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• Reference Paramters in C++: VERY basic example please.

  - by Sagistic

  I am trying to understand how to use reference parameters. There are several examples in my text, however they are too complicated for me to understand why and how to use them. Could anyone give me the MOST basic example of how/why to use one, and perhaps the difference with or without it (what would happen if you didn't attach the '&'). for example, if I've created a function: int doSomething(int& a, int& b), what would be the consequences of not putting in that '&.' I understand that reference variables are used in order to change a formal-reference, which then allows a two-way exchange of parameters. However, that is the extent of my knowledge, and a more concrete example would be of much help. Thank you.

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• Reference Parameters in C++: VERY basic example please.

  - by Sagistic

  I am trying to understand how to use reference parameters. There are several examples in my text, however they are too complicated for me to understand why and how to use them. Could anyone give me the MOST basic example of how/why to use one, and perhaps the difference with or without it (what would happen if you didn't attach the '&'). for example, if I've created a function: int doSomething(int& a, int& b), what would be the consequences of not putting in that '&.' I understand that reference variables are used in order to change a formal-reference, which then allows a two-way exchange of parameters. However, that is the extent of my knowledge, and a more concrete example would be of much help. Thank you.

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• Character encoding issues when generating MD5 hash cross-platform

  - by rogueprocess

  This is a general question about character encoding when using MD5 libraries in various languages. My concern is: suppose I generate an MD5 hash using a native Python string object, like this: message = "hello world" m = md5() m.update(message) Then I take a hex version of that MD5 hash using: m.hexdigest() and send the message & MD5 hash via a network, let's say, a JMS message or a HTTP request. Now I get this message in a Java program in the form of a native Java string, along with the checksum. Then I generate an MD5 hash using Java, like this (using the Commons Codec library): String md5 = org.apache.commons.codec.digest.DigestUtils.DigestUtils.md5Hex(s) My feeling is that this is wrong because I have not specified character encodng at either end. So the original hash will be based on the bytes of the Python version of the string; the Java one will be based on the bytes of the Java version of the string , these two byte sequences will often not be the same - is that right? So really I need to specify "UTF-8" or whatever at both ends right? (I am actually getting an intermittent error in my code where the MD5 checksum fails, and I suspect this is the reason - but because it's intermittent, it's difficult to say if changing this fixes it or not. ) Thank you!

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• Character Encoding: â??

  - by akaphenom

  I am trying to piece together the mysterious string of characters â?? I am seeing quite a bit of in our database - I am fairly sure this is a result of conversion between character encodings, but I am not completely positive. The users are able to enter text (or cut and paste) into a Ext-Js rich text editor. The data is posted to a severlet which persists it to the database, and when I view it in the database i see those strange characters... is there any way to decode these back to their original meaning, if I was able to discover the correct encoding - or is there a loss of bits or bytes that has occured through the conversion process? Users are cutting and pasting from multiple versions of MS Word and PDF. Does the encoding follow where the user copied from? Thank you website is UTF-8 We are using ms sql server 2005; SELECT serverproperty('Collation') -- Server default collation. Latin1_General_CI_AS SELECT databasepropertyex('xxxx', 'Collation') -- Database default SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS and the column: Column_name Type Computed Length Prec Scale Nullable TrimTrailingBlanks FixedLenNullInSource Collation text varchar no -1 yes no yes SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS The non-Unicode equivalents of the nchar, nvarchar, and ntext data types in SQL Server 2000 are listed below. When Unicode data is inserted into one of these non-Unicode data type columns through a command string (otherwise known as a "language event"), SQL Server converts the data to the data type using the code page associated with the collation of the column. When a character cannot be represented on a code page, it is replaced by a question mark (?), indicating the data has been lost. Appearance of unexpected characters or question marks in your data indicates your data has been converted from Unicode to non-Unicode at some layer, and this conversion resulted in lost characters. So this may be the root cause of the problem... and not an easy one to solve on our end.

