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  • OpenGL + Allegro. Moving from software drawing X Y to openGL is confusing

    - by Aaron
    Having a fair bit of trouble. I'm used to Allegro and drawing sprites on a bitmap buffer at X Y coords. Now I've started a test project with OpenGL and its weird. Basically, as far as I know, theirs many ways to draw stuff in OpenGL. At the moment, I think I'm creating a Quad? Whatever that is, and I think Ive given it a texture of a bitmap and them im drawing that: GLuint gl_image; bitmap = load_bitmap("cat.bmp", NULL); gl_image = allegro_gl_make_texture_ex(AGL_TEXTURE_MASKED, bitmap, GL_RGBA); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, gl_image); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glColor4ub(255, 255, 255, 255); glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(-0.5, 0.5, 0); glTexCoord2f(1, 0); glVertex3f(0.5, 0.5, 0); glTexCoord2f(1, 1); glVertex3f(0.5, -0.5, 0); glTexCoord2f(0, 1); glVertex3f(-0.5, -0.5, 0); glEnd(); So yeah. So I got a few questions: Is this the best way of drawing a sprite? Is it suitable? The big question: Can anyone help / Does anyone know any tutorials on this weird coordinate thing? If it even is that. It's vastly different from XY, but I want to learn it. I was thinking maybe I could learn how this weird positioning stuff works, and then write a function to try and translate it to X and Y coords. Thats about it. I'm still trying to figure it all out on my own but any contributions you guys can make would be greatly appreciated =D Thanks!

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  • Passing an objects rotation down through its children

    - by MintyAnt
    In my topdown 2d game you have a player with a sword, like an old Zelda game. The sword is a seperate entity, and its collision box "rotates" around the player like an orbit, but always follows the player wherever he goes. The player and sword both have a vector2 heading. The sword is a weapon object that is attached to the character. In order to allow swinging in a direction, I have the following property inside sword (RotateCopy returns a copy of the mHeading after rotation) public Vector2 Heading { get { return mHeading.RotateCopy(mOwner.Rotation); } } This seems a bit messy to me, and slower than it could be. Is there a better way to "translate" the base/owner component rotations through to whatever component I am using, like this sword? Would using a rotation MATRIX be better? (Curretnly rotates by sin/cos) If so, how can I "add" up the matrices? Thank you.

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  • Fast determination of whether objects are onscreen in 2D

    - by Ben Ezard
    So currently, I have this in each object's renderer's update method: float a = transform.position.x * Main.scale; float b = transform.position.y * Main.scale; float c = Camera.main.transform.position.x * Main.scale; float d = Camera.main.transform.position.y * Main.scale; onscreen = a + width - c > 0 && a - c < GameView.width && b + height - d > 0 && b - d < GameView.height; transform.position is a 2D vector containing the game engine's definition of where the object is - this is then multiplied by Main.scale to translate that coordinate into actual screen space Similarly, Camera.main.transform.position is the in-engine representation of where the main camera is, and this is also multiplied by Main.scale The problem is, as my game is tile-based, thousands of these updates get called every frame, just to determine whether or not each object should be drawn - how can I improve this please?

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  • Multiplayer tile based movement synchronization

