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How to disable the RAID in x3400 M2
- by BanKtsu
Hi I just wanna disable the default RAID in my server IBM System X3400 M2 Server(7837-24X),i have 3 disk drives SAS. I want to make them a JBOD "Just a Bunch Of Disks", because I want to install in the drive 0 CentOS, and the other two make them cache files for a squid server. I disable the RAID in the BIOS: System Settings/Adapters and UEFI drivers/LSI Logic Fusion MPT SAS Driver -PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x3,0X0)/Pci(0x0,0x0) LSI Logic MPT Setup Utility RAID Properties/Delete Array Later I boot the CentOS live CD and install the OS in the drive 0, and the others 2 mounted like this: *LVM Volume Groups vg_proxyserver 139508 lv_root 51200 / ext4 lv_home 84276 /home ext4 lv_swap 4032 Hard Drive sdb(/dev/sdb) free 140011 sdc(/dev/sdc) free 140011 sdd(/dev/sdd) sdd1 500 /boot ext4 sdd2 139512 vg_proxyserver physical volume(LVM) But when I restart the server give me the error: Boot failed Hard Disk 0 UEFI PXE PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1,0X0)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(001A64B15130,0X0)) ........PXE-E18:Server response timeout. UEFI PXE PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1,0X0)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(001A64B15132,0X0)) ........PXE-E18:Server response timeout. and the OS not start. The IBM force me to do a RAID?,why?Read the article
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New Dell PE R710 - Storage Question
- by rihatum
Hi All, Dell PE R710, received from Dell in the following state : Windows Disk 0 1800GB ( Volume C & D ) Windows Disk 1 526 GB (Volume E ) Perc6i Integrated Raid Controller 6 x 500GB Nearline SAS 7200RPM HDDs Raid 5 Configuration with two Virtual Disks I have installed Dell open Manage and it shows the following : Virtual Disk 0 - State : Background Initialization ( 7% ) Virtual Disk 1 - State : Background Initialization ( 25% ) Now when I click on Virtual Disk 0 it shows me all 6 Disks and the same happens when I click on Virtual Disk 1 it displays all 6 disks. But when I click on Storage Perc6i Connector 0 I get 4 Physical disks with the following numbers : Physical Disk 0:0:0 Physical Disk 0:0:1 Physical Disk 0:0:2 Physical Disk 0:0:3 When I click on Storage Perc6i Connector 1 I get 2 Physical Disks Listed in the following way : Physical Disk 1:0:4 Physical Disk 1:0:5 I am a little confused in this description, does this 1:0:4 interprets to Controller1, Disk4. Does this integrated raid card have two controllers coming out of it ? Also, When I first switched on the machine, the boot partition was showing 1GB Available out of 40GB, now its showing 38GB available out of 40GB. Is this because the Virtual Disks are still Initializing ? Any recommendations or suggestions ? Also, this server have 6 x 500GB NearLine SAS Hard drives, what would be a good raid config ? We are planning to use it for Hyper-V with quite a few (7 or 8) virtual servers, your suggestions would be helpful. Also, while the virtual disks are in a initialization state, can I destroy and re-create the raid configuration ? I would have to do it at the BIOS CTRL-M ? Thanks and RegardsRead the article
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How to completely disable laptop sound?
- by Alvaro Rodriguez
I have a HP Pavillion DV7 laptop with win 8 pro. The laptop has an unidentified problem with sound drivers or hardware that sometimes causes volume to constantly jiggle up and down. This is very annoying because of these consequences: Renders mute unusable - as the volume changes the sound unmutes automatically Causes an annoying win 8 "surface UI" notification to appear constantly in the upper left corner, which is distracting enough by itself, but more importantly Renders the whole "surface UI" unusable, because it loses focus whenever the sound changing notification appears When the jiggling happens, the laptop also loses the ability to redirect sound to earphones - sound comes out of the speakers even if earphones are connected. To solve these issues I want to completely disable sound in the laptop (I've tried reinstalling drivers several times to no end). I have tried disabling all sound related drivers and devices in the Device Manager but Windows re-enables those automatically whenever I restart the laptop. The BIOS doesn't have any settings to disable sound hardware either. Please don't suggest having the laptop sound serviced or fixed. It's not worth the expense. I just want to remove sound support so I can use it normally. It is very unusable as it is now.Read the article
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NetBackup prefers "Scratch" tapes over dedicated tapes
- by wfaulk
I have a NetBackup 6.0MP7 installation running on Windows Server 2003. It functions as the only Master Server and Media Server. I swap a full set of tapes in and out every week, but leave a set of tapes with their Volume Pool set to "Scratch" in all the time. The weekly tape sets then get rotated back in after a period of time. Largely, this works fine. I seldom actually need the scratch tapes, but every once in a while, a backup will run over what I have dedicated to the task. However, one week's set of tapes consistently gets declined in favor of the scratch pool. The backup policies are the same for every week, they all have "Policy Volume Pool" set to "NetBackup", and all of the tapes for every week (beside the scratch tapes) have had their pools assigned as "NetBackup", definitely including the week that always gets ignored. That said, it doesn't ignore all of the NetBackup pool tapes for that week. It does usually write to two or three of them, but it writes to like 20 of the scratch tapes. (I haven't thought to look to see if it's always the same two or three tapes.) And this problem never seems to occur for any other week. It doesn't load the tapes and then reject them; it never seems to try to use them at all. They are not flagged as frozen. They are all active and unassigned when I swap them in. The tapes are in a Quantum PX510 tape library. The NetBackup server is attached to the library/robot via fibrechannel going through an HP-branded Brocade switch. I'm not an expert on NetBackup at all. I don't really even know where to look. Any advice on logs to look at or logging to enable or really anything at all would be appreciated. I'll keep an eye on the question and update it if anyone needs any more info to help.Read the article
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QuickTime Player sounds much better than iTunes
- by Gene Goykhman
