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• How do I tunnel an HTTPS proxy through a virtual machine (VMWare)

  - by Kyle

  I have a personal setup at home using VMWare Workstation. I also have a set of Virtual Private Machines that run Squid, and therefore provide me HTTPS proxy tunnels. Using Proxifier, I can tunnel all traffic for given applications through these tunnels. However, I also have a few virtual machines for dev/staging/experimentation/etc. I generally just use NAT to provide Internet access to the machines, and if I need to use these proxies, I can just setup Proxifier (or a Linux equivalent) to pipe the traffic through them. No problem. But... I got to thinking: Wouldn't it be great if I could assign these proxy tunnels to a virtual machine, so that when I start up the VM, it has instant-on access through the tunnel and not my local connection? (EDIT: Of course, it would USE my local connection, but it would tunnel traffic through the proxy.) To be more clear: I want a solution that binds the proxy to a VM, so that when I start the VM, I don't have to use a proxy client to connect to the tunnel - I am already piping all traffic from that VM through that proxy. I did a bit of searching, and the closest thing I could find was this: How to route public static IP to a virtual machine on a vmware ESXi host? Which wasn't all that applicable. The proxies are protected by user/pass but do not filter by IP. Again, they are HTTPS proxies setup through Squid. Any ideas on how to make this happen? Thanks a ton.

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• Quick guide to Oracle IRM 11g: Configuring SSL