    - by Mars
    I have to synchronize the movement of multiple players over the Internet, and I'm trying to figure out the safest way to do that. The game is tile based, you can only move in 4 directions, and every move moves the sprite 32px (over time of course). Now, if I would simply send this move action to the server, which would broadcast it to all players, while the walk key is kept being pressed down, to keep walking, I have to take this next command, send it to the server, and to all clients, in time, or the movement won't be smooth anymore. I saw this in other games, and it can get ugly pretty quick, even without lag. So I'm wondering if this is even a viable option. This seems like a very good method for single player though, since it's easy, straight forward (, just take the next movement action in time and add it to a list), and you can easily add mouse movement (clicking on some tile), to add a path to a queue, that's walked along. The other thing that came to my mind was sending the information that someone started moving in some direction, and again once he stopped or changed the direction, together with the position, so that the sprite will appear at the correct position, or rather so that the position can be fixed if it's wrong. This should (hopefully) only make problems if someone really is lagging, in which case it's to be expected. For this to work out I'd need some kind of queue though, where incoming direction changes and stuff are saved, so the sprite knows where to go, after the current movement to the next tile is finished. This could actually work, but kinda sounds overcomplicated. Although it might be the only way to do this, without risk of stuttering. If a stop or direction change is received on the client side it's saved in a queue and the char keeps moving to the specified coordinates, before stopping or changing direction. If the new command comes in too late there'll be stuttering as well of course... I'm having a hard time deciding for a method, and I couldn't really find any examples for this yet. My main problem is keeping the tile movement smooth, which is why other topics regarding synchronization of pixel based movement aren't helping too much. What is the "standard" way to do this?

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  • Path Modifier in Tower Of Defense Game

    - by Siddharth
    I implemented PathModifier for path of each enemy in my tower of defense game. So I applied fixed time to path modifier in that enemy complete their path. Like following code describe. new PathModifier(speed, path); Here speed define the time to complete the path. But in tower of defense game my problem is, there is a tower which slow down the movement of the enemy. In that particular situation I was stuck. please someone provide me some guidance what to do in this situation. EDIT : Path path = new Path(wayPointList.size()); for (int j = 0; j < wayPointList.size(); j++) { Point point = grid.getCellPoint(wayPointList.get(j).getRow(), wayPointList.get(j).getCol()); path.to(point.x, point.y); }

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  • AABB - AABB Collision, which face do I hit?

    - by PeeS
    To allow my objects to slide when they collide, I need to : Know which face of the AABB they collide with. Calculate the normal to that face. Return the normal and calculate the impulse that to apply to the player's velocity. Question How can I calculate which face of the AABB I collided with, knowing that I have two AABB's colliding? One is the player and the other is a world object. Here's what that looks like (problem collision circled in white): Thank you for your help.

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  • Extremely Hybrid Game requirements

    - by tugrul büyükisik
    What system specifications would a game need if it was: Total players per planet: ~20000 Total players per team:~1M Total players per map(small volume of space or small surface over a planet): ~2000 Total players: ~10M(world has more players than this amount i think) Two of the players are commanders of opposite quadrants(from HUD of a strategy game). Lots of players use space-crafts as a captain(like 3d fps and rts). Many many players control consoles in those space-crafts as under command of captains.(fps ) Some players are still in stone-age trying to reinvent wheel in some planet. Players design and construct any vehicles they have. With good physics engine Has puzzles inside. Everyone get experience by doing stuff(RPG). Commerce, income or totally different resource-based group(like starcraft) Player classes(primitive: cunning and strong, wrapped: healthy, wealthy) Arcade top-down style firing with ships when people get bored very low chance of miraculous things.(mediclorians, wormholes, bugs) Different game-modes: persistent(living world), resetted periodically(a new chance for noobs), instant(pre-built space + hack&slash) I suspect this would need 128GB ram and 2048 cores.

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  • Issues implementing arcball viewer

    - by Pris
    My scene has a simple cube, and a camera built with the lookAt function (I'm using OpenGL). The scene renders fine, and I'm sure I have my model/view/projection matrices set up correctly. Now I'm trying to implement arcball rotation for my camera, but I'm having some trouble. I've got it down to calculating the angle/axis rotation for a virtual sphere in normalized screen coordinates. That means when I move my mouse left to right, I get an angle around the Y axis... and moving my mouse up/down will get me an angle about X. I'm not sure where to go from here -- what do I need to do with my axis so I can apply the angle to simulate camera rotation about its viewpoint? If I try directly applying the axis/angle rotation the camera/view transform I get what you'd expect. The view is rotated about the world axes which the mouse moving over the virtual sphere on the screen corresponds to. So if I move the mouse up/down the view rotates about the world's X axis (what I get reminds me of a first-person view)... but this isn't what I want. I think I need the axis I get to be transformed so it passes through the camera viewpoint and is oriented correct in reference to the camera... but I don't know if that's right or how to do that.