I am playing a 320 kpbs encoded music MP3 in iTunes and the sound is substantially worse than the exact same file played back in QuickTime Player (Max OS X 10.8.5). I have maxed out system volume and iTunes playback volume. I have disabled all the audio processing features in iTunes (equalization, sound enhancer, etc.) The audio coming from iTunes still sounds resampled and/or processed, whereas QuickTime Player appears to be playing it "as is". Even when I Get Info on the MP3 file in Finder and play it back directly from the Get Info window it sounds good. It's just iTunes that seems to be mangling the song. I can notice a difference on virtually all my music, so it's not just one particular MP3. I suspect the issue is that iTunes is doing some kind of audio processing but I can't find a way to turn it off. This is the newest iTunes (11.1), but the problem has probably been going on for a while... I just switched to decent earbuds and started noticing the difference. What's the best way to force iTunes to play back the file as-is, or as close as possible to how QuickTime Player/Finder would play it?Read the article
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Looking for a comprehensive/"expert" guide to BCD parameters
- by Stilez
I'm interested in educating myself about BCD on Windows 8. There are many, many "walkthrough" guides" and "howtos", but I can't find any guides at typical "enthusiast" level covering what each option or argument in a BCD /ENUM dump might mean, and the principles governing how these all work together. Imagine trying to rebuild or debug BCD (including EFI/BIOS variants and recovery/hibernate/memtest sections, and perhaps multiple boot Windows/WinPE/WinRE) from scratch using just BCDedit + DiskPart, and trying to understand rather than just copy/pasting commands. That's roughly the knowledge I'm after. Example questions might be: How is a BCD /ENUM dump to be read, item by item? How do its sections work together? (A lot of guides only show a specific example rather than explaining all the all common args that can exist and what they mean, they don't actually explain how sections work together, or they assume MBR/BIOS/Vista/7 and omit info needed for EFI/GPT/Dynamic disks/8) Partitions are specified by volume letter or as a \Device\HarddiskVolumeNNN. Why does it sometimes show these items as a letter and sometimes as a GUID? What are the practical differences if any? What exactly is syntax like "ramdisk=[C:]\Images\winpe.wim,{ramdiskoptions}" saying, and how will the drive letter "C" be interpreted at runtime in a line like this? Is the drive in such a line always "C:" (most examples assume so) and if not, when wouldn't it be? Many websites state that an sdi device and path may be needed in some sections of BCD, but what is sdi and what are these args doing when they appear? How does the GUID to HDD volume/partition mapping work under EFI/GPT? So that if disks or partitions/volumes change it's clear how one can confirm from basic principles whether data shown in BCD /ENUM ALL is still correct or not. Does anyone know of a suitable reference source for this kind of raw BCD data and structures? Thanks!Read the article
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Using mixed disks and OpenFiler to create RAID storage
- by Cylindric
I need to improve my home storage to add some resilience. I currently have four disks, as follows: D0: 500Gb (System, Boot) D1: 1Tb D2: 500Gb D3: 250Gb There's a mix of partitions on there, so it's not JBOD, but data is pretty spread out and not redundant. As this is my primary PC and I don't want to give up the entire OS to storage, my plan is to use OpenFiler in a VM to create a virtual SAN. I will also use Windows Software RAID to mirror the OS. Partitions will be created as follows: D0 P1: 100Mb: System-Reserved Boot D0 P2: 50Gb: Virtual Machine VMDKs for OS D0 P3: 350Gb: Data D1 P1: 100Mb: System-Reserved Boot D1 P2: 50Gb: Virtual Machine VMDKs for OS D1 P3: 800Gb: Data D2 P1: 450Gb: Data D3 P1: 200Gb: Data This will result in: Mirrored boot partition Mirrored Operating system Mirrored Virtual machine O/S disks Four partitions for data In the four data partitions I will create several large VMDK files, which I will "mount" into OpenFiler as block-storage devices, combined into three RAID arrays (due to the differing disk sizes) In effect, I'll end up with the following usable partitions SYSTEM 100Mb the small boot partition created by the Windows 7 installer (RAID-1) HOST 50Gb the Windows 7 partition (RAID-1) GUESTS 50Gb Virtual machine Guest VMDK's (RAID-1) VG1 900Gb Volume group consisting of a RAID-5 and two RAID-1 VG2 300Gb Volume group consisting of a single disk On VG1 I can dynamically assign storage for my media, photographs, documents, whatever, and it will be safe. On VG2 I can dynamically assign storage for my data that is not critical, and easily recoverable, as it is not safe. Are there any particular 'gotchas' when implementing a virtual OpenFiler like this? Is the recovery process for a failing disk going to be very problematic? Thanks.Read the article
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Syncronization between folders MAC OS Lion
- by Andre Carvalho
I have an iMac at home and I use a Macbook pro for work. I also have a time capsule at home containing my main folder with my main files. I use it as a NAS besides the Time Machine backup tool. I have several personal files I need to be accessing both at home and at work. My wife, who works at home, uses sometimes the same .XLS files and .DOC files I might have used during my day at work, away from home. My question is: Is there a software, or tool that a I can use to sync my iMac and my MB Pro folders? Remembering that: There might be a chance that my wife and I have changed the same files during the day, so the files would have to be merged so none of the information added by either me or my wife would be lost. The software/tool that would be installed on the MB Pro would need to mount the Time Capsule volume so it could locate the main folder on it. It has to be done automatically when my MB is at home ( with a schedule option ); I have tested some softwares like synctwofolders and Chronosync but none fulfilled all my needs. The first couldn't mount the Time Capsule Volume and didn't have the many schedule options. I really liked Chronosync, but it doesn't merge the files. When it detects a conflict ( for instance: my wife changed a .DOC file on the iMAC and I changed the same file on the MB it asks you to choose which version you want to keep instead of allowing you simply to merge them ). I don't have much experience with automator or scripts but maybe you can give me a hand with that.Read the article
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Safe mode boot with no change on screen but ongoing hard disk activity - why?
