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  • Server Fault Wiki: How does Subnetting Work?

    - by Kyle Brandt
    How does Subnetting Work, and How do you do it by hand or in your head? Can someone explain both conceptually and with several examples? Server Fault gets lots of subnetting homework questions, so we could use an answer to point them to on Server Fault itself. If I have a network, how do I figure out how to split it up? If I am given a netmask, how do I know what the network Range is for it? Sometimes there is a slash followed by a number, what is that number? Sometimes there is a subnet mask, but also a wildcard mask, they seem like the same thing but they are different? Someone mentioned something about knowing binary for this? Not looking for links to other sites (unless maybe you have one post with a bunch of good ones). I already know how to subnet, I just thought it would be nice if Server Fault had a generic subnetting answer.

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  • Confusion about HSRP Groups

    - by Kyle Brandt
    If I have a router that has several LANs on it, and each of these LAN is attached to a second router, do I need to use different HSRP groups for each LAN? With this set up, each virtual gateway will be on a Layer 2 segment. And within a router, no interface will have multiple gateways. So, For example: Router 1: F0/0: ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 standby ip 192.168.1.1 F2/0: ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0 standby ip 192.168.2.1 Router 2: F0/0: ip address 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0 standby ip 192.168.1.1 F2/0: ip address 192.168.2.3 255.255.255.0 standby ip 192.168.2.1 Will this work, or do I need standby 1 ip 192.168.2.1 on the F2/0 interfaces? Since according to the RFC, the group number of the packet is in the HSRP multicast packets, my guess is that I don't need different groups, and that multiple groups are only needed when they are all on the same Layer 2 segment. However, I haven't been able to find this setup....

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  • Experience with HAVP

    - by Kyle Brandt
    I have employees that have to search sketchy virus-ridden websites as part of their job. They all have XP and Symantec AV installed but they still get hit fairly often. Rather then trying all sorts of desktop level solutions, I was thinking about maybe some sort of Proxy in addition to symantec for when they browse these sites? Anyone have experience with HAVP? Am I going about this the wrong way? If this is the right way, and free alternatives to HAVP?

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  • Cisco QoS Guidance

    - by Kyle Brandt
    I have a 10M connection to the internet that is hooked into a 100M port. I am getting started with QoS, and am hopping for a little guidance on setting it up on a Cisco 3825 router. Right now I am going forward with the idea that I have to implement it on my router, and the provider can't provide QoS for me. How I envision it working is that the QoS will drop or queue packets on my router and that will help prevent a situation where the provider has to start dropping a lot of packets. Right now all I am tasked with is making sure that one of the 3 LANs gets a certain slice (say 3M for Gig Lan1) of the 10M internet connection (But ideally this will be more flexible in the Future). 10M Internet on 100M port on HWIC-4ESW +-----------------------+ | | Gig Lan1 | Cisco 3825 | Lan3 on HWIC-4ESW | | +-----------------------+ Gig Lan2 I need to learn more about QoS, but having a target technology and maybe example configuration will help me wrap my head around the reading I am doing a little more. Which Cisco QoS Technology do you recommend for this particular situation? Have a basic sample config of how this might work? Right now the 10M line is not congested, so this more to have something in place in case it starts to become mildly congested in the future. I do have VOIP at one location connected to this one over the Internet that goes through a VPN tunnel. Everything else that is between this location and other offices is on a separate MPLS network.

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  • Shaping outbound Traffic to Control Download Speeds with Linux

    - by Kyle Brandt
    I have a situation where a server makes lots of requests from big webservers all at the same time. Currently, I have not control over the amount of requests or the rate of the requests from the application that does this. The responses from these webservers is more than the internet line can handle. (Basically, we are launching a DoS on ourselves). I am going to get push to get this fixed at the application level, but for the time being, is there anyway I can use traffic shaping on the Linux server to control this? I know I can only shape outbound traffic, but maybe there is a way I can slow the TCP responses so the other side will detect congestion and this will help my situation? If there is anything like this with tc, what might the configuration look like? The idea is that the traffic control might help me control which packets get dropped before they reach my router.

