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  • C++ OpenGL wireframe cube rendering blank

    - by caleb.breckon
    I'm just trying to draw a bunch of lines that make up a "cube". I can't for the life of me figure out why this is producing a black screen. The debugger does not break at any point. I'm sure it's a problem with my pointers, as I'm only decent at them in regular c++ and in OpenGL it gets even worse. const char* vertexSource = "#version 150\n" "in vec3 position;" "void main() {" " gl_Position = vec4(position, 1.0);" "}"; const char* fragmentSource = "#version 150\n" "out vec4 outColor;" "void main() {" " outColor = vec4(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);" "}"; int main() { initializeGLFW(); // Initialize GLEW glewExperimental = GL_TRUE; glewInit(); // Create Vertex Array Object GLuint vao; glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao); glBindVertexArray(vao); // Create a Vertex Buffer Object and copy the vertex data to it GLuint vbo; glGenBuffers( 1, &vbo ); float vertices[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 0 (X, Y, Z) -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 1 (X, Y, Z) -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 2 (X, Y, Z) 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 3 (X, Y, Z) 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, // Vertex 4 (X, Y, Z) -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, // Vertex 5 (X, Y, Z) -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, // Vertex 6 (X, Y, Z) 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f // Vertex 7 (X, Y, Z) }; GLuint indices[] = { 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 0, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 4, 0, 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7 }; glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo ); glBufferData( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof( vertices ), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW ); //glBindBuffer( GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo); //glBufferData( GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof( indices ), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW ); // Create and compile the vertex shader GLuint vertexShader = glCreateShader( GL_VERTEX_SHADER ); glShaderSource( vertexShader, 1, &vertexSource, NULL ); glCompileShader( vertexShader ); // Create and compile the fragment shader GLuint fragmentShader = glCreateShader( GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER ); glShaderSource( fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentSource, NULL ); glCompileShader( fragmentShader ); // Link the vertex and fragment shader into a shader program GLuint shaderProgram = glCreateProgram(); glAttachShader( shaderProgram, vertexShader ); glAttachShader( shaderProgram, fragmentShader ); glBindFragDataLocation( shaderProgram, 0, "outColor" ); glLinkProgram (shaderProgram); glUseProgram( shaderProgram); // Specify the layout of the vertex data GLint posAttrib = glGetAttribLocation( shaderProgram, "position" ); glEnableVertexAttribArray( posAttrib ); glVertexAttribPointer( posAttrib, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0 ); // Main loop while(glfwGetWindowParam(GLFW_OPENED)) { // Clear the screen to black glClearColor( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ); glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT ); // Draw lines from 2 vertices glDrawElements(GL_LINES, sizeof(indices), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, indices ); // Swap buffers glfwSwapBuffers(); } // Clean up glDeleteProgram( shaderProgram ); glDeleteShader( fragmentShader ); glDeleteShader( vertexShader ); //glDeleteBuffers( 1, &ebo ); glDeleteBuffers( 1, &vbo ); glDeleteVertexArrays( 1, &vao ); glfwTerminate(); exit( EXIT_SUCCESS ); }

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  • Stencil buffer appears to not be decrementing values correctly

    - by Alex Ames
    I'm attempting to use the stencil buffer as a clipper for my UI system, but I'm having trouble debugging a problem I'm running in to. This is what I'm doing: A widget can pass a rectangle to the the stencil clipper functions, which will increment the stencil buffer values that it covers. Then it will draw its children, which will only get drawn in the stencilled area (so that if they extend outside they'll be clipped). After a widget is done drawing its children, it pops that rectangle from the stack and in the process decrements the values in the stencil buffer that it has previously incremented. The slightly simplified code is below: static void drawStencil(Rect& rect, unsigned int ref) { // Save previous values of the color and depth masks GLboolean colorMask[4]; GLboolean depthMask; glGetBooleanv(GL_COLOR_WRITEMASK, colorMask); glGetBooleanv(GL_DEPTH_WRITEMASK, &depthMask); // Turn off drawing glColorMask(0, 0, 0, 0); glDepthMask(0); // Draw vertices here ... // Turn everything back on glColorMask(colorMask[0], colorMask[1], colorMask[2], colorMask[3]); glDepthMask(depthMask); // Only render pixels in areas where the stencil buffer value == ref glStencilFunc(GL_EQUAL, ref, 0xFF); glStencilOp(GL_KEEP, GL_KEEP, GL_KEEP); } void pushScissor(Rect rect) { // increment things only at the current stencil stack level glStencilFunc(GL_EQUAL, s_scissorStack.size(), 0xFF); glStencilOp(GL_KEEP, GL_INCR, GL_INCR); s_scissorStack.push_back(rect); drawStencil(rect, states, s_ScissorStack.size()); } void popScissor() { // undo what was done in the previous push, // decrement things only at the current stencil stack level glStencilFunc(GL_EQUAL, s_scissorStack.size(), 0xFF); glStencilOp(GL_KEEP, GL_DECR, GL_DECR); Rect rect = s_scissorStack.back(); s_scissorStack.pop_back(); drawStencil(rect, states, s_scissorStack.size()); } And this is how it's being used by the Widgets if (m_clip) pushScissor(m_rect); drawInternal(target, states); for (auto child : m_children) target.draw(*child, states); if (m_clip) popScissor(); This is the result of the above code: There are two things on the screen, a giant test button, and a window with some buttons and text areas on it. The text area scroll box is set to clip its children (so that the text doesn't extend outside the scroll box). The button is drawn after the window and should be on top of it completely. However, for some reason the text area is appearing on top of the button. The only reason I can think of that this would happen is if the stencil values were not getting decremented in the pop, and when it comes time to render the button, since those pixels don't have the right stencil value it doesn't draw over. But I can't figure out whats wrong with my code that would cause that to happen.

