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• ffmpeg not using all cores

  - by user2783132

  I just got my new server with two intel e5-2695 but I was shocked to see that ffmpeg or ubuntu doesn't utilize all cores. top while ffmpeg was running top - 23:35:25 up 2:41, 2 users, load average: 5.35, 4.37, 3.12 Tasks: 333 total, 2 running, 331 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu0 : 0.0 us, 1.0 sy, 35.6 ni, 63.4 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu1 : 0.0 us, 0.7 sy, 35.5 ni, 63.9 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu2 : 0.0 us, 0.7 sy, 33.4 ni, 65.9 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu3 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 32.7 ni, 67.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu4 : 0.0 us, 0.3 sy, 32.3 ni, 67.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu5 : 0.0 us, 0.3 sy, 33.0 ni, 66.7 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu6 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 32.6 ni, 67.4 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu7 : 0.0 us, 0.3 sy, 32.7 ni, 67.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu8 : 0.0 us, 0.7 sy, 32.6 ni, 66.8 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu9 : 0.0 us, 0.3 sy, 33.9 ni, 65.8 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu10 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 35.0 ni, 65.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu11 : 0.0 us, 0.7 sy, 30.0 ni, 69.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu12 : 21.1 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 78.9 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu13 : 0.7 us, 0.0 sy, 4.3 ni, 95.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu14 : 0.3 us, 0.0 sy, 5.0 ni, 94.6 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu15 : 24.9 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 75.1 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu16 : 0.3 us, 0.0 sy, 3.7 ni, 96.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu17 : 0.7 us, 0.3 sy, 4.9 ni, 94.1 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu18 : 1.0 us, 0.0 sy, 4.6 ni, 94.4 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu19 : 0.7 us, 0.0 sy, 4.7 ni, 94.7 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu20 : 11.1 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 88.9 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu21 : 1.3 us, 0.0 sy, 4.6 ni, 94.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu22 : 2.0 us, 0.3 sy, 4.3 ni, 93.4 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu23 : 96.7 us, 1.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 2.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu24 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.7 ni, 99.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu25 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 3.0 ni, 97.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu26 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 1.3 ni, 98.7 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu27 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 4.0 ni, 96.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu28 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 1.7 ni, 98.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu29 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 1.7 ni, 98.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu30 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 1.7 ni, 98.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu31 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 1.0 ni, 99.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu32 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.7 ni, 99.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu33 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 1.7 ni, 98.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu34 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 2.0 ni, 98.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu35 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 1.0 ni, 99.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu36 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni,100.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st ffmpeg was sent with -threads 0 *I also tried sending ffmoeg with -threads 500- no difference

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• Permission denied install Joomla CiviCRM

  - by Tim

  Dear All, I am trying to install CiviCRM on a Joomla 1.5.17 web server running Ubuntu 9.10. Uploading the package to the tmp directory in /var/www/[site name]/tmp and installing creates this error: Warning: fopen(/var/www/trbcp/administrator/components/com_civicrm/civicrm/templates/CRM/common/civicrm.settings.php.tpl) [function.fopen]: failed to open stream: Permission denied in /var/www/trbcp/libraries/joomla/filesystem/file.php on line 240 Warning: fopen(/var/www/trbcp/administrator/components/com_civicrm/civicrm/templates/CRM/common/civicrm.settings.php.tpl) [function.fopen]: failed to open stream: Permission denied in /var/www/trbcp/libraries/joomla/filesystem/file.php on line 240 Warning: include_once(/var/www/trbcp/administrator/components/com_civicrm/civicrm.settings.php) [function.include-once]: failed to open stream: Permission denied in /var/www/trbcp/administrator/components/com_civicrm/configure.php on line 115 Warning: include_once() [function.include]: Failed opening '/var/www/trbcp/administrator/components/com_civicrm/civicrm.settings.php' for inclusion (include_path='.') in /var/www/trbcp/administrator/components/com_civicrm/configure.php on line 115 Warning: require_once(DB.php) [function.require-once]: failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /var/www/trbcp/administrator/components/com_civicrm/configure.php on line 140 Fatal error: require_once() [function.require]: Failed opening required 'DB.php' (include_path='.') in /var/www/trbcp/administrator/components/com_civicrm/configure.php on line 140 Initially I got a permissions denied error and thought that Joomla did not have permissions to all its directories but looking at Help-System information all the necessary directories are writable. I then decided to chmod 777 all the directories and try again but it still fails. Looking at the directories afterwards it seems that the new directories being created are not being created 777. By changing them I can get at least one step further before the error appears again. My question is does anyone know how to get round this? I am thinking that the new directories being created will require sudo privileges to have mv and create actions carried out, hence the permission denied errors. Can this be configured in Joomla? Or is there a way to specify that new directories created in /var/www/[site name] take 777 by default? any help greatly appreciated! EDIT: P.S. if anyone could give me a clue as to how the insert code feature works as well that would be great! Might make this post a bit more readable! EDIT2: Well I have had a bash at changing the permissions and ownership. sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/trbcp I then tried changing the whole /var directory (insecure I know but this is a test and dev server for me to find my feet on) to 777 and still getting permission errors. It seems to be error opening stream? Not a php guy so not sure what that is but could it be that permissions to run php script need to change? any thoughts greatly appreciated.

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• possible UDP attack on BIND?

  - by Waleed Hamra

  hello everyone, i was surprised last month when my EC2 instance (ubuntu precise server), that is supposed to be under the free tier still, accumulated lots of traffic... today, while checking my current billing statement, i noticed i already have tons of traffic, while still in the middle of the month, and i'm fearing what my bill by the end of the month is going to be... i installed bandwidthd, and after few minutes, i noticed lots of UDP traffic to "108.162.233.15". this is apparently a cloudflare IP, and i don't have anything using cloudflare (as far as i know). so i ran "iftop" to see what ports are being used, and i saw the UDP traffic coming from port 80 to my port 53... why would a webserver query dns? so i stopped bind on my server, and ran it in foreground debugging mode, and saw the following query, being repeated continuously: 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.216 client 108.162.233.15#80: UDP request 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.216 client 108.162.233.15#80: request is not signed 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.216 client 108.162.233.15#80: recursion available 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.216 client 108.162.233.15#80: query 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.216 client 108.162.233.15#80: query (cache) 'isc.org/ANY/IN' approved 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.216 client 108.162.233.15#80: send 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.216 client 108.162.233.15#80: sendto 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.216 client 108.162.233.15#80: senddone 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.217 client 108.162.233.15#80: next 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.217 client 108.162.233.15#80: endrequest 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.217 client @0x7fbee05126e0: udprecv 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.343 client 108.162.233.15#80: UDP request 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.343 client 108.162.233.15#80: request is not signed 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.343 client 108.162.233.15#80: recursion available 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.343 client 108.162.233.15#80: query 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.343 client 108.162.233.15#80: query (cache) 'isc.org/ANY/IN' approved 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.343 client 108.162.233.15#80: send 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.344 client 108.162.233.15#80: sendto 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.344 client 108.162.233.15#80: senddone 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.344 client 108.162.233.15#80: next 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.344 client 108.162.233.15#80: endrequest my question is... is this normal? should i be worried? or is this completely irrelevant to my data charges, and i should wait to see more data from bandwidthd? thank you in advance.