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  • Separate collision mesh model?

    - by Menno Gouw
    I want to have another go at 3D within XNA. What I have seen from some other games that they just have a separate very low poly model "cage" around the environment model. However I can not find any reference to this. I have not that much experience with XNA 3D either. Is it possible to have this cage within each of my environmental models already? Lets just say I call the mesh within the .FBX wall and col_wall. How would I call to these different meshes within XNA? The player would just have a tight collision cube around. To make it a bit more efficient I will be making divide the map up by cubes and only calculate collision if the player is in it. Question two: I can't find anywhere to do cube vs mesh collision. Is there a method for this? Or perhaps it is possible to build my collision cage out of cubes in the 3D app and on loading of the models in XNA replace them directly by cubes? So I could just do box to box collision which should be very cheap and still give the player the ability to move over ledges on the static models.

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  • Deferred contexts and inheriting state from the immediate context

    - by dreijer
    I took my first stab at using deferred contexts in DirectX 11 today. Basically, I created my deferred context using CreateDeferredContext() and then drew a simple triangle strip with it. Early on in my test application, I call OMSetRenderTargets() on the immediate context in order to render to the swap chain's back buffer. Now, after having read the documentation on MSDN about deferred contexts, I assumed that calling ExecuteCommandList() on the immediate context would execute all of the deferred commands as "an extension" to the commands that had already been executed on the immediate context, i.e. the triangle strip I rendered in the deferred context would be rendered to the swap chain's back buffer. That didn't seem to be the case, however. Instead, I had to manually pull out the immediate context's render target (using OMGetRenderTargets()) and then set it on the deferred context with OMSetRenderTargets(). Am I doing something wrong or is that the way deferred contexts work?

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  • Color Picking Troubles - LWJGL/OpenGL

    - by Tom Johnson
    I'm attempting to check which object the user is hovering over. While everything seems to be just how I'd think it should be, I'm not able to get the correct color due to the second time I draw (without picking colors). Here is my rendering code: public void render() { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glLoadIdentity(); camera.applyTranslations(); scene.pick(); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glLoadIdentity(); camera.applyTranslations(); scene.render(); } And here is what gets called on each block/tile on "scene.pick()": public void pick() { glColor3ub((byte) pickingColor.x, (byte) pickingColor.y, (byte) pickingColor.z); draw(); glReadBuffer(GL_FRONT); ByteBuffer buffer = BufferUtils.createByteBuffer(4); glReadPixels(Mouse.getX(), Mouse.getY(), 1, 1, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, buffer); int r = buffer.get(0) & 0xFF; int g = buffer.get(1) & 0xFF; int b = buffer.get(2) & 0xFF; if(r == pickingColor.x && g == pickingColor.y && b == pickingColor.z) { hovered = true; } else { hovered = false; } } I believe the problem is that in the method of each tile/block called by scene.pick(), it is reading the color from the regular drawing state, after that method is called somehow. I believe this because when I remove the "glReadBuffer(GL_FRONT)" line from the pick method, it seems to almost fix it, but then it will also select blocks behind the one you are hovering as it is not only looking at the front. If you have any ideas of what to do, please be sure to reply!/ EDIT: Adding scene.render(), tile.render(), and tile.draw() scene.render: public void render() { for(int x = 0; x < tiles.length; x++) { for(int z = 0; z < tiles.length; z++) { tiles[x][z].render(); } } } tile.render: public void render() { glColor3f(color.x, color.y, color.z); draw(); if(hovered) { glColor3f(1, 1, 1); glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE); draw(); glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL); } } tile.draw: public void draw() { float x = position.x, y = position.y, z = position.z; //Top glBegin(GL_QUADS); glVertex3f(x, y + size, z); glVertex3f(x + size, y + size, z); glVertex3f(x + size, y + size, z + size); glVertex3f(x, y + size, z + size); glEnd(); //Left glBegin(GL_QUADS); glVertex3f(x, y, z); glVertex3f(x + size, y, z); glVertex3f(x + size, y + size, z); glVertex3f(x, y + size, z); glEnd(); //Right glBegin(GL_QUADS); glVertex3f(x + size, y, z); glVertex3f(x + size, y + size, z); glVertex3f(x + size, y + size, z + size); glVertex3f(x + size, y, z + size); glEnd(); } (The game is like an isometric game. That's why I only draw 3 faces.)