  - by Simon Thorpe

  Quick guide to Oracle IRM 11g index So far in this guide we have an IRM Server up and running, however I skipped over SSL configuration in the previous article because I wanted to focus in more detail now. You can, if you wish, not bother with setting up SSL, but considering this is a security technology it is worthwhile doing. Contents Setting up a one way, self signed SSL certificate in WebLogic Setting up an official SSL certificate in Apache 2.x Configuring Apache to proxy traffic to the IRM server There are two common scenarios in which an Oracle IRM server is configured. For a development or evaluation system, people usually communicate directly to the WebLogic Server running the IRM service. However in a production environment and for some proof of concept evaluations that require a setup reflecting a production system, the traffic to the IRM server travels via a web server proxy, commonly Apache. In this guide we are building an Oracle Enterprise Linux based IRM service and this article will go over the configuration of SSL in WebLogic and also in Apache. Like in the past articles, we are going to use two host names in the configuration below,irm.company.com will refer to the public Apache server irm.company.internal will refer to the internal WebLogic IRM server Setting up a one way, self signed SSL certificate in WebLogic First lets look at creating just a simple self signed SSL certificate to be used in WebLogic. This is a quick and easy way to get SSL working in your environment, however the downside is that no browsers are going to trust this certificate you create and you'll need to manually install the certificate onto any machine's communicating with the server. This is fine for development or when you have only a few users evaluating the system, but for any significant use it's usually better to have a fully trusted certificate in use and I explain that in the next section. But for now lets go through creating, installing and testing a self signed certificate. We use a library in Java to create the certificates, open a console and running the following commands. Note you should choose your own secure passwords whenever you see password below. [oracle@irm /] source /oracle/middleware/wlserver_10.3/server/bin/setWLSEnv.sh [oracle@irm /] cd /oracle/middleware/user_projects/domains/irm_domain/config/fmwconfig/ [oracle@irm /] java utils.CertGen -selfsigned -certfile MyOwnSelfCA.cer -keyfile MyOwnSelfKey.key -keyfilepass password -cn "irm.oracle.demo" [oracle@irm /] java utils.ImportPrivateKey -keystore MyOwnIdentityStore.jks -storepass password -keypass password -alias trustself -certfile MyOwnSelfCA.cer.pem -keyfile MyOwnSelfKey.key.pem -keyfilepass password [oracle@irm /] keytool -import -trustcacerts -alias trustself -keystore TrustMyOwnSelf.jks -file MyOwnSelfCA.cer.der -keyalg RSA We now have two Java Key Stores, MyOwnIdentityStore.jks and TrustMyOwnSelf.jks. These contain keys and certificates which we will use in WebLogic Server. Now we need to tell the IRM server to use these stores when setting up SSL connections for incoming requests. Make sure the Admin server is running and login into the WebLogic Console at http://irm.company.intranet:7001/console and do the following; In the menu on the left, select the + next to Environment to expose the submenu, then click on Servers. You will see two servers in the list, AdminServer(admin) and IRM_server1. If the IRM server is running, shut it down either by hitting CONTROL + C in the console window it was started from, or you can switch to the CONTROL tab, select IRM_server1 and then select the Shutdown menu and then Force Shutdown Now. In the Configuration tab select IRM_server1 and switch to the Keystores tab. By default WebLogic Server uses it's own demo identity and trust. We are now going to switch to the self signed one's we've just created. So select the Change button and switch to Custom Identity and Custom Trust and hit save. Now we have to complete the resulting fields, the setting's i've used in my evaluation server are below. IdentityCustom Identity Keystore: /oracle/middleware/user_projects/domains/irm_domain/config/fmwconfig/MyOwnIdentityStore.jks Custom Identity Keystore Type: JKS Custom Identity Keystore Passphrase: password Confirm Custom Identity Keystore Passphrase: password TrustCustom Trust Keystore: /oracle/middleware/user_projects/domains/irm_domain/config/fmwconfig/TrustMyOwnSelf.jks Custom Trust Keystore Type: JKS Custom Trust Keystore Passphrase: password Confirm Custom Trust Keystore Passphrase: password Now click on the SSL tab for the IRM_server1 and enter in the alias and passphrase, in my demo here the details are; IdentityPrivate Key Alias: trustself Private Key Passphrase: password Confirm Private Key Passphrase: password And hit save. Now lets test a connection to the IRM server over HTTPS using SSL. Go back to a console window and start the IRM server, a quick reminder on how to do this is... [oracle@irm /] cd /oracle/middleware/user_projects/domains/irm_domain/bin [oracle@irm /] ./startManagedWeblogic IRM_server1 Once running, open a browser and head to the SSL port of the server. By default the IRM server will be listening on the URL https://irm.company.intranet:16101/irm_rights. Note in the example image on the right the port is 7002 because it's a system that has the IRM services installed on the Admin server, this isn't typical (or advisable). Your system is going to have a separate managed server which will be listening on port 16101. Once you open this address you will notice that your browser is going to complain that the server certificate is untrusted. The images on the right show how Firefox displays this error. You are going to be prompted every time you create a new SSL session with the server, both from the browser and more annoyingly from the IRM Desktop. If you plan on always using a self signed certificate, it is worth adding it to the Windows certificate store so that when you are accessing sealed content you do not keep being informed this certificate is not trusted. Follow these instructions (which are for Internet Explorer 8, they may vary for your version of IE.) Start Internet Explorer and open the URL to your IRM server over SSL, e.g. https://irm.company.intranet:16101/irm_rights. IE will complain that about the certificate, click on Continue to this website (not recommended). From the IE Tools menu select Internet Options and from the resulting dialog select Security and then click on Trusted Sites and then the Sites button. Add to the list of trusted sites a URL which mates the server you are accessing, e.g. https://irm.company.intranet/ and select OK. Now refresh the page you were accessing and next to the URL you should see a red cross and the words Certificate Error. Click on this button and select View Certificates. You will now see a dialog with the details of the self signed certificate and the Install Certificate... button should be enabled. Click on this to start the wizard. Click next and you'll be asked where you should install the certificate. Change the option to Place all certificates in the following store. Select browse and choose the Trusted Root Certification Authorities location and hit OK. You'll then be prompted to install the certificate and answer yes. You also need to import the root signed certificate into the same location, so once again select the red Certificate Error option and this time when viewing the certificate, switch to the Certification Path tab and you should see a CertGenCAB certificate. Select this and then click on View Certificate and go through the same process as above to import the certificate into the store. Finally close all instances of the IE browser and re-access the IRM server URL again, this time you should not receive any errors. Setting up an official SSL certificate in Apache 2.x At this point we now have an IRM server that you can communicate with over SSL. However this certificate isn't trusted by any browser because it's path of trust doesn't end in a recognized certificate authority (CA). Also you are communicating directly to the WebLogic Server over a non standard SSL port, 16101. In a production environment it is common to have another device handle the initial public internet traffic and then proxy this to the WebLogic server. The diagram below shows a very simplified view of this type of deployment. What i'm going to walk through next is configuring Apache to proxy traffic to a WebLogic server and also to use a real SSL certificate from an official CA. First step is to configure Apache to handle incoming requests over SSL. In this guide I am configuring the IRM service in Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 update 3 and Apache 2.2.3 which came with OpenSSL and mod_ssl components. Before I purchase an SSL certificate, I need to generate a certificate request from the server. Oracle.com uses Verisign and for my own personal needs I use cheaper certificates from GoDaddy. The following instructions are specific to Apache, but there are many references out there for other web servers. For Apache I have OpenSSL and the commands are; [oracle@irm /] cd /usr/bin [oracle@irm bin] openssl genrsa -des3 -out irm-apache-server.key 2048 Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus ............................