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• How to start nginx via different port(other than 80)

  - by Zhao Peng

  Hi I am a newbie on nginx, I tried to set it up on my server(running Ubuntu 4), which already has apache running. So after I apt-get install it, I tried to start nginx. Then I get the message like this: Starting nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [emerg]: bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) [emerg]: bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) [emerg]: bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) [emerg]: bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) [emerg]: bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) That makes sense as Apache is using port 80. Then I tried to modify nginx.conf, I reference some articles, so I changed it like so: server { listen 8080; location / { proxy_pass http://94.143.9.34:9500; proxy_set_header Host $host:8080; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header Via "nginx"; } After saving this and try to start nginx again, I still get the same error as previously. I cannot really find a related post about this, could any good people shred some light? Thanks in advance :) ========================================================================= I should post all the content in conf here: user www-data; worker_processes 1; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; # multi_accept on; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; tcp_nodelay on; gzip on; gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.(?!.*SV1)"; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; server { listen 81; location / { proxy_pass http://94.143.9.34:9500; proxy_set_header Host $host:81; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header Via "nginx"; } } } mail { See sample authentication script at: http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxImapAuthenticateWithApachePhpScript auth_http localhost/auth.php; pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER"; imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS"; server { listen localhost:110; protocol pop3; proxy on; } server { listen localhost:143; protocol imap; proxy on; } } Basically, I changed nothing except adding the server part.

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• load-causing processes disappearing from "top" ps -o pcpu shows bogus numbers

  - by Alec Matusis

  I administer a large number of servers, and I have this problem only with Ubuntu 10.04 LTS: I run a server under normal load (say load average 3.0 on an 8-core server). The "top" command shows processes taking certain % of CPU that cause this load average: say PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 11008 mysql 20 0 25.9g 22g 5496 S 67 76.0 643539:38 mysqld ps -o pcpu,pid -p11008 %CPU PID 53.1 11008 , everything is consistent. The all of the sudden, the process causing the load average disappears from "top", but the process continues to run normally (albeit with a slight performance decrease), and the system load average becomes somewhat higher. The output of ps -o pcpu becomes bogus: # ps -o pcpu,pid -p11008 %CPU PID 317910278 1587 This happened to at least 5 different severs (different brand new IBM System X hardware), each running different software: one httpd 2.2, one mysqld 5.1, and one Twisted Python TCP servers. Each time the kernel was between 2.6.32-32-server and 2.6.32-40-server. I updated some machines to 2.6.32-41-server, and it has not happened on those yet, but the bug is rare (once every 60 days or so). This is from an affected machine: top - 10:39:06 up 73 days, 17:57, 3 users, load average: 6.62, 5.60, 5.34 Tasks: 207 total, 2 running, 205 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 11.4%us, 18.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 66.3%id, 4.3%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 74341464k total, 71985004k used, 2356460k free, 236456k buffers Swap: 3906552k total, 328k used, 3906224k free, 24838212k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 805 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 3 0.0 1493:09 fct0-worker 982 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 1 0.0 111:35.05 fioa-data-groom 914 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 884:42.71 fct1-worker 1068 root 20 0 19364 1496 1060 R 0 0.0 0:00.02 top Nothing causing high load is showing on top, but I have two highly loaded mysqld instances on it, that suddenly show crazy %CPU: #ps -o pcpu,pid,cmd -p1587 %CPU PID CMD 317713124 1587 /nail/encap/mysql-5.1.60/libexec/mysqld and #ps -o pcpu,pid,cmd -p1624 %CPU PID CMD 2802 1624 /nail/encap/mysql-5.1.60/libexec/mysqld Here are the numbers from # cat /proc/1587/stat 1587 (mysqld) S 1212 1088 1088 0 -1 4202752 14307313 0 162 0 85773299069 4611685932654088833 0 0 20 0 52 0 3549 27255418880 5483524 18446744073709551615 4194304 11111617 140733749236976 140733749235984 8858659 0 552967 4102 26345 18446744073709551615 0 0 17 5 0 0 0 0 0 the 14th and 15th numbers according to man proc are supposed to be utime %lu Amount of time that this process has been scheduled in user mode, measured in clock ticks (divide by sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK). This includes guest time, guest_time (time spent running a virtual CPU, see below), so that applications that are not aware of the guest time field do not lose that time from their calculations. stime %lu Amount of time that this process has been scheduled in kernel mode, measured in clock ticks (divide by sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK). On a normal server, these numbers are advancing, every time I check the /proc/PID/stat. On a buggy server, these numbers are stuck at a ridiculously high value like 4611685932654088833, and it's not changing. Has anyone encountered this bug?

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• Hot-swap drive got new name, can I change it on-the-fly?

  - by T.J. Crowder

  One of the HDDs in my server's RAID config failed, so I took it out of the array and had the data center hot-swap it. They've done that, but now the new drive is /dev/sdc rather than /dev/sda. I suspect — correct me if I'm wrong — that if I reboot the server, it will be /dev/sda again, so I'm hesitant to add it back to the array as /dev/sdc because I don't want to lay a trap for myself to fall into on the next reboot. I'd just as soon not reboot the server if I don't need to (if I do need to, well, too bad for me). Is there a way I can change the device name from /dev/sdc to /dev/sda without rebooting? This is on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS. It's an md array ("Linux Software RAID"), where currently one of the devices (there are a couple of them) looks like this ("degraded" because I've removed the old /dev/sda from it): # mdadm --detail /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 00.90.03 Creation Time : Sun Oct 11 21:07:54 2009 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 97536 (95.27 MiB 99.88 MB) Used Dev Size : 97536 (95.27 MiB 99.88 MB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 1 Preferred Minor : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Thu Jun 30 09:31:16 2011 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 496be7a5:ab9177ed:7792c71e:7dc17aa4 Events : 0.112 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1 1 0 0 1 removed Thanks, Update: Reading through the kernel md documentation, I suspect that if the name changes on reboot, it won't matter. (Good design, that.) Here's why: Boot time autodetection of RAID arrays When md is compiled into the kernel (not as module), partitions of type 0xfd are scanned and automatically assembled into RAID arrays. This autodetection may be suppressed with the kernel parameter "raid=noautodetect". As of kernel 2.6.9, only drives with a type 0 superblock can be autodetected and run at boot time. The kernel parameter "raid=partitionable" (or "raid=part") means that all auto-detected arrays are assembled as partitionable. I do have md compiled into the kernel, so I'm rebuilding the array now and will do the reboot to see what happens. Even if it works, the above doesn't answer the question I actually asked, so unless someone comes along and answers that question in the meantime (I'd be interested, even if it's not necessary for what I'm doing this very moment), I'll just delete the question to keep noise down.

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• How to get an inactive RAID device working again?

  - by Jonik

  After booting, my RAID1 device (/dev/md_d0 *) sometimes goes in some funny state and I cannot mount it. * Originally I created /dev/md0 but it has somehow changed itself into /dev/md_d0. # mount /opt mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/md_d0, missing codepage or helper program, or other error (could this be the IDE device where you in fact use ide-scsi so that sr0 or sda or so is needed?) In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so The RAID device appears to be inactive somehow: # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md_d0 : inactive sda4[0](S) 241095104 blocks # mdadm --detail /dev/md_d0 mdadm: md device /dev/md_d0 does not appear to be active. Question is, how to make the device active again (using mdmadm, I presume)? (Other times it's alright (active) after boot, and I can mount it manually without problems. But it still won't mount automatically even though I have it in /etc/fstab: /dev/md_d0 /opt ext4 defaults 0 0 So a bonus question: what should I do to make the RAID device automatically mount at /opt at boot time?) This is an Ubuntu 9.10 workstation. Background info about my RAID setup in this question. Edit: My /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf looks like this. I've never touched this file, at least by hand. # by default, scan all partitions (/proc/partitions) for MD superblocks. # alternatively, specify devices to scan, using wildcards if desired. DEVICE partitions # auto-create devices with Debian standard permissions CREATE owner=root group=disk mode=0660 auto=yes # automatically tag new arrays as belonging to the local system HOMEHOST <system> # instruct the monitoring daemon where to send mail alerts MAILADDR <my mail address> # definitions of existing MD arrays # This file was auto-generated on Wed, 27 Jan 2010 17:14:36 +0200 In /proc/partitions the last entry is md_d0 at least now, after reboot, when the device happens to be active again. (I'm not sure if it would be the same when it's inactive.) Resolution: as Jimmy Hedman suggested, I took the output of mdadm --examine --scan: ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid1 num-devices=2 UUID=de8fbd92[...] and added it in /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf, which seems to have fixed the main problem. After changing /etc/fstab to use /dev/md0 again (instead of /dev/md_d0), the RAID device also gets automatically mounted!