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  • Beginning android games, 2nd edition engine

    - by Benjamin Stephen
    I recently bought the book from Apress and have worked my way through it, unfortunately, it seems to just be dealing with side scrolling games and not Zelda-like top down games. I was wondering if anyone out there can tell me if it's possible to use their engine to create such a game? It doesn't go into how to build a top down tile map. Using the engine in their book, how can I make a tile map easily that has walls and things like that? Any help would be appreciated. Thanks in advance.

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  • Better data structure for a game like Bubble Witch

    - by CrociDB
    I'm implementing a bubble-witch-like game (http://www.king.com/games/puzzle-games/bubble-witch/), and I was thinking on what's the better way to store the "bubbles" and to work with. I thought of using graphs, but that might be too complex for a trivial thing. Thought of a matrix, just like a tile map, but that might get too 'workaroundy'. I don't know. I'll be doing in Flash/AS3, though. Thanks. :)

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  • Detect collision from a particular side

    - by Fabián
    I'm making a platform sidescrolling game. All I want to do is to detect if my character is on the floor: function OnCollisionStay (col : Collision){ if(col.gameObject.tag == "Floor"){ onFloor = true; } else {onFloor = false;} } function OnCollisionExit (col : Collision){ onFloor = false; } But I know this isn't the accurate way. If I hit a cube with a "floor" tag, in the air (no matter if with the character's feet or head) I would be able to jump. Is there a way to use the same box collision to detect if I'm touching something from a specific side?

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  • creating a pre-menu level select screen

    - by Ephiras
    Hi I am working on creating a tower Defence java applet game and have come to a road block about implementing a title screen that i can select the level and difficulty of the rest of the game. my title screen class is called Menu. from this menu class i need to pass in many different variables into my Main class. i have used different classes before and know how to run them and such. but if both classes extend applet and each has its individual graphics method how can i run things from Main even though it was created in Menu. what i essentially want to do is run the Menu class withits action listeners and graphics until a Difficulty button has been selected, run the main class (which 100% works without having to have the Menu class) and pretty much terminate Menu so that i cannot go back to it, do not see its buttons or graphics menus. can i run one applet annd when i choose a button close that one and launch the other one? IF you would like to download the full project you can find it here, i had to comment out all the code that wasn't working my Menu class import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.applet.*; public class Menu extends Applet implements ActionListener{ Button bEasy,bMed,bHard; Main m; public void init(){ bEasy= new Button("Easy"); bEasy.setBounds(140,200,100,50); add(bEasy); bMed = new Button("Medium");bMed.setBounds(280,200,100,50); add(bMed); bHard= new Button("Hard");bHard.setBounds(420,200,100,50); add(bHard); setLayout(null); } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){ Main m = new Main(20,10,3000,mapMed);//break; switch (e.getSource()){ case bEasy: Main m = new Main(6000,20,"levels/levelEasy.png");break;//enimies tower money world case bMed: Main m = new Main(4000,15,"levels/levelMed.png");break; case bHard: Main m = new Main(2000,10,"levels/levelEasy.png");break; default: break; } } public void paint(){ //m.draw(g) } } and here is my main class initialising code. import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.applet.*; import java.io.IOException; public class Main extends Applet implements Runnable, MouseListener, MouseMotionListener, ActionListener{ Button startButton, UpgRange, UpgDamage; //set up the buttons Color roadCol,startCol,finCol,selGrass,selRoad; //set up the colors Enemy e[][]; Tower t[]; Image towerpic,backpic,roadpic,levelPic; private Image i; private Graphics doubleG; //here is the world 0=grass 1=road 2=start 3=end int world[][],eStartX,eStartY; boolean drawMouse,gameEnd; static boolean start=false; static int gridLength=15; static int round=0; int Mx,My,timer=1500; static int sqrSize=31; int towers=0,towerSelected=-10; static int castleHealth=2000; String levelPath; //choose the level Easy Med or Hard int maxEnemy[] = {5,7,12,20,30,15,50,30,40,60};//number of enimies per round int maxTowers=15;//maximum number of towers allowed static int money =2000,damPrice=600,ranPrice=350,towerPrice=700; //money = the intial ammount of money you start of with //damPrice is the price to increase the damage of a tower //ranPrice is the price to increase the range of a tower public void main(int cH,int mT,int mo,int dP,int rP,int tP,String path,int[] mE)//constructor 1 castleHealth=cH; maxTowers=mT; money=mo; damPrice=dP; ranPrice=rP; towerPrice=tP; String levelPath=path; maxEnemy = mE; buildLevel(); } public void main(int cH,int mT,String path)//basic constructor castleHealth=cH; maxTowers=mT; String levelPath=path; maxEnemy = mE; buildLevel(); } public void init(){ setSize(sqrSize*15+200,sqrSize*15);//set the size of the screen roadCol = new Color(255,216,0);//set the colors for the different objects startCol = new Color(0,38,255); finCol = new Color(255,0,0); selRoad = new Color(242,204,155);//selColor is the color of something when your mouse hovers over it selGrass = new Color(0,190,0); roadpic = getImage(getDocumentBase(),"images/road.jpg"); towerpic = getImage(getDocumentBase(),"images/tower.png"); backpic = getImage(getDocumentBase(),"images/grass.jpg"); levelPic = getImage(getDocumentBase(),"images/level.jpg"); e= new Enemy[maxEnemy.length][];//activates all of the enimies for (int r=0;r<e.length;r++) e[r] = new Enemy[maxEnemy[r]]; t= new Tower[maxTowers]; for (int i=0;i<t.length;i++) t[i]= new Tower();//activates all the towers for (int i=0;i<e.length; i++)//sets all of the enimies starting co ordinates for (int j=0;j<e[i].length;j++) e[i][j] = new Enemy(eStartX,eStartY,world); initButtons();//initialise all the buttons addMouseMotionListener(this); addMouseListener(this); }