- by omatai
I have a machine with a dying hard drive - bad sectors are starting to multiply :-( The first sign (24 hours ago) was that it had an unmountable boot volume. At this time, I tried booting to safe mode with command prompt, which worked, after which I rebooted normally and ran a chkdsk. It has since been working as well as I could expect, but slowly getting less reliable. So I scheduled another chkdsk on both partitions (C: - boot, D: - data), having freed up a lot of space on both partitions to give Windows a little more scope for repairs (hopefully?). I then rebooted. On reboot, it protested about the unmountable boot volume again, so I booted to safe mode. I got the same list of drivers loaded as yesterday, and then no change to the screen for the past 2 hours. However, I see a flickering hard drive indicator light - not always on, but seldom ever off. What is happening? Is the chkdsk that runs in safe mode one which produces nothing on the screen and so chkdsk could be doing its thing... or is Windows still trying (but failing) to boot into Safe Mode?Read the article
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Windows XP consuming drive letters
- by billdehaan
This one's a bit of a stumper. I'm running XP SP3, current with all fixes, etc. My problem is that I can assign a drive letter to a container file (explained below), it works just fine. But once I close the container, the drive letter is no longer available until the next boot. I've got some confidential data that I've placed in a container volume. I've used TrueCrypt (www.truecrypt.com) and FreeOTFE (www.freeotfe.org), with both installed and portable versions for both, with the same result. I open the container file, assign it to a drive letter (say R:), and run some portable apps that are within the volume. When I'm done, I close the container, and the drive letter is released. Fine so far. However, when I attempt to re-open it, the previous drive letter (in this case R:) is no longer available. It's not mapped to anything, it's just unavailable. Even attempting something like "subst R: C:\" returns "Invalid Parameter - R:". I can use the S: drive, no problem, but the next day I have to use T:, then U:, etc. Eventually, I have to reboot to reclaim all of of the drive letters. Unfortunately, everything I've read about drive letters relates to USB assignments, which doesn't apply here. I've tried the "show hidden" command (set devmgr_show_nonpresent_devices=1) with no success. And the Disk Management tool doesn't apply either, since it's not a physical drive. Does anyone know where Windows keeps the list of drive letters? And is there anything short of a reboot that can be used to reset it?Read the article
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Moving MySQL directory on an Amazon EC2 machine
- by Traveling Tech Guy
I'm trying to have MySQL point to a directory on an EBS volume I mounted on my EC2 machine. I took th following steps: Stopped MySQL (/etc/init.d/mysqld stop) - successful Created a MySQL directory on my volume, mounted on /vol (mkdir /vol/mysql) Copied the contents of /var/lib/mysql to /vol/mysql (cp -R /var/lib/mysql /vol/mysql) Chanded the owner and group of that directory to match the original (chown -R mysql:mysql /vol/mysql) - after this step, the 2 directories are identical. Edited the /etc/my.cnf file (commented 2 original lines): [mysqld] #datadir=/var/lib/mysql #socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock datadir=/vol/mysql socket=/vol/mysql/mysql.sock` Started MySQL (/etc/init.d/mysqld start) - FAILED The error file /var/log/mysqld.log contains the following lines: 100205 20:52:54 mysqld started 100205 20:52:54 InnoDB: Started; log sequence number 0 43665 100205 20:52:54 [Note] /usr/libexec/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '5.0.45' socket: '/vol/mysql/mysql.sock' port: 3306 Source distribution No other errors are available. What am I doing wrong? Where can I find the error/s encountered by MySql? If I restore the original lines, MySQL starts, leading me to believe it may be a permissions issue - but permissions are the same for both directories? Thanks!Read the article
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Can't access my accelerated hard disk from msdos after installing linux on ssd cache
- by Chibueze Opata
I mistakenly installed Linux Mint on my ssd (forgot my PC actually came with one), when it detected a ~31GiB disk that it wanted to install to, I was a bit confused since I had brought out 30Gb in my primary disk for it, but I clicked continue. After installation, I tried to boot back into my Windows and it brought out some Intel Raid Disk Utility stuff saying I should disable acceleration on a disk something couldn't be found, I canceled it but whatever I tried, recovery tools, setups etc, I couldn't just access the drive which was apparently using the SSD as cache. Since then I've been stuck. I tried setting the 'raid' flag to the disk from 'gParted', still I couldn't. I tried the diskraid utility from windows recover disk, it said it couldn't detect any raid, diskpart sees the partition but doesn't see the volume, when I remove the raid flag, it sees the volume as one of raw type, and I can't access anything. I can however mount the drive from terminal in Mint and access my files, but I don't have any backup media at the moment so I can do a factory re-install. Please how do I go about solving the issue, precisely I would like to know how to boot into the drive again. Thanks!Read the article
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Creating RAID1 on Windows Server causes not enough disk space error
- by northpole
I have three disks. Disk0 (boot), Disk1 and Disk2. Disk 1 and 2 are both unformatted and unallocated drives. I am trying to mirror Disk0 to Disk1. They are both Dynamic and are both the same size (1TB). When I select Disk1 to be the mirror I get the error "There is not enough space available on the disk(s) to complete this operation". I have spent several hours searching for a solution but have not found one. Why do I get this error when they are both the same size? EDIT: Shrinking the volume size on the boot disk by 100MB allowed me to get past this error. From what I read the mirror drive needs to be the same size or larger than the boot drive. So I am confused why that change worked. However, I now get the error " all disks holding extents for a given volume must have the same sector size and the sector size must be valid". I believe this is because the drives are different and one has 512B and the other is the Advanced Drive that is 4KB. What the different sector sizes cause both problems? If I got the same disks would both issues go away?Read the article