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• Should use EXT4 or XFS to be able to 'sync'/backup to S3?

  - by Rafa

  It's my first message here, so bear with me... (I have already checked quite a few of the "Related Questions" suggested by the editor) Here's the setup, a brand new dedicated server (8GB RAM, some 140+ GB disk, Raid 1 via HW controller, 15000 RPM) it's a production web server (with MySQL in it, too, not just serving web requests); not a personal desktop computer or similar. Ubuntu Server 64bit 10.04 LTS We have an Amazon EC2+EBS setup with the EBS volume formatted as XFS for easily taking snapshots to S3, via AWS' console. We are now migrating to the dedicated server and I want to be able to backup our data to Amazon's S3. The main reason being the possibility of using the latest snapshot from an EC2 instance in case of hardware failure on the dedicated server. There are two approaches I am thinking of: do a "simple" file-based backup with rsync, dumping the database' and other files, and uploading to amazon via S3 API commands, or to an EC2 instance, or something. do a file-system "freeze" (using XFS) with the usual ebs/ec2 snapshot tool to take part of the file system, take a snapshot, and upload it to Amazon. Here's my question (or series of questions): Can I safely use XFS for the whole system as the main and only format on the dedicated server? If not, is it safe to use EXT4? Or should I use something else? would then be possible to make snapshots of the system to upload to Amazon? Is it possible/feasible/practical to do what I want to do, anyway? any recommendations? When searching around for S3/EBS/XFS, anything relevant to my problem is usually focused on taking snapshots of a XFS system that is already an EBS volume. My intention is to do it in a "real"/metal dedicated server. Update: I just saw this on Wikipedia: XFS does not provide direct support for snapshots, as it expects the snapshot process to be implemented by the volume manager. I had always assumed that I could choose 2 ways of doing snapshots: via LVM or via XFS (without LVM). After reading this, I realize these 2 options are more like it: With XFS: 1) do xfs_freeze; 2) copy the frozen files via, eg, rsync; 3) unfreeze xfs With LVM and XFS: 1) do xfs_freeze; 2) make a binary copy of the frozen fs via lvcreate and related commands; 3) unfreeze xfs; 4) somehow backup the LVM snapshot. Thanks a lot in advance, Let me know if I need to clarify something.

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• Raid1 with active and spare partition

  - by Daniel Baron

  I am having the following problem with a RAID1 software raid partition on my Ubuntu system (10.04 LTS, 2.6.32-24-server in case it matters). One of my disks (sdb5) reported I/O errors and was therefore marked faulty in the array. The array was then degraded with one active device. Hence, I replaced the harddisk, cloned the partition table and added all new partitions to my raid arrays. After syncing all partitions ended up fine, having 2 active devices - except one of them. The partition which reported the faulty disk before, however, did not include the new partition as an active device but as a spare disk: md3 : active raid1 sdb5[2] sda5[1] 4881344 blocks [2/1] [_U] A detailed look reveals: root@server:~# mdadm --detail /dev/md3 [...] Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 2 8 21 0 spare rebuilding /dev/sdb5 1 8 5 1 active sync /dev/sda5 So here is the question: How do I tell my raid to turn the spare disk into an active one? And why has it been added as a spare device? Recreating or reassembling the array is not an option, because it is my root partition. And I can not find any hints to that subject in the Software Raid HOWTO. Any help would be appreciated. Current Solution I found a solution to my problem, but I am not sure that this is the actual way to do it. Having a closer look at my raid I found that sdb5 was always listed as a spare device: mdadm --examine /dev/sdb5 [...] Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 2 8 21 2 spare /dev/sdb5 0 0 0 0 0 removed 1 1 8 5 1 active sync /dev/sda5 2 2 8 21 2 spare /dev/sdb5 so readding the device sdb5 to the array md3 always ended up in adding the device as a spare. Finally I just recreated the array mdadm --create /dev/md3 --level=1 -n2 -x0 /dev/sda5 /dev/sdb5 which worked. But the question remains open for me: Is there a better way to manipulate the summaries in the superblock and to tell the array to turn sdb5 from a spare disk to an active disk? I am still curious for an answer.

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• Dell PowerEdge R720 - Corrupted RAID

  - by BT643

  Apologies in advance for the lengthy question. We have a Dell PowerEdge R720 server with: 2 x 136GB SAS drives in RAID 1 for the OS (Ubuntu Server 12.04) 6 x 3TB SATA drives in RAID 5 for data A few days ago we were getting errors when trying to access files on the large RAID 5 partition. We rebooted the server and got a message about the raid controller has found a foriegn config. We've had this before, and just needed to use Dell's RAID configuration utility to import foreign config on the RAID. Last time this worked, but this time, it started doing a disk check then we got this: FSCK has returned the following: "/dev/sdb1 inode 364738 has a bad extended attribute block 7 /dev/sdb1 unexpected inconsistency run fsck manually (i.e without -a or -p options) MOUNTALL fsck /ourdatapartition [1019] terminated with status 4 MOUNTALL filesystem has errors /ourdatapartition errors where found while checking the disk drive for /ourdatapartition Press F to fix errors, I to Ignore or M for Manual Recovery" We pressed F to try and fix the errors, but it eventually errored with: Inode 275841084, i_blocks is 167080, should be 0. Fix? yes Inode 275841141 has an invalid extend node (blk 2206761006, lblk 0) Clear? yes Inode 275841141, i_blocks is 227872, should be 0. Fix? yes Inode 275842303 has an invalid extend node (blk 2206760975, lblk 0) Clear? yes .... Error storing directory block information (inode=275906766, block=0, num=2699516178): Memory allocation failed /dev/sdb1: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED ***** e2fsck: aborted /dev/sdb1: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED ***** mountall: fsck /ourdatapartition [1286] terminated with status 9 mountall: Unrecoverable fsck error: /ourdatapartition We noticed one of the drive lights was not lit at all, and thought this may have failed and be the problem. We replaced the drive with a spare, and tried "F" to repair it again, but we keep just getting the same error as above. In the RAID configuration utility, all drives show as "online" and "optimal". We do have this data on another replicated server, so we're not worried about "recovering" anything, we just want to get the system back online asap. The server has 64 or 32GB memory, can't remember off the top of my head, but either way, with a 14TB RAID, I think it may still not be enough. Thanks EDIT - I checked the memory usage while fsck was running as suggested and after 2 or 3 minutes, it looked like this, using up nearly all of our servers memory: When it failed after 5 minutes or so with the error in my post, the memory immediately freed up again:

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• PHP Sessions suddenly not working

