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  • Return a list of important Python modules in a script?

    - by Jono Bacon
    Hi All, I am writing a program that categorizes a list of Python files by which modules they import. As such I need to scan the collection of .py files ad return a list of which modules they import. As an example, if one of the files I import has the following lines: import os import sys, gtk I would like it to return: ["os", "sys", "gtk"] I played with modulefinder and wrote: from modulefinder import ModuleFinder finder = ModuleFinder() finder.run_script('testscript.py') print 'Loaded modules:' for name, mod in finder.modules.iteritems(): print '%s ' % name, but this returns more than just the modules used in the script. As an example in a script which merely has: import os print os.getenv('USERNAME') The modules returned from the ModuleFinder script return: tokenize heapq __future__ copy_reg sre_compile _collections cStringIO _sre functools random cPickle __builtin__ subprocess cmd gc __main__ operator array select _heapq _threading_local abc _bisect posixpath _random os2emxpath tempfile errno pprint binascii token sre_constants re _abcoll collections ntpath threading opcode _struct _warnings math shlex fcntl genericpath stat string warnings UserDict inspect repr struct sys pwd imp getopt readline copy bdb types strop _functools keyword thread StringIO bisect pickle signal traceback difflib marshal linecache itertools dummy_thread posix doctest unittest time sre_parse os pdb dis ...whereas I just want it to return 'os', as that was the module used in the script. Can anyone help me achieve this?

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  • Is it safe to use random Unicode for complex delimiter sequences in strings?

    - by ccomet
    Question: In terms of program stability and ensuring that the system will actually operate, how safe is it to use chars like ¦, § or ‡ for complex delimiter sequences in strings? Can I reliable believe that I won't run into any issues in a program reading these incorrectly? I am working in a system, using C# code, in which I have to store a fairly complex set of information within a single string. The readability of this string is only necessary on the computer side, end-users should only ever see the information after it has been parsed by the appropriate methods. Because some of the data in these strings will be collections of variable size, I use different delimiters to identify what parts of the string correspond to a certain tier of organization. There are enough cases that the standard sets of ;, |, and similar ilk have been exhausted. I considered two-char delimiters, like ;# or ;|, but I felt that it would be very inefficient. There probably isn't that large of a performance difference in storing with one char versus two chars, but when I have the option of picking the smaller option, it just feels wrong to pick the larger one. So finally, I considered using the set of characters like the double dagger and section. They only take up one char, and they are definitely not going to show up in the actual text that I'll be storing, so they won't be confused for anything. But character encoding is finicky. While the visibility to the end user is meaningless (since they, in fact, won't see it), I became recently concerned about how the programs in the system will read it. The string is stored in one database, while a separate program is responsible for both encoding and decoding the string into different object types for the rest of the application to work with. And if something is expected to be written one way, is possibly written another, then maybe the whole system will fail and I can't really let that happen. So is it safe to use these kind of chars for background delimiters?

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  • Determining the color of a pixel in a bitmap using C# in a WPF app

    - by DanM
    The only way I found so far is System.Drawing.Bitmap.GetPixel(), but Microsoft has warnings for System.Drawing that are making me wonder if this is the "old way" to do it. Are there any alternatives? Here's what Microsoft says about the System.Drawing namespace. I also noticed that the System.Drawing assembly was not automatically added to the references when I created a new WPF project. System.Drawing Namespace The System.Drawing namespace provides access to GDI+ basic graphics functionality. More advanced functionality is provided in the System.Drawing.Drawing2D, System.Drawing.Imaging, and System.Drawing.Text namespaces. The Graphics class provides methods for drawing to the display device. Classes such as Rectangle and Point encapsulate GDI+ primitives. The Pen class is used to draw lines and curves, while classes derived from the abstract class Brush are used to fill the interiors of shapes. Caution Classes within the System.Drawing namespace are not supported for use within a Windows or ASP.NET service. Attempting to use these classes from within one of these application types may produce unexpected problems, such as diminished service performance and run-time exceptions. - http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.drawing.aspx

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  • How does CDI injection work in MDBs and @Scheduled beans?