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  • OpenGL depth texture wrong

    - by CoffeeandCode
    I have been writing a game engine for a while now and have decided to reconstruct my positions from depth... but how I read the depth seems to be wrong :/ What is wrong in my rendering? How I init my depth texture in the FBO gl::BindTexture(gl::TEXTURE_2D, this->textures[0]); // Depth gl::TexImage2D( gl::TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl::DEPTH32F_STENCIL8, width, height, 0, gl::DEPTH_STENCIL, gl::FLOAT_32_UNSIGNED_INT_24_8_REV, nullptr ); gl::TexParameterf(gl::TEXTURE_2D, gl::TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl::NEAREST); gl::TexParameterf(gl::TEXTURE_2D, gl::TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl::NEAREST); gl::TexParameterf(gl::TEXTURE_2D, gl::TEXTURE_WRAP_S, gl::CLAMP_TO_EDGE); gl::TexParameterf(gl::TEXTURE_2D, gl::TEXTURE_WRAP_T, gl::CLAMP_TO_EDGE); gl::FramebufferTexture2D( gl::FRAMEBUFFER, gl::DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, gl::TEXTURE_2D, this->textures[0], 0 ); Linear depth readings in my shader Vertex #version 150 layout(location = 0) in vec3 position; layout(location = 1) in vec2 uv; out vec2 uv_f; void main(){ uv_f = uv; gl_Position = vec4(position, 1.0); } Fragment (where the issue probably is) #version 150\n uniform sampler2D depth_texture; in vec2 uv_f; out vec4 Screen; void main(){ float n = 0.00001; float f = 100.0; float z = texture(depth_texture, uv_f).x; float linear_depth = (n * z)/(f - z * (f - n)); Screen = vec4(linear_depth); // It ISN'T because I don't separate alpha } When Rendered so gamedev.stackexchange, what's wrong with my rendering/glsl?

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  • Scrolling though objects then creating a new instace of this object

    - by gopgop
    In my game when pressing the right mouse button you will place an object on the ground. all objects have the same super class (GameObject). I have a field called selected and will be equal to one certain gameobject at a time. when clicking the right mouse button it checks whats the instance of selected and that how it determines which object to place on the ground. code exapmle: t is the "slot" for which the object will go to. if (selected instanceof MapleTree) { t = new MapleTree(game,highLight); } else if (selected instanceof OakTree) { t = new OakTree(game,highLight); } Now it has to be a "new" instance of the object. Eventually my game will have hundreds of GameObjects and I don't want to have a huge if else statement. How would I make it so it scrolls though the possible kinds of objects and if its the correct type then create a new instance of it...? When pressing E it will switch the type of selected and is an if else statement as well. How would I do it for this too? here is a code example: if (selected instanceof MapleTree) { selected = new OakTree(game); } else if (selected instanceof OakTree) { selected = new MapleTree(game); }

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  • What's the recommended way of doing a HUD for an android game?

    - by joxnas
    Basically the question is in the title. I'm creating a RTS game and I will need buttons like attack move / attack ground, etc. I am not using any engine. When people do games in OpenGL for android (my case), do they ever use android components to control the game or do they create their components in the game? What are the general recommended approach, if there's any? How about more complex components like scrolling lists of items , etc? I would also appreciate you to pair your answer with a brief comment about how was your experience using the approach(es) you describe. Thanks :)

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  • How can be data oriented programming applied for GUI system?