  - by styrken

  Out of no where my php sessions does not work anymore. The server have been running fine for several months. I'am running Ubuntu 11.10 (GNU/Linux 3.0.0-14-server x86_64) with nginx/1.0.11 and php 5.3.19-1~dotdeb.0 Session info copied from phpinfo() Session Support enabled Registered save handlers files user memcached Registered serializer handlers php php_binary wddx Directive Local Value Master Value session.auto_start Off Off session.bug_compat_42 Off Off session.bug_compat_warn Off Off session.cache_expire 180 180 session.cache_limiter nocache nocache session.cookie_domain no value no value session.cookie_httponly Off Off session.cookie_lifetime 0 0 session.cookie_path / / session.cookie_secure Off Off session.entropy_file no value no value session.entropy_length 0 0 session.gc_divisor 1000 1000 session.gc_maxlifetime 1440 1440 session.gc_probability 0 0 session.hash_bits_per_character 5 5 session.hash_function 0 0 session.name PHPSESSID PHPSESSID session.referer_check no value no value session.save_handler files files session.save_path /tmp /tmp session.serialize_handler php php session.use_cookies On On session.use_only_cookies On On session.use_trans_sid 0 0 I have setup the following php script to test with: error_reporting(E_ALL); ini_set('display_errors', true); error_log($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] . ' visited test page'); if(session_start()) echo "Session started <br />"; else echo "Session failed <br />"; echo '<a href="?', time(), '">refresh</a>', "\n"; echo '<pre>'; echo 'session id: ', session_id(), "\n"; $sessionfile = ini_get('session.save_path') . '/' . 'sess_'.session_id(); echo 'session file: ', $sessionfile, ' '; if ( file_exists($sessionfile) ) { echo 'size: ', filesize($sessionfile), "\n"; echo '# ', file_get_contents($sessionfile), ' #'; } else { echo ' does not exist'; } echo PHP_EOL; $_SESSION['number'] = (int) @$_SESSION['number'] + 1; var_dump($_SESSION); echo "</pre>\n"; session_write_close(); echo 'done.'; It tells me that the session file exists, but my session id changes on each refresh.. What is going wrong? There is no output to any error logs at all.. :/ Please help!

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• Upgrading php from php 5.3 to 5.4 .7

  - by Takingsides

  So, quickly so to speak I have noticed this topic around, I have searched and there are plenty of solutions. However these solutions do not work for me, not only that but I'm intending to learn more about the Debian based OS. Questions I would like to know how to upgrade php5.3 to php 5.4.7 compiling it from source, myself without using a third-party ppa. Is the way (explained below) the correct way of configuring php5.4? I'm new to compiling from source. Set-up I run Ubuntu Server 12.04 64bit. I've currently got: PHP 5.3 MySQL-Server Apache2 Memcached The Problem So I initially installed php5.3 using apt-get. I now wish to upgrade the php 5.4 due to the advantage of traits in OOP and the struct with Arrays and all the other recent patches and such. Possible Solutions I've seen this ondrej/ppa repository, which I refuse to use, given the fact that it may work, but it's an unknown/untrusted source. ALso, i'm not learning how to administer from source, using configure, make and install accordingly. I've seen a solution compiling from source, which is essentially how I was hoping to go about it with some guidance. Conclusion So I didn't just expect to be spoon-fed, and I went out and did some manual reading and atleast started the ball rolling myself; this how far i've got. The first thing I did was su into root (to save the typing sudo all the darn time). $ sudo su The next thing I did was download the latest version of php (5.4.7) and extracted it's contents ready to configure before installing it. $ mkdir php5-new && cd !$ $ wget -O php-5.4.7.tar.bz2 http://php.net/get/php-5.4.7.tar.bz2/from/uk3.php.net/mirror $ bzip2 -d php-5.4.7.tar.bz2 $ tar xvf php-5.4.7.tar.gz $ cd php-5.4.7 $ ./configure --help Finally I decided to have a bash, I looked through the list of options and decided I needed to list ALL of the things I wanted to include in the configuration. $ ./configure --with-mysql --with-apache2 --with-libxml --with-openssl --with-zlib --with-bz2 --with-curl --with-dom --with-gd --with-imap --with-imap-ssl --with-mcrypt --with-mysqli --with-pdo-mysql --with-libxml --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-soap Finally, the results... When the configuration process had finished, it threw an error: configure: error: xml2-config not found. Please check your libxml2 installation.

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• VMware server 2.0 SYN/ACK repeating issues

  - by user65579

  VMWare Server 2.0.0 Build 122956 I am having some issues with connecting into a guest VM (Ubuntu linux 4.4.3-4 lucid) running under VMware 2.0 on a windows server host. All connections to and from the VM's work fine, except for FTP. I thought the issue was the FTP daemon at first but it has been ruled out that it is not the daemon or the server itself. When you try to connect to the FTP server from outside of the host OS it fails with a "421 Service not available" but when you try and connect from the local VM or from the host OS the connection goes through fine. I have ran many packet sniffs using wireshark/tcpdump from the VM, the host OS, and the client connecting, the most informative is the host OS. I have attached a PNG of the relavant packets that were captured. I viewed some other network traffic that was sniffed (WWW specifically) and it seems to do the same syn/ack repeating but the user doesnt see any issues. I have disabled the firewall and the issues persisits, I have tried with specific allow rules to ensure the data is allowed and no changes. It appears like VMware attempts to do the ICMP redirect and it works, but then it vmware repeats the packets sent so you get 3 syn/ack's for every one syn from the client. Also VMWare appears to be attempting to establish an FTP connection between the HOST OS and the GUEST OS, because I see the second SYN sent from the HOST OS to the GUEST to initiate a new connection, and it get the appropriate SYN/ACK followed by an ACK, but the client never sees any of this from its end. EG. syn from client syn/ack from host OS to client syn/ack from guest OS to client syn/ack from host OS to client The same thing happens when the connection reset is attempted, RST's start being sent and repeated, the server responds with a valid header to continue the FTP handshake but the RST acknowledgement is allready issued and things are closed. I am not 100% if this is a bug in VMware or possibly a VMNetwork missconfiguration. Does anyone have any thoughts on where exactly the issue could be, things to try to verify or rule out? I have linked to a picture of the relevant packets sniffed from the host OS. http://img18.imageshack.us/img18/7789/vmwareftpconnection.jpg

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• Both nginx and php5-fpm init.d startup scripts are non-functional and returning no errors..? But they used to work perfectly

  - by Ollie Treend

  I have been using nginx and php5-fpm on my Ubuntu box for a while now. Everything has been configured and setup correctly, and it ran like a charm. I have been keeping the packages updated & upgraded as usual, but haven't touched the nginx OR php5-fpm config files at all (thus I'm pretty sure this isn't my fault... ) Basically, I noticed nginx wasn't running as it should be. I ran the command sudo service nginx start, and the script did nothing. The same thing happens when trying to do anything - start, stop, restart or reload. This also happens for the "php5-fpm" init script - although all other init scripts seem to be functioning correctly. When trying to start nginx OR php5-fpm, this is what happens: root@HAL:/etc# service php5-fpm start root@HAL:/etc# I can't understand what is going wrong. The script isn't returning errors, but similarly it isn't starting the daemon or reporting success as usual. For reference, both installations are from the official nginx and php5-fpm PPAs. The fact that both started doing this at the same time has thrown me - since they are both unrelated packages. I have since purged both sets of packages from my system with apt-get purge ... and also apt-get remove --purge ... both of which have successfully removed the packages, their config files, and their init.d startup scripts. After having reinstalled nginx, I now have a functioning startup script again - I can start the web server as usual. However, php5-fpm is still experiencing the strange premature exiting of the startup script.. and I really can't figure out what's causing it. I have no idea what caused this to occur initially, but have managed to fix nginx. I now need to fix the php5-fpm startup script. If anybody could shed some light on this situation, I would be very grateful! The chances are both these issues are related - and they were caused by me doing something stupid. But now I need to fix it. This time I was lucky - because these problems are just on my development server. But I have 2 other live servers which are configured in a similar way, and I am worried the same thing will happen to these two as well! Has anybody else come across this? Do you have any words of advice? Thank you