    - by Nils-Petter Nilsen
    I'm working on a large Java EE 6 application that is deployed on JBoss 6 Final. My current tasks involve using @Inject consistently instead of @EJB, but I'm running into some problems on some types of beans, specifically @MessageDriven beans and beans with @Scheduled methods. What happens is that if I'm unlucky with the timing (for @Schedule) or if there are messages in the MDBs' queues at startup, instantiation of the beans will fail because the injected resources (which are EJBs themselves) are not bound yet. Because I use @Inject, I'm guessing that the EJB container considers my beans to be ready, since the container itself does not care about @Inject; it probably simply assumes that since there are no @EJB injections, the beans are ready for use. The injected CDI proxies will then fail because the resources to inject aren't actually bound yet. Tiny example: @Stateless @LocalBean public class MySupportingBean { public void doSomething() { ... } } @Singleton public class MyScheduledBean { @Inject private MySupportingBean supportingBean; @Schedule(second = "*/1", hour = "*", minute = "*", persistent = false) public void onTimeout() { supportingBean.doSomething(); } } The above example will probably not fail often because there are only two beans, but the project I'm working on binds lots of EJBs, which will amplify the problem. But it might fail because there is no guarantee that MySupportingBean is bound first, and if onTimeout is invoked before MySupportingBean is bound, then instantiation of MyScheduledBean will fail. If I used @EJB instead, MyScheduledBean wouldn't be bound until the dependency to MySupportingBean was satisfied. Note that the example will not fail in onTimeout itself, but when CDI attempts to inject MySupportingBean. I've read a lot of posts on different forums where many people argue that @Inject is always better. Generally, I agree, but how do they handle @Schedule or @MessageDriven combined with @Inject? In my experience, it comes down to dumb luck whether the beans will work or not in those cases, and the beans will fail arbitrarily, depending on which order the EJBs are deployed in, and when @Schedule or onMessage are invoked.

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  • How to disable selective keys on the keyboard?

    - by Vilx-
    I'd like to write an application which disables certain keys on the keyboard while it's working. More specifically I'm interested in keys that might make the application loose focus (like ALT+TAB, WinKey, Ctrl+Shift+Esc, etc.) The need for this is has to do with babies/animals bashing wildly at the keyboard. :) My first idea was to use SetWindowsHookEx, however I ran into a problem. Since I need a global hook, the procedure would have to reside in a .DLL which would get injected in all active applications. But a .DLL can be either 64-bit or 32-bit, not both. And on a 64-bit system there are both types of applications. I guess then that I must write two copies of the hook .DLL - one for 32-bit and the other for 64-bit. And then I'd also have to launch two copies of the application as well, because the application first has to load the DLL itself before it can pass it on to SetWindowsHookEx(). Sounds pretty clumsy and awkward. Is there perhaps a better way? Or maybe I've misunderstood something?

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  • how do simple SQLAlchemy relationships work?

    - by Carson Myers
    I'm no database expert -- I just know the basics, really. I've picked up SQLAlchemy for a small project, and I'm using the declarative base configuration rather than the "normal" way. This way seems a lot simpler. However, while setting up my database schema, I realized I don't understand some database relationship concepts. If I had a many-to-one relationship before, for example, articles by authors (where each article could be written by only a single author), I would put an author_id field in my articles column. But SQLAlchemy has this ForeignKey object, and a relationship function with a backref kwarg, and I have no idea what any of it MEANS. I'm scared to find out what a many-to-many relationship with an intermediate table looks like (when I need additional data about each relationship). Can someone demystify this for me? Right now I'm setting up to allow openID auth for my application. So I've got this: from __init__ import Base from sqlalchemy.schema import Column from sqlalchemy.types import Integer, String class Users(Base): __tablename__ = 'users' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) username = Column(String, unique=True) email = Column(String) password = Column(String) salt = Column(String) class OpenID(Base): __tablename__ = 'openid' url = Column(String, primary_key=True) user_id = #? I think the ? should be replaced by Column(Integer, ForeignKey('users.id')), but I'm not sure -- and do I need to put openids = relationship("OpenID", backref="users") in the Users class? Why? What does it do? What is a backref?