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  • Android Java rectangle collision detection not working

    - by Charlton Santana
    I had been hard coding a collision detection system which was buggy. Then I came across using rectangles for collsion detection. So I put it all in and it does not work, I put a log in and it never logged. Note to Java programmers who are not Android programers: Android uses the word Rect instead of Rectangle. Code for Block.java: public Rect getBounds(){ return new Rect (this.x, this.y, 10, 20); } Code for Sprite.java: public Rect getBounds(){ return new Rect (this.x, this.y, 20, 20); } Code for MainGame.java: for(Block block : BLOCKS) { block.draw(canvas); block.rigidbody(); Rect spriter = sprite.getBounds(); Rect blockr = block.getBounds(); if(spriter.intersect(blockr)){ showgameover = 1; Log.d(TAG, "Game Over"); } } Is anyone able to help?

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  • Character movement on a 2D tile map

    - by Chris Morris
    I'm working at making a HTML5 game. Top down, closest thing I can equate it to is the gameboy zeldas, but open world and no rooms. What I have so far is a procedurally generated map in a multi dimensional array. And a starting position on the map. Along with this I have an array of movable and non movable tile ID's. I also have a class for my player and have him being rendered out in the center of the starting tile. My problem however is getting the movement sorted out for the player. I want to be able to have the character free move around the map (pixel by pixel essentially) ontop of this 2D generated world. Ideally this would allow the user to move around the walk able area of the canvas. this is simple enough for me to do, but I am having problems now moving the world. If the user is 20% from the edge of the screen i want the world to start panning in the direction the player is heading. But I'm rather lacking in ideas of how to do this. I've looked around for some tutorials, but am coming up blank on ideas of how to generate the playable area (zoomed in) and to then move this generated area under the player when they reach near the end of the screen. My current idea was to generate a certain amount of tiles full size to fill the screen and place the player i the middle. Then when the user approaches the edge of the screen start generating the tiles offset by the distance moved and the direction. I can kind of see this working but I really have no idea if this is the best or easiest to code of methods for generating the world. sorry for the lack of code but I'm still just in the theory stages of working this all out.

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  • 2D platformers: why make the physics dependent on the framerate?

    - by Archagon
    "Super Meat Boy" is a difficult platformer that recently came out for PC, requiring exceptional control and pixel-perfect jumping. The physics code in the game is dependent on the framerate, which is locked to 60fps; this means that if your computer can't run the game at full speed, the physics will go insane, causing (among other things) your character to run slower and fall through the ground. Furthermore, if vsync is off, the game runs extremely fast. Could those experienced with 2D game programming help explain why the game was coded this way? Wouldn't a physics loop running at a constant rate be a better solution? (Actually, I think a physics loop is used for parts of the game, since some of the entities continue to move normally regardless of the framerate. Your character, on the other hand, runs exactly [fps/60] as fast.) What bothers me about this implementation is the loss of abstraction between the game engine and the graphics rendering, which depends on system-specific things like the monitor, graphics card, and CPU. If, for whatever reason, your computer can't handle vsync, or can't run the game at exactly 60fps, it'll break spectacularly. Why should the rendering step in any way influence the physics calculations? (Most games nowadays would either slow down the game or skip frames.) On the other hand, I understand that old-school platformers on the NES and SNES depended on a fixed framerate for much of their control and physics. Why is this, and would it be possible to create a patformer in that vein without having the framerate dependency? Is there necessarily a loss of precision if you separate the graphics rendering from the rest of the engine? Thank you, and sorry if the question was confusing.

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  • How to simulate pressure with particles?