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Debian software raid 1: boot from both disk
- by bsreekanth
I newly installed debian squeeze with software raid.The way I did was, as also given in this thread. I have 2 HDD with 500 GB each. For each of them, I created 3 partitions (/boot, / and swap) I selected the hard drive and created a new partition table I created a new partition that was 1GB. I then specified to use the partition as a Physical Volume for RAID. and used for /boot and enabled bootable. Created another partition, which is of 480 GB, and then specified to use the partition as a Physical Volume for RAID. and used for /. Created another partion and used for swap Then RAID configuration: Through Configure RAID menu - create MD device - (2 for the number of drives, 0 for spare devices) Next select the partitions you want to be members of /dev/MD0. I selected /dev/sda1 and /dev/sdb1 (for /boot) Next select the partitions you want to be members of /dev/MD1. I selected /dev/sda6 and /dev/sdb6 (for /) And no RAID for swap partitions 'Finish Partitioning and write changes to disk' -- Finish the rest of the install like normal Everything is ok now, except I am not sure how to test my raid config. When I pull the power of the HDD, it only boots from one disk. I read in some forum that I may have to install GRUB manually on the other. In Debian Squeeze, there is no grub command. Not sure how to make my software raid bootable from both disk. Also, please comment on my steps above. Anything unusual. I configured /boot partitions of both disks to be boot=yes. Not sure whether that is ok. Thanks, BsrRead the article
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Can't mount FAT32 drive under Ubuntu Linux
- by Josh
I have a 320GB USB drive with a single large FAT32 partition. The volume mounts perfectly fine on my Mac OS X 10.5.8 machine and Disk Utility on the mac reports no issues with the volume. I can read/write all data on the drive. However when I connect the drive to my Ubuntu 9.10 Karmic system, the partition does not mount. dmesg|tail says: [ 2752.334822] scsi3 : SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices [ 2752.335040] usb-storage: device found at 3 [ 2752.335044] usb-storage: waiting for device to settle before scanning [ 2757.330301] usb-storage: device scan complete [ 2757.331005] scsi 3:0:0:0: Direct-Access WD 3200AAK External 1.65 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0 [ 2757.331772] sd 3:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0 [ 2757.355647] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] 625142448 512-byte logical blocks: (320 GB/298 GiB) [ 2757.360737] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off [ 2757.360749] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 00 00 00 00 [ 2757.360755] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 2757.367618] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 2757.367631] sdb: sdb1 [ 2762.797622] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 2762.797636] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk [ 2822.866228] FAT: bogus number of reserved sectors [ 2822.866237] VFS: Can't find a valid FAT filesystem on dev sdb1. When I run fsck.vfat -a /dev/sdb1 I get: root@cartman:~# fsck.vfat -a /dev/sdb1 dosfsck 3.0.3, 18 May 2009, FAT32, LFN Logical sector size is zero. Googling "vfat Logical sector size is zero" produced no consensus as to the solution. I would prefer not to have to completely reformat the disk if possible because it contains about 280GB of data I would rather not have to find a temporary home for. Any suggestions?Read the article
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Trying to delete a directory stored on a WIndows server, mounted on a mac
- by AdamG
I am trying to delete a directory stored on a Windows 2008 R2 server, mounted on a Mac as network home (10.8.5). The directory was created by Safari and stores temporary internet files. I need to be able to delete this folder on logout from a Mac bash script. The Terminal on Mac shows the directory as empty: 36W-FacRm-02:History lwickham$ cd /home/lwickham/Library/Caches/Metadata/Safari/History 36W-FacRm-02:History lwickham$ ls -al total 0 drwx------ 1 lwickham CGPS\Domain Users 264 Nov 8 09:24 . drwx------ 1 lwickham CGPS\Domain Users 264 Nov 8 09:28 .. However, on the Windows server it has a single 0kb file that doesn't start with a "." but yet is invisible to the Mac. E:\FacultyHome2\lwickham\Library\Caches\Metadata\Safari\History>dir Volume in drive E is FacultyUsers2 Volume Serial Number is 8C17-4EF3 Directory of E:\FacultyHome2\lwickham\Library\Caches\Metadata\Safari\History 11/08/2013 09:24 AM <DIR> . 11/08/2013 09:24 AM <DIR> .. 11/07/2013 04:28 PM 0 http?%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Furl?sa=t&rct= j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=6&ved=0CFsQFjAF&url=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.usbanklocat ions.com%252Fhsbc-bank-usa-96th-street-branch.html&ei=5vR7UtmXEPjfsATe0YCIBA&usg =AFQjCNF9ypKbpYbXRng00FY3W8Y6cF1Tiw&bvm=bv.56146854,d. 1 File(s) 0 bytes 2 Dir(s) 514,231,967,744 bytes free All my attempts to delete the dir from the Mac have failed: 36W-FacRm-02:History lwickham$ rm -fr /home/lwickham/Library/Caches/Metadata/Safari/History/* 36W-FacRm-02:History lwickham$ rm -frd /home/lwickham/Library/Caches/ rm: /home/lwickham/Library/Caches//Metadata/Safari/History: Directory not empty rm: /home/lwickham/Library/Caches//Metadata/Safari: Directory not empty rm: /home/lwickham/Library/Caches//Metadata: Directory not empty rm: /home/lwickham/Library/Caches/: Directory not emptyRead the article
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Static noise in headphones
- by John Murdoch