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• undefined reference to function, despite giving reference in c

  - by Jamie Edwards

  I'm following a tutorial, but when it comes to compiling and linking the code I get the following error: /tmp/cc8gRrVZ.o: In function `main': main.c:(.text+0xa): undefined reference to `monitor_clear' main.c:(.text+0x16): undefined reference to `monitor_write' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [obj/main.o] Error 1 What that is telling me is that I haven't defined both 'monitor_clear' and 'monitor_write'. But I have, in both the header and source files. They are as follows: monitor.c: // monitor.c -- Defines functions for writing to the monitor. // heavily based on Bran's kernel development tutorials, // but rewritten for JamesM's kernel tutorials. #include "monitor.h" // The VGA framebuffer starts at 0xB8000. u16int *video_memory = (u16int *)0xB8000; // Stores the cursor position. u8int cursor_x = 0; u8int cursor_y = 0; // Updates the hardware cursor. static void move_cursor() { // The screen is 80 characters wide... u16int cursorLocation = cursor_y * 80 + cursor_x; outb(0x3D4, 14); // Tell the VGA board we are setting the high cursor byte. outb(0x3D5, cursorLocation >> 8); // Send the high cursor byte. outb(0x3D4, 15); // Tell the VGA board we are setting the low cursor byte. outb(0x3D5, cursorLocation); // Send the low cursor byte. } // Scrolls the text on the screen up by one line. static void scroll() { // Get a space character with the default colour attributes. u8int attributeByte = (0 /*black*/ << 4) | (15 /*white*/ & 0x0F); u16int blank = 0x20 /* space */ | (attributeByte << 8); // Row 25 is the end, this means we need to scroll up if(cursor_y >= 25) { // Move the current text chunk that makes up the screen // back in the buffer by a line int i; for (i = 0*80; i < 24*80; i++) { video_memory[i] = video_memory[i+80]; } // The last line should now be blank. Do this by writing // 80 spaces to it. for (i = 24*80; i < 25*80; i++) { video_memory[i] = blank; } // The cursor should now be on the last line. cursor_y = 24; } } // Writes a single character out to the screen. void monitor_put(char c) { // The background colour is black (0), the foreground is white (15). u8int backColour = 0; u8int foreColour = 15; // The attribute byte is made up of two nibbles - the lower being the // foreground colour, and the upper the background colour. u8int attributeByte = (backColour << 4) | (foreColour & 0x0F); // The attribute byte is the top 8 bits of the word we have to send to the // VGA board. u16int attribute = attributeByte << 8; u16int *location; // Handle a backspace, by moving the cursor back one space if (c == 0x08 && cursor_x) { cursor_x--; } // Handle a tab by increasing the cursor's X, but only to a point // where it is divisible by 8. else if (c == 0x09) { cursor_x = (cursor_x+8) & ~(8-1); } // Handle carriage return else if (c == '\r') { cursor_x = 0; } // Handle newline by moving cursor back to left and increasing the row else if (c == '\n') { cursor_x = 0; cursor_y++; } // Handle any other printable character. else if(c >= ' ') { location = video_memory + (cursor_y*80 + cursor_x); *location = c | attribute; cursor_x++; } // Check if we need to insert a new line because we have reached the end // of the screen. if (cursor_x >= 80) { cursor_x = 0; cursor_y ++; } // Scroll the screen if needed. scroll(); // Move the hardware cursor. move_cursor(); } // Clears the screen, by copying lots of spaces to the framebuffer. void monitor_clear() { // Make an attribute byte for the default colours u8int attributeByte = (0 /*black*/ << 4) | (15 /*white*/ & 0x0F); u16int blank = 0x20 /* space */ | (attributeByte << 8); int i; for (i = 0; i < 80*25; i++) { video_memory[i] = blank; } // Move the hardware cursor back to the start. cursor_x = 0; cursor_y = 0; move_cursor(); } // Outputs a null-terminated ASCII string to the monitor. void monitor_write(char *c) { int i = 0; while (c[i]) { monitor_put(c[i++]); } } void monitor_write_hex(u32int n) { s32int tmp; monitor_write("0x"); char noZeroes = 1; int i; for (i = 28; i > 0; i -= 4) { tmp = (n >> i) & 