    - by BeachRunnerJoe
    I'm trying to simulate pressure with a collection of spherical particles in a Unity game I'm building. A couple notes about the problem: The goal is to fill a constantly changing 2d space/void with small, frictionless spheres. The game is trying to simulate the ever-growing pressure of more objects being shoved into this space. The level itself is constantly scrolling from left to right, meaning if the space's dimensions are not changed by the user it will automatically get smaller (the leftmost part of the space will continually scroll off-screen). I'm wondering what some approaches are that I can take to tackling these problems... Knowing when to detect when there is space to fill and then add spheres to the space. Removing spheres from the space when it is shrinking. Strategies to simulate pressure on the spheres such that they "explode outwards" when more space is created. The current approach I am contemplating is using a constantly moving wall, that is off screen and moves with the screen, as this image illustrates: . This moving wall will push and trap the spheres into the space. As for adding new spheres, I was going to have either (1) spheres replicate themselves upon detecting free space, OR (2) spawn them at the left side of the space (where the wall is) - pushing the rest of the spheres to fill the space. I foresee problems with idea #1 because this likely wouldn't really create/simulate pressure; idea #2 seems more promising, but raises the question of how to provide a location for these new sphere particles to spawn (and the ramifications of spawning them when there IS no space). Thanks so much in advance for your wisdom!

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  • Bouncing off a circular Boundary with multiple balls?

    - by Anarkie
    I am making a game like this : Yellow Smiley has to escape from red smileys, when yellow smiley hits the boundary game is over, when red smileys hit the boundary they should bounce back with the same angle they came, like shown below: Every 10 seconds a new red smiley comes in the big circle, when red smiley hits yellow, game is over, speed and starting angle of red smileys should be random. I control the yellow smiley with arrow keys. The biggest problem I have reflecting the red smileys from the boundary with the angle they came. I don't know how I can give a starting angle to a red smiley and bouncing it with the angle it came. I would be glad for any tips! My js source code : var canvas = document.getElementById("mycanvas"); var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d"); // Object containing some global Smiley properties. var SmileyApp = { radius: 15, xspeed: 0, yspeed: 0, xpos:200, // x-position of smiley ypos: 200 // y-position of smiley }; var SmileyRed = { radius: 15, xspeed: 0, yspeed: 0, xpos:350, // x-position of smiley ypos: 65 // y-position of smiley }; var SmileyReds = new Array(); for (var i=0; i<5; i++){ SmileyReds[i] = { radius: 15, xspeed: 0, yspeed: 0, xpos:350, // x-position of smiley ypos: 67 // y-position of smiley }; SmileyReds[i].xspeed = Math.floor((Math.random()*50)+1); SmileyReds[i].yspeed = Math.floor((Math.random()*50)+1); } function drawBigCircle() { var centerX = canvas.width / 2; var centerY = canvas.height / 2; var radiusBig = 300; ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(centerX, centerY, radiusBig, 0, 2 * Math.PI, false); // context.fillStyle = 'green'; // context.fill(); ctx.lineWidth = 5; // context.strokeStyle = '#003300'; // green ctx.stroke(); } function lineDistance( positionx, positiony ) { var xs = 0; var ys = 0; xs = positionx - 350; xs = xs * xs; ys = positiony - 350; ys = ys * ys; return Math.sqrt( xs + ys ); } function drawSmiley(x,y,r) { // outer border ctx.lineWidth = 3; ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(x,y,r, 0, 2*Math.PI); //red ctx.fillStyle="rgba(255,0,0, 0.5)"; ctx.fillStyle="rgba(255,255,0, 0.5)"; ctx.fill(); ctx.stroke(); // mouth ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(x+0.7*r, y); ctx.arc(x,y,0.7*r, 0, Math.PI, false); // eyes var reye = r/10; var f = 0.4; ctx.moveTo(x+f*r, y-f*r); ctx.arc(x+f*r-reye, y-f*r, reye, 0, 2*Math.PI); ctx.moveTo(x-f*r, y-f*r); ctx.arc(x-f*r+reye, y-f*r, reye, -Math.PI, Math.PI); // nose ctx.moveTo(x,y); ctx.lineTo(x, y-r/2); ctx.lineWidth = 1; ctx.stroke(); } function drawSmileyRed(x,y,r) { // outer border ctx.lineWidth = 3; ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(x,y,r, 0, 2*Math.PI); //red ctx.fillStyle="rgba(255,0,0, 0.5)"; //yellow ctx.fillStyle="rgba(255,255,0, 0.5)"; ctx.fill(); ctx.stroke(); // mouth ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(x+0.4*r, y+10); ctx.arc(x,y+10,0.4*r, 0, Math.PI, true); // eyes var reye = r/10; var f = 0.4; ctx.moveTo(x+f*r, y-f*r); ctx.arc(x+f*r-reye, y-f*r, reye, 0, 2*Math.PI); ctx.moveTo(x-f*r, y-f*r); ctx.arc(x-f*r+reye, y-f*r, reye, -Math.PI, Math.PI); // nose ctx.moveTo(x,y); ctx.lineTo(x, y-r/2); ctx.lineWidth = 1; ctx.stroke(); } // --- Animation of smiley moving with constant speed and bounce back at edges of canvas --- var tprev = 0; // this is used to calculate the time step between two successive calls of run function run(t) { requestAnimationFrame(run); if (t === undefined) { t=0; } var h = t - tprev; // time step tprev = t; SmileyApp.xpos += SmileyApp.xspeed * h/1000; // update position according to constant speed SmileyApp.ypos += SmileyApp.yspeed * h/1000; // update position according to constant speed for (var i=0; i<SmileyReds.length; i++){ SmileyReds[i].xpos += SmileyReds[i].xspeed * h/1000; // update position according to constant speed SmileyReds[i].ypos += SmileyReds[i].yspeed * h/1000; // update position according to constant speed } // change speed direction if smiley hits canvas edges if (lineDistance(SmileyApp.xpos, SmileyApp.ypos) + SmileyApp.radius > 300) { alert("Game Over"); } // redraw smiley at new position ctx.clearRect(0,0,canvas.height, canvas.width); drawBigCircle(); drawSmiley(SmileyApp.xpos, SmileyApp.ypos, SmileyApp.radius); for (var i=0; i<SmileyReds.length; i++){ drawSmileyRed(SmileyReds[i].xpos, SmileyReds[i].ypos, SmileyReds[i].radius); } } // uncomment these two lines to get every going // SmileyApp.speed = 100; run(); // --- Control smiley motion with left/right arrow keys function arrowkeyCB(event) { event.preventDefault(); if (event.keyCode === 37) { // left arrow SmileyApp.xspeed = -100; SmileyApp.yspeed = 0; } else if (event.keyCode === 39) { // right arrow SmileyApp.xspeed = 100; SmileyApp.yspeed = 0; } else if (event.keyCode === 38) { // up arrow SmileyApp.yspeed = -100; SmileyApp.xspeed = 0; } else if (event.keyCode === 40) { // right arrow SmileyApp.yspeed = 100; SmileyApp.xspeed = 0; } } document.addEventListener('keydown', arrowkeyCB, true); JSFiddle : http://jsfiddle.net/gj4Q7/