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  • What is the best database structure for this scenario?

    - by Ricketts
    I have a database that is holding real estate MLS (Multiple Listing Service) data. Currently, I have a single table that holds all the listing attributes (price, address, sqft, etc.). There are several different property types (residential, commercial, rental, income, land, etc.) and each property type share a majority of the attributes, but there are a few that are unique to that property type. My question is the shared attributes are in excess of 250 fields and this seems like too many fields to have in a single table. My thought is I could break them out into an EAV (Entity-Attribute-Value) format, but I've read many bad things about that and it would make running queries a real pain as any of the 250 fields could be searched on. If I were to go that route, I'd literally have to pull all the data out of the EAV table, grouped by listing id, merge it on the application side, then run my query against the in memory object collection. This also does not seem very efficient. I am looking for some ideas or recommendations on which way to proceed. Perhaps the 250+ field table is the only way to proceed. Just as a note, I'm using SQL Server 2012, .NET 4.5 w/ Entity Framework 5, C# and data is passed to asp.net web application via WCF service. Thanks in advance.

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  • Getting hibernate to log clob parameters

    - by SCdF
    (see here for the problem I'm trying to solve) How do you get hibernate to log clob values it's going to insert. It is logging other value types, such as Integer etc. I have the following in my log4j config: log4j.logger.net.sf.hibernate.SQL=DEBUG log4j.logger.org.hibernate.SQL=DEBUG log4j.logger.net.sf.hibernate.type=DEBUG log4j.logger.org.hibernate.type=DEBUG Which produces output such as: (org.hibernate.SQL) insert into NoteSubstitutions (note, listIndex, substitution) values (?, ?, ?) (org.hibernate.type.LongType) binding '170650' to parameter: 1 (org.hibernate.type.IntegerType) binding '0' to parameter: 2 (org.hibernate.SQL) insert into NoteSubstitutions (note, listIndex, substitution) values (?, ?, ?) (org.hibernate.type.LongType) binding '170650' to parameter: 1 (org.hibernate.type.IntegerType) binding '1' to parameter: 2 However you'll note that it never displays parameter: 3 which is our clob. What I would really want is something like: (org.hibernate.SQL) insert into NoteSubstitutions (note, listIndex, substitution) values (?, ?, ?) (org.hibernate.type.LongType) binding '170650' to parameter: 1 (org.hibernate.type.IntegerType) binding '0' to parameter: 2 (org.hibernate.type.ClobType) binding 'something' to parameter: 3 (org.hibernate.SQL) insert into NoteSubstitutions (note, listIndex, substitution) values (?, ?, ?) (org.hibernate.type.LongType) binding '170650' to parameter: 1 (org.hibernate.type.IntegerType) binding '1' to parameter: 2 (org.hibernate.type.ClobType) binding 'something else' to parameter: 3 How do I get it to show this in the log?

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  • Laggy interface with NSSearchField hooked up to an NSArrayController via bindings

    - by Simone Manganelli
    So I've got an NSSearchField hooked up directly to an NSArrayController via bindings, attached to the filterPredicate, so that without any code, the user can just type in the NSSearchField and filter the list of objects in the NSArrayController presented to him in the interface (an NSCollectionView, to be specific). The NSSearchField is hooked up to provide live searching, so that the NSCollectionView is filtered instantly as the user types, not after waiting for a short period for the user to stop typing. However, the problem is that this makes the interface really laggy. Typing is delayed significantly, by 0.5-1 seconds, and it seems like the NSCollectionView is trying to animate each and every rearrangement of items for each portion of the search string that the user enters. What I'd like is for the searching to be live, but the typing in the search field to be fluid, and the results to filter as fast as possible. Is there a way to do this via bindings, or will I need to put in some custom code that triggers the filterPredicate on a separate thread? (Note that I've got a custom sorting algorithm set up on the NSArrayController, and removing it seems to help a bit with the laggyness, but not completely.)