I have a Asus P6T based system. I was using the on-board sound (plugging in Logitech X-230 2.1 analog speakers in the green "front speakers" 3.5mm analog output, then plugging in my headphones in that). I was quite happy with the sound quality (didn't hear any static noise if volume was turned down to my normal listening level). Then about a week ago I started having terrible static noise from the left channel, and no normal audio on that left channel. Right channel had more static noise than usual but did have a bit of sound. I tried using the AC'97 in front of my case but that seemed to have no signal. I decided my on-board sound card has gone bad and bought an internal sound card to replace it (Startech 7.1Ch PCI). This fixed the "no sound from left channel problem", but I had much more audible static noise. I decided the card was low quality and/or it had interference from all the other things happening inside the computer case, and bought a Sweex SC016 external USB sound card. But even with that I have static noise in headphones. Positioning the USB sound card differently doesn't seem to help. Trying the other analog outputs (e.g., surround) doesn't help. The static noise in all cases is proportional to the volume. I have tried different headphones, but the situation is situation though perhaps the flavour of the static noise changes slightly. So what are my options? a) Get another, more expensive, external USB sound card hoping the quality will improve? b) Get another, more expensive, internal sound card (PCIe 1x perhaps) hoping the quality will improve? c) Get a dedicated DAC box? d) Get some Hi-Fi earphones? Suggestions? tl;dr - Two different sound cards both still have static noise in headphones.Read the article
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Re-sizing disk partition linux/vm
- by Tiffany Walker
I VM Player running a linux guest and I was wanting to know how do I expand the disk? In the VM player I gave more disk space but I am not sure how to mount/expand/connect the new disk space to the system. My old disk space was 14GB [root@localhost ~]# df -h / Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 14G 4.5G 8.2G 36% / Then I expanded it and now I see sda2 which is the new space? [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 15665 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000cd44d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 64 2611 20458496 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 14.5 GB, 14537457664 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1767 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 6408 MB, 6408896512 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 779 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Do I need to mount the new space first? resize2fs -p /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 108849018880 resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) The containing partition (or device) is only 3549184 (4k) blocks. You requested a new size of 1474836480 blocks. resize2fs -p /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 128849018880 resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) resize2fs: Invalid new size: 128849018880 [root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L+90GB /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root Extending logical volume lv_root to 103.54 GiB Insufficient free space: 23040 extents needed, but only 0 available [root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L90GB /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root Extending logical volume lv_root to 90.00 GiB Insufficient free space: 19574 extents needed, but only 0 available EDIT: So after trying pvcreate/vgextend nothing has so far worked. I'm guessing the new disk space added from VM Player is not showing up? pvscan PV /dev/sda2 VG VolGroup lvm2 [19.51 GiB / 0 free] Total: 1 [19.51 GiB] / in use: 1 [19.51 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]Read the article
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Problems mounting HPUX LVM+VXFS filesystem on Linux
- by golimar
I have a physical disk from a HPUX system that I need to access from a Debian Linux for ia64 system. From the hpux-lvm-tools project I have the tools to access the HPUX LVMs (Linux LVM has a different format) and I also have the freevxfs driver. I know beforehand that the disk has three partitions, and that the biggest one contains LVM volumes, and some of those are VxFS filesystems. I can see the partitions: # cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 32 143374744 sdc 8 33 512000 sdc1 8 34 142452736 sdc2 8 35 409600 sdc3 It finds a VG in one of the disk partitions: # ./vgscan_hpux On /dev/sdc2 - vg1328874723 # ./pvdisplay_hpux /dev/sdc2 PV General Information ---------------------- VG Creation Time Fri Feb 10 12:52:03 2012 Physical Volume ID 1766760336 1328874723 Volume Group ID 1766760336 1328874723 Physical Volumes in VG 1766760336 1328874723 VG Actication Mode 0 - LOCAL PE Size 64 MBs Lvol sizes ---------- lvol1 - 8 Extents - 512 MBs lvol2 - 192 Extents - 12288 MBs lvol3 - 16 Extents - 1024 MBs ... lvol21 - 13 Extents - 832 MBs lvol22 - 224 Extents - 14336 MBs lvol23 - 16 Extents - 1024 MBs Then I activate that VG and some new devices appear in my system: # ./pvactivate_hpux /dev/sdc2 VG vg1328874723 Activated succesfully with 23 lvols. # # ll /dev/mapper/ total 0 crw------- 1 root root 10, 59 Nov 26 16:08 control lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 26 16:38 vg1328874723-lvol1 -> ../dm-0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 26 16:38 vg1328874723-lvol10 -> ../dm-9 ... lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 26 16:38 vg1328874723-lvol8 -> ../dm-7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 26 16:38 vg1328874723-lvol9 -> ../dm-8 But: # mount /dev/mapper/vg1328874723-lvol18 /mnt/tmp mount: you must specify the filesystem type # mount -t vxfs /dev/mapper/vg1328874723-lvol18 /mnt/tmp mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/mapper/vg1328874723-lvol18, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so # lsmod |grep vxfs freevxfs 23905 0 I also tried to identify the raw data with the file command and it just says 'data': # file -s /dev/mapper/vg1328874723-lvol18 /dev/mapper/vg1328874723-lvol18: symbolic link to `../dm-17' # file -s /dev/dm-17 /dev/dm-17: data # Any clues?Read the article
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Western Digitial My Book: Can't access the data on the drive
- by Bryan Denny