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• USB hard drive not recognized

  - by user318772

  Until recently I was using the portable USB hard drive in my win 7 laptop and ubuntu laptop. Suddenly now none of the laptops recognize it. This is the message i get by doing lsusb... Bus 001 Device 004: ID 1058:1010 Western Digital Technologies, Inc. Elements External HDD Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 003 Device 003: ID 0b97:7762 O2 Micro, Inc. Oz776 SmartCard Reader Bus 003 Device 002: ID 0b97:7761 O2 Micro, Inc. Oz776 1.1 Hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 413c:a005 Dell Computer Corp. Internal 2.0 Hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub fdisk doesn't show the external hard drive Disk /dev/sda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders, total 156301488 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0004a743 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 152111103 76054528 83 Linux /dev/sda2 152113150 156301311 2094081 5 Extended /dev/sda5 152113152 156301311 2094080 82 Linux swap / Solaris when i do testdisk TestDisk 6.14, Data Recovery Utility, July 2013 Christophe GRENIER <[email protected]> http://www.cgsecurity.org TestDisk is free software, and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. Select a media (use Arrow keys, then press Enter): >Disk /dev/sda - 80 GB / 74 GiB - ST980825AS Disk /dev/sdb - 2199 GB / 2048 GiB testdisk-> Intel->analyse I get partition error Disk /dev/sdb - 2199 GB / 2048 GiB - CHS 2097152 64 32 Current partition structure: Partition Start End Size in sectors Partition: Read error Here is the output of dmesg [11948.549171] Add. Sense: Invalid command operation code [11948.549177] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] CDB: [11948.549181] Read(16): 88 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 00 [11948.550489] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Invalid command failure [11948.550495] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] [11948.550499] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE [11948.550505] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] [11948.550508] Sense Key : Illegal Request [current] [11948.550514] Info fld=0x0 [11948.550519] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] [11948.550525] Add. Sense: Invalid command operation code [11948.550531] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] CDB: [11948.550534] Read(16): 88 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 00 [11948.551870] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Invalid command failure [11948.551876] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] [11948.551880] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE [11948.551885] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] [11948.551888] Sense Key : Illegal Request [current] [11948.551895] Info fld=0x0 [11948.551900] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] [11948.551905] Add. Sense: Invalid command operation code [11948.551911] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] CDB: [11948.551914] Read(16): 88 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 00 If possible i want to retrive at least some data from this hard drive. If thats not possible I would like to format it and use it. Any help will be greatly appreciated Thanks

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• vmdk to live cd - VMware vmxnet virtual NIC driver Kernel panic

  - by ronalchn

  Task I am trying to convert a virtual machine to a live CD. Specifically, the virtual machine I am trying to convert is the IOI 2013 Competition Environment. In this task, I am aided by a guide Converting a virtual disk image: VDI or VMDK to an ISO you can distribute. Symptoms However, after getting through all the instructions, the live CD causes a kernel panic on boot on bare metal. In particular, the screen shows: [0.737348] cdrom: Uniform CD-ROM driver Revision: 3.20 [0.737503] sr 3:0:0:0: >Attached scsi CD-ROM sr0 [0.737638] sr 3:0:0:0: >Attached scsi generic sg2 type 5 [0.737771] Freeing unused kernel memory: 756k freed [0.738093] Write protecting the kernel text: 5960k [0.738155] Write protecting the kernel read-only data: 2424k [0.738224] NX-protecting the kernel data: 4280k Loading, please wait... [0.752252] udevd[100]: starting version 175 [0.768708] VMware vmxnet3 virtual NIC driver - version 1.1.29.0-k-NAPI [0.781204] VMware PVSCSI driver - version 1.0.2.0-k [0.789555] VMware vmxnet virtual NIC driver [0.799356] Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! exitcode=0x00000200 [0.799356] [0.799472] Pid: 1, comm: init Tainted: G 0 3.5.0-17-generic #28-Ubuntu [0.799549] Call Trace: [0.799603] [<c15bf0ec>] panic+0x81/0x17b [0.799654] [<c104a6a5>] do_exit+0x745/0x7a0 [0.799707] [<c104a9a4>] do_group_exit+0x34/0xa0 [0.799760] [<c104aa28>] sys_exit_group+0x18/0x20 [0.799813] [<c15cff5f>] sysenter_do_call+0x12/0x28 Possible problem I suspect that the problem is the VMware vmxnet virtual NIC driver - however, I do not know how I can uninstall it, and possibly install one for a bare metal machine. If anyone knows which packages needs installing/uninstalling at the .rootfs/ chroot directory stage, please let me know. Details on procedure Do note that after importing the .ova file into Virtualbox, the virtual machine is stored as a .vmdk file already, and not a .vdi file. I would like to point out some results of the procedure followed in case of any questions. This is after extracting the filesystem from the .raw file to the .rootfs/ directory mentioned in the blog. I changed the filesystem table as mentioned in the blog, then looked at the possible "kernel optimized for virtualization". However, I found that linux-image-generic was already installed. Also, when running the command dpkg-query --showformat='${Package}\n' -W 'vmware-tools*' (or dpkg-query --showformat='${Package}\n' -W '*-virtual'), no packages were found. Thus, I did not find any virtualization specific packages. I proceeded to generate the iso following the steps in the blog, and burned it to a DVD.

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• Why isn't passwordless ssh working?

  - by Nelson

  I have two Ubuntu Server machines sitting at home. One is 192.168.1.15 (we'll call this 15), and the other is 192.168.1.25 (we'll call this 25). For some reason, when I want to setup passwordless login from 15 to 25, it works like a champ. When I repeat the steps on 25, so that 25 can login without a password on 15, no dice. I have checked both sshd_config files. Both have: RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes I have checked permissions on both servers: drwx------ 2 bion2 bion2 4096 Dec 4 12:51 .ssh -rw------- 1 bion2 bion2 398 Dec 4 13:10 authorized_keys On 25. drwx------ 2 shimdidly shimdidly 4096 Dec 4 19:15 .ssh -rw------- 1 shimdidly shimdidly 1018 Dec 4 18:54 authorized_keys On 15. I just don't understand when things would work one way and not the other. I know it's probably something obvious just staring me in the face, but for the life of me, I can't figure out what is going on. Here's what ssh -v says when I try to ssh from 25 to 15: ssh -v -p 51337 192.168.1.15 OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1, OpenSSL 1.0.1 14 Mar 2012 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to 192.168.1.15 [192.168.1.15] port 51337. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /home/shimdidly/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: Checking blacklist file /usr/share/ssh/blacklist.RSA-2048 debug1: Checking blacklist file /etc/ssh/blacklist.RSA-2048 debug1: identity file /home/shimdidly/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/shimdidly/.ssh/id_dsa type 2 debug1: Checking blacklist file /usr/share/ssh/blacklist.DSA-1024 debug1: Checking blacklist file /etc/ssh/blacklist.DSA-1024 debug1: identity file /home/shimdidly/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/shimdidly/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/shimdidly/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: sending SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY debug1: Server host key: ECDSA 54:5c:60:80:74:ab:ab:31:36:a1:d3:9b:db:31:2a:ee debug1: Host '[192.168.1.15]:51337' is known and matches the ECDSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/shimdidly/.ssh/known_hosts:2 debug1: ssh_ecdsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering RSA public key: /home/shimdidly/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug1: Offering DSA public key: /home/shimdidly/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug1: Trying private key: /home/shimdidly/.ssh/id_ecdsa debug1: Next authentication method: password