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  • I want my logs sent to my mail with logrotate

    - by lericson
    Not strictly a question about programming as such, more of a log handling question. Anyway. My company has multiple clients, and each of these clients have a set of logs that I'd rather much want to get sent to by e-mail to me. Now, another prerequisite is that they're hilighted by simple HTML. All that is very well, I've managed to make a hilighter for the given log types. So, what I do is I use logrotate's prerotate stuff to send the logs as an e-mail message. Example: /var/log/a.log /var/log/b.log { daily missingok copytruncate prerotate /usr/bin/python /home/foo/hilight_logs /var/log/{a,b}.log | /usr/sbin/sendmail -FLog\ mailer [email protected] [email protected] endscript } The problem with this approach is basically that logrotate sucks: it'll run the command for every log file specified in the specifier, and to my knowledge there's no way to know which of the log files is being handled. (Which wouldn't really help anyway.) Short of repeating the exact same logrotate up to 10 times on different machines, the only thing I can do is just to get bogged down with log spam every night. And I grew tired of it today, so I ask.

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  • Querying a database using Cocoa.

    - by S1syphus
    Hello everybody. Before I start a disclaimer, I should add a little disclaimer, that I am relatively new to Cocoa development and C in general. However I do have a copy of 'Cocoa Programming for Mac OS X 3rd edition' by Aaron Hillegass, which I am working through and using as a base, if anybody has a copy I am using the 'AmaZone' example on page 346 as a template and base. I trying to develop a small client app that takes a search string then displays results from a database accordingly. The database will contain a: list of files, their location, description & creation date, so for the moment the field number and types will remain the same. After looking around on SO, I saw something like: NSURL *myURL = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.myserver.com/results.php"]; NSArray *sqlResults = [[NSArray alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:myURL]; I've worked with php before, so my current thinking after seeing this is create a php script on the server that queries the database, and creates an XML output. And with the XML response, just parse it. Would this be ok? as is there any major pitfalls anybody can see, that I can't. I know there are some database bundles, I've had a look at BaseTen for Postgres, but being relatively new to this, didn't want to get in over my head. Or if anybody else has any other suggestions and ideas, they would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Falling Sand simulation

    - by Erik Forbes
    I'm trying to re-create a 'falling sand' simulation, similar to those various web toys that are out there doing the same thing - and I'm failing pretty hard. I'm not really sure where to begin. I'm trying to use cellular automata to model the behavior of the sand particles, but I'm having trouble figuring out how to make the direction in which I update the 'world' not matter... For example, one of the particle types I'd like to have is Plant. When Plant comes in contact with Water, Plant turns that Water particle into another Plant particle. The problem here though is that if I'm updating the game world from top to bottom and left to right, then a Plant particle placed in the middle of a sea of Water particles will immediately cause all of the Water particles to the right and below that new Plant particle to turn into Plants. This is not the behavior I am expecting. =( I'm having difficulty explaining exactly my difficulty, so I'll try to add more information as best I can as I go along. Suffice it to say that this is very much outside my box, as it were, and I don't even know what to search for.

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  • Cocoa Drag and Drop, reading back the data