+++ .........+++ e is 65537 (0x10001) Enter pass phrase for irm-apache-server.key: Verifying - Enter pass phrase for irm-apache-server.key: [oracle@irm bin] openssl req -new -key irm-apache-server.key -out irm-apache-server.csr Enter pass phrase for irm-apache-server.key: You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:US State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:CA Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:San Francisco Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:Oracle Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Security Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:irm.company.com Email Address []:[email protected] Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []:testing An optional company name []: You must make sure to remember the pass phrase you used in the initial key generation, you will need this when later configuring Apache. In the /usr/bin directory there are now two new files. The irm-apache-server.csr contains our certificate request and is what you cut and paste, or upload, to your certificate authority when you purchase and validate your SSL certificate. In response you will typically get two files. Your server certificate and another certificate file that will likely contain a set of certificates from your CA which validate your certificate's trust. Next we need to configure Apache to use these files. Typically there is an ssl.conf file which is where all the SSL configuration is done. On my Oracle Enterprise Linux server this file is located in /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf and i've added the following lines. <VirtualHost irm.company.com> # Setup SSL for irm.company.com ServerName irm.company.com SSLEngine On SSLCertificateFile /oracle/secure/irm.company.com.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /oracle/secure/irm.company.com.key SSLCertificateChainFile /oracle/secure/gd_bundle.crt </VirtualHost> Restarting Apache (apachectl restart) and I can now attempt to connect to the Apache server in a web browser, https://irm.company.com/. If all is configured correctly I should now see an Apache test page delivered to me over HTTPS. Configuring Apache to proxy traffic to the IRM server Final piece in setting up SSL is to have Apache proxy requests for the IRM server but do so securely. So the requests to Apache will be over HTTPS using a legitimate certificate, but we can also configure Apache to proxy these requests internally across to the IRM server using SSL with the self signed certificate we generated at the start of this article. To do this proxying we use the WebLogic Web Server plugin for Apache which you can download here from Oracle. Download the zip file and extract onto the server. The file extraction reveals a set of zip files, each one specific to a supported web server. In my instance I am using Apache 2.2 32bit on an Oracle Enterprise Linux, 64 bit server. If you are not sure what version your Apache server is, run the command /usr/sbin/httpd -V and you'll see version and it its 32 or 64 bit. Mine is a 32bit server so I need to extract the file WLSPlugin1.1-Apache2.2-linux32-x86.zip. The from the resulting lib folder copy the file mod_wl.so into /usr/lib/httpd/modules/. First we want to test that the plug in will work for regular HTTP traffic. Edit the httpd.conf for Apache and add the following section at the bottom. LoadModule weblogic_module modules/mod_wl.so <IfModule mod_weblogic.c>    WebLogicHost irm.company.internal    WebLogicPort 16100    WLLogFile /tmp/wl-proxy.log </IfModule> <Location /irm_rights>    SetHandler weblogic-handler </Location> <Location /irm_desktop>    SetHandler weblogic-handler </Location> <Location /irm_sealing>    SetHandler weblogic-handler </Location> <Location /irm_services>    SetHandler weblogic-handler </Location> Now restart Apache again (apachectl restart) and now open a browser to http://irm.company.com/irm_rights. Apache will proxy the HTTP traffic from the port 80 of your Apache server to the IRM service listening on port 16100 of the WebLogic Managed server. Note above I have included all four of the Locations you might wish to proxy. http://irm.company.internalirm_rights is the URL to the management website, /irm_desktop is the URL used for the IRM Desktop to communicate. irm_sealing is for web services based document sealing and irm_services is for IRM server web services. The last two are typically only used when you have the IRM server integrated with another application and it is unlikely you'd be accessing these resources from the public facing Apache server. However, just in case, i've mentioned them above. Now let's enable SSL communication from Apache to WebLogic. In the ZIP file we extracted were some more modules we need to copy into the Apache folder. Looking back in the lib that we extracted, there are some more files. Copy the following into the /usr/lib/httpd/modules/ folder. libwlssl.so libnnz11.so libclntsh.so.11.1 Now the documentation states that should only need to do this, but I found that I also needed to create an environment variable called LD_LIBRARY_PATH and point this to the folder /usr/lib/httpd/modules/. If I didn't do this, starting Apache with the WebLogic module configured to SSL would throw the error. [crit] (20014)Internal error: WL SSL Init failed for server: (null) on 0 So I had to edit the file /etc/profile and add the following lines at the bottom. You may already have the LD_LIBRARY_PATH variable defined, therefore simply add this path to it. LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/httpd/modules/ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH Now the WebLogic plug in uses an Oracle Wallet to store the required certificates.You'll need to copy the self signed certificate from the IRM server over to the Apache server. Copy over the MyOwnSelfCA.cer.der into the same folder where you are storing your public certificates, in my example this is /oracle/secure. It's worth mentioning these files should ONLY be readable by root (the user Apache runs as). Now lets create an Oracle Wallet and import the self signed certificate from the IRM server. The file orapki was included in the bin folder of the Apache 1.1 plugin zip you extracted. orapki wallet create -wallet /oracle/secure/my-wallet -auto_login_only orapki wallet add -wallet /oracle/secure/my-wallet -trusted_cert -cert MyOwnSelfCA.cer.der -auto_login_only Finally change the httpd.conf to reflect that we want the WebLogic Apache plug-in to use HTTPS/SSL and not just plain HTTP. <IfModule mod_weblogic.c>    WebLogicHost irm.company.internal    WebLogicPort 16101    SecureProxy ON    WLSSLWallet /oracle/secure/my-wallet    WLLogFile /tmp/wl-proxy.log </IfModule> Then restart Apache once more and you can go back to the browser to test the communication. Opening the URL https://irm.company.com/irm_rights will proxy your request to the WebLogic server at https://irm.company.internal:16101/irm_rights. At this point you have a fully functional Oracle IRM service, the next step is to create a sealed document and test the entire system.