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• Removing old kernel entries in Grub

  - by To Do

  I regularly delete old kernels leaving only the latest two entries using Synaptic. I'm using Precise. However in my Grub "previous Linux version" menu there are quite a few entries labelled 2.6.8. I cannot find these linux-images in Synaptic. dpkg -l | grep linux-image Gives: rc linux-image-3.0.0-17-generic 3.0.0-17.30 Linux kernel image for version 3.0.0 on x86/x86_64 ii linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic 3.2.0-27.43 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic 3.2.0-29.46 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.4.0-030400-generic 3.4.0-030400.201205210521 Linux kernel image for version 3.4.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-generic 3.2.0.29.31 Generic Linux kernel image Sudo update-grub gives: Generating grub.cfg ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.4.0-030400-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.4.0-030400-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-27-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-27-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-11-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-11-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-10-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-10-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin Found Windows Vista (loader) on /dev/sda1 sudo apt-get remove linux-image-2.6.8-8-generic gives: E: Unable to locate package linux-image-2.6.8-8-generic E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'linux-image-2.6.8-8-generic' My boot folder contains the following: abi-2.6.38-10-generic initrd.img-3.4.0-030400-generic abi-2.6.38-11-generic memtest86+.bin abi-2.6.38-8-generic memtest86+_multiboot.bin abi-3.2.0-27-generic System.map-2.6.38-10-generic abi-3.2.0-29-generic System.map-2.6.38-11-generic abi-3.4.0-030400-generic System.map-2.6.38-8-generic config-2.6.38-10-generic System.map-3.2.0-27-generic config-2.6.38-11-generic System.map-3.2.0-29-generic config-2.6.38-8-generic System.map-3.4.0-030400-generic config-3.2.0-27-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-10-generic config-3.2.0-29-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-11-generic config-3.4.0-030400-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-8-generic extlinux vmlinuz-2.6.38-10-generic grub vmlinuz-2.6.38-11-generic initrd.img-2.6.38-10-generic vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic initrd.img-2.6.38-11-generic vmlinuz-3.2.0-27-generic initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic initrd.img-3.2.0-27-generic vmlinuz-3.4.0-030400-generic initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic and ls -l /etc/grub.d yields: total 56 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6715 Apr 17 20:16 00_header -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5522 Oct 1 2011 05_debian_theme -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7407 May 17 09:22 10_linux -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6335 Apr 17 20:16 20_linux_xen -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1588 May 3 2011 20_memtest86+ -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7603 Apr 17 20:16 30_os-prober -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 214 Oct 1 2011 40_custom -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 95 Oct 1 2011 41_custom -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 483 Oct 1 2011 README gdisk -l /dev/sda yields: Partition table scan: MBR: MBR only BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: not present *************************************************************** Found invalid GPT and valid MBR; converting MBR to GPT format. *************************************************************** Disk /dev/sda: 312581808 sectors, 149.1 GiB Logical sector size: 512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): F832A498-05E1-4615-B5B1-757ACB4A757A Partition table holds up to 128 entries First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 312581774 Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries Total free space is 4183661 sectors (2.0 GiB) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 1 2048 61442047 29.3 GiB 0700 Microsoft basic data 3 163842048 169986047 2.9 GiB 8200 Linux swap 4 169986048 312578047 68.0 GiB 0700 Microsoft basic data 5 61444096 159666175 46.8 GiB 8300 Linux filesystem Please help with removing the old and inexistent kernels from Grub.

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• mythbuntu 12 - lirc device doesn't appear to even exist

  - by FrustratedWithFormsDesigner

  I'm trying to get a new installation of Mythbuntu working. So far, everything is OK except the remote. The sensor for the remote is on my Hauppauge WinTV HVR 1250. First I tried to run irw to see what was being picked up by the sensor: $ irw connect: No such file or directory Then trying to run lircd gives: $ lircd start$ lircd start lircd: can't open or create /var/run/lirc/lircd.pid I look for any lirc devices and find there are none: $ ls /dev/li* ls: cannot access /dev/li*: No such file or directory Just to be sure, I check in /proc/bus/input/devices, which shows me two powerbuttons (not sure why), kbd and mouse dev, and the audio devs. Nothing for the IR receiver on the tuner card (which I thought was strange because shouldn't the tuner show up here?). $ cat /proc/bus/input/devices I: Bus=0019 Vendor=0000 Product=0001 Version=0000 N: Name="Power Button" P: Phys=PNP0C0C/button/input0 S: Sysfs=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/device:00/PNP0C0C:00/input/input0 U: Uniq= H: Handlers=kbd event0 B: PROP=0 B: EV=3 B: KEY=10000000000000 0 I: Bus=0019 Vendor=0000 Product=0001 Version=0000 N: Name="Power Button" P: Phys=LNXPWRBN/button/input0 S: Sysfs=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXPWRBN:00/input/input1 U: Uniq= H: Handlers=kbd event1 B: PROP=0 B: EV=3 B: KEY=10000000000000 0 I: Bus=0003 Vendor=099a Product=7202 Version=0111 N: Name="Wireless Keyboard/Mouse" P: Phys=usb-0000:00:10.1-2/input0 S: Sysfs=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:10.1/usb8/8-2/8-2:1.0/input/input2 U: Uniq= H: Handlers=sysrq kbd event2 B: PROP=0 B: EV=120013 B: KEY=1000000000007 ff9f207ac14057ff febeffdfffefffff fffffffffffffffe B: MSC=10 B: LED=7 I: Bus=0003 Vendor=099a Product=7202 Version=0111 N: Name="Wireless Keyboard/Mouse" P: Phys=usb-0000:00:10.1-2/input1 S: Sysfs=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:10.1/usb8/8-2/8-2:1.1/input/input3 U: Uniq= H: Handlers=kbd mouse0 event3 B: PROP=0 B: EV=1f B: KEY=4837fff072ff32d bf54444600000000 70001 20c100b17c000 267bfad9415fed 9e168000004400 10000002 B: REL=143 B: ABS=100000000 B: MSC=10 I: Bus=0000 Vendor=0000 Product=0000 Version=0000 N: Name="HD-Audio Generic Line" P: Phys=ALSA S: Sysfs=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.2/sound/card0/input4 U: Uniq= H: Handlers=event4 B: PROP=0 B: EV=21 B: SW=2000 I: Bus=0000 Vendor=0000 Product=0000 Version=0000 N: Name="HD-Audio Generic Front Mic" P: Phys=ALSA S: Sysfs=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.2/sound/card0/input5 U: Uniq= H: Handlers=event5 B: PROP=0 B: EV=21 B: SW=10 I: Bus=0000 Vendor=0000 Product=0000 Version=0000 N: Name="HD-Audio Generic Rear Mic" P: Phys=ALSA S: Sysfs=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.2/sound/card0/input6 U: Uniq= H: Handlers=event6 B: PROP=0 B: EV=21 B: SW=10 I: Bus=0000 Vendor=0000 Product=0000 Version=0000 N: Name="HD-Audio Generic Front Headphone" P: Phys=ALSA S: Sysfs=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.2/sound/card0/input7 U: Uniq= H: Handlers=event7 B: PROP=0 B: EV=21 B: SW=4 I: Bus=0000 Vendor=0000 Product=0000 Version=0000 N: Name="HD-Audio Generic Line-Out" P: Phys=ALSA S: Sysfs=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.2/sound/card0/input8 U: Uniq= H: Handlers=event8 B: PROP=0 B: EV=21 B: SW=40 According to dmesg, the driver was registered, but it doesn't look like any devices was associated with the driver: $ dmesg | grep irc [ 10.631162] lirc_dev: IR Remote Control driver registered, major 249 So far, I've seen a number of forum pages suggesting that I use some trick to create a link between /dev/lirc and some other device that is the REAL IR sensor, like /dev/event5, but those cases assume that the real device is shown from /proc/bus/input/devices, and I don't see any such device there. Any suggestions on how to fix or further diagnose this?