    - by kodai
    Ok, I have a NSOutlineView set up, and I want it to capture PDF's if a pdf is dragged into the NSOutlineView. My first question, I have the following code: [outlineView registerForDraggedTypes:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:NSStringPboardType, NSFilenamesPboardType, nil]]; In all the apple Docs and examples I've seen I've also seen something like MySupportedType being an object registered for dragging. What does this mean? Do I change the code to be: [outlineView registerForDraggedTypes:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"pdf", NSStringPboardType, NSFilenamesPboardType, nil]]; Currently I have it set up to recognize drag and drop, and I can even make it spit out the URL of the dragged file once the drag is accepted, however, this leads me to my second question. I want to keep a copy of those PDF's app side. I suppose, and correct me if I'm wrong, that the best way to do this is to grab the data off the clipboard, save it in some persistant store, and that's that. (as apposed to using some sort of copy command and literally copying the file to the app director.) That being said, I'm not sure how to do that. I've the code: - (BOOL)outlineView:(NSOutlineView *)ov acceptDrop:(id <NSDraggingInfo>)info item:(id)item childIndex:(NSInteger)childIndex { NSPasteboard *pboard = [info draggingPasteboard]; NSURL *fileURL; if ( [[pboard types] containsObject:NSURLPboardType] ) { fileURL = [NSURL URLFromPasteboard:pboard]; // Perform operation using the file’s URL } NSData *data = [pboard dataForType:@"NSPasteboardTypePDF"]; But this never actually gets any data. Like I said before, it does get the URL, just not the data. Does anyone have any advise on how to get this going? Thanks so much!

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  • rails semi-complex STI with ancestry data model planning the routes and controllers

    - by ere
    I'm trying to figure out the best way to manage my controller(s) and models for a particular use case. I'm building a review system where a User may build a review of several distinct types with a Polymorphic Reviewable. Country (has_many reviews & cities) Subdivision/State (optional, sometimes it doesnt exist, also reviewable, has_many cities) City (has places & review) Burrow (optional, also reviewable ex: Brooklyn) Neighborhood (optional & reviewable, ex: williamsburg) Place (belongs to city) I'm also wondering about adding more complexity. I also want to include subdivisions occasionally... ie for the US, I might add Texas or for Germany, Baveria and have it be reviewable as well but not every country has regions and even those that do might never be reviewed. So it's not at all strict. I would like it to as simple and flexible as possible. It'd kinda be nice if the user could just land on one form and select either a city or a country, and then drill down using data from say Foursquare to find a particular place in a city and make a review. I'm really not sure which route I should take? For example, what happens if I have a Country, and a City... and then I decide to add a Burrow? Could I give places tags (ie Williamsburg, Brooklyn) belong_to NY City and the tags belong to NY? Tags are more flexible and optionally explain what areas they might be in, the tags belong to a city, but also have places and be reviewable? So I'm looking for suggestions for anyone who's done something related. Using Rails 3.2, and mongoid.

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  • VB.NET switching from ADO.NET to LINQ

    - by Cj Anderson
    I'm VERY new to Linq. I have an application I wrote that is in VB.NET 2.0. Works great, but I'd like to switch this application to Linq. I use ADO.NET to load XML into a datatable. The XML file has about 90,000 records in it. I then use the Datatable.Select to perform searches against that Datatable. The search control is a free form textbox. So if the user types in terms it searches instantly. Any further terms that are typed in continue to restrict the results. So you can type in Bob, or type in Bob Barker. Or type in Bob Barker Price is Right. The more criteria typed in the more narrowed your result. I bind the results to a gridview. Moving forward what all do I need to do? From a high level, I assume I need to: 1) Go to Project Properties -- Advanced Compiler Settings and change the Target framework to 3.5 from 2.0. 2) Add the reference to System.XML.Linq, Add the Imports statement to the classes. So I'm not sure what the best approach is going forward after that. I assume I use XDocument.Load, then my search subroutine runs against the XDocument. Do I just do the standard Linq query for this sort of repeated search? Like so: var people = from phonebook in doc.Root.Elements("phonebook") where phonebook.Element("userid") = "whatever" select phonebook; Any tips on how to best implement?