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• Connection Pooling is Busted

  - by MightyZot

  A few weeks ago we started getting complaints about performance in an application that has performed very well for many years.  The application is a n-tier application that uses ADODB with the SQLOLEDB provider to talk to a SQL Server database.  Our object model is written in such a way that each public method validates security before performing requested actions, so there is a significant number of queries executed to get information about file cabinets, retrieve images, create workflows, etc.  (PaperWise is a document management and workflow system.)  A common factor for these customers is that they have remote offices connected via MPLS networks. Naturally, the first thing we looked at was the query performance in SQL Profiler.  All of the queries were executing within expected timeframes, most of them were so fast that the duration in SQL Profiler was zero.  After getting nowhere with SQL Profiler, the situation was escalated to me.  I decided to take a peek with Process Monitor.  Procmon revealed some “gaps” in the TCP/IP traffic.  There were notable delays between send and receive pairs.  The send and receive pairs themselves were quite snappy, but quite often there was a notable delay between a receive and the next send.  You might expect some delay because, presumably, the application is doing some thinking in-between the pairs.  But, comparing the procmon data at the remote locations with the procmon data for workstations on the local network showed that the remote workstations were significantly delayed.  Procmon also showed a high number of disconnects. Wireshark traces showed that connections to the database were taking between 75ms and 150ms.  Not only that, but connections to a file share containing images were taking 2 seconds!  So, I asked about a trust.  Sure enough there was a trust between two domains and the file share was on the second domain.  Joining a remote workstation to the domain hosting the share containing images alleviated the time delay in accessing the file share.  Removing the trust had no affect on the connections to the database. Microsoft Network Monitor includes filters that parse TDS packets.  TDS is the protocol that SQL Server uses to communicate.  There is a certificate exchange and some SSL that occurs during authentication.  All of this was evident in the network traffic.  After staring at the network traffic for a while, and examining packets, I decided to call it a night.  On the way home that night, something about the traffic kept nagging at me.  Then it dawned on me…at the beginning of the dance of packets between the client and the server all was well.  Connection pooling was working and I could see multiple queries getting executed on the same connection and ethereal port.  After a particular query, connecting to two different servers, I noticed that ADODB and SQLOLEDB started making repeated connections to the database on different ethereal ports.  SQL Server would execute a single query and respond on a port, then open a new port and execute the next query.  Connection pooling appeared to be broken. The next morning I wrote a test to confirm my hypothesis.  Turns out that the sequence causing the connection nastiness goes something like this: Make a connection to the database. Open a result set that returns enough records to require multiple roundtrips to the server. For each result, query for some other data in the database (this will open a new implicit connection.) Close the inner result set and repeat for every item in the original result set. Close the original connection. Provided that the first result set returns enough data to require multiple roundtrips to the server, ADODB and SQLOLEDB will start making new connections to the database for each query executed in the loop.  Originally, I thought this might be due to Microsoft’s denial of service (ddos) attack protection.  After turning those features off to no avail, I eventually thought to switch my queries to client-side cursors instead of server-side cursors.  Server-side cursors are the default, by the way.  Voila!  After switching to client-side cursors, the disconnects were gone and the above sequence yielded two connections as expected. While the real problem is the amount of time it takes to make connections over these MPLS networks (100ms on average), switching to client-side cursors made the problem go away.  Believe it or not, this is actually documented by Microsoft, and rather difficult to find.  (At least it was while we were trying to troubleshoot the problem!)  So, if you’re noticing performance issues on slower networks, or networks with slower switching, take a look at the traffic in a tool like Microsoft Network Monitor.  If you notice a high number of disconnects, and you’re using fire-hose or server-side cursors, then try switching to client-side cursors and you may see the problem go away. Most likely, Microsoft believes this to be appropriate behavior, because ADODB can’t guarantee that all of the data has been retrieved when you execute the inner queries.  I’m not convinced, though, because the problem remains even after replacing all of the implicit connections with explicit connections and closing those connections in-between each of the inner queries.  In that case, there doesn’t seem to be a reason why ADODB can’t use a single connection from the connection pool to make the additional queries, bringing the total number of connections to two.  Instead ADO appears to make an assumption about the state of the connection. I’ve reported the behavior to Microsoft and am awaiting to hear from the appropriate team, so that I can demonstrate the problem.  Maybe they can explain to us why this is appropriate behavior.  :)

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• How can I configure Symantec Endpoint Protection Agent to allow access to windows shares?

  - by Peter Bernier

  I'm having some difficulties exposing a standard windows file share on a Windows Embedded Standard 2009 device that is running Symantec Endpoint Protection Agent 5.1. I'm using simply file sharing to expose a particular directory. That share is visible locally on the machine and externally visible when I disable the endpoint protection agent. I've added a rule (and moved it to the to ensure priority) allowing all hosts access on TDP ports 137,138,138,445 and another rule allowing UDP access on ports 137,138,139. When I try to connect, two endpoint protection dialogs pop up saying: Traffic has been blocked from this application: NWLINK2 IPX Protocol Driver (nwlnkipx.sys) Traffic has been blocked from this application: IPv6 driver (tcpip6.sys) I'm not using IPv6 anywhere. Interestingly, I discovered a workaround in that I can white-list all traffic from the subnet the device is on, which meets my needs, but I'm still curious as to why my original approach wasn't successful. Can anyone suggestion a reason why the above endpoint protection rules won't allow me to access windows file shares on the device?