0xF; if (tmp == 0 && noZeroes != 0) { continue; } if (tmp >= 0xA) { noZeroes = 0; monitor_put (tmp-0xA+'a' ); } else { noZeroes = 0; monitor_put( tmp+'0' ); } } tmp = n & 0xF; if (tmp >= 0xA) { monitor_put (tmp-0xA+'a'); } else { monitor_put (tmp+'0'); } } void monitor_write_dec(u32int n) { if (n == 0) { monitor_put('0'); return; } s32int acc = n; char c[32]; int i = 0; while (acc > 0) { c[i] = '0' + acc%10; acc /= 10; i++; } c[i] = 0; char c2[32]; c2[i--] = 0; int j = 0; while(i >= 0) { c2[i--] = c[j++]; } monitor_write(c2); } monitor.h: // monitor.h -- Defines the interface for monitor.h // From JamesM's kernel development tutorials. #ifndef MONITOR_H #define MONITOR_H #include "common.h" // Write a single character out to the screen. void monitor_put(char c); // Clear the screen to all black. void monitor_clear(); // Output a null-terminated ASCII string to the monitor. void monitor_write(char *c); #endif // MONITOR_H common.c: // common.c -- Defines some global functions. // From JamesM's kernel development tutorials. #include "common.h" // Write a byte out to the specified port. void outb ( u16int port, u8int value ) { asm volatile ( "outb %1, %0" : : "dN" ( port ), "a" ( value ) ); } u8int inb ( u16int port ) { u8int ret; asm volatile ( "inb %1, %0" : "=a" ( ret ) : "dN" ( port ) ); return ret; } u16int inw ( u16int port ) { u16int ret; asm volatile ( "inw %1, %0" : "=a" ( ret ) : "dN" ( port ) ); return ret; } // Copy len bytes from src to dest. void memcpy(u8int *dest, const u8int *src, u32int len) { const u8int *sp = ( const u8int * ) src; u8int *dp = ( u8int * ) dest; for ( ; len != 0; len-- ) *dp++ =*sp++; } // Write len copies of val into dest. void memset(u8int *dest, u8int val, u32int len) { u8int *temp = ( u8int * ) dest; for ( ; len != 0; len-- ) *temp++ = val; } // Compare two strings. Should return -1 if // str1 < str2, 0 if they are equal or 1 otherwise. int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2) { int i = 0; int failed = 0; while ( str1[i] != '\0' && str2[i] != '\0' ) { if ( str1[i] != str2[i] ) { failed = 1; break; } i++; } // Why did the loop exit? if ( ( str1[i] == '\0' && str2[i] != '\0' || (str1[i] != '\0' && str2[i] =='\0' ) ) failed =1; return failed; } // Copy the NULL-terminated string src into dest, and // return dest. char *strcpy(char *dest, const char *src) { do { *dest++ = *src++; } while ( *src != 0 ); } // Concatenate the NULL-terminated string src onto // the end of dest, and return dest. char *strcat(char *dest, const char *src) { while ( *dest != 0 ) { *dest = *dest++; } do { *dest++ = *src++; } while ( *src != 0 ); return dest; } common.h: // common.h -- Defines typedefs and some global functions. // From JamesM's kernel development tutorials. #ifndef COMMON_H #define COMMON_H // Some nice typedefs, to standardise sizes across platforms. // These typedefs are written for 32-bit x86. typedef unsigned int u32int; typedef int s32int; typedef unsigned short u16int; typedef short s16int; typedef unsigned char u8int; typedef char s8int; void outb ( u16int port, u8int value ); u8int inb ( u16int port ); u16int inw ( u16int port ); #endif //COMMON_H main.c: // main.c -- Defines the C-code kernel entry point, calls initialisation routines. // Made for JamesM's tutorials <www.jamesmolloy.co.uk> #include "monitor.h" int main(struct multiboot *mboot_ptr) { monitor_clear(); monitor_write ( "hello, world!" ); return 0; } here is my makefile: C_SOURCES= main.c monitor.c common.c S_SOURCES= boot.s C_OBJECTS=$(patsubst %.c, obj/%.o, $(C_SOURCES)) S_OBJECTS=$(patsubst %.s, obj/%.o, $(S_SOURCES)) CFLAGS=-nostdlib -nostdinc -fno-builtin -fno-stack-protector -m32 -Iheaders LDFLAGS=-Tlink.ld -melf_i386 --oformat=elf32-i386 ASFLAGS=-felf all: kern/kernel .PHONY: clean clean: -rm -f kern/kernel kern/kernel: $(S_OBJECTS) $(C_OBJECTS) ld $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $^ $(C_OBJECTS): obj/%.o : %.c gcc $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@ vpath %.c source $(S_OBJECTS): obj/%.o : %.s nasm $(ASFLAGS) $< -o $@ vpath %.s asem Hopefully this will help you understand what is going wrong and how to fix it :L Thanks in advance. Jamie.