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  • Baffled by differences between WPF BitmapEncoders

    - by DanM
    I wrote a little utility class that saves BitmapSource objects to image files. The image files can be either bmp, jpeg, or png. Here is the code: public class BitmapProcessor { public void SaveAsBmp(BitmapSource bitmapSource, string path) { Save(bitmapSource, path, new BmpBitmapEncoder()); } public void SaveAsJpg(BitmapSource bitmapSource, string path) { Save(bitmapSource, path, new JpegBitmapEncoder()); } public void SaveAsPng(BitmapSource bitmapSource, string path) { Save(bitmapSource, path, new PngBitmapEncoder()); } private void Save(BitmapSource bitmapSource, string path, BitmapEncoder encoder) { using (var stream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Create)) { encoder.Frames.Add(BitmapFrame.Create(bitmapSource)); encoder.Save(stream); } } } Each of the three Save methods work, but I get unexpected results with bmp and jpeg. Png is the only format that produces an exact reproduction of what I see if I show the BitmapSource on screen using a WPF Image control. Here are the results: BMP - too dark JPEG - too saturated PNG - correct Why am I getting completely different results for different file types? I should note that the BitmapSource in my example uses an alpha value of 0.1 (which is why it appears very desaturated), but it should be possible to show the resulting colors in any image format. I know if I take a screen capture using something like HyperSnap, it will look correct regardless of what file type I save to. Here's a HyperSnap screen capture saved as a bmp: As you can see, this isn't a problem, so there's definitely something strange about WPF's image encoders. Do I have a setting wrong? Am I missing something?

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  • Java map with values limited by key's type parameter

    - by Ashley Mercer
    Is there a way in Java to have a map where the type parameter of a value is tied to the type parameter of a key? What I want to write is something like the following: public class Foo { // This declaration won't compile - what should it be? private static Map<Class<T>, T> defaultValues; // These two methods are just fine public static <T> void setDefaultValue(Class<T> clazz, T value) { defaultValues.put(clazz, value); } public static <T> T getDefaultValue(Class<T> clazz) { return defaultValues.get(clazz); } } That is, I can store any default value against a Class object, provided the value's type matches that of the Class object. I don't see why this shouldn't be allowed since I can ensure when setting/getting values that the types are correct. EDIT: Thanks to cletus for his answer. I don't actually need the type parameters on the map itself since I can ensure consistency in the methods which get/set values, even if it means using some slightly ugly casts.

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  • Qt and variadic functions

    - by Noah Roberts
    OK, before lecturing me on the use of C-style variadic functions in C++...everything else has turned out to require nothing short of rewriting the Qt MOC. What I'd like to know is whether or not you can have a "slot" in a Qt object that takes an arbitrary amount/type of arguments. The thing is that I really want to be able to generate Qt objects that have slots of an arbitrary signature. Since the MOC is incompatible with standard preprocessing and with templates, it's not possible to do so with either direct approach. I just came up with another idea: struct funky_base : QObject { Q_OBJECT funky_base(QObject * o = 0); public slots: virtual void the_slot(...) = 0; }; If this is possible then, because you can make a template that is a subclass of a QObject derived object so long as you don't declare new Qt stuff in it, I should be able to implement a derived templated type that takes the ... stuff and turns it into the appropriate, expected types. If it is, how would I connect to it? Would this work? connect(x, SIGNAL(someSignal(int)), y, SLOT(the_slot(...))); If nobody's tried anything this insane and doesn't know off hand, yes I'll eventually try it myself...but I am hoping someone already has existing knowledge I can tap before possibly wasting my time on it.

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  • parse content away from structure in a binary file

    - by Jeff Godfrey
    Using C#, I need to read a packed binary file created using FORTRAN. The file is stored in an "Unformatted Sequential" format as described here (about half-way down the page in the "Unformatted Sequential Files" section): http://www.tacc.utexas.edu/services/userguides/intel8/fc/f_ug1/pggfmsp.htm As you can see from the URL, the file is organized into "chunks" of 130 bytes or less and includes 2 length bytes (inserted by the FORTRAN compiler) surrounding each chunk. So, I need to find an efficient way to parse the actual file payload away from the compiler-inserted formatting. Once I've extracted the actual payload from the file, I'll then need to parse it up into its varying data types. That'll be the next exercise. My first thoughts are to slurp up the entire file into a byte array using File.ReadAllBytes. Then, just iterate through the bytes, skipping the formatting and transferring the actual data to a second byte array. In the end, that second byte array should contain the actual file contents minus all the formatting, which I'd then need to go back through to get what I need. As I'm fairly new to C#, I thought there might be a better, more accepted way of tackling this. Also, in case it's helpful, these files could be fairly large (say 30MB), though most will be much smaller...

