002f, -0.000000001000001f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(-0.000000000001002f, -0.000000000001001f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(-0.000000000001001f, -0.000000000001002f)); } /** Comparisons involving zero */ @Test public void zero() { assertTrue(nearlyEqual(0.0f, 0.0f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(0.00000001f, 0.0f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(0.0f, 0.00000001f)); } /** Comparisons of numbers on opposite sides of 0 */ @Test public void opposite() { assertFalse(nearlyEqual(1.000000001f, -1.0f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(-1.0f, 1.000000001f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(-1.000000001f, 1.0f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(1.0f, -1.000000001f)); assertTrue(nearlyEqual(10000f*Float.MIN_VALUE, -10000f*Float.MIN_VALUE)); } /** * The really tricky part - comparisons of numbers * very close to zero. */ @Test public void ulp() { assertTrue(nearlyEqual(Float.MIN_VALUE, -Float.MIN_VALUE)); assertTrue(nearlyEqual(-Float.MIN_VALUE, Float.MIN_VALUE)); assertTrue(nearlyEqual(Float.MIN_VALUE, 0)); assertTrue(nearlyEqual(0, Float.MIN_VALUE)); assertTrue(nearlyEqual(-Float.MIN_VALUE, 0)); assertTrue(nearlyEqual(0, -Float.MIN_VALUE)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(0.000000001f, -Float.MIN_VALUE)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(0.000000001f, Float.MIN_VALUE)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(Float.MIN_VALUE, 0.000000001f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(-Float.MIN_VALUE, 0.000000001f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(1e20f*Float.MIN_VALUE, 0.0f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(0.0f, 1e20f*Float.MIN_VALUE)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(1e20f*Float.MIN_VALUE, -1e20f*Float.MIN_VALUE)); } }

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  • Using AJAX to display error message Ruby on Rails

    - by bgadoci
    I have built a blog using Ruby on Rails. New to both. I am implementing AJAX pretty effectively until I get to the error handling portion. I allow for comments on posts and do this by rendering a comment partial and remote form in the /views/posts/show.html.erb page. Upon successful save of a comment the show page is updated using views/comments/create.js.rjs and displays a flash notice. I am simply trying to flash a notice when it doesn't save. Searched around and worked this a bit on my own. Can't get it to fly. Here is my code: /views/posts/show.html.erb <div id="comments"> <%= render :partial => @post.comments %> <div id="notice"><%= flash[:notice] %></div> </div> <% remote_form_for [@post, Comment.new] do |f| %> <p> <%= f.label :body, "New Comment" %><br/> <%= f.text_area (:body, :class => "textarea") %> </p> <p> <%= f.label :name, "Name" %><br/> <%= f.text_field (:name, :class => "textfield") %> </p> <p> <%= f.label :email, "Email" %><br/> <%= f.text_field (:email, :class => "textfield") %> </p> <p><%= f.submit "Add Comment" %></p> <% end %> /views/comments/_comment.html.erb <% div_for comment do %> <div id="comment-wrapper"> <% if admin? %> <div id="comment-destroy"><%=link_to_remote "X", :url => [@post, comment], :method => :delete %></div> <% end %> <%= h(comment.body) %><br/><br/> <div class="small">Posted <%= time_ago_in_words(comment.created_at) %> ago by <%= h(comment.name) %> <% if admin? %> | <%= h(comment.email) %> <% end %></div> </div> <% end %> /views/comments/create.js.rjs page.insert_html :bottom, :comments, :partial => @comment page[@comment].visual_effect :highlight page[:new_comment].reset page.replace_html :notice, flash[:notice] flash.discard CommentsController#create def create @post = Post.find(params[:post_id]) @comment = @post.comments.create!(params[:comment]) respond_to do |format| if @comment.save flash[:notice] = "Thanks for adding this comment" format.html { redirect_to @post } format.js else flash[:notice] = "Make sure you include your name and a valid email address" format.html { redirect_to @post } format.js end end end

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  • Jaxb unmarshalls fixml object but all fields are null