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• Setup Exchange 2007 ActiveSync web application on a separate server

  - by mwillmott

  Hello, I have Exchange 2007 installed on SBS 2008. I also run a web server on the network. I only have one static IP and all traffic trough port 443 is routed to the webserver. I would like to publish the ActiveSync application externally. If i temporarily route 443 traffic to the SBS then it is published (along with owa and everything else which i don't want). Is there a way to host the ActiveSync application on the web server (Server 2008 with IIS7) or to get it to route traffic meant for the ActiveSync application? I have tried creating a site on the webserver which uses the ActiveSync folder on the SBS but that does not seem to work. Thanks, Michael

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• Best solution for Multi-WAN failover (inside & out)?

  - by Sean O

  Looking for a way to setup 2 ISPs in failover mode, for both incoming & outgoing traffic, for our small (<100 devices) network. The leading contender for now seems to be the Peplink Balance 310. However, a reseller I spoke with said it's great for 100% outgoing connectivity, but didn't seem to be confident in its abilities to handle incoming traffic. This is important as we host our own web site, Exchange e-mail, and virtual desktops (RDP). Do any Peplink owners use this for failover of incoming traffic? Are there other devices I should be considering? We're currently using a Cisco 1800 series router & ASA 5500 series firewall, with Comcast & T-1 lines (the goal being to replace the T with DSL/FiOS {whenever that becomes availble}). Price range: ~$1000 - $2500 USD. Thanks.

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• Are there any tools for monitoring individual Apache virtual hosts in real-time?

  - by Dave Forgac

  I'm looking for a way to monitor and record Apache traffic, separated by virtual host. I am currently using Munin to capture this and other data for the entire server however I can't seem to find a way to do this by vhost. This link describes using a module called mod_watch which is apparently no longer in development: http://www.freshnet.org/wordpress/2007/03/08/monitoring-apaches-virtualhost-with-munin/ The file that is listed as being compatible with Apache 2.x is reported to have problems with missing vhosts an reporting data correctly. Does anyone know of a reliable way to determine real-time traffic per vhost? If I can find this it should be easy enough to write a new Munin plugin. Edit: What I'd really like to see is something similar to the Apache server-status scoreboard page with the number of connections / requests separated by virtual host. This would give me the ability to check which vhost may be experiencing a spike in traffic in real time and would also provide the data needed for a Munin module (or some alternative performance monitoring / analysis system.)

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• How to set the preffered network interface in linx

  - by Mike Cooper

  I have my network set up like this. http://docs.google.com/Doc?docid=0AZ1YxuLE4djaZGhqN2s1NmRfMjhjNjc0Ym1meg&hl=en In words: I have a machine (Calcium, running Arch Linux) that has two network interfaces. eth0 is hoooked up to a router, and is gigabit. Eth1 is hooked up directly to the university network over 10Megabit. The router's uplink is hooked up to the university network as well, and it is also 10Megabit. Currently (I believe) all traffic on Calcium is going through eth0, through the router, regardless of whether it is internal or external. (How can I confirm this?) Ideally, traffic that is destined for the internal network (192.168.10.0/24) would travel over eth0 to the router, and wherever it is going. ALL other traffic should go over eth1. I suspect that this behavior could be acheived with IP tables? I don't really know where to start looking to learn that though, so any links would be appreciated.

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• IPSEC tunnel Fortinet Transparent Mode to inside Fortinet firewall in NAT Mode does not respond to i

  - by TrevJen

  I have 2 fortinet firewalls (fully patched); fw1 is providing an IPSEC tunnel in transparent mode. beneath this firewall is a fw2, a NAT firewall with a VIP address that has been confirmed to work. This configuration is required for my customers who want to connect to a public address space inside of the tunnel, in order to prevent cross over in IP space. This configuration works great for traffic going outbound to the remote side of the tunnel, but not inbound. While sniffing the traffic, I can see the inbound traffic going out of the fw1, but it is never seen at the fw2. Cust Net > 10.1.1.100 | | | FW1 >TRANSPARENT IPSEC | | | FW2 EXT >99.1.1.1.100-VIP | FW2 NAT >192.1.1.100-NAT

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• multicast tcpdump and subscriptions

  - by Karoly Horvath

  From the multicast howto: IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP. Recall that you need to tell the kernel which multicast groups you are interested in. If no process is interested in a group, packets destined to it that arrive to the host are discarded. If you don't do that, you won't see those packets with tcpdump. Is it possible to subscribe to all multicast traffic so I can do a tcpdump for all existing traffic? I would think IGMP doesn't allow this, so probably not.. but maybe you can configure a switch to still send all multicast traffic. Is that possible? Is it possible to do subscription (for a specific IP) with a command line tool? (note: I know how to do this in C.. but would prefer to use an existing tool and not compile a separate program for this)

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• Can I easily use a VPN to duplicate SSH Tunneling functionality?