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  • Associating Models with Polymorphic

    - by Josh Crowder
    I am trying to associate Contacts with Classes but as two different types. Current_classes and Interested_classes. I know I need to enable polymorphic but I am not sure as to where it needs to be enabled. This is what I have at the moment class CreateClasses < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table :classes do |t| t.string :class_type t.string :class_name t.string :date t.timestamps end end def self.down drop_table :classes end end class CreateContactsInterestedClassesJoin < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table 'contacts_interested_classes', :id => false do |t| t.column 'class_id', :integer t.column 'contact_id', :integer end end def self.down drop_table 'contacts_interested_classes' end end class CreateContactsCurrentClassesJoin < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table 'contacts_current_classes', :id => false do |t| t.column 'class_id', :integer t.column 'contact_id', :integer end end def self.down drop_table 'contacts_current_classes' end end And then inside of my Contacts Model I want to have something like this. class Contact < ActiveRecord::Base has_and_belongs_to_many :classes, :join_table => "contacts_interested_classes", :foreign_key => "class_id" :as => 'interested_classes' has_and_belongs_to_many :classes, :join_table => "contacts_current_classes", :foreign_key => "class_id" :as => 'current_classes' end What am I doing wrong?

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  • confusing fork system call

    - by benjamin button
    Hi, i was just checking the behaviour of fork system call and i found it very confusing. i saw in a website that Unix will make an exact copy of the parent's address space and give it to the child. Therefore, the parent and child processes have separate address spaces #include <stdio.h> #include <sys/types.h> int main(void) { pid_t pid; char y='Y'; char *ptr; ptr=&y; pid = fork(); if (pid == 0) { y='Z'; printf(" *** Child process ***\n"); printf(" Address is %p\n",ptr); printf(" char value is %c\n",y); sleep(5); } else { sleep(5); printf("\n ***parent process ***\n",&y); printf(" Address is %p\n",ptr); printf(" char value is %c\n",y); } } the output of the above program is : *** Child process *** Address is 69002894 char value is Z ***parent process *** Address is 69002894 char value is Y so from the above mentioned statement it seems that child and parent have separet address spaces.this is the reason why char value is printed separately and why am i seeing the address of the variable as same in both child and parent processes.? Please help me understand this!

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  • rest and client rights integration, and backbone.js

    - by Francois
    I started to be more and more interested in the REST architecture style and client side development and I was thinking of using backbone.js on the client and a REST API (using ASP.NET Web API) for a little meeting management application. One of my requirements is that users with admin rights can edit meetings and other user can only see them. I was then wondering how to integrate the current user rights in the response for a given resource? My problem is beyond knowing if a user is authenticated or not, I want to know if I need to render the little 'edit' button next to the meeting (let's say I'm listing the current meetings in a grid) or not. Let's say I'm GETing /api/meetings and this is returning a list of meetings with their respective individual URI. How can I add if the user is able to edit this resource or not? This is an interesting passage from one of Roy's blog posts: A REST API should be entered with no prior knowledge beyond the initial URI (bookmark) and set of standardized media types that are appropriate for the intended audience (i.e., expected to be understood by any client that might use the API). From that point on, all application state transitions must be driven by client selection of server-provided choices that are present in the received representations or implied by the user’s manipulation of those representations It states that all transitions must be driven by the choices that are present in the representation. Does that mean that I can add an 'editURI' and a 'deleteURI' to each of the meeting i'm returning? if this information is there I can render the 'edit' button and if it's not there I just don't? What's the best practices on how to integrate the user's rights in the entity's representation? Or is this a super bad idea and another round trip is needed to fetch that information?