    - by DUFF
    I have a small XML document in the FIXML format. I'm unmarshalling them using jaxb. The problem The process complete without errors but the objects which are created are completely null. Every field is empty. The fields which are lists (like the Qty) have the right number of object in them. But the fields of those objects are also null. Setup I've downloaded the FIXML schema from here and I've created the classes with xjc and the maven plugin. They are all in the package org.fixprotocol.fixml_5_0_sp2. I've got the sample xml in a file FIXML.XML <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <FIXML> <Batch> <PosRpt> <Pty ID="GS" R="22"/> <Pty ID="01" R="5"/> <Pty ID="6U8" R="28"> <Sub ID="2" Typ="21"/> </Pty> <Pty ID="GS" R="22"/> <Pty ID="6U2" R="2"/> <Instrmt ID="GHPKRW" SecTyp="FWD" MMY="20121018" MatDt="2012-10-18" Mult="1" Exch="GS" PxQteCcy="KJS" FnlSettlCcy="GBP" Fctr="0.192233298" SettlMeth="G" ValMeth="FWDC2" UOM="Ccy" UOMCCy="USD"> <Evnt EventTyp="121" Dt="2013-10-17"/> <Evnt EventTyp="13" Dt="2013-10-17"/> </Instrmt> <Qty Long="0.000" Short="22000000.000" Typ="PNTN"/> <Qty Long="0.000" Short="22000000.000" Typ="FIN"/> <Qty Typ="DLV" Long="0.00" Short="0.00" Net="0.0"/> <Amt Typ="FMTM" Amt="32.332" Ccy="USD"/> <Amt Typ="CASH" Amt="1" Rsn="3" Ccy="USD"/> <Amt Typ="IMTM" Amt="329.19" Ccy="USD"/> <Amt Typ="DLV" Amt="0.00" Ccy="USD"/> <Amt Typ="BANK" Amt="432.23" Ccy="USD"/> </PosRpt> Then I'm calling the unmarshaller with custom event handler which just throws an exception on a parse error. The parsing complete so I know there are no errors being generated. I'm also handling the namespace as suggested here // sort out the file String xmlFile = "C:\\FIXML.XML.xml"; System.out.println("Loading XML File..." + xmlFile); InputStream input = new FileInputStream(xmlFile); InputSource is = new InputSource(input); // create jaxb context JAXBContext jc = JAXBContext.newInstance("org.fixprotocol.fixml_5_0_sp2"); Unmarshaller unmarshaller = jc.createUnmarshaller(); // add event handler so jacB will fail on an error CustomEventHandler validationEventHandler = new CustomEventHandler(); unmarshaller.setEventHandler(validationEventHandler); // set the namespace NamespaceFilter inFilter = new NamespaceFilter("http://www.fixprotocol.org/FIXML-5-0-SP2", true); inFilter.setParent(SAXParserFactory.newInstance().newSAXParser().getXMLReader()); SAXSource source = new SAXSource(inFilter, is); // GO! JAXBElement<FIXML> fixml = unmarshaller.unmarshal(source, FIXML.class); The fixml object is created. In the above sample the Amt array will have five element which matches the number of amts in the file. But all the fields like ccy are null. I've put breakpoints in the classes created by xjc and none of the setters are ever called. So it appears that jaxb is unmarshalling and creating all the correct objects, but it's never calling the setters?? I'm completely stumped on this. I've seen a few posts that suggrest making sure the package.info file that was generated by xjc is in the packags and I've made sure that it's there. There are no working in the IDE about the generated code. Any help much appreciated.

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  • PostgreSQL triggers and passing parameters