My girlfriend has this external hard drive by Western Digital called a My Book. When the external drive is connected, it does not show it as an accessible disk drive on the computer. However, it shows up fine in Device Manager: I can also see it in Disk Management, but the volume is not mapped to a drive letter, nor can I change the drive letter: It only gives me access to Delete Volume: I would rather not lose the data on the drive if possible. What can I do from here to get to the data? Things I've tried/know: Uninstall drivers and re-install them Device does the same thing when attach to either her Win7 laptop or my Win8 laptop I don't think there's an issue with the HDD itself. No clicking noises, etc. I ran Western Digital Data LifeGuard Diangostics (DLGDIAG) and the SMART Status was a "PASS", all of the SMART Disk Information looked fine. I haven't had the time to run the diag tests yet but I do not believe it's a mechanical issue. The hard drive is inside of an enclosure, I have not attempted to pry the drive out yet. How can I get Windows to properly detect this drive?Read the article
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linux hardware raid 10 / lvm / virtual machine partition alignment and filesystem optimization
- by Jason Ward
I've been reading everything I can find about partition alignment and filesystem optimization (ext4 and xfs) but still don't know enough to be confident in setting up my current configuration. My remaining confusion comes from the LVM layer and if I should use raid parameters on the filesystem in guest os'es. My main questions are: When I use 'pvcreate --dataalignment' do I use the stripe-width as calculated for a filesystem on RAID (128kB for ext4 in my situation), the Stripe size of the RAID set (256kB), something else altogether, or do I not need this? When I create ext2/3/4 or xfs filesystems in guests on the Logical Volumes, should I add the settings for the underlying RAID (e.g. mkfs.ext4 -b 4096 -E stride=64,stripe-width=128)? Does anyone see any glaring errors in my set up below? I'm running some benchmarks now but haven't done enough to start comparing results. I have four drives in RAID 10 on a 3ware 9750-4i controller (more details on the settings below) giving me a 6.0TB device at /dev/sda. Here is my partition table: Model: LSI 9750-4i DISK (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 5722024MiB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1.00MiB 257MiB 256MiB ext4 BOOTPART boot 2 257MiB 4353MiB 4096MiB linux-swap(v1) 3 4353MiB 266497MiB 262144MiB ext4 4 266497MiB 4460801MiB 4194304MiB Partition 1 is to be the /boot partition for my xen host. Partition 2 is swap. Partition 3 is to be the root (/) for my xen host. Partition 4 is to be (the only) physical volume to be used by LVM (for those who are counting, I left about 1.2TB unallocated for now) For my Xen guests, I usually create a Logical Volume of the needed size and present it to the guests for them to partition as needed. I know there are other ways of handling that but this method works best for my situation. Here's the hardware of interest on my CentOS 6.3 Xen Host: 4x Seagate Barracuda 3TB ST3000DM001 Drives (sector size: 512 logical/4096 physical) 3ware 9750-4i w/BBU (sector size reported: 512 logical/512 physical) All four drives make up a RAID 10 array. Stripe: 256kB Write Cache enabled Read Cache: intelligent StoreSave: Balance Thanks!Read the article
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Command does not execute in crontab while command itself works just fine
- by fuzzybee
I have this script from Colin Johnson on Github - https://github.com/colinbjohnson/aws-missing-tools/tree/master/ec2-automate-backup It seems great. I have modified it to send email to myself every time an EBS snapshot is created or deleted. The following works like a charm ec2-automate-backup.sh -v "vol-myvolumeid" -k 3 However, it does not execute at all as part of my crontab (I didn't receive any emails) #some command that got commented out */5 * * * * ec2-automate-backup.sh -v "vol-fb2fbcdf" -k 3; * * * * * date /root/logs/crontab.log; */5 * * * * date /root/logs/crontab2.log Please note that the 2nd and 3rd execute just fines as I can see the date and time in log files. What could I have missed here? The full ec2-automate-backup.sh is as follows: #!/bin/bash - # Author: Colin Johnson / [email protected] # Date: 2012-09-24 # Version 0.1 # License Type: GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE, Version 3 # #confirms that executables required for succesful script execution are available prerequisite_check() { for prerequisite in basename ec2-create-snapshot ec2-create-tags ec2-describe-snapshots ec2-delete-snapshot date do #use of "hash" chosen as it is a shell builtin and will add programs to hash table, possibly speeding execution. Use of type also considered - open to suggestions. hash $prerequisite &> /dev/null if [[ $? == 1 ]] #has exits with exit status of 70, executable was not found then echo "In order to use `basename $0`, the executable \"$prerequisite\" must be installed." 1>&2 | mailx -s "Error happened 0" [email protected] ; exit 70 fi done } #get_EBS_List gets a list of available EBS instances depending upon the selection_method of EBS selection that is provided by user input get_EBS_List() { case $selection_method in volumeid) if [[ -z $volumeid ]] then echo "The selection method \"volumeid\" (which is $app_name's default selection_method of operation or requested by using the -s volumeid parameter) requires a volumeid (-v volumeid) for operation. Correct usage is as follows: \"-v vol-6d6a0527\",\"-s volumeid -v vol-6d6a0527\" or \"-v \"vol-6d6a0527 vol-636a0112\"\" if multiple volumes are to be selected." 1>&2 | mailx -s "Error happened 1" [email protected] ; exit 64 fi ebs_selection_string="$volumeid" ;; tag) if [[ -z $tag ]] then echo "The selected selection_method \"tag\" (-s tag) requires a valid tag (-t key=value) for operation. Correct usage is as follows: \"-s tag -t backup=true\" or \"-s tag -t Name=my_tag.\"" 1>&2 | mailx -s "Error happened 2" [email protected] ; exit 64 fi ebs_selection_string="--filter tag:$tag" ;; *) echo "If you specify a selection_method (-s selection_method) for selecting EBS volumes you must select either \"volumeid\" (-s volumeid) or \"tag\" (-s tag)." 1>&2 | mailx -s "Error happened 3" [email protected] ; exit 64 ;; esac #creates a list of all ebs volumes that match the selection string from above ebs_backup_list_complete=`ec2-describe-volumes --show-empty-fields --region $region $ebs_selection_string 2>&1` #takes the output of the previous command ebs_backup_list_result=`echo $?