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  • LEFT OUTER JOIN with a WHERE clause

    - by Wesley
    I have two tables. indRailType contains a list of the names paired with an ID value that I use in other tables to indicate the rail type. WO_BreakerRail contains a date column and a rail code colume that corresponds to the same code in indRailType and some other data. There's a row in WO_BreakerRail for any activity on each rail type, for every date. So I could have 3 rows dated for 3/19/2010, each row indicates a different rail code, and what happened. When I use the following LEFT OUTER JOIN, I get a table with all the types of rail, with nulls in the rows where nothing happened on the 19th. Now, this is only working because I only have one date represented in my WO_BreakerRail table right now, the 19th. When I add more rows with different dates, things will go haywire. This is my SQL statement, which right now gives me exactly the results I want: SELECT WO_BreakerRail.ID, indRailType.RailType, WO_BreakerRail.CreatedPieces, WO_BreakerRail.OutsideSource, WO_BreakerRail.Charged, WO_BreakerRail.Rejected, WO_BreakerRail.RejectedToCrop FROM indRailType LEFT OUTER JOIN WO_BreakerRail ON indRailType.RailCode = WO_BreakerRail.RailCode Now, when I add in a WHERE WO_BreakerRail.Date = @Date clause I lose all the rows in the JOIN which nothing happened. I don't want that. From reading up, it sounds like a FULL OUTER JOIN is what I want, but SQL Server Compact Edition doesn't support FULL OUTER JOINs. Is there a way around this, or am I looking for something else entirely?

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  • Passing Derived Class Instances as void* to Generic Callbacks in C++

    - by Matthew Iselin
    This is a bit of an involved problem, so I'll do the best I can to explain what's going on. If I miss something, please tell me so I can clarify. We have a callback system where on one side a module or application provides a "Service" and clients can perform actions with this Service (A very rudimentary IPC, basically). For future reference let's say we have some definitions like so: typedef int (*callback)(void*); // This is NOT in our code, but makes explaining easier. installCallback(string serviceName, callback cb); // Really handled by a proper management system sendMessage(string serviceName, void* arg); // arg = value to pass to callback This works fine for basic types such as structs or builtins. We have an MI structure a bit like this: Device <- Disk <- MyDiskProvider class Disk : public virtual Device class MyDiskProvider : public Disk The provider may be anything from a hardware driver to a bit of glue that handles disk images. The point is that classes inherit Disk. We have a "service" which is to be notified of all new Disks in the system, and this is where things unravel: void diskHandler(void *p) { Disk *pDisk = reinterpret_cast<Disk*>(p); // Uh oh! // Remainder is not important } SomeDiskProvider::initialise() { // Probe hardware, whatever... // Tell the disk system we're here! sendMessage("disk-handler", reinterpret_cast<void*>(this)); // Uh oh! } The problem is, SomeDiskProvider inherits Disk, but the callback handler can't receive that type (as the callback function pointer must be generic). Could RTTI and templates help here? Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Cocoa Services Programming - How to identify whether the selected item is a folder or file wih NSFi

    - by rockybalboa
    Hi , I have some queries regarding Services menu validation . I would like to enable different services provided by my app based on whether a file or folder is selected in the Finder. I have set NSFilenamesPboardType as the send type for the services . I have gone through the - (id)validRequestorForSendType:(NSString *)sendType returnType:(NSString *)returnType method but my issue is that the validation there seems to be done based on the sendType and return type. In my case , the selected file and folder pasteboard type is the same and I cannot determine whether the selected item in the Finder is a file or folder during the validation process ( This is before the actual service gets invoked i.e when the services menu is being shown to the user ) ? So my question is that is there any way I can get some info about the selected item in the Finder and validate the different service menus offered by my application based on some info regarding the item rather than the basic validation of the send and return types ? I am not able to find out any manner to do so but "Folder Actions" service in Snow Leopard gets enabled only for folders so it can be done. I did a /System/Library/CoreServices/pbs -dump_pboard and it is using a NSFilenamePBoardType also yet manages to activate only for folders. Thanks in advace for any help .

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