    - by Miro
    I've just learned basics of Data oriented programming design, but I'm not very familiar with that yet. I've also read Pitfalls of Object Oriented Programming GCAP 09. It seems that data oriented programming is much better idea for games, than OOP. I'm just creating my own GUI system and it's completely OOP. I'm thinking if is data oriented programming design applicable for structured things like GUI. The main problem I see is that every type widget has different data, so I can hardly group them into arrays. Also every type of widget renders differently so I still need to call virtual functions.

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  • Better solution for boolean mixing?

    - by Ruben Nunez
    Sorry if this question has been asked in the past, but searching Google and here didn't yield relevant results, so here goes. I'm working on a fragment shader that implements both conditional/boolean diffuse and bump mapping (that is to say, you don't need a diffuse texture or a normals texture, and if they're not present, they're simply changed to default values). My current solution is to use a uniform float to say "mix amount". For example, computing the diffuse texel works as: // Compute diffuse amount scaled by vCol // If no texture is present (mDif = 0.0), then DiffuseTexel = vCol // kT[0] is the diffuse texture // vTex is the texture co-ordinates // mDif is the uniform float containing the mix amount (either 0.0 or 1.0) vec4 DiffuseTexel = vCol*mix(vec4(1.0), texture2D(kT[0], vTex), mDif); While that works great and all, I was wondering if there's a better way of doing this, as I will never have any use for in-between values for funky effects. I know that perhaps the best solution is to simply write separate shaders for mDif=0.0 and mDif=1.0, but I'd like a more elegant solution than splicing shaders before compiling or writing multiple shader files and keeping each one updated. Any ideas are greatly appreciated. =)

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  • two-part dice pool mechanic

    - by bythenumbers
    I'm working on a dice mechanic/resolution system based off of the Ghost/Echo (hereafter shortened to G/E) tabletop RPG. Specifically, since G/E can be a little harsh with dealing out consequences and failure, I was hoping to soften the system and add a little more player control, as well as offer the chance for players to evolve their characters into something unique, right from creation. So, here's the mechanic: Players roll 2d12 against the two statistics for their character (each is a number from 2-11, and may be rolled above or below depending on the nature of the action attempted, rolling your stat exactly always fails). Depending on the success for that roll, they add dice to the pool rolled for a modified G/E style action. The acting player gets two dice anyhow, and I am debating offering a bonus die for each success, or a single bonus die for succeeding on both of the statistic-compared rolls. One the size of the dice pool is set, the entire pool is rolled, and the players are allowed to assign rolled dice to a goal and a danger. Assigned results are judged as follows: 1-4 means the attempted goal fails, or the danger comes true. 5-8 is a partial success at the goal, or partially avoiding the danger. 9-12 means the goal is achieved, or the danger avoided. My concerns are twofold: Firstly, that the two-stage action is too complicated, with two rolls to judge separately before anything can happen. Secondly, that the statistics involved go too far in softening the game. I've run some basic simulations, and the approximate statistics follow: 2 dice (up to) 3 dice (up to) 4 dice failure ~33% ~25% ~20% partial ~33% ~35% ~35% success ~33% ~40% ~45% I'd appreciate any advice that addresses my concerns or offers to refine my simulation (right now the first roll is statistically modeled as sign(1d12-1d12), where 0 is a success).

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  • Why do my pyramids fade black and then back to colour again