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  • Multiple Set Peer for VPN Failover

    - by Kyle Brandt
    I will have two Cisco routers at Location A serving the same internal networks, and one router in location B. Currently, I have one router in each location with a IPSec site-to-site tunnel connecting them. It looks something like: Location A: crypto map crypto-map-1 1 ipsec-isakmp description Tunnel to Location B set peer 12.12.12.12 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA match address internal-ips Location B: crypto map crypto-map-1 1 ipsec-isakmp description Tunnel to Location A set peer 11.11.11.11 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA match address internal-ips Can I achieve fail over by simply adding another set peer at location B?: Location A (New secondary Router, configuration on previous router stays the same): crypto map crypto-map-1 1 ipsec-isakmp description Tunnel to Location B set peer 12.12.12.12 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA match address internal-ips Location B (Configuration Changed): crypto map crypto-map-1 1 ipsec-isakmp description Tunnel to Location A set peer 11.11.11.11 ! 11.11.11.100 is the ip of the new second router at location A set peer 11.11.11.100 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA match address internal-ips Cisco Says: For crypto map entries created with the crypto map map-name seq-num ipsec-isakmp command, you can specify multiple peers by repeating this command. The peer that packets are actually sent to is determined by the last peer that the router heard from (received either traffic or a negotiation request from) for a given data flow. If the attempt fails with the first peer, Internet Key Exchange (IKE) tries the next peer on the crypto map list. But I don't fully understand that in the context of a failover scenerio (One of the routers as Location A blowing up).

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  • Memory Usage for Databases on Linux

    - by Kyle Brandt
    So with free output what we care about with application memory usage is generally the amount of free memory in the -/+ buffers/cache line. What about with database applications such as Oracle, is it important to have a good amount of cached and buffers available for a database to run well with all the IO? If that makes any sense, how do you figure out just how much?

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  • USB Ports on the NETGEAR ReadyNAS NV+ 4-Bay 4TB

    - by Kyle Brandt
    I have several external USB drives currently (1x500GB and 2x1TB). If I were to purchase the ReadNAS NV+ 4TB NAS, would I be able to: Possibly add even more USB drives to it with a HUB? Export NFS shares of the data on the USB drives keeping the current ext3 fs and data on the USB drives intact? Does anyone have any caveats with this system they feel I should know?

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  • Color Management, Linux, Photoshop C2 via Wine

    - by Kyle Brandt
    I am new to Color Management CMS, so doing it on Linux, and then throw Wine into the mix ... and I am a little lost. However, I have Photoshop CS2 running okay with Crossover Professional on Ubuntu 9.10. I have a Canon 450D (Rebel XSI) and I imagine I will be able to find a profile for my printer. I ordered a Huey Calibrator (yet to come). I guess I will run into problems with Nvidia Twinview, but one calibrated monitor is good enough for now. Am I going to be able to get color management from Camera -- Monitor -- Print? Most specifically, when I get the Monitor profile loaded with something like xcalib, will Photoshop CS2 run through wine (crossover Pro) understand that? Will I need to select specific things / profiles in photoshop under the edit::Color Settings menu? I found several pages on http://jcornuz.wordpress.com/ helpful, but am wondering about the Wine issue, and anything else anyone can do to help.

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  • GPO IE Favorites Adds Unwanted Folders

    - by Kyle Brandt
    I created a AD 2003 GPO to add a couple of the company's links to everyone's IE. I have the following: Checked: Place Favorites and Links at the Top of the List... Unchecked: Everything else Then: Favorites |-Company Link One |-Company Link Two Links However, the GPO seems to add Favorites Bar, Microsoft Websites, MSN Websites, and Windows Live folders. If they are deleted it seems to make them come back. Anyone know how to fix this?

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  • What is this Cable for? 4 Pin to 2 Pin from Riser to Perc in Dell R410

    - by Kyle Brandt
    I got a new raid card for a R410 server since the S300 that came with it doesn't support raid with Linux (No work around for this if SAS from what I could find). Anyways, the RAID card has 2 pins on it and there is a cable that that connects to a 4 pin connection on the riser. The cable only has two wires, one black and one red. What is this cable for? My guess would be maybe LED status for the front panel or something like that, but I am just guessing....