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• How (recipe) to build only one kernel module?

  - by Pro Backup

  I have a bug in a Linux kernel module that causes the stock Ubuntu 14.04 kernel to oops (crash). That is why I want to edit/patch the source of only that single kernel module to add some extra debug output. The kernel module in question is mvsas and not necessary to boot. For that reason I don't see any need to update any initrd images. I have read a lot of information (as shown below) and find the setup and build process confusion. I need two recipes: to setup/configure the build environment once steps to do after editing any source file of this kernel module (.c and .h) and converting that edit into a new kernel module (.ko) The sources that have been used are: build one kernel module - Google search http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-kernel-70/rebuilding-a-single-kernel-module-595116/ http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8744087/how-to-recompile-just-a-single-kernel-module http://www.pixelbeat.org/docs/rebuild_kernel_module.html How do I build a single in-tree kernel module? http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1153067 http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2112166 http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1115593 build one kernel module ubuntu - Google search 'make +single +kernel +module' - Ask Ubuntu 'make +kernel +module' - Ask Ubuntu My makefile results in: No rule to make target `arch/x86/tools/relocs.c', needed '"Invalid module format"' - Ask Ubuntu Driver installation: compiling source code for newer kernel Modprobe: 'Invalid nodule format', yet works after insmod "Symbol version dump" "is missing" - Google search http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9425523/should-i-care-that-the-symbol-version-dump-is-missing-how-do-i-get-one Where can I find the corresponding Module.symvers and .config files for 12.04.3 i386 server? "no symbol version for module_layout" when trying to load usbhid.ko Broken links inside Linux header file folder 'make modules_install' - Ask Ubuntu 'modules_install' - Ask Ubuntu Empty build directory in custom compiled kernel Not able to see pr_info output In which directory are the kernel source files and how can I recompile it? How can I compile and install that patched libata-eh.c file? 'modules_install +depmod' - Ask Ubuntu modules_install depmod - Google search "make modules_install" - Google search http://www.csee.umbc.edu/courses/undergraduate/CMSC421/fall02/burt/projects/howto_build_kernel.html http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/20864/what-happens-in-each-step-of-the-linux-kernel-building-process https://wiki.ubuntu.com/KernelCustomBuild http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/build-linux-kernel-module-against-installed-kernel-source-tree.html http://www.linuxforums.org/forum/kernel/170617-solved-make-modules_install-different-path.html "make prepare" - Google search "make prepare" "scripts/kconfig/conf --silentoldconfig Kconfig" - Google search http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1963515 ubuntu "make prepare" version - Google search http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8276245/how-to-compile-a-kernel-module-against-a-new-source https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Kernel/Compile How do I compile a kernel module? How to add a custom driver to my kernel? Compile and loading kernel module without compiling the kernel

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• Configure IPv6 on your Linux system (Ubuntu)

  After the presentation on IPv6 at the first event of the Emtel Knowledge Series and some recent discussion on social media networks with other geeks and Linux interested IT people here in Mauritius, I thought that I should give it a try (finally) and tweak my local network infrastructure. Honestly, I have been to busy with contractual project work and it never really occurred to me to set up IPv6 in my LAN. Well, the following paragraphs are going to shed some light on those aspects of modern computer and network technology. This is the first article in a series on IPv6 configuration: Configure IPv6 on your Linux system DHCPv6: Provide IPv6 information in your local network Enabling DNS for IPv6 infrastructure Accessing your web server via IPv6 Piece of advice: This is based on my findings on the internet while reading other people's helpful articles and going through a couple of man-pages on my local system. Let's embrace IPv6 The basic configuration on Linux is actually very simple as the kernel, operating system, and user-space programs support that protocol natively. If your system is ready to go for IP (aka: IPv4), then you are good to go for anything else. At least, I didn't have to install any additional packages on my system(s). We are going to assign a static IPv6 address to the system. Hence, we have to modify the definition of interfaces and check whether we have an inet6 entry specified. Open your favourite text editor and check the following entries (it should be at least similar to this): $ sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces auto eth0# IPv4 configurationiface eth0 inet static  address 192.168.1.2  network 192.168.1.0  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255# IPv6 configurationiface eth0 inet6 static  pre-up modprobe ipv6  address 2001:db8:bad:a55::2  netmask 64 Of course, you might have to adjust your interface device (eth0) or you might be interested to have multiple directives for additional devices (eth1, eth2, etc.). The auto instruction takes care that your device is enabled and configured during the booting phase. The use of the pre-up directive depends on your kernel configuration but in most scenarios this might be an optional line. Anyways, it doesn't hurt to have it enabled after all - just to be on the safe side. Next, either restart your network subsystem like so: $ sudo service networking restart Or you might prefer to do it manually with identical parameters, like so: $ sudo ifconfig eth0 inet6 add 2001:db8:bad:a55::2/64 In case that you're logged in remotely into your PC (ie. via ssh), it is highly advised to opt for the second choice and add the device manually. You can check your configuration afterwards with one of the following commands (depends on whether it is installed): $ sudo ifconfig eth0eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:21:5a:50:d7:94            inet addr:192.168.160.2  Bcast:192.168.160.255  Mask:255.255.255.0          inet6 addr: fe80::221:5aff:fe50:d794/64 Scope:Link          inet6 addr: 2001:db8:bad:a55::2/64 Scope:Global          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1 $ sudo ip -6 address show eth03: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qlen 1000    inet6 2001:db8:bad:a55::2/64 scope global        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever    inet6 fe80::221:5aff:fe50:d794/64 scope link        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever In both cases, it confirms that our network device has been assigned a valid IPv6 address. That's it in general for your setup on one system. But of course, you might be interested to enable more services for IPv6, especially if you're already running a couple of them in your IP network. More details are available on the official Ubuntu Wiki. Continue to configure your network to provide IPv6 address information automatically in your local infrastructure.

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• Flash 10 (AS3): Pass Parameters to fscommand (from Projector)?

  - by yar

  Here is my shell script (fscommand/blah.sh): open -a /Applications/TextMate.app/ $1 and here is my ActionScript 3.0: flash.system.fscommand("exec", "blah.sh blah.txt"); this does not work. If I get rid of the $1 from the shell script and the blah.txt it works fine. How can I pass parameters to the shell script? (yes, the shell script works fine with the parameter when called from the command line). Note: This is on OSX but I need this to work on Windows as well. Edit: "Doesn't work" also means no trace, no error :)

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• Installing MonoDevelop on Suse Enterprise 10.0

  - by Robert Harvey

  I tried to install MonoDevelop on Suse 11.0 Enterprise, using the 1-click install on the MonoDevelop download page, but quickly wound up in a tangle of missing dependencies. I then tried using the Suse software repositories to get MonoDevelop, and waded through several of the dependencies for awhile trying to get the necessary packages to fulfill the dependencies, but some of the packages in the Suse repositories actually appear to be missing the needed RPM files. Are these repositories no longer being actively maintained? I am aware that there is a CD on the Mono site (called the Mono LiveCD) that appears to contain a complete installation of the development environment, as well as a DVD for OpenSuse 11.2 (on the OpenSuse site) that might actually have all of the Mono software already installed. But the target environment for the utility I am writing is Suse 11.0 Enterprise Server. Does that matter? What is the shortest distance between two points here?