    - by geminiCoder
    I have the following vertecies and norms GLfloat verts[36] = { -0.5, 0, 0.5, 0, 0, -0.5, 0.5, 0, 0.5, 0, 0, -0.5, 0.5, 0, 0.5, 0, 1, 0, -0.5, 0, 0.5, 0, 0, -0.5, 0, 1, 0, 0.5, 0, 0.5, -0.5, 0, 0.5, 0, 1, 0 }; GLfloat norms[36] = { 0, -1, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, -1, 0, -1, 0.25, 0.5, -1, 0.25, 0.5, -1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 0.25, -0.5, 1, 0.25, -0.5, 1, 0.25, -0.5, 0, -0.5, -1, 0, -0.5, -1, 0, -0.5, -1 }; I am writing my fists Open GL game, But I need to know for sure if my Normals are correct as the colours aren't rendering correctly. my Pyramids are coloured then fade to black every half rotation then back again. My app so far is based on the boiler plate code provided by apple. heres my modified setUp Method [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:self.context]; [self loadShaders]; self.effect = [[GLKBaseEffect alloc] init]; self.effect.light0.enabled = GL_TRUE; self.effect.light0.diffuseColor = GLKVector4Make(1.0f, 0.4f, 0.4f, 1.0f); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glGenVertexArraysOES(1, &_vertexArray); //create vertex array glBindVertexArrayOES(_vertexArray); glGenBuffers(1, &_vertexBuffer); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, _vertexBuffer); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(verts) + sizeof(norms), NULL, GL_STATIC_DRAW); //create vertex buffer big enough for both verts and norms and pass NULL as data.. uint8_t *ptr = (uint8_t *)glMapBufferOES(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, GL_WRITE_ONLY_OES); //map buffer to pass data to it memcpy(ptr, verts, sizeof(verts)); //copy verts memcpy(ptr+sizeof(verts), norms, sizeof(norms)); //copy norms to position after verts glUnmapBufferOES(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER); glEnableVertexAttribArray(GLKVertexAttribPosition); glVertexAttribPointer(GLKVertexAttribPosition, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, BUFFER_OFFSET(0)); //tell GL where verts are in buffer glEnableVertexAttribArray(GLKVertexAttribNormal); glVertexAttribPointer(GLKVertexAttribNormal, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, BUFFER_OFFSET(sizeof(verts))); //tell GL where norms are in buffer glBindVertexArrayOES(0); And the update method. - (void)update { float aspect = fabsf(self.view.bounds.size.width / self.view.bounds.size.height); GLKMatrix4 projectionMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakePerspective(GLKMathDegreesToRadians(65.0f), aspect, 0.1f, 100.0f); self.effect.transform.projectionMatrix = projectionMatrix; GLKMatrix4 baseModelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakeTranslation(0.0f, 0.0f, -4.0f); baseModelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Rotate(baseModelViewMatrix, _rotation, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // Compute the model view matrix for the object rendered with GLKit GLKMatrix4 modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakeTranslation(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.5f); modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Rotate(modelViewMatrix, _rotation, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Multiply(baseModelViewMatrix, modelViewMatrix); self.effect.transform.modelviewMatrix = modelViewMatrix; // Compute the model view matrix for the object rendered with ES2 modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakeTranslation(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.5f); modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Rotate(modelViewMatrix, _rotation, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Multiply(baseModelViewMatrix, modelViewMatrix); _normalMatrix = GLKMatrix3InvertAndTranspose(GLKMatrix4GetMatrix3(modelViewMatrix), NULL); _modelViewProjectionMatrix = GLKMatrix4Multiply(projectionMatrix, modelViewMatrix); _rotation += self.timeSinceLastUpdate * 0.5f; } But providing I understand this correct one pyramid is using the GLKit base effect shaders and the other the shaders which are included in the project. So for both of them to have the same error, I thought it would be the Norms?

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  • Open source management game in java

    - by jcw
    I am trying to find an open source sport management game, much like the link below, but am failing to do so. There are two links provided in the below question that are both fine,'except for one minor problem - I only know java! Is there an open source sports manager project? After some googling, I have been unsuccessful in finding a sports management game that is written in java. I am do not particullarly care about the type of sport, becuase I am mostly interested in mechanics. Does anyone know of any such projects or am I out of luck on java?

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  • How does this snippet of code create a ray direction vector?