` if [[ $ebs_backup_list_result -gt 0 ]] then echo -e "An error occured when running ec2-describe-volumes. The error returned is below:\n$ebs_backup_list_complete" 1>&2 | mailx -s "Error happened 4" [email protected] ; exit 70 fi ebs_backup_list=`echo "$ebs_backup_list_complete" | grep ^VOLUME | cut -f 2` #code to right will output list of EBS volumes to be backed up: echo -e "Now outputting ebs_backup_list:\n$ebs_backup_list" } create_EBS_Snapshot_Tags() { #snapshot tags holds all tags that need to be applied to a given snapshot - by aggregating tags we ensure that ec2-create-tags is called only onece snapshot_tags="" #if $name_tag_create is true then append ec2ab_${ebs_selected}_$date_current to the variable $snapshot_tags if $name_tag_create then ec2_snapshot_resource_id=`echo "$ec2_create_snapshot_result" | cut -f 2` snapshot_tags="$snapshot_tags --tag Name=ec2ab_${ebs_selected}_$date_current" fi #if $purge_after_days is true, then append $purge_after_date to the variable $snapshot_tags if [[ -n $purge_after_days ]] then snapshot_tags="$snapshot_tags --tag PurgeAfter=$purge_after_date --tag PurgeAllow=true" fi #if $snapshot_tags is not zero length then set the tag on the snapshot using ec2-create-tags if [[ -n $snapshot_tags ]] then echo "Tagging Snapshot $ec2_snapshot_resource_id with the following Tags:" ec2-create-tags $ec2_snapshot_resource_id --region $region $snapshot_tags #echo "Snapshot tags successfully created" | mailx -s "Snapshot tags successfully created" [email protected] fi } date_command_get() { #finds full path to date binary date_binary_full_path=`which date` #command below is used to determine if date binary is gnu, macosx or other date_binary_file_result=`file -b $date_binary_full_path` case $date_binary_file_result in "Mach-O 64-bit executable x86_64") date_binary="macosx" ;; "ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV)"*) date_binary="gnu" ;; *) date_binary="unknown" ;; esac #based on the installed date binary the case statement below will determine the method to use to determine "purge_after_days" in the future case $date_binary in gnu) date_command="date -d +${purge_after_days}days -u +%Y-%m-%d" ;; macosx) date_command="date -v+${purge_after_days}d -u +%Y-%m-%d" ;; unknown) date_command="date -d +${purge_after_days}days -u +%Y-%m-%d" ;; *) date_command="date -d +${purge_after_days}days -u +%Y-%m-%d" ;; esac } purge_EBS_Snapshots() { #snapshot_tag_list is a string that contains all snapshots with either the key PurgeAllow or PurgeAfter set snapshot_tag_list=`ec2-describe-tags --show-empty-fields --region $region --filter resource-type=snapshot --filter key=PurgeAllow,PurgeAfter` #snapshot_purge_allowed is a list of all snapshot_ids with PurgeAllow=true snapshot_purge_allowed=`echo "$snapshot_tag_list" | grep .*PurgeAllow'\t'true | cut -f 3` for snapshot_id_evaluated in $snapshot_purge_allowed do #gets the "PurgeAfter" date which is in UTC with YYYY-MM-DD format (or %Y-%m-%d) purge_after_date=`echo "$snapshot_tag_list" | grep .*$snapshot_id_evaluated'\t'PurgeAfter.* | cut -f 5` #if purge_after_date is not set then we have a problem. Need to alter user. if [[ -z $purge_after_date ]] #Alerts user to the fact that a Snapshot was found with PurgeAllow=true but with no PurgeAfter date. then echo "A Snapshot with the Snapshot ID $snapshot_id_evaluated has the tag \"PurgeAllow=true\" but does not have a \"PurgeAfter=YYYY-MM-DD\" date. $app_name is unable to determine if $snapshot_id_evaluated should be purged." 1>&2 | mailx -s "Error happened 5" [email protected] else #convert both the date_current and purge_after_date into epoch time to allow for comparison date_current_epoch=`date -j -f "%Y-%m-%d" "$date_current" "+%s"` purge_after_date_epoch=`date -j -f "%Y-%m-%d" "$purge_after_date" "+%s"` #perform compparison - if $purge_after_date_epoch is a lower number than $date_current_epoch than the PurgeAfter date is earlier than the current date - and the snapshot can be safely removed if [[ $purge_after_date_epoch < $date_current_epoch ]] then echo "The snapshot \"$snapshot_id_evaluated\" with the Purge After date of $purge_after_date will be deleted." ec2-delete-snapshot --region $region $snapshot_id_evaluated echo "Old snapshots successfully deleted for $volumeid" | mailx -s "Old snapshots successfully deleted for $volumeid" [email protected] fi fi done } #calls prerequisitecheck function to ensure that all executables required for script execution are available prerequisite_check app_name=`basename $0` #sets defaults selection_method="volumeid" region="ap-southeast-1" #date_binary allows a user to set the "date" binary that is installed on their system and, therefore, the options that will be given to the date binary to perform date calculations date_binary="" #sets the "Name" tag set for a snapshot to false - using "Name" requires that ec2-create-tags be called in addition to ec2-create-snapshot name_tag_create=false #sets the Purge Snapshot feature to false - this feature will eventually allow the removal of snapshots that have a "PurgeAfter" tag that is earlier than current date purge_snapshots=false #handles options processing while getopts :s:r:v:t:k:pn opt do case $opt in s) selection_method="$OPTARG";; r) region="$OPTARG";; v) volumeid="$OPTARG";; t) tag="$OPTARG";; k) purge_after_days="$OPTARG";; n) name_tag_create=true;; p) purge_snapshots=true;; *) echo "Error with Options Input. Cause of failure is most likely that an unsupported parameter was passed or a parameter was passed without a corresponding option." 1>&2 ; exit 64;; esac done #sets date variable date_current=`date -u +%Y-%m-%d` #sets the PurgeAfter tag to the number of days that a snapshot should be retained if [[ -n $purge_after_days ]] then #if the date_binary is not set, call the date_command_get function if [[ -z $date_binary ]] then date_command_get fi purge_after_date=`$date_command` echo "Snapshots taken by $app_name will be eligible for purging after the following date: $purge_after_date." fi #get_EBS_List gets a list of EBS instances for which a snapshot is desired. The list of EBS instances depends upon the selection_method that is provided by user input get_EBS_List #the loop below is called once for each volume in $ebs_backup_list - the currently selected EBS volume is passed in as "ebs_selected" for ebs_selected in $ebs_backup_list do ec2_snapshot_description="ec2ab_${ebs_selected}_$date_current" ec2_create_snapshot_result=`ec2-create-snapshot --region $region -d $ec2_snapshot_description $ebs_selected 2>&1` if [[ $? != 0 ]] then echo -e "An error occured when running ec2-create-snapshot. The error returned is below:\n$ec2_create_snapshot_result" 1>&2 ; exit 70 else ec2_snapshot_resource_id=`echo "$ec2_create_snapshot_result" | cut -f 2` echo "Snapshots successfully created for volume $volumeid" | mailx -s "Snapshots successfully created for $volumeid" [email protected] fi