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  • Method for spawning enemies according to player score and game time

    - by Sun
    I'm making a top-down shooter and want to scale the difficulty of the game according to what the score is and how much time has Passed. Along with this, I want to spawn enemies in different patterns and increase the intervals at which these enemies are shown. I'm going for a similar effect to Geometry wars. However, I can think of a to do this other than have multiple if-else statments, e.g. : if (score > 1000) { //spawn x amount if enemies } else if (score > 10000) { //spawn x amount of enemy type 1 & 2 } else if (score > 15000) { //spawn x amount of enemy type 1 & 2 & 3 } else if (score > 25000) { //spawn x amount of enemy type 1 & 2 & 3 //create patterns with enemies } ...etc What would be a better method of spawning enemies as I have described?

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  • What is the proper way to maintain the angle of a gun mounted on a car?

    - by Blair
    So I am making a simple game. I want to put a gun on top of a car. I want to be able to control the angle of the gun. Basically it can go forward all the way so that it is parallel to the ground facing the direction the car is moving or it can point behind the car and any of the angles in between these positions. I have something like the following right now but its not really working. Is there an better way to do this that I am not seeing? #This will place the car glPushMatrix() glTranslatef(self.position.x,1.5,self.position.z) glRotated(self.rotation, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0) glScaled(0.5, 0.5, 0.5) glCallList(self.model.gl_list) glPopMatrix() #This will place the gun on top glPushMatrix() glTranslatef(self.position.x,2.5,self.position.z) glRotated(self.tube_angle, self.direction.z, 0.0, self.direction.x) print self.direction.z glRotated(45, self.position.z, 0.0, self.position.x) glScaled(1.0, 0.5, 1.0) glCallList(self.tube.gl_list) glPopMatrix() This almost works. It moves the gun up and down. But when the car moves around, the angle of the gun changes. Not what I want.

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  • Android Loading Screen: How do I use a stack to load elements?

    - by tom_mai78101
    I have some problems with figuring out what value I should put in the function: int value_needed_to_figure_out = X; ProgressBar.incrementProgressBy(value_needed_to_figure_out); I've been researching about loading screens and how to use them. Some examples I've seen have implemented Thread.sleep() in a Handler.post(new Runnable()) function. To me, I got most of that concept of using the Handler to update the ProgressBar, while pretending to do some heavy crunching work. So, I kept looking. I have read this thread here: How do I load chunks of data from an assest manager during a loading screen? It said that I can try using a stack it needs to load, and adding a size counter as I add elements to the stack. What does it mean? This is the part where I'm totally stumped. If anyone would provide some hints, I'll gladly appreciate it. Thanks in advance.

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  • Preferred way to render text in OpenGL

    - by dukeofgaming
    Hi, I'm about tu pick up computer graphics once again for an university project. For a previous project I used a library called ftgl that didn't leave me quite satisfied as it felt kind of heavy (I tried all rendering techniques, text rendering didn't scale very well). My question is, is there a good and efficient library for this?, if not, what would be the way to implement fast but nice looking text?. Some intended uses are: Floating object/character labels Dialogues Menus HUD Regards and thanks in advance. EDIT: Preferrably that it can load fonts

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  • State / Screen management in Entity Component Systems