  - by Steve V.

  Right now, when I want to use an unsecured wireless connection with my (Linux) laptop, I secure my connection using a variation of the method provided here. However, to the best of my knowledge, the (non-jailbroken) iPad does not allow applications to tunnel traffic through local ports. However, it does seem to allow certain VPN traffic. I have never set up, or even used, a VPN before. I'm looking for confirmation that I'm not barking up the wrong tree before I invest significant effort into setting up my own VPN server. If I want to secure my wireless iPad traffic over an unsecure wireless connection, would I be on the right track by looking at a VPN?

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• Linux policy routing - packets not coming back

  - by Bugsik

  i am trying to set up policy routing on my home server. My network looks like this: Host routed VPN gateway Internet link through VPN 192.168.0.35/24 ---> 192.168.0.5/24 ---> 192.168.0.1 DSL router 10.200.2.235/22 .... .... 10.200.0.1 VPN server The traffic from 192.168.0.32/27 should be and is routed through VPN. I wanted to define some routing policies to route some traffic from 192.168.0.5 through VPN as well - for start - from user with uid 2000. Policy routing is done using iptables mark target and ip rule fwmark. The problem: When connecting using user 2000 from 192.168.0.5 tcpdump shows outgoing packets, but nothing comes back. Traffic from 192.168.0.35 works fine (here I am not using fwmark but src policy). Here is my VPN gateway setup: # uname -a Linux placebo 3.2.0-34-generic #53-Ubuntu SMP Thu Nov 15 10:49:02 UTC 2012 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux # iptables -V iptables v1.4.12 # ip -V ip utility, iproute2-ss111117 IPtables rules (all policies in table filter are ACCEPT) # iptables -t mangle -nvL Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 770K packets, 314M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 767K packets, 312M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 5520 packets, 1920K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 782K packets, 901M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 74 4707 MARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner UID match 2000 MARK set 0x3 Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 788K packets, 903M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination # iptables -t nat -nvL Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 996 packets, 51172 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 7 packets, 432 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 1364 packets, 112K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 2302 packets, 160K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 119 7588 MASQUERADE all -- * vpn 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Routing: # ip addr show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,PROMISC,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master lan state UNKNOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:40:63:f9:c3:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: lan: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP link/ether 00:40:63:f9:c3:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.0.5/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global lan inet6 fe80::240:63ff:fef9:c38f/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: vpn: <POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 100 link/none inet 10.200.2.235/22 brd 10.200.3.255 scope global vpn # ip rule show 0: from all lookup local 32764: from all fwmark 0x3 lookup VPN 32765: from 192.168.0.32/27 lookup VPN 32766: from all lookup main 32767: from all lookup default # ip route show table VPN default via 10.200.0.1 dev vpn 10.200.0.0/22 dev vpn proto kernel scope link src 10.200.2.235 192.168.0.0/24 dev lan proto kernel scope link src 192.168.0.5 # ip route show default via 192.168.0.1 dev lan metric 100 10.200.0.0/22 dev vpn proto kernel scope link src 10.200.2.235 192.168.0.0/24 dev lan proto kernel scope link src 192.168.0.5 TCP dump showing no traffic coming back when connection is made from 192.168.0.5 user 2000 # tcpdump -i vpn tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on vpn, link-type RAW (Raw IP), capture size 65535 bytes ### Traffic from user 2000 on 192.168.0.5 ### 10:19:05.629985 IP 10.200.2.235.37291 > 10.100-78-194.akamai.com.http: Flags [S], seq 2868799562, win 14600, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 6887764 ecr 0,nop,wscale 4], length 0 10:19:21.678001 IP 10.200.2.235.37291 > 10.100-78-194.akamai.com.http: Flags [S], seq 2868799562, win 14600, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 6891776 ecr 0,nop,wscale 4], length 0 ### Traffic from 192.168.0.35 ### 10:23:12.066174 IP 10.200.2.235.49247 > 10.100-78-194.akamai.com.http: Flags [S], seq 2294159276, win 65535, options [mss 1460,nop,wscale 4,nop,nop,TS val 557451322 ecr 0,sackOK,eol], length 0 10:23:12.265640 IP 10.100-78-194.akamai.com.http > 10.200.2.235.49247: Flags [S.], seq 2521908813, ack 2294159277, win 14480, options [mss 1367,sackOK,TS val 388565772 ecr 557451322,nop,wscale 1], length 0 10:23:12.276573 IP 10.200.2.235.49247 > 10.100-78-194.akamai.com.http: Flags [.], ack 1, win 8214, options [nop,nop,TS val 557451534 ecr 388565772], length 0 10:23:12.293030 IP 10.200.2.235.49247 > 10.100-78-194.akamai.com.http: Flags [P.], seq 1:480, ack 1, win 8214, options [nop,nop,TS val 557451552 ecr 388565772], length 479 10:23:12.574773 IP 10.100-78-194.akamai.com.http > 10.200.2.235.49247: Flags [.], ack 480, win 7776, options [nop,nop,TS val 388566081 ecr 557451552], length 0