    - by iandouglas
    This is a multi-part question. I have a table similar to this: CREATE TABLE sales_data ( Company character(50), Contract character(50), top_revenue_sum integer, top_revenue_sales integer, last_sale timestamp) ; I'd like to create a trigger for new inserts into this table, something like this: CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION add_contract() RETURNS VOID DECLARE myCompany character(50), myContract character(50), BEGIN myCompany = TG_ARGV[0]; myContract = TG_ARGV[1]; IF (TG_OP = 'INSERT') THEN EXECUTE 'CREATE TABLE salesdata_' || $myCompany || '_' || $myContract || ' ( sale_amount integer, updated TIMESTAMP not null, some_data varchar(32), country varchar(2) ) ;' EXECUTE 'CREATE TRIGGER update_sales_data BEFORE INSERT OR DELETE ON salesdata_' || $myCompany || '_' || $myContract || ' FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE update_sales_data( ' || $myCompany || ',' || $myContract || ', revenue);' ; END IF; END; $add_contract$ LANGUAGE plpgsql; CREATE TRIGGER add_contract AFTER INSERT ON sales_data FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE add_contract() ; Basically, every time I insert a new row into sales_data, I want to generate a new table where the name of the table will be defined as something like "salesdata_Company_Contract" So my first question is how can I pass the Company and Contract data to the trigger so it can be passed to the add_contract() stored procedure? From my stored procedure, you'll see that I also want to update the original sales_data table whenever new data is inserted into the salesdata_Company_Contract table. This trigger will do something like this: CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION update_sales_data() RETURNS trigger as $update_sales_data$ DECLARE myCompany character(50) NOT NULL, myContract character(50) NOT NULL, myRevenue integer NOT NULL BEGIN myCompany = TG_ARGV[0] ; myContract = TG_ARGV[1] ; myRevenue = TG_ARGV[2] ; IF (TG_OP = 'INSERT') THEN UPDATE sales_data SET top_revenue_sales = top_revenue_sales + 1, top_revenue_sum = top_revenue_sum + $myRevenue, updated = now() WHERE Company = $myCompany AND Contract = $myContract ; ELSIF (TG_OP = 'DELETE') THEN UPDATE sales_data SET top_revenue_sales = top_revenue_sales - 1, top_revenue_sum = top_revenue_sum - $myRevenue, updated = now() WHERE Company = $myCompany AND Contract = $myContract ; END IF; END; $update_sales_data$ LANGUAGE plpgsql; This will, of course, require that I pass several parameters around within these stored procedures and triggers, and I'm not sure (a) if this is even possible, or (b) practical, or (c) best practice and we should just put this logic into our other software instead of asking the database to do this work for us. To keep our table sizes down, as we'll have hundreds of thousands of transactions per day, we've decided to partition our data using the Company and Contract strings as part of the table names themselves so they're all very small in size; file IO for us is faster and we felt we'd get better performance. Thanks for any thoughts or direction. My thinking, now that I've written all of this out, is that maybe we need to write stored procedures where we pass our insert data as parameters, and call that from our other software, and have the stored procedure do the insert into "sales_data" then create the other table. Then, have a second stored procedure to insert new data into the salesdata_Company_Contract tables, where the table name is passed to the stored proc as a parameter, and again have that stored proc do the insert, then update the main sales_data table afterward. What approach would you take?

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  • A very strange problem related to Flash and Java

    - by Nitesh Panchal
    Hello, I have created one simple program for showing webcam of the user. It works absolutely fine when i am running without integrating it in my java web application. But as soon as i copy paste the same files in Netbeans 6.8 and try to run it. My swf file is visible but the buttons in it are totally unclickable. I get the message of allow or deny showing webcam but the buttons are not clickable. It makes my application totally useless. I thought it's a minor issue but now it's getting on my nerves. I am trying it since 3 hours but didn't find any solution. I don't think anybody faced this issue till now that's why can't seem to find any thread in any forum on it in google. I am using Netbeans 6.8, Ubuntu, Glassfish V3 and JSF. Thanks in advance :). UPDATE:- It works fine on Windows XP. Then what can be the problem with Ubuntu? Any kind of permission rights that i need to give? 2nd UPDATE:- I think this is bug with Flash. I found that this code doesn't work :- <object classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,0,0" id="VideoConferenceAdmin" align="middle"> <param name="allowScriptAccess" value="sameDomain" /> <param name="wmode" value="opaque"/> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="false" /> <param NAME="FlashVars" VALUE="rootIp=localhost&amp;userName=admin&amp;roomName=test" /> <param name="movie" value="Conference/VideoConference.swf" /><param name="quality" value="high" /> <embed src="Conference/VideoConference.swf" wmode="window" FlashVars="rootIp=localhost&amp;userName=test&amp;roomName=test" quality="high" width="600" height="500" name="VideoConference" align="middle" allowScriptAccess="sameDomain" allowFullScreen="false" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" /> </object> And this one works :- <object classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,0,0" id="VideoConferenceAdmin" align="middle"> <param name="allowScriptAccess" value="sameDomain" /> <param name="wmode" value="opaque"/> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="false" /> <param NAME="FlashVars" VALUE="rootIp=localhost&amp;userName=admin&amp;roomName=test" /> <param name="movie" value="Conference/VideoConference.swf" /><param name="quality" value="high" /> <embed src="Conference/VideoConference.swf" wmode="window" FlashVars="rootIp=localhost&amp;userName=test&amp;roomName=test" quality="high" name="VideoConference" align="middle" allowScriptAccess="sameDomain" allowFullScreen="false" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" /> </object> As you can see, just by removing the height and width attribute the panels of Flash settings work fine. I know you will find me funny but i am not. You can check out on your own if you don't trust me. Now, my question would be, can anybody tell me how do i set height and width of swf? I want it to be 600px width and 500px height. Even the style attribute doesn't work. Can i set height and width from within Flash? because without explicitly setting height and width, it looks very small. I think this should be very easy for all now. Thanks in advance :)