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  • Find out ESXi host from VM? [duplicate]

    - by Kyle Brandt
    This question already has an answer here: Determining the name of the VMware host of a VM guest - from the guest 3 answers I have a monitor that is running on all guests, Windows and Linux. I'd like to send back the Parent host of the guest with this monitor, How can I found out the VM host from within a ESXi VM? Ideally I'm looking for a universal way to do this from both Windows and Linux, but if they are separate paths that okay. Using something from VMWare tools would be fine, but I'm not currently using anything running the vSphere API.

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  • Public folder not visible from front end Exchange 2003 Server

    - by Kyle Brandt
    I have a public folder that does not receive emails when the emails are sent via the Front-End Exchange Servers. When I go into the System Manager on the Front-End I don't see this particular public folder listed under the Public Folders. However, I do see it listed from the Front-End server. I see the emails that are not making it to the public folder listed in the local delivery queue on the front end server and they are in a retry state. Does anyone know how I might troubleshoot this?

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  • Wireless to Wireless Transfer Slow on a Linksys WRT54GL

    - by Kyle Brandt
    The Situation: When I try to transfer a file from one computer to another that are both connected via wireless on a WRT54GL (in a office) with dd-wrt firmware I often get bad speeds. In generally they average around 100 kilobytes a second. Either computer can download via wireless from the Internet at at about 2 megabytes a second. The speed is slow with the transfer of one large file. There are about 20 other wireless networks that the computers can see, so there is a lot of noise, but I don't have the equipment to really monitor the frequencies well. But that still seems pretty slow. I thought maybe it was the transmit on each card, but even when they are 5 feet away with a line of sight I still get these speeds. According to Linux both cards are operating at 54g. My Questions: Is this normal for this sort of consumer level wireless equipment? Anything I can do to improve it? why is wireless to wireless transfer slow when everything else isn't? Whats steps might I take to figure out what is happening? For example, are lots of packets not making to the access point requiring retransmissions? Above all, I want to find out what the problem actually is. This may seem odd, but at this point I am more interested in understanding what the problem is than fixing it. What I have tried: I have tried messing with lots of settings. Different channels, xmit power, G-Only, none of which has made anything any better. I've also tried upgrading to newer dd-wrt firmware version and doing a reset to wipe out the settings.

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  • Pasting extended ACL contents into telnet session to Cisco Router SIM

    - by Kyle Brandt
    I have a telnet session to a dynamips router sim. When I try to paste the contents of an actually working ACL retrieved from 'show run' into the access list, only part of gets pasted. The session is something like: enable conf t ip access-list extended Internet <PASTE of Rules> It stops right in the middle of a line: permit tcp any host 123.123.123.123 gt 1 ! should be gt 1023 Anyone know what is happening? The source is an extended access list.

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  • *nix shell with IOS style completion?

    - by Kyle Brandt
    Is there a Linux shell that will let you type less than full commands as you can with Cisco IOS, at least for the first command (and not its arguments)? I haven't really thought enough if this is actually a good thing, but might be fun to play with :-)

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  • Datacenter Colocation Phone

    - by Kyle Brandt
    In my cage I don't get good enough phone reception. An phone that goes over the network also doesn't seem ideal for when I am working on the network. Do you people have traditional phones delivered to their cage? I'm wonder what my options are.

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  • Can't Mount Databases in the Recovery Storage Group in Exchange 2003

    - by Kyle Brandt
    After restoring some mail stores, mounting them in the recovery storage group errors out. So far a repair with eseutil (which the log says was successful) and a server reboot has been tried. A defrag is currently running on the mail store I need to go through this again to post the exact error codes, so I will be updating this question. But I thought someone who does this a lot might have a "More times than not..." answer in the meantime.

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  • TTL for PTR records on Windows 2003 Server DNS

    - by Kyle Brandt
    When I look at the TTL (Time to Live) for PTR records (Reverse Lookup Zone) on one of our Windows 2003 DNS servers I see some are at 15 minutes, others are at 20. They have "Delete this record when it becomes stale" checked. These PTR records are for workstations that get IPs from Windows DHCP, so I think that creates the PTR records dynamically? How is TTL for these records set?