    - by Isaac Waller
    In the Minecraft source code, this code is used to create a direction vector for a ray from pitch and yaw:' float f1 = MathHelper.cos(-rotationYaw * 0.01745329F - 3.141593F); float f3 = MathHelper.sin(-rotationYaw * 0.01745329F - 3.141593F); float f5 = -MathHelper.cos(-rotationPitch * 0.01745329F); float f7 = MathHelper.sin(-rotationPitch * 0.01745329F); return Vec3D.createVector(f3 * f5, f7, f1 * f5); I was wondering how it worked, and what is the constant 0.01745329F?

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  • How many achievements should I include, and of what challenge?

    - by stephelton
    I know this question is fairy broad and subjective, but I'm wondering if there's been any published research into what an optimal number of achievements is and what kind of challenge they should present. The game this question directly relates to is a shoot-em-up, but an ideal answer is fairly theoretical. If there are there are too few achievements, or they are not challenging, I would expect they would fail in their goal to keep people playing. If there are too many, or they are unreasonably difficult, I would expect people to quickly give up. I personally witnessed the latter happening in Starcraft 2; a section of the achievements would have you win hundreds of games against their AI opponents (boring!)

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  • Efficient way to render tile-based map in Java

    - by Lucius
    Some time ago I posted here because I was having some memory issues with a game I'm working on. That has been pretty much solved thanks to some suggestions here, so I decided to come back with another problem I'm having. Basically, I feel that too much of the CPU is being used when rendering the map. I have a Core i5-2500 processor and when running the game, the CPU usage is about 35% - and I can't accept that that's just how it has to be. This is how I'm going about rendering the map: I have the X and Y coordinates of the player, so I'm not drawing the whole map, just the visible portion of it; The number of visible tiles on screen varies according to the resolution chosen by the player (the CPU usage is 35% here when playing at a resolution of 1440x900); If the tile is "empty", I just skip drawing it (this didn't visibly lower the CPU usage, but reduced the drawing time in about 20ms); The map is composed of 5 layers - for more details; The tiles are 32x32 pixels; And just to be on the safe side, I'll post the code for drawing the game here, although it's as messy and unreadable as it can be T_T (I'll try to make it a little readable) private void drawGame(Graphics2D g2d){ //Width and Height of the visible portion of the map (not of the screen) int visionWidht = visibleCols * TILE_SIZE; int visionHeight = visibleRows * TILE_SIZE; //Since the map can be smaller than the screen, I center it just to be sure int xAdjust = (getWidth() - visionWidht) / 2; int yAdjust = (getHeight() - visionHeight) / 2; //This "deducedX" thing is to move the map a few pixels horizontally, since the player moves by pixels and not full tiles int playerDrawX = listOfCharacters.get(0).getX(); int deducedX = 0; if (listOfCharacters.get(0).currentCol() - visibleCols / 2 >= 0) { playerDrawX = visibleCols / 2 * TILE_SIZE; map_draw_col = listOfCharacters.get(0).currentCol() - visibleCols / 2; deducedX = listOfCharacters.get(0).getXCol(); } //"deducedY" is the same deal as "deducedX", but vertically int playerDrawY = listOfCharacters.get(0).getY(); int deducedY = 0; if (listOfCharacters.get(0).currentRow() - visibleRows / 2 >= 0) { playerDrawY = visibleRows / 2 * TILE_SIZE; map_draw_row = listOfCharacters.get(0).currentRow() - visibleRows / 2; deducedY = listOfCharacters.get(0).getYRow(); } int max_cols = visibleCols + map_draw_col; if (max_cols >= map.getCols()) { max_cols = map.getCols() - 1; deducedX = 0; map_draw_col = max_cols - visibleCols + 1; playerDrawX = listOfCharacters.get(0).getX() - map_draw_col * TILE_SIZE; } int max_rows = visibleRows + map_draw_row; if (max_rows >= map.getRows()) { max_rows = map.getRows() - 1; deducedY = 0; map_draw_row = max_rows - visibleRows + 1; playerDrawY = listOfCharacters.get(0).getY() - map_draw_row * TILE_SIZE; } //map_draw_row and map_draw_col representes the coordinate of the upper left tile on the screen //iterate through all the tiles on screen and draw them - this is what consumes most of the CPU for (int col = map_draw_col; col <= max_cols; col++) { for (int row = map_draw_row; row <= max_rows; row++) { Tile[] tiles = map.getTiles(col, row); for(int layer = 0; layer < tiles.length; layer++){ Tile currentTile = tiles[layer]; boolean shouldDraw = true; //I only draw the tile if it exists and is not empty (id=-1) if(currentTile != null && currentTile.getId() >= 0){ //The layers above 1 can be draw behing or infront of the player according to where it's standing if(layer > 1 && currentTile.getId() >= 0){ if(playerBehind(col, row, layer, listOfCharacters.get(0))){ behinds.get(0).add(new int[]{col, row}); //the tiles that are infront of the player wont be draw right now shouldDraw = false; } } if(shouldDraw){ g2d.drawImage( tiles[layer].getImage(), (col-map_draw_col)*TILE_SIZE - deducedX + xAdjust, (row-map_draw_row)*TILE_SIZE - deducedY + yAdjust, null); } } } } } } There's some more code in this method but nothing relevant to this question. Basically, the biggest problem is that I iterate over around 5000 tiles (in this specific resolution) 60 times each second. I thought about rendering the visible portion of the map once and storing it into a BufferedImage and when the player moved move the whole image the same amount but to the opposite side and then drawn the tiles that appeared on the screen, but if I do it like that, I wont be able to have animated tiles (at least I think). That being said, any suggestions?