    - by David Lively
    My entity/component system is happily humming along and, despite some performance concerns I initially had, everything is working fine. However, I've realized that I missed a crucial point when starting this thing: how do you handle different screens? At the moment, I have a GameManager class which owns a component manager and entity manager. When I create an entity, the entity manager assigns it an ID and makes sure it's tracked. When I modify the components that are assigned to an entity. an UpdateEntity method is called, which alerts each of the systems that they may need to add or remove the entity from their respective entity lists. A problem with this is that the collection of entities operated on by each system is determined solely by the individual Systems, typically based on a "required component" filter. (An entity has to have a Renderable component to be rendered, for instance.) In this situation, I can't just keep collections of entities per screen and only Update/Draw those collections. They'd have to either be added and removed depending on their applicability to the current screen, which would cause their associated components to be removed, or enable/disable entities in a group per screen to hide what's not supposed to be visible. These approaches seem like really, really crappy kludges. What's a good way to handle this? A pretty straightforward way that comes to mind is to create a separate GameManager (which in my implementation owns all of the systems, entities, etc.) per screen, which means that everything outside of the device context would be duplicated. That's bothersome because some things are always visible, or I might want to continue to display the game under a translucent menu window. Another option would be to add a "layer" key to the GameManager class, which could be checked against a displayable layer stack held by the game manager. *System.Draw() would be called for each active layer, in the required order as determined by the stack. When the systems request an iterator for their respective entity collections, it would be pre-filtered to a (cached) set of those entities that participate in the active layer. Those collections could be updated from the same UpdateEntity event that's already used to maintain each system's entity collections. Still, kinda feels like a hack. If I've coded myself into a corner, feel free to throw tomatoes as long as they're labeled with a helpful suggestion. Hooray for learning curves.

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  • the unity aspect ratio script looks good in computer but not in android phones

    - by Pooya Fayyaz
    I'm developing a game for android devices.and i have a script that solve the ratio problem but i have a problem in this code.and i dont know why.it looks perfect in computer even resize the game screen but in mobile phones have a problem.my game runs in landscape mode.this is the script : using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; public class reso : MonoBehaviour { void Update() { // set the desired aspect ratio (the values in this example are // hard-coded for 16:9, but you could make them into public // variables instead so you can set them at design time) float targetaspect = 16.0f / 9.0f; // determine the game window's current aspect ratio float windowaspect = (float)Screen.width / (float)Screen.height; // current viewport height should be scaled by this amount float scaleheight = windowaspect / targetaspect; // obtain camera component so we can modify its viewport Camera camera = GetComponent<Camera>(); // if scaled height is less than current height, add letterbox if (scaleheight < 1.0f && Screen.width <= 490 ) { Rect rect = camera.rect; rect.width = 1.0f; rect.height = scaleheight; rect.x = 0; rect.y = (1.0f - scaleheight) / 2.0f; camera.rect = rect; } else // add pillarbox { float scalewidth = 1.0f / scaleheight; Rect rect = camera.rect; rect.width = scalewidth; rect.height = 1.0f; rect.x = (1.0f - scalewidth) / 2.0f; rect.y = 0; camera.rect = rect; } } } i figure that my problem occur in this part of the script: if (scaleheight < 1.0f) { Rect rect = camera.rect; rect.width = 1.0f; rect.height = scaleheight; rect.x = 0; rect.y = (1.0f - scaleheight) / 2.0f; camera.rect = rect; } and its look like this in my mobile phone in portrait: and in landscape mode:

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  • 2D metaball liquid effect - how to feed output of one rendering pass as input to another shader