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• Weird character at start of json content type

  - by Nek

  Hi, I'm trying to return json content read from MySQL server. This is supposed to be easy but, there is a 'weird' character that keeps appearing at start of the content. I have two pages for returning content: kcb433.sytes.net/as/test.php?json=true&limit=6&input=d this test.php is from a script written by Timothy Groves, which converts an array to json output http://kcb433.sytes.net/k.php?k=4 this one is supposed to do the same I tried to validate it here jsonformatter.curiousconcept.com but just page 1 gets validated, page 2 says that it does not contain JSON data. If accessed directly both pages has no problems. Then what is the difference, why both don't get validated? Then I found this page jsonformat.com and tried the same thing. Page 1 was ok and page 2 wasn't but, surprisingly the data could be read. At a glance, {"a":"b"} may look good but there is a character in front. According to a hex editor online, this is the value of the string above (instead of 9 values, there are 10): -- 7B 22 61 22 3A 22 62 22 7D The code to echo json in page 2 is: header("Content-Type: application/json"); echo "{\"a\":\"b\"}";

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• In MySQL how can I tell what character set a particular table is using?

  - by muudscope

  I have a large mysql table that I think might be using the wrong character set. If so I'll need to change it using ALTER TABLE mytable CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 But since this is a very large table, I'd rather not run this command unless I have to. So my question is, how can I ask mysql what the character set is on a particular table? I can call status in mysql to see the database's character set, but that doesn't necessarily mean all the tables have the same character set, right?

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• Can I use a genetic algorithm for balancing character builds?

  - by Renan Malke Stigliani

  I'm starting to build a online PVP (duel like, one-on-one) game, where there is leveling, skill points, special attacks and all the common stuff. Since I have never done anything like this, I'm still thinking about the math behind the levels/skills/specials balance. So I thought a good way of testing the best builds/combos, would be to implement a Genetic Algorithm. It'd be like this: Generate a big group of random characters Make them fight, level them up accordingly to their victories(more XP)/losses(less XP) Mate the winners, crossing their builds, to try and make even better characters Add some more random chars, emulating new players Repeat the process for some time, or util I find some chars who can beat everyone's butt I could then play with the math and try to find better balances to make sure that the top x% of chars would be a mix of various build types. So, is it a good idea, or is there some other, easier method to do the balancing?

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• ming 0.4.2 compilation errors on Ubuntu 12.04 when installing from source code