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  • Sendmail Tuning For Batch Mail Jobs

    - by Kyle Brandt
    I have a webservers that send out emails to a sendmail relay server as a batch job. The emails need to be accepted by the relay sendmail server as fast as possible, however, they do not need to go out (be relayed) very quickly. I am seeing a couple timeouts once and a while from the webserver trying to connect to the relay server. The load currently is about 30 emails a second for a couple minutes. There are quite a few tuning options for sendmail in the sendmail tuning guide. What I am focusing on now is the Delivery Mode: Delivery Mode There are a number of delivery modes that sendmail can operate in, set by the DeliveryMode ( d) configuration option. These modes specify how quickly mail will be delivered. Legal modes are: i deliver interactively (synchronously) b deliver in background (asynchronously) q queue only (don't deliver) d defer delivery attempts (don't deliver) There are tradeoffs. Mode i gives the sender the quickest feedback, but may slow down some mailers and is hardly ever necessary. Mode b delivers promptly but can cause large numbers of processes if you have a mailer that takes a long time to deliver a message. Mode q minimizes the load on your machine, but means that delivery may be delayed for up to the queue interval. Mode d is identical to mode q except that it also prevents lookups in maps including the -D flag from working during the initial queue phase; it is intended for ``dial on demand'' sites where DNS lookups might cost real money. Some simple error messages (e.g., host unknown during the SMTP protocol) will be delayed using this mode. Mode b is the usual default. If you run in mode q (queue only), d (defer), or b (deliver in background) sendmail will not expand aliases and follow .forward files upon initial receipt of the mail. This speeds up the response to RCPT commands. Mode i should not be used by the SMTP server. I currently have the CentOS default modes: Sendmail.cf: DeliveryMode=background Submit.cf: DeliveryMode=i Is sendmail.cf/mc for outgoing email from relay (to the intertubes) and sumbit.cf/mc for incoming eamil (from my webservers). Would it make sense to change the outgoing delivery mode to queue? If I did, what would the outbound email flow behave like? If this is the right thing to do, can anyone show me example mc configurations for this change? If it isn't, what recommendations are there for these constraints?

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  • Windows 2008 R2 Servers Sending Arp Requests for IPs outside Subnet

    - by Kyle Brandt
    By running a packet capture on my my routers I see some of my servers sending ARP requests for IPs that exist outside of its network. For example if my network is: Network: 8.8.8.0/24 Gateway: 8.8.8.1 (MAC: 00:21:9b:aa:aa:aa) Example Server: 8.8.8.20 (MAC: 00:21:9b:bb:bb:bb) By running a capture on the interface that has 8.8.8.1 I see requests like: Sender Mac: 00:21:9b:bb:bb:bb Sender IP: 8.8.8.20 Target MAC: 00:21:9b:aa:aa:aa Target IP: 69.63.181.58 Anyone seen this behavior before? My understanding of ARP is that requests should only go out for IPs within the subnet... Am I confused in my understanding of ARP? If I am not confused, anyone seen this behavior? Also, these seem to happen in bursts and it doesn't happen when I do something like ping an IP outside of the network. Update: In response to Ian's questions. I am not running anything like Hyper-V. I have multiple interfaces but only one is active (Using BACS failover teaming). The subnet mask is 255.255.255.0 (Even if it were something different it wouldn't explain an IP like 69.63.181.58). When I run MS Network Monitor or wireshark I do not see these ARP requests. What happens is that on the router capturing I see a burst of about 10 requests for IPs outside of the network from the host machine. On the machine itself using wireshark or NetMon I see a flood of ARP responses for all the machines on the network. However, I don't see any requests in the capture asking for those responses. So it seems like maybe it is maybe refreshing the arp cache but including IPs that outside of the network. Also when it does this NetMon doesn't show the ARP requests?

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  • Remove Audio stream from XVID files

    - by Kyle Brandt
    I have a bunch of Xvid files that each have an audio stream that I do not want. How can I strip the audio track I don't want using the Linux command line? I don't need the whole script (loop), just what command I would use to process each avi file individually (unless the cmd itself has batch modification built into it). I don't believe the file is in an mkv container, as mkvinfo doesn't find anything. Here is part of mplayer's output (thanks ~quack): [aviheader] Video stream found, -vid 0 ID_AUDIO_ID=1 [aviheader] Audio stream found, -aid 1 ID_AUDIO_ID=2 [aviheader] Audio stream found, -aid 2 VIDEO: [XVID] 512x384 12bpp 25.000 fps 1013.4 kbps (123.7 kbyte/s)

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