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• Authenticating Mountain Lion over Ubuntu 12 LDAP [closed]

  - by Sam Hammamy

  Possible Duplicate: Ubuntu OpenLDAP and Mac OS X Roaming Profiles I've installed slapd on Ubuntu 12 after a long long day of trial and error. I've added the apple.ldif schema, and the samba.ldif schema, plus a test user. Last week, I had installed slapd on Ubuntu 11, and was able to authenticate against it from OS X Lion after finding the following blog post: Fixing OpenLDAP Authentication on OS X Lion This suggests running the following commands to fix the authentication problem /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "add ':module options:ldap:Denied SASL Methods:' string CRAM-MD5" /Library/Preferences/OpenDirectory/Configurations/LDAPv3/yourldapserver.plist /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "add ':module options:ldap:Denied SASL Methods:' string NTLM" /Library/Preferences/OpenDirectory/Configurations/LDAPv3/yourldapserver.plist /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "add ':module options:ldap:Denied SASL Methods:' string GSSAPI" /Library/Preferences/OpenDirectory/Configurations/LDAPv3/yourldapserver.plist However, I ran these commands on OS X Mountain Lion, and I am still unable to authenticate. I can't even use the Directory Editor app to examine the AD. I am however able to bind to the server via python-ldap's ldap.simple_bind_s('cn=admin,dc=foo,dc=net,'secret'). The error I am getting when trying to use Director Editor is Error Code (5000)

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• My VARCHAR(MAX) field is capping itself at 4000; what gives?

  - by eidylon

  Hello all... I have a table in one of my databases which is a queue of emails. Emails to certain addresses get accumulated into one email, which is done by a sproc. In the sproc, I have a table variable which I use to build the accumulated bodies of the emails, and then loop through to send each email. In my table var I have my body column defined as VARCHAR(MAX), seeing as there could be any number of emails currently accumulated for a given email address. It seems though that even though my column is defined as VARCHAR(MAX) it is behaving as if it were VARCHAR(4000) and is truncating the data going into it, although it does NOT throw any exceptions, it just silently stops concatenating any more data after 4000 characters. The MERGE statement is where it is building the accumulated email body into @EMAILS.BODY, which is the field that is truncating itself at 4000 characters. Below is the code of my sproc... ALTER PROCEDURE [system].[SendAccumulatedEmails] AS BEGIN SET NOCOUNT ON; DECLARE @SENTS BIGINT = 0; DECLARE @ROWS TABLE ( ROWID ROWID, DATED DATETIME, ADDRESS NAME, SUBJECT VARCHAR(1000), BODY VARCHAR(MAX) ) INSERT INTO @ROWS SELECT ROWID, DATED, ADDRESS, SUBJECT, BODY FROM system.EMAILQUEUE WHERE ACCUMULATE = 1 AND SENT IS NULL ORDER BY ADDRESS, DATED DECLARE @EMAILS TABLE ( ADDRESS NAME, ALLIDS VARCHAR(1000), BODY VARCHAR(MAX) ) DECLARE @PRVRID ROWID = NULL, @CURRID ROWID = NULL SELECT @CURRID = MIN(ROWID) FROM @ROWS WHILE @CURRID IS NOT NULL BEGIN MERGE @EMAILS AS DST USING (SELECT * FROM @ROWS WHERE ROWID = @CURRID) AS SRC ON SRC.ADDRESS = DST.ADDRESS WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET DST.ALLIDS = DST.ALLIDS + ', ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR,ROWID), DST.BODY = DST.BODY + '<i>'+CONVERT(VARCHAR,SRC.DATED,101)+' ' +CONVERT(VARCHAR,SRC.DATED,8) +':</i> <b>'+SRC.SUBJECT+'</b>'+CHAR(13)+SRC.BODY +' (Message ID '+CONVERT(VARCHAR,SRC.ROWID)+')' +CHAR(13)+CHAR(13) WHEN NOT MATCHED BY TARGET THEN INSERT (ADDRESS, ALLIDS, BODY) VALUES ( SRC.ADDRESS, CONVERT(VARCHAR,ROWID), '<i>'+CONVERT(VARCHAR,SRC.DATED,101)+' ' +CONVERT(VARCHAR,SRC.DATED,8)+':</i> <b>' +SRC.SUBJECT+'</b>'+CHAR(13)+SRC.BODY +' (Message ID '+CONVERT(VARCHAR,SRC.ROWID)+')' +CHAR(13)+CHAR(13)); SELECT @PRVRID = @CURRID, @CURRID = NULL SELECT @CURRID = MIN(ROWID) FROM @ROWS WHERE ROWID > @PRVRID END DECLARE @MAILFROM VARCHAR(100) = system.getOption('MAILFROM'), DECLARE @SMTPHST VARCHAR(100) = system.getOption('SMTPSERVER'), DECLARE @SMTPUSR VARCHAR(100) = system.getOption('SMTPUSER'), DECLARE @SMTPPWD VARCHAR(100) = system.getOption('SMTPPASS') DECLARE @ADDRESS NAME, @BODY VARCHAR(MAX), @ADDL VARCHAR(MAX) DECLARE @SUBJECT VARCHAR(1000) = 'Accumulated Emails from LIJSL' DECLARE @PRVID NAME = NULL, @CURID NAME = NULL SELECT @CURID = MIN(ADDRESS) FROM @EMAILS WHILE @CURID IS NOT NULL BEGIN SELECT @ADDRESS = ADDRESS, @BODY = BODY FROM @EMAILS WHERE ADDRESS = @CURID SELECT @BODY = @BODY + 'This is an automated message sent from an unmonitored mailbox.'+CHAR(13)+'Do not reply to this message; your message will not be read.' SELECT @BODY = '<style type="text/css"> * {font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Verdana;} p {margin-top: 10px; padding-top: 10px; border-top: single 1px dimgray;} p:first-child {margin-top: 10px; padding-top: 0px; border-top: none 0px transparent;} </style>' + @BODY exec system.LogIt @SUBJECT, @BODY BEGIN TRY exec system.SendMail @SMTPHST, @SMTPUSR, @SMTPPWD, @MAILFROM, @ADDRESS, NULL, NULL, @SUBJECT, @BODY, 1 END TRY BEGIN CATCH DECLARE @EMSG NVARCHAR(2048) = 'system.EMAILQUEUE.AI:'+ERROR_MESSAGE() SELECT @ADDL = 'TO:'+@ADDRESS+CHAR(13)+'SUBJECT:'+@SUBJECT+CHAR(13)+'BODY:'+@BODY exec system.LogIt @EMSG,@ADDL END CATCH SELECT @PRVID = @CURID, @CURID = NULL SELECT @CURID = MIN(ADDRESS) FROM @EMAILS WHERE ADDRESS > @PRVID END UPDATE system.EMAILQUEUE SET SENT = getdate() FROM system.EMAILQUEUE E, @ROWS R WHERE E.ROWID = R.ROWID END

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