  - by gmuhammad

  I am trying to install ming 0.4.2 from source code and it was compilable before on Ubuntu 10.04, but now it' giving following compilation errors when I try to install using command sudo make install (libpng is already installed). /bin/bash ../libtool --tag=CC --mode=link gcc -g -O2 -Wall -DSWF_LITTLE_ENDIAN -o img2swf img2swf.o ../src/libming.la libtool: link: gcc -g -O2 -Wall -DSWF_LITTLE_ENDIAN -o .libs/img2swf img2swf.o ../src/.libs/libming.so gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../src -I../src -g -O2 -Wall -DSWF_LITTLE_ENDIAN -MT png2dbl.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/png2dbl.Tpo -c -o png2dbl.o png2dbl.c png2dbl.c: In function ‘readPNG’: png2dbl.c:64:8: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fread’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result] mv -f .deps/png2dbl.Tpo .deps/png2dbl.Po /bin/bash ../libtool --tag=CC --mode=link gcc -g -O2 -Wall -DSWF_LITTLE_ENDIAN -o png2dbl png2dbl.o ../src/libming.la libtool: link: gcc -g -O2 -Wall -DSWF_LITTLE_ENDIAN -o .libs/png2dbl png2dbl.o ../src/.libs/libming.so png2dbl.o: In function `readPNG': /home/gmuhammad/Downloads/ming-0.4.2/util/png2dbl.c:69: undefined reference to `png_create_read_struct' /home/gmuhammad/Downloads/ming-0.4.2/util/png2dbl.c:74: undefined reference to `png_create_info_struct' /home/gmuhammad/Downloads/ming-0.4.2/util/png2dbl.c:82: undefined reference to `png_create_info_struct' /home/gmuhammad/Downloads/ming-0.4.2/util/png2dbl.c:97: undefined reference to `png_init_io' /home/gmuhammad/Downloads/ming-0.4.2/util/png2dbl.c:98: undefined reference to `png_set_sig_bytes' /home/gmuhammad/Downloads/ming-0.4.2/util/png2dbl.c:99: undefined reference to `png_read_info' /home/gmuhammad/Downloads/ming-0.4.2/util/png2dbl.c:101: undefined reference to `png_get_IHDR' /home/gmuhammad/Downloads/ming-0.4.2/util/png2dbl.c:127: undefined reference to `png_get_valid' /home/gmuhammad/Downloads/ming-0.4.2/util/png2dbl.c:156: undefined reference to `png_read_update_info' /home/gmuhammad/Downloads/ming-0.4.2/util/png2dbl.c:158: undefined reference to `png_get_IHDR' /home/gmuhammad/Downloads/ming-0.4.2/util/png2dbl.c:162: undefined reference to `png_get_channels' /home/gmuhammad/Downloads/ming-0.4.2/util/png2dbl.c:187: undefined reference to `png_get_rowbytes' /home/gmuhammad/Downloads/ming-0.4.2/util/png2dbl.c:194: undefined reference to `png_read_image' /home/gmuhammad/Downloads/ming-0.4.2/util/png2dbl.c:128: undefined reference to `png_set_expand' /home/gmuhammad/Downloads/ming-0.4.2/util/png2dbl.c:135: undefined reference to `png_set_strip_16' /home/gmuhammad/Downloads/ming-0.4.2/util/png2dbl.c:143: undefined reference to `png_set_gray_to_rgb' /home/gmuhammad/Downloads/ming-0.4.2/util/png2dbl.c:151: undefined reference to `png_set_filler' /home/gmuhammad/Downloads/ming-0.4.2/util/png2dbl.c:125: undefined reference to `png_set_packing' /home/gmuhammad/Downloads/ming-0.4.2/util/png2dbl.c:107: undefined reference to `png_get_valid' /home/gmuhammad/Downloads/ming-0.4.2/util/png2dbl.c:117: undefined reference to `png_get_PLTE' /home/gmuhammad/Downloads/ming-0.4.2/util/png2dbl.c:78: undefined reference to `png_destroy_read_struct' /home/gmuhammad/Downloads/ming-0.4.2/util/png2dbl.c:92: undefined reference to `png_destroy_read_struct' /home/gmuhammad/Downloads/ming-0.4.2/util/png2dbl.c:86: undefined reference to `png_destroy_read_struct' png2dbl.o: In function `writeDBL': /home/gmuhammad/Downloads/ming-0.4.2/util/png2dbl.c:278: undefined reference to `floor' /home/gmuhammad/Downloads/ming-0.4.2/util/png2dbl.c:280: undefined reference to `compress2' /home/gmuhammad/Downloads/ming-0.4.2/util/png2dbl.c:278: undefined reference to `floor' /home/gmuhammad/Downloads/ming-0.4.2/util/png2dbl.c:280: undefined reference to `compress2' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make[1]: *** [png2dbl] Error 1 make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/gmuhammad/Downloads/ming-0.4.2/util' make: *** [install-recursive] Error 1