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  • Game maps with "counties" that are split along lines that aren't necessarily straight

    - by pm_2
    I want to create a game environment that supports a 2D map. This is a really basic map, but must be split along lines that are not necessarily straight. So imagine a country with county boundaries. I then want to be able to detect drag / drop events within these counties. What I'm really looking for here is a pointer to where to start on this (how it has been done before - any existing libraries out there), as I'm sure that what I'm trying to do is not new - although I can't find a beginners guide for this anywhere.

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  • Adding delay between damage

    - by iQue
    I have a bunch of enemies chasing my main-character, and if they intersect I want them to damage him and that's all good. The problem is that right now they damage him as long as they stand around him, every frame! and since it gets called every frame my character's HP reaches 0 almost instantly. I've tried adding delay and I've tried a timertask, but can't get it to work. This is the code I use to check for intersection: private void checkCollision(Canvas canvas) { synchronized (getHolder()) { Rect h1 = happy.getBounds(); for (int i = 0; i < enemies.size(); i++) { for (int j = 0; j < bullets.size(); j++) { Rect b1 = bullets.get(j).getBounds(); Rect e1 = enemies.get(i).getBounds(); if (b1.intersect(e1)) { enemies.get(i).damageHP(5); bullets.remove(j); } if(e1.intersect(h1)){ happy.damageHP(5); // this is the statement that needs some sort of delay, I want them to damage him every 2 seconds they intersect him. } if(enemies.get(i).getHP() <= 0){ enemies.get(i).death(canvas, enemies); score.incScore(5); break; } if(happy.getHP() <= 0){ score.incScore(-50); //end-screen } } } } } If anyone knows the logic to do this please do tell.

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  • OpenGL Get Rotated X and Y of quad

    - by matejkramny
    I am developing a game in 2D using LWJGL library. So far I have a rotating box. I have done basic Rectangle collision, but it doesn't work for rotated rectangles. Does OpenGL have a function that returns the vertices of rotated rectangle? Or is there another way of doing this using trigonometry? I had researched how to do this and everything I found was using some matrix that I don't understand so I am asking if there is another way of doing this. For clarification, I am trying to find out the true (rotated) X,Y of each point of the rectangle. Let's say, the first point of a rectangle (top,left) has x=10 y=10.. Width and height is 100 pixels. When I rotate the rectangle using glRotatef() the x and y stay the same. The rotation is happening inside OpenGL. I need to extract the x,y of the rectangle so I can detect collisions properly.

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