    - by Guye Incognito
    I'm attempting to make a shader for unity3d web project. I want to implement something like in the great answer by DMGregory in this question. in order to achieve a final look something like this.. Its metaballs with specular and shading. The steps to make this shader are. 1. Convert the feathered blobs into a heightmap. 2. Generate a normalmap from the heightmap 3. Feed the normal map and height map into a standard unity shader, for instance transparent parallax specular. I pretty much have all the pieces I need assembled but I am new to shaders and need help putting them together I can generate a heightmap from the blobs using some fragment shader code I wrote (I'm just using the red channel here cus i dont know if you can access the brightness) half4 frag (v2f i) : COLOR{ half4 texcol,finalColor; texcol = tex2D (_MainTex, i.uv); finalColor=_MyColor; if(texcol.r<_botmcut) { finalColor.r= 0; } else if((texcol.r>_topcut)) { finalColor.r= 0; } else { float r = _topcut-_botmcut; float xpos = _topcut - texcol.r; finalColor.r= (_botmcut + sqrt((xpos*xpos)-(r*r)))/_constant; } return finalColor; } turns these blobs.. into this heightmap Also I've found some CG code that generates a normal map from a height map. The bit of code that makes the normal map from finite differences is here void surf (Input IN, inout SurfaceOutput o) { o.Albedo = fixed3(0.5); float3 normal = UnpackNormal(tex2D(_BumpMap, IN.uv_MainTex)); float me = tex2D(_HeightMap,IN.uv_MainTex).x; float n = tex2D(_HeightMap,float2(IN.uv_MainTex.x,IN.uv_MainTex.y+1.0/_HeightmapDimY)).x; float s = tex2D(_HeightMap,float2(IN.uv_MainTex.x,IN.uv_MainTex.y-1.0/_HeightmapDimY)).x; float e = tex2D(_HeightMap,float2(IN.uv_MainTex.x-1.0/_HeightmapDimX,IN.uv_MainTex.y)).x; float w = tex2D(_HeightMap,float2(IN.uv_MainTex.x+1.0/_HeightmapDimX,IN.uv_MainTex.y)).x; float3 norm = normal; float3 temp = norm; //a temporary vector that is not parallel to norm if(norm.x==1) temp.y+=0.5; else temp.x+=0.5; //form a basis with norm being one of the axes: float3 perp1 = normalize(cross(norm,temp)); float3 perp2 = normalize(cross(norm,perp1)); //use the basis to move the normal in its own space by the offset float3 normalOffset = -_HeightmapStrength * ( ( (n-me) - (s-me) ) * perp1 + ( ( e - me ) - ( w - me ) ) * perp2 ); norm += normalOffset; norm = normalize(norm); o.Normal = norm; } Also here is the built-in transparent parallax specular shader for unity. Shader "Transparent/Parallax Specular" { Properties { _Color ("Main Color", Color) = (1,1,1,1) _SpecColor ("Specular Color", Color) = (0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0) _Shininess ("Shininess", Range (0.01, 1)) = 0.078125 _Parallax ("Height", Range (0.005, 0.08)) = 0.02 _MainTex ("Base (RGB) TransGloss (A)", 2D) = "white" {} _BumpMap ("Normalmap", 2D) = "bump" {} _ParallaxMap ("Heightmap (A)", 2D) = "black" {} } SubShader { Tags {"Queue"="Transparent" "IgnoreProjector"="True" "RenderType"="Transparent"} LOD 600 CGPROGRAM #pragma surface surf BlinnPhong alpha #pragma exclude_renderers flash sampler2D _MainTex; sampler2D _BumpMap; sampler2D _ParallaxMap; fixed4 _Color; half _Shininess; float _Parallax; struct Input { float2 uv_MainTex; float2 uv_BumpMap; float3 viewDir; }; void surf (Input IN, inout SurfaceOutput o) { half h = tex2D (_ParallaxMap, IN.uv_BumpMap).w; float2 offset = ParallaxOffset (h, _Parallax, IN.viewDir); IN.uv_MainTex += offset; IN.uv_BumpMap += offset; fixed4 tex = tex2D(_MainTex, IN.uv_MainTex); o.Albedo = tex.rgb * _Color.rgb; o.Gloss = tex.a; o.Alpha = tex.a * _Color.a; o.Specular = _Shininess; o.Normal = UnpackNormal(tex2D(_BumpMap, IN.uv_BumpMap)); } ENDCG } FallBack "Transparent/Bumped Specular" }

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  • Animation API vs frame animation

    - by Max
    I'm pretty far down the road in my game right now, closing in on the end. And I'm adding little tweaks here and there. I used custom frame animation of a single image with many versions of my sprite on it, and controlled which part of the image to show using rectangles. But I'm starting to think that maybe I should've used the Animation API that comes with android instead. Will this effect my performance in a negative way? Can I still use rectangles to draw my bitmap? Could I add effects from the Animation API to my current frame-controlled animation? like the fadeout-effect etc? this would mean I wont have to change my current code. I want some of my animations to fade out, and just noticed that using the Animation API makes things alot easier. But needless to say, I would prefer not having to change all my animation-code. I'm bad at explaining, so Ill show a bit of how I do my animation: private static final int BMP_ROWS = 1; //I use top-view so only need my sprite to have 1 direction private static final int BMP_COLUMNS = 3; public void update(GameControls controls) { if (sprite.isMoving) { currentFrame = ++currentFrame % BMP_COLUMNS; } else { this.setFrame(1); } } public void draw(Canvas canvas, int x, int y, float angle) { this.x=x; this.y=y; canvas.save(); canvas.rotate(angle , x + width / 2, y + height / 2); int srcX = currentFrame * width; int srcY = 0 * height; Rect src = new Rect(srcX, srcY, srcX + width, srcY + height); Rect dst = new Rect(x, y, x + width, y + height); canvas.drawBitmap(bitmap, src, dst, null); canvas.restore(); }

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  • Unity Occlusion Portals: What and How?

    - by Nick Wiggill
    (Here I eat my words on Meta about posting Unity questions on Unity Answers... since that site is less responsive than this one.) Unity provides cell-based Occlusion Culling (via Umbra, I believe). However, a newer feature that it supports is Occlusion Portals. The question is, if BSP-based occlusion culling is already a feature of Unity, what do portals add, and how? PS. This question is not "What are portals?" -- I'm aware of the original Quake BSP-style portals -- which is partly why I find the explicit portal concept in Unity odd, since it uses BSP anyway.

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  • How do I generate a level randomly?

    - by Charlton Santana
    I am currently hard coding 10 different instances like the code below, but but I'd like to create many more. Instead of having the same layout for the new level, I was wondering if there is anyway to generate a random X value for each block (this will be how far into the level it is). A level 100,000 pixels wide would be good enough but if anyone knows a system to make the level go on and on, I'd like to know that too. This is basically how I define a block now (with irrelevant code removed): block = new Block(R.drawable.block, 400, platformheight); block2 = new Block(R.drawable.block, 600, platformheight); block3 = new Block(R.drawable.block, 750, platformheight); The 400 is the X position, which I'd like to place randomly through the level, the platformheight variable defines the Y position which I don't want to change.