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• Reference Data Management

  - by rahulkamath

  Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} table.MsoTableColorfulListAccent2 {mso-style-name:"Colorful List - Accent 2"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:1; mso-tstyle-colband-size:1; mso-style-priority:72; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-tstyle-shading:#F8EDED; mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:accent2; mso-tstyle-shading-themetint:25; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:black; mso-themecolor:text1;} table.MsoTableColorfulListAccent2FirstRow {mso-style-name:"Colorful List - Accent 2"; mso-table-condition:first-row; mso-style-priority:72; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-tstyle-shading:#9E3A38; mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:accent2; mso-tstyle-shading-themeshade:204; mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.5pt solid white; mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:background1; color:white; mso-themecolor:background1; mso-ansi-font-weight:bold; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;} table.MsoTableColorfulListAccent2LastRow {mso-style-name:"Colorful List - Accent 2"; mso-table-condition:last-row; mso-style-priority:72; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-tstyle-shading:white; mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:background1; mso-tstyle-border-top:1.5pt solid black; mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:text1; color:#9E3A38; mso-themecolor:accent2; mso-themeshade:204; mso-ansi-font-weight:bold; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;} table.MsoTableColorfulListAccent2FirstCol {mso-style-name:"Colorful List - Accent 2"; mso-table-condition:first-column; mso-style-priority:72; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-ansi-font-weight:bold; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;} table.MsoTableColorfulListAccent2LastCol {mso-style-name:"Colorful List - Accent 2"; mso-table-condition:last-column; mso-style-priority:72; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-ansi-font-weight:bold; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;} table.MsoTableColorfulListAccent2OddColumn {mso-style-name:"Colorful List - Accent 2"; mso-table-condition:odd-column; mso-style-priority:72; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-tstyle-shading:#EFD3D2; mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:accent2; mso-tstyle-shading-themetint:63; mso-tstyle-border-top:cell-none; mso-tstyle-border-left:cell-none; mso-tstyle-border-bottom:cell-none; mso-tstyle-border-right:cell-none; mso-tstyle-border-insideh:cell-none; mso-tstyle-border-insidev:cell-none;} table.MsoTableColorfulListAccent2OddRow {mso-style-name:"Colorful List - Accent 2"; mso-table-condition:odd-row; mso-style-priority:72; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-tstyle-shading:#F2DBDB; mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:accent2; mso-tstyle-shading-themetint:51;} Reference Data Management Oracle Data Relationship Management (DRM) has always been extremely powerful as an Enterprise MDM solution that can help manage changes to master data in a way that influences enterprise structure, whether it be mastering chart of accounts to enable financial transformation, or revamping organization structures to drive business transformation and operational efficiencies, or mastering sales territories in light of rapid fire acquisitions that require frequent sales territory refinement, equitable distribution of leads and accounts to salespersons, and alignment of budget/forecast with results to optimize sales coverage. Increasingly, DRM is also being utilized by Oracle customers for reference data management, an emerging solution space that deserves some explanation. What is reference data? Reference data is a close cousin of master data. While master data may be more rapidly changing, requires consensus building across stakeholders and lends structure to business transactions, reference data is simpler, more slowly changing, but has semantic content that is used to categorize or group other information assets – including master data – and give them contextual value. The following table contains an illustrative list of examples of reference data by type. Reference data types may include types and codes, business taxonomies, complex relationships & cross-domain mappings or standards. Types & Codes Taxonomies Relationships / Mappings Standards Transaction Codes Industry Classification Categories and Codes, e.g., North America Industry Classification System (NAICS) Product / Segment; Product / Geo Calendars (e.g., Gregorian, Fiscal, Manufacturing, Retail, ISO8601) Lookup Tables (e.g., Gender, Marital Status, etc.) Product Categories City à State à Postal Codes Currency Codes (e.g., ISO) Status Codes Sales Territories (e.g., Geo, Industry Verticals, Named Accounts, Federal/State/Local/Defense) Customer / Market Segment; Business Unit / Channel Country Codes (e.g., ISO 3166, UN) Role Codes Market Segments Country Codes / Currency Codes / Financial Accounts Date/Time, Time Zones (e.g., ISO 8601) Domain Values Universal Standard Products and Services Classification (UNSPSC), eCl@ss International Classification of Diseases (ICD) e.g., ICD9 à IC10 mappings Tax Rates Why manage reference data? Reference data carries contextual value and meaning and therefore its use can drive business logic that helps execute a business process, create a desired application behavior or provide meaningful segmentation to analyze transaction data. Further, mapping reference data often requires human judgment. Sample Use Cases of Reference Data Management Healthcare: Diagnostic Codes The reference data challenges in the healthcare industry offer a case in point. Part of being HIPAA compliant requires medical practitioners to transition diagnosis codes from ICD-9 to ICD-10, a medical coding scheme used to classify diseases, signs and symptoms, causes, etc. The transition to ICD-10 has a significant impact on business processes, procedures, contracts, and IT systems. Since both code sets ICD-9 and ICD-10 offer diagnosis codes of very different levels of granularity, human judgment is required to map ICD-9 codes to ICD-10. The process requires collaboration and consensus building among stakeholders much in the same way as does master data management. Moreover, to build reports to understand utilization, frequency and quality of diagnoses, medical practitioners may need to “cross-walk” mappings -- either forward to ICD-10 or backwards to ICD-9 depending upon the reporting time horizon. Spend Management: Product, Service & Supplier Codes Similarly, as an enterprise looks to rationalize suppliers and leverage their spend, conforming supplier codes, as well as product and service codes requires supporting multiple classification schemes that may include industry standards (e.g., UNSPSC, eCl@ss) or enterprise taxonomies. Aberdeen Group estimates that 90% of companies rely on spreadsheets and manual reviews to aggregate, classify and analyze spend data, and that data management activities account for 12-15% of the sourcing cycle and consume 30-50% of a commodity manager’s time. Creating a common map across the extended enterprise to rationalize codes across procurement, accounts payable, general ledger, credit card, procurement card (P-card) as well as ACH and bank systems can cut sourcing costs, improve compliance, lower inventory stock, and free up talent to focus on value added tasks. Specialty Finance: Point of Sales Transaction Codes and Product Codes In the specialty finance industry, enterprises are confronted with usury laws – governed at the state and local level – that regulate financial product innovation as it relates to consumer loans, check cashing and pawn lending. To comply, it is important to demonstrate that transactions booked at the point of sale are posted against valid product codes that were on offer at the time of booking the sale. Since new products are being released at a steady stream, it is important to ensure timely and accurate mapping of point-of-sale transaction codes with the appropriate product and GL codes to comply with the changing regulations. Multi-National Companies: Industry Classification Schemes As companies grow and expand across geographies, a typical challenge they encounter with reference data represents reconciling various versions of industry classification schemes in use across nations. While the United States, Mexico and Canada conform to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) standard, European Union countries choose different variants of the NACE industry classification scheme. Multi-national companies must manage the individual national NACE schemes and reconcile the differences across countries. Enterprises must invest in a reference data change management application to address the challenge of distributing reference data changes to downstream applications and assess which applications were impacted by a given change.