create_EBS_Snapshot_Tags done #if purge_snapshots is true, then run purge_EBS_Snapshots function if $purge_snapshots then echo "Snapshot Purging is Starting Now." purge_EBS_Snapshots fi cron log Oct 23 10:24:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28214]: (root) CMD (root (ec2-automate-backup.sh -v "vol-fb2fbcdf" -k 3;)) Oct 23 10:24:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28215]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab.log;) Oct 23 10:25:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28228]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab.log;) Oct 23 10:25:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28229]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab2.log) Oct 23 10:26:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28239]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab.log;) Oct 23 10:27:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28247]: (root) CMD (root (ec2-automate-backup.sh -v "vol-fb2fbcdf" -k 3;)) Oct 23 10:27:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28248]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab.log;) Oct 23 10:28:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28263]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab.log;) Oct 23 10:29:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28275]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab.log;) Oct 23 10:30:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28292]: (root) CMD (root (ec2-automate-backup.sh -v "vol-fb2fbcdf" -k 3;)) Oct 23 10:30:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28293]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab.log;) Oct 23 10:30:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28294]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab2.log) Oct 23 10:31:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28312]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab.log;) Oct 23 10:32:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28319]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab.log;) Oct 23 10:33:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28325]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab.log;) Oct 23 10:33:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28324]: (root) CMD (root (ec2-automate-backup.sh -v "vol-fb2fbcdf" -k 3;)) Oct 23 10:34:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28345]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab.log;) Oct 23 10:35:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28362]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab.log;) Oct 23 10:35:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28363]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab2.log) Mails to root From [email protected] Tue Oct 23 06:00:01 2012 Return-Path: <[email protected]> Date: Tue, 23 Oct 2012 06:00:01 GMT From: [email protected] (Cron Daemon) To: [email protected] Subject: Cron <root@ip-10-130-153-227> root ec2-automate-backup.sh -v "vol-fb2fbcdf" -k 3 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Auto-Submitted: auto-generated X-Cron-Env: <SHELL=/bin/sh> X-Cron-Env: <HOME=/root> X-Cron-Env: <PATH=/usr/bin:/bin> X-Cron-Env: <LOGNAME=root> X-Cron-Env: <USER=root> Status: R /bin/sh: root: command not foundRead the article
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Why do my backup fail when I target a network share hosted by a Synology DS211 disk station?
- by Larry
My backups are failing when I try to use a network share hosted by a Synology DS211 disk station. They work fine if I target a different network share (i.e. \server1\data\larry). When I run the following command: Wbadmin start backup -backupTarget:\\diskstation\backup-larry -include:C: This is what I get: wbadmin 1.0 - Backup command-line tool (C) Copyright 2004 Microsoft Corp. Note: The backed up data cannot be securely protected at this destination. Backups stored on a remote shared folder might be accessible by other people on the network. You should only save your backups to a location where you trust the other users who have access to the location or on a network that has additional security precautions in place. Retrieving volume information... This will back up volume WIN7(C:) to \\diskstation\backup-larry. Do you want to start the backup operation? [Y] Yes [N] No y Note: The list of volumes included for backup does not include all the volumes that contain operating system components. This backup cannot be used to perform a system recovery. However, you can recover other items if the destination media type supports it. The backup operation to \\diskstation\backup-larry is starting. Creating a shadow copy of the volumes specified for backup... Creating a shadow copy of the volumes specified for backup... The backup operation stopped before completing. Summary of the backup operation: ------------------ The backup operation stopped before completing. Detailed error: Access is denied. Windows Backup failed to write the file: '<backup location>\WindowsImageBackup\<Computer Name>\MediaId'. Access is denied. The backup creates the following path \\diskstation\backup-larry\WindowsImageBackup\LARRY-MYDOMAIN\ but its empty. I definitely have read/write access on the target directory (\diskstation\backup-larry). I have verified this by looking at the permission and by actually copying files to this location. Any suggestions?Read the article
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CHKDSK is unable to fix NTFS errors
- by HackToHell
After my PC shutdown due to power failure, I noticed several errors in EventViewer. The file system structure on the disk is corrupt and unusable. Please run the chkdsk utility on the volume \Device\HarddiskVolume2. and The file system structure on the disk is corrupt and unusable. Please run the chkdsk utility on the volume C:. So I forced a chkdsk check at startup, and it finds a stream of error, here is the output, it is smaller than the actual log, because, Event Viewer only seems to have this much, the same line was repeated thousands of times.Here is that line. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x4 in file 0x198f2 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 104690. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x0 is cross linked Also, even after running CHKDSK, the same errors were being reported again so I ran CHKDSK another time and it still loops the same line above, without fixing the error. Can anyone tell me how to fix it?Read the article