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  • Android Swipe In Unity 3D World with AR

    - by Christian
    I am working on an AR application using Unity3D and the Vuforia SDK for Android. The way the application works is a when the designated image(a frame marker in our case) is recognized by the camera, a 3D island is rendered at that spot. Currently I am able to detect when/which objects are touched on the model by raycasting. I also am able to successfully detect a swipe using this code: if (Input.touchCount > 0) { Touch touch = Input.touches[0]; switch (touch.phase) { case TouchPhase.Began: couldBeSwipe = true; startPos = touch.position; startTime = Time.time; break; case TouchPhase.Moved: if (Mathf.Abs(touch.position.y - startPos.y) > comfortZoneY) { couldBeSwipe = false; } //track points here for raycast if it is swipe break; case TouchPhase.Stationary: couldBeSwipe = false; break; case TouchPhase.Ended: float swipeTime = Time.time - startTime; float swipeDist = (touch.position - startPos).magnitude; if (couldBeSwipe && (swipeTime < maxSwipeTime) && (swipeDist > minSwipeDist)) { // It's a swiiiiiiiiiiiipe! float swipeDirection = Mathf.Sign(touch.position.y - startPos.y); // Do something here in reaction to the swipe. swipeCounter.IncrementCounter(); } break; } touchInfo.SetTouchInfo (Time.time-startTime,(touch.position-startPos).magnitude,Mathf.Abs (touch.position.y-startPos.y)); } Thanks to andeeeee for the logic. But I want to have some interaction in the 3D world based on the swipe on the screen. I.E. If the user swipes over unoccluded enemies, they die. My first thought was to track all the points in the moved TouchPhase, and then if it is a swipe raycast into all those points and kill any enemy that is hit. Is there a better way to do this? What is the best approach? Thanks for the help!

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  • dynamic 2d texture creation in unity from script

    - by gman
    I'm coming from HTML5 and I'm used to having the 2D Canvas API I can use to generate textures. Is there anything similar in Unity3D? For example, let's say at runtime I want to render a circle, put 3 initials in the middle and then take the result and put that in a texture. In HTML5 I'd do this var initials = "GAT"; var textureWidth = 256; var textureHeight = 256; // create a canvas var c = document.createElement("canvas"); c.width = textureWidth; c.height = textureHeight; var ctx = c.getContext("2d"); // Set the origin to the center of the canvas ctx.translate(textureWidth / 2, textureHeight / 2); // Draw a yellow circle ctx.fillStyle = "rgb(255,255,0)"; // yellow ctx.beginPath(); var radius = (Math.min(textureWidth, textureHeight) - 2) / 2; ctx.arc(0, 0, radius, 0, Math.PI * 2, true); ctx.fill(); // Draw some black initials in the middle. ctx.fillStyle = "rgb(0,0,0)"; ctx.font = "60pt Arial"; ctx.textAlign = "center"; ctx.fillText(initials, 0, 30); // now I can make a texture from that var tex = gl.createTexture(); gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, tex); gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, c); gl.generateMipmap(gl.TEXTURE_2D); I know I can edit individual pixels in a Unity texture but is there any higher level API for drawing to texture in unity?

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  • Creating models in 3ds max and exporting as .x for XNA

    - by Sweta Dwivedi
    I have created a few models in 3DS max which contains textures, geometry and animations . .however .fbx doesnt really support textures.. So im planning to use .x format.. I have seen a few converters in pandasoft but once i unzip the file and place the .dle file in the plugins folder of 3D max gives an error saying failed to initialize.. Is there any way to convert my .max models into .x format ? ? I dont know blender so that isnt an option. . I'm currently using 3ds max 2013 After adding the .3DS object content importer. . i get the following error:

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  • How to determine the end of list has been reached?

    - by Sweta Dwivedi
    I'm trying to animate my object according to a set of recorded values from kinect skeleton stream by saving the (x,y,z) stream from the skeletal data into a list and then set my objects x and y position from the x,y of the list. However, once the list end has been reached it starts to animate again from the start. I don't want that - I just want the model position to keep going in the positive X direction. Is there any way I can check if end of the list has been reached and to just update the model position in x direction? Or is there any other way to continue moving my sprite once the points in the list are over... i dont want it to start animating all the way again.. protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { //position += spriteSpeed * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; //// TODO: Add your update logic here using (StreamReader r = new StreamReader(f)) { string line; Viewport view = graphics.GraphicsDevice.Viewport; int maxWidth = view.Width; int maxHeight = view.Height; while((line = r.ReadLine()) != null) { string[] temp = line.Split(','); int x = (int) Math.Floor(((float.Parse(temp[0]) * 0.5f) + 0.5f) * maxWidth); int y = (int) Math.Floor(((float.Parse(temp[1]) * -0.5f) + 0.5f) * maxHeight); motion_2.Add(new Point(x, y)); } } position.X = motion_2[i].X; position.Y = motion_2[i].Y; i++; a_butterfly_up.Update(gameTime); a_butterfly_side.Update(gameTime); G_vidPlayer.Play(mossV); base.Update(gameTime); }

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