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  • [C] Texture management / pointer question

    - by ndg
    I'm working on a texture management and animation solution for a small side project of mine. Although the project uses Allegro for rendering and input, my question mostly revolves around C and memory management. I wanted to post it here to get thoughts and insight into the approach, as I'm terrible when it comes to pointers. Essentially what I'm trying to do is load all of my texture resources into a central manager (textureManager) - which is essentially an array of structs containing ALLEGRO_BITMAP objects. The textures stored within the textureManager are mostly full sprite sheets. From there, I have an anim(ation) struct, which contains animation-specific information (along with a pointer to the corresponding texture within the textureManager). To give you an idea, here's how I setup and play the players 'walk' animation: createAnimation(&player.animations[0], "media/characters/player/walk.png", player.w, player.h); playAnimation(&player.animations[0], 10); Rendering the animations current frame is just a case of blitting a specific region of the sprite sheet stored in textureManager. For reference, here's the code for anim.h and anim.c. I'm sure what I'm doing here is probably a terrible approach for a number of reasons. I'd like to hear about them! Am I opening myself to any pitfalls? Will this work as I'm hoping? anim.h #ifndef ANIM_H #define ANIM_H #define ANIM_MAX_FRAMES 10 #define MAX_TEXTURES 50 struct texture { bool active; ALLEGRO_BITMAP *bmp; }; struct texture textureManager[MAX_TEXTURES]; typedef struct tAnim { ALLEGRO_BITMAP **sprite; int w, h; int curFrame, numFrames, frameCount; float delay; } anim; void setupTextureManager(void); int addTexture(char *filename); int createAnimation(anim *a, char *filename, int w, int h); void playAnimation(anim *a, float delay); void updateAnimation(anim *a); #endif anim.c void setupTextureManager() { int i = 0; for(i = 0; i < MAX_TEXTURES; i++) { textureManager[i].active = false; } } int addTextureToManager(char *filename) { int i = 0; for(i = 0; i < MAX_TEXTURES; i++) { if(!textureManager[i].active) { textureManager[i].bmp = al_load_bitmap(filename); textureManager[i].active = true; if(!textureManager[i].bmp) { printf("Error loading texture: %s", filename); return -1; } return i; } } return -1; } int createAnimation(anim *a, char *filename, int w, int h) { int textureId = addTextureToManager(filename); if(textureId > -1) { a->sprite = textureManager[textureId].bmp; a->w = w; a->h = h; a->numFrames = al_get_bitmap_width(a->sprite) / w; printf("Animation loaded with %i frames, given resource id: %i\n", a->numFrames, textureId); } else { printf("Texture manager full\n"); return 1; } return 0; } void playAnimation(anim *a, float delay) { a->curFrame = 0; a->frameCount = 0; a->delay = delay; } void updateAnimation(anim *a) { a->frameCount ++; if(a->frameCount >= a->delay) { a->frameCount = 0; a->curFrame ++; if(a->curFrame >= a->numFrames) { a->curFrame = 0; } } }

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