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• Configuring Ubuntu for Global SOCKS5 proxy

  - by x50

  Does anyone know the best way to configure Ubuntu to use a SOCKS5 proxy for all network traffic? Server is ubuntu server - all cli. So I cannot set via the Proxy Settings GUI. We want to push all outbound traffic through the proxy (apt-get, http, https, etc). I do need to separate ssh traffic so it stays locally. Everything else should hit the proxy server. not that it matters, but I'm using Squid for the proxy server. I know this is easy on Mac and Windows as you can set a proxy on the actual network interface. Can you do the same on Ubuntu?

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• How to set the preferred network interface in linux

  - by Mike Cooper

  I have my network set up like this. http://docs.google.com/Doc?docid=0AZ1YxuLE4djaZGhqN2s1NmRfMjhjNjc0Ym1meg&hl=en In words: I have a machine (Calcium, running Arch Linux) that has two network interfaces. eth0 is hoooked up to a router, and is gigabit. Eth1 is hooked up directly to the university network over 10Megabit. The router's uplink is hooked up to the university network as well, and it is also 10Megabit. Currently (I believe) all traffic on Calcium is going through eth0, through the router, regardless of whether it is internal or external. (How can I confirm this?) Ideally, traffic that is destined for the internal network (192.168.10.0/24) would travel over eth0 to the router, and wherever it is going. ALL other traffic should go over eth1.

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• Cisco IOS PBR - PBRing Skype

  - by Azz

  I've got a very simple question, which seems to be extremely difficult when put into practice. I have a Cisco IOS router with two Internet links (one over a WAN, through a proxy, everywhere, etc.) the other direct Internet. Most traffic destined for the internet goes through the proxy over the WAN. I want Skype traffic (why the client uses skype, I don't know..) to go out of the Internet link, while the rest of the traffic goes over the WAN through the proxy, etc. Apparently skype is very difficult to detect/classify because of it's many adaptations to being blocked. Is there any way to identify Skype on an IOS router (2911), and set it's next hop IP/interface? Thank you, Aaron

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• Configure Nginx On Separate Server For Zimbra Webmail

  - by alphadogg

  How do I properly configure a server with nginx to front for a Zimbra server with multiple domains? I run a small SOHO network. I NAT/port forwarding on my Comcast router to get traffic to my handful of servers. I setup a server with Zimbra, call it host1.internal.local. The server currently has two domains, call them domain1.com and domain2.com. Both offer webmail access at webmail.domain1.com and webmail.domain2.com. I have a separate server with nginx. I want to configure nginx to reverse proxy, such that I can direct all HTTP/HTTPS, and send webmail traffic via matched host address/headers to the Zimbra server. If possible, I'd like to know how to map IMAP, POP and SMTP traffic too. How would I do this?

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• How do you implement NAT-T passthrough on a Juniper SRX series Firewall?

  - by Chris

  We have 3 juniper SRX-100 firewalls, they are configured like so: FW1 - FW2 - INTERNET - FW3 We would like to create an IPSEC tunnel between FW3 and FW1 passing through FW2 preferably using NAT-T. Is this possible? FW1 and FW2 have some strict access rules only allowing 1 port connected (it's a DMZ with a server in) so we can't just create a route based vpn between FW1 and FW2 to forward the traffic (otherwise all traffic will be forwarded) We know the tunnel is fine because we have managed to test it between FW1 and FW3 (without FW2 in the middle) so we know that the issue is to do with the 'passthrough' on FW2. Essentially, the question is - What options do we need to select on FW2 to enable it to pass through the IPSEC traffic straight to FW1? Many thanks in advance

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• php mail not arrives at gmail, not at local server

  - by thomas

  The php mail function I am using does not work completely. It will sent mails to gmail easy enough. However, emails routed directly to my internally hosted exchange server are not getting through. The servers/domains are setup is as follows. URLs are registered with Network solutions (www.independentsservice.com & www.isco.net) NS directs all traffic to our ISP (Socket.net). Socket directs as follows: Mail to our local server FTP to our local server HTTP to our website hosted on Chihost.com Traffic to our local server goes through a Watchguard firewall which routes mail traffic to our locally hosted Exchange server. Is there some reason why exchange won't accept these emails? Thanks!

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• Is span monitoring on Cisco ASA 5520 possible?