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• "are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?" but the namespace and reference are correct

  - by Filip

  Hi, I've got the following error when builing my project. The type or namespace name 'OvuMenu' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) But I have put a using in my code and a reference to the dll. It is a WPF application that exists of 3 projects. I checked the references, even intellisense works when I put the using directive in the page. thanks, Filip

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• PHP mysqli wrapper: passing by reference with __call() and call_user_func_array()

  - by Dave

  Hi everyone. I'm a long running fan of stackoverflow, first time poster. I'd love to see if someone can help me with this. Let me dig in with a little code, then I'll explain my problem. I have the following wrapper classes: class mysqli_wrapper { private static $mysqli_obj; function __construct() // Recycles the mysqli object { if (!isset(self::$mysqli_obj)) { self::$mysqli_obj = new mysqli(MYSQL_SERVER, MYSQL_USER, MYSQL_PASS, MYSQL_DBNAME); } } function __call($method, $args) { return call_user_func_array(array(self::$mysqli_obj, $method), $args); } function __get($para) { return self::$mysqli_obj->$para; } function prepare($query) // Overloaded, returns statement wrapper { return new mysqli_stmt_wrapper(self::$mysqli_obj, $query); } } class mysqli_stmt_wrapper { private $stmt_obj; function __construct($link, $query) { $this->stmt_obj = mysqli_prepare($link, $query); } function __call($method, $args) { return call_user_func_array(array($this->stmt_obj, $method), $args); } function __get($para) { return $this->stmt_obj->$para; } // Other methods will be added here } My problem is that when I call bind_result() on the mysqli_stmt_wrapper class, my variables don't seem to be passed by reference and nothing gets returned. To illustrate, if I run this section of code, I only get NULL's: $mysqli = new mysqli_wrapper; $stmt = $mysqli->prepare("SELECT cfg_key, cfg_value FROM config"); $stmt->execute(); $stmt->bind_result($cfg_key, $cfg_value); while ($stmt->fetch()) { var_dump($cfg_key); var_dump($cfg_value); } $stmt->close(); I also get a nice error from PHP which tells me: PHP Warning: Parameter 1 to mysqli_stmt::bind_result() expected to be a reference, value given in test.php on line 48 I've tried to overload the bind_param() function, but I can't figure out how to get a variable number of arguments by reference. func_get_args() doesn't seem to be able to help either. If I pass the variables by reference as in $stmt->bind_result(&$cfg_key, &$cfg_value) it should work, but this is deprecated behaviour and throws more errors. Does anyone have some ideas around this? Thanks so much for your time.

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• After passing a reference to an method, any mods using that reference are not visible outside the me

  - by Jason

  I am passing the reference of name to *mod_name*, I modify the referenced object from within the method but the change is not visible outside of the method, if I am referring to the same object from all locations how come the value is different depending on where I reference it? name = "Jason" puts name.object_id #19827274 def mod_name(name) puts name.object_id #19827274 name = "JasonB" end puts name.object_id #19827274 puts name #Jason String might be a bad example, but I get the same result even if I use a Fixnum.

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• GAC Assembly Missing in Add Reference dialog

  - by Frederick

  I have an Interop assembly lying in GAC; Windows Explorer clearly shows it listed in the C:\WINDOWS\assembly folder. Yet, when I try to add a reference to it in from Visual Studio, I can't see it anywhere in the Add Reference dialog. If this is happened to you too, what is the reason for this? And how do I fix this? (The assembly is actually located in C:\WINDOWS\assembly\GAC_MSIL folder, if you must know.)