  - by Brent

  From what I have read, you can use the switchport monitor command on ASA 5505's to setup a Span port due to the back of the ASA actually being a switch. On my 5520, I do not see the switchport command listed when issuing a ? via the CLI. How do people monitor traffic on non-5505's? My goal is to connect our IDS/IPS device that is running is promiscuous mode to a Ethernet port on the 5520 to monitor WAN traffic. I do not want to have to pass the WAN traffic through a switch as it would require me to get two (for redundancy) STP/switchport capable switches. Guide to setting up switchport access on a 5505: http://www.wr-mem.com/?p=66

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• How to automatically restart RRAS service after OpenVPN

  - by JT

  I have OpenVPN set up on a Windows Server 2003 box using a routed configuration. This allows users to connect and access the work LAN subnet. There are remote hosts/services however that are only accessible when used via the work network. To enable access these, I push routes out to the clients to make sure traffic to these destinations goes across the VPN, and NAT the traffic using RRAS. This all works, except: if I restart the OpenVPN service, network traffic stops working until I restart the RRAS service as well. Is there a good way for me to make the RRAS service start/restart after OpenVPN? Are service dependencies the way to go? Obviously I could write a batch file to do this, but I'd like to make the process as bullet-proof and obvious as I can so it doesn't cause problems for other admins.

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• Commerce Server 2009 with SharePoint 2010 experiences

  - by rsteckly

  Hi, I'm trying to decide to between using MojoPortal for my organizations CMS or Commerce Server 2009 with SharePoint 2010. We already have SharePoint 2010 for our intranet. In that thinking, perhaps it would make sense to deploy the same technology? We do not have a lot of traffic but do need basic e-commerce functionality. I haven't really found a lot of documentation for Commerce Server 2009. It would have to share the same server with SharePoint 2010. I'm not worried about that because of the low traffic. I'm worried about how difficult it is to install. Is it a nightmare product to install or is it pretty straightforward? Is it unrealistic for it to share a server with SharePoint 2010, even in relatively low traffic? Any experiences with administering MojoPortal? Thanks!

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• HAProxy NGInx SSL setup

  - by Niclas

  I've been looking around different setups for a server cluster supporting SSL and I would like to benchmark my idea with you. Requirements: All servers in the cluster should be under the same full domain name. (http and https) Routing to subsystems is done on URI matching in HA proxy. All URIs have support for SSL support. Wish: Centralizing routing rules ---<----http-----<-- | | Inet -->HA--+---https--->NGInx_SSL_1..N | | +---http---> Apache_1..M | +---http---> NodeJS Idea: Configure HA to route all SSL traffic (mode=tcp,algorithm=Source) to an NGInx cluster turning https traffic into http. Re-pass the http traffic from NGInx to the HA for normal load-balancing which performs load balancing based on HA config. My question is simply: Is this the best way to to configure based on requirements above?

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• Can I set up a 2nd home wireless router, with router2 connecting to the internet through a desktop which is wirelessly connected to router1?

  - by gil b.

  Hi, I apologize for the crudeness of my MSPaint drawing, but please view my diagram of what I'd like to accomplish: Proposed home network architecture Currently, all devices are connected to 1 wireless router. I would like to make my own subnet, with a box in-between my subnet and the shared wireless router, so that I can learn about IDS, traffic analysis, etc. I was also given a cisco PIX firewall to play around with, and it'd be an added bonus if I could incorporate that into my network. The reason for this proposed architecture is so that I can monitor all MY traffic, without seeing anything going on with my roommates' traffic. my MAIN Question is, is it possible to have my desktop connect to the wireless router with internet via wireless card AND share that connection via the ethernet card, hooked to wireless router 2? cable modem - wireless router - desktop pc connected wirelessly - wireless router 2 getting internet from wired connection to desktop pc - laptops connected wirelessly The PIX can be left out for now, but I'm wondering if it could eventually be incorporated? THANKS!

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• Microsoft Forefront Management Gateway 2010 - Which topology to choose for monitoring only server?

  - by MadBoy

  Hello, I've installed Forefront and wanted to use it as monitoring traffic solution until we decide to put it as a router. I've 2 nic's assigned to this virtual machine. One NIC has connected port which is "mirror port" of our WAN redirected on switch so it sees all the network traffic flying by. The other NIC is internet access. This server is located inside our lan network. What topology should i choose and which options I should look at to be able to see which traffic is used (SMTP, WWW etc) and who does what? We had cases of infected machines with spam and we want to be able to see that some machine is sending large amounts of mails. Is that possible ?

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• On RouterOS, how will transparent proxying (with DNAT) affect reporting of netflows?

  - by Tim

  I have a box running Mikrotik RouterOS, which is set up to do transparent web proxying, as described here. In short, this means that I have a firewall rule for destination NAT causing any port 80 traffic to get redirected to port 8080 on the router, which is received by the Mikrotik local web proxy. The local web proxy then makes the web request on the client's behalf, in this case to a parent web proxy server (which in turn does the real web request). My question is, how will this two-part process get reported in the logging of traffic flow information (netflows)? Looking at the logged information, what I seem to be seeing is this: One flow recorded from client machine (private IP) to remote proxy (8080) Another flow recorded from router to remote proxy (8080) The original request that the client made to port 80 isn't recorded. I want to write code to analyse traffic usage, so I want to be sure I'm not losing information if I discard the latter of these.

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