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• How to access API reference from Xcode ?

  - by CodeFlakes

  I'm tired of switching between xcode and the browser to check iPhone API reference from Apple web site. Any better way to to it directly from XCode ? Ideally I'd like to select a word and search for it in the APi reference automatically.

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• Where is the api reference for nhibernate?

  - by Simon

  I may be going mental, but I can not find any api reference material for nhibernate. I've found plenty of manuals, tutorials, ebooks etc but no api reference. I saw the chm file on the nhibernate sourceforge page, but it doesn't seem to work on any of my PCs (different OSes) Can someone please point me in the right direction?

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• variables reference value of string

  - by xdevel2000

  How can I get the reference value of a string object? If I hava a class like class T() { } T t = new T(); System.out.println( t); print out T@a3455467 that is the reference value inside t but for string? maybe with method hashCode()??

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• Adding web reference is not generating the expected reference.cs file. Absent functions.

  - by user48408

  I'm working with an old windows app in visual studio 2005. A webserviced referenced in the original app has 2 functions and when i peak inside the auto-generated reference.cs file I notice a couple of other functions to allow async calls have been geenrated i.e. BeginWhateverFunctionNameIsCalled and EndWhateverFunctionNameIsCalled. My problem is that I've created a new windows app and added the same web references but the Begin and End functions are not generated in my reference.cs proxy class. Anyone know whats going on?

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• C++: get const or non-const reference type from trait

  - by maciekp

  I am writing a functor F which takes function of type void (*func)(T) and func's argument arg. Then functor F calls func with arg. I would like F not to copy arg, just to pass it as reference. But then I cannot simply write "void F(void (*func)(T), T&)" because T could be a reference. So I am trying to write a trait, which allows to get proper reference type of T: T -> T& T& -> T& const T -> const T& const T& -> const T& I come up with something like this: template<typename T> struct type_op { typedef T& valid_ref_type; }; template<typename T> struct type_op<T&> { typedef typename type_op<T>::valid_ref_type valid_ref_type; }; template<typename T> struct type_op<const T> { typedef const T& valid_ref_type; }; template<typename T> struct type_op<const T&> { typedef const T& valid_ref_type; }; Which doesn't work for example for void a(int x) { std::cout << x << std::endl; } F(&a, 7); Giving error: invalid initialization of non-const reference of type ‘int&’ from a temporary of type ‘int’ in passing argument 2 of ‘void f(void (*)(T), typename type_op::valid_ref_type) [with T = int]’ How to get this trait to work?

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• [Perl] Retrieve the reference

  - by Sebastian

  Hello, with the hash below, I would like the clients array's reference : my $this = { 'name' => $name, 'max_clients' => $max_clients, 'clients' => () }; I can't do "\$this{'clients'};" to retrieve the reference.

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• How to get Ponter/Reference semantics in Scala.

  - by Lukasz Lew

  In C++ I would just take a pointer (or reference) to arr[idx]. In Scala I find myself creating this class to emulate a pointer semantic. class SetTo (val arr : Array[Double], val idx : Int) { def apply (d : Double) { arr(idx) = d } } Isn't there a simpler way? Doesn't Array class have a method to return some kind of reference to a particular field?

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• special character in UNIX

  - by Happy Mittal

  I want to add backspace character literally in my file named junk. So I did following $ ed a my name is happy\b (here b means I typed backspace so \ gets disapperaed and cursor sits sfter y) . w junk q But when I do $ od -cb junk it doesn't show backspace.

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• Character Sets explained for Dummies!

  - by Imran

  I don't think i fully understand character sets so i was wondering if anyone would be kind enough to explain it in layman's terms with examples ( for Dummies).I know there is utf8, latin1, ascii ect The more answers the better really. Thank you in advance;-)

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• SVN 255 Character Problem

  - by Tom

  Hi Guys, I am using TortiseSVN and we have a problem when we exporting etc because subversion errors. The path has a character limit 255 - so I am not sure if this is the problem [I think it is in Win7 x-64 bit] How do I fix this ? i.e. allow paths for 255 characters ?

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• List of Character Encodings

  - by helpme

  Is There A Book or Site That Teaches And Also Includes A Complete List of Character Encoding's That Includes Hexadecimal, Decimal and Name Versions? If you can name a couple of books and sites, that would be very helpful thank you.

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