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• What's the purpose of "import package"?

  - by codethief

  As I just found out import package does not make the package's modules available through package.module. The same obviously holds true for from package import subpackage as well as from package import * What's the purpose of importing a package at all then if I can't access its submodules but only the objects defined in __init__.py? It makes sense to me that from package import * would bloat the namespace, which, however, doesn't apply in case of the other two ways! I also understand that loading all submodules might take a long time. But I don't know what these unwanted side-effects, "that should only happen when the sub-module is explicitly imported", are which the author of the previous link mentions. To me it looks like doing an import package[.subpackage] (or from package import subpackage) makes absolutely no sense if I don't exactly want to access objects provided in __init__.py. Are those unwanted side effects really that serious that the language actually has to protect the programmer from causing them? Actually, I thought that Python was a little bit more about "If the programmer wants to do it, let him do it." In my case, I really do want to import all submodules with the single statement from package import subpackage, because I need all of them! Telling Python in the init.py file which submodules I'm exactly talking about (all of them!) is quite cumbersome from my point of view. Please enlighten me. :)

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• Django m2m form appearing fields

  - by dana

  I have a classroom application,and a follow relation. Users can follow each other and can create classrooms.When a user creates a classroom, he can invite only the people that are following him. The Classroom model is a m2m to User table. i have in models. py: class Classroom(models.Model): creator = models.ForeignKey(User) classname = models.CharField(max_length=140, unique = True) date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) open_class = models.BooleanField(default=True) members = models.ManyToManyField(User,related_name="list of invited members") and in models.py of the follow application: class Relations(models.Model): initiated_by = models.ForeignKey(User, editable=False) date_initiated = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, editable = False) follow = models.ForeignKey(User, editable = False, related_name = "follow") date_follow = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, editable = False) and in views.py of the classroom app: def save_classroom(request, username): if request.method == 'POST': u = User.objects.get(username=username) form = ClassroomForm(request.POST, request.FILES) if form.is_valid(): new_obj = form.save(commit=False) new_obj.creator = request.user r = Relations.objects.filter(initiated_by = request.user) # new_obj.members = new_obj.save() return HttpResponseRedirect('.') else: form = ClassroomForm() return render_to_response('classroom/classroom_form.html', { 'form': form, }, context_instance=RequestContext(request)) i'm using a ModelForm for the classroom form, and the default view, taking in consideration my many to many relation with User table, in the field Members, is a list of all Users in my database. But i only want in that list the users that are in a follow relationship with the logged in user - the one who creates the classroom. How can i do that? Thanks!

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• How can I use Django with MySQL in MAMP stack?

  - by Robert A Henru

  Hi all, I have difficulty especially in installing MySQLdb module (MySQL-python-1.2.3c1), to connect to the MySQL in MAMP stack. I've done a number of things such as copying the mysql include directory and library (including plugin) from a fresh installation of mysql (version 5.1.47) to the one inside MAMP (version 5.1.37). Now, the MySQLdb module build and install doesnt give me error. The error happens when I'm calling 'import MySQLdb' from python shell (version 2.6). Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/MySQLdb/__init__.py", line 19, in <module> File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/_mysql.py", line 7, in <module> File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/_mysql.py", line 6, in __bootstrap__ ImportError: dlopen(/Users/rhenru/.python-eggs/MySQL_python-1.2.3c1-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg-tmp/_mysql.so, 2): Symbol not found: _mysql_affected_rows Referenced from: /Users/rhenru/.python-eggs/MySQL_python-1.2.3c1-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg-tmp/_mysql.so Expected in: flat namespace in /Users/rhenru/.python-eggs/MySQL_python-1.2.3c1-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg-tmp/_mysql.so Any idea, what else do I need to do to make it works? Thanks a bunch, Robert

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• Python: Best way to check for Python version in program that uses new language features?

  - by Mark Harrison

  If I have a python script that requires at least a particular version of python, what is the correct way to fail gracefully when an earlier version of python is used to launch the script? How do I get control early enough to issue an error message and exit? For example, I have a program that uses the ternery operator (new in 2.5) and "with" blocks (new in 2.6). I wrote a simple little interpreter-version checker routine which is the first thing the script would call ... except it doesn't get that far. Instead, the script fails during python compilation, before my routines are even called. Thus the user of the script sees some very obscure synax error tracebacks - which pretty much require an expert to deduce that it is simply the case of running the wrong version of python. update I know how to check the version of python. The issue is that some syntax is illegal in older versions of python. Consider this program: import sys if sys.version_info < (2, 4): raise "must use python 2.5 or greater" else: # syntax error in 2.4, ok in 2.5 x = 1 if True else 2 print x When run under 2.4, I want this result $ ~/bin/python2.4 tern.py must use python2.5 or greater and not this result: $ ~/bin/python2.4 tern.py File "tern.py", line 5 x = 1 if True else 2 ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax (channeling for a coworker)

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• Best way to organize filetype settings in .vim and .vimrc?

  - by dimatura

  I'm going through my vim dotfiles to tidy them up. I've noticed that through time I've added various filetype specific settings in various inconsistent ways. Let's suppose I'm customizing for Python: au BufRead,BufNewfFile *.py (do something). I don't like this because some Python files might not have the .py termination. au FileType python (do something). This seems a better option because it doesn't depend on the file having the .py termination. The drawback is that Vim doesn't know about some filetypes. I can make Vim recognize additional filetypes, but I also have various inconsistent ways of doing it: a .vim/filetype.vim file, another in .vim/after/filetype.vim and various set filetype commands in .vimrc. Add a .vim/ftplugin/python.vim file with filetype specific settings. I understand the $VIMRUNTIME/ftplugin/python.vim can override whatever settings I make here. One problem is that I'm not sure how this interacts with .vim/filetype.vim and .vim/after/filetype.vim. Add a .vim/after/ftplugin/python.vim. I understand that this is loaded after $VIMRUNTIME/ftplugin/python.vim so it can overwrite settings from there. As in the previous method I'm not sure how it interacts with the filetype.vim files. So I have at least four ways of doing this, not mentioning syntax files and filetype-specific plugins. It seems to me the best way to do this is to put my filetype specific settings in after/ftplugin so they don't get overwritten, and filetypes.vim in after for the same reason. However, before I proceed I'd like to ask if anyone has suggestions about the best way to deal with filetype specific settings.

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• django hidden field error

  - by dana

  hi, there, i'm building a message system for a virtual community, but i can't take the userprofile id i have in views.py def save_message(request): if request.method == 'POST': form = MessageForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): new_obj = form.save(commit=False) new_obj.sender = request.user u = UserProfile.objects.get(request.POST['userprofile_id']) new_obj.owner = u new_obj.save() return HttpResponseRedirect('.') else: form = MessageForm() return render_to_response('messages/messages.html', { 'form': form, }, context_instance=RequestContext(request)) and the template: {% block primary %} <form action="." method="post"> {{ form.as_p }} <p><input type="hidden" value="{{ userprofile.id }}" name = "owner" /></p> <p><input type="submit" value="Send Message!" /></p> </form> {% endblock %} forms.py: class MessageForm(ModelForm): class Meta: model = Messages fields = ['message'] models.py: class Messages(models.Model): message = models.CharField(max_length = 300) read = models.BooleanField(default=False) owner = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile) sender = models.ForeignKey(User) I don't figure out why i get this error,since i'm just trying to get the profileId of a user, using a hiddeen field. the error is: Key 'UserProfile_id' not found in <QueryDict: {u'owner': [u''], u'message': [u'fdghjkl']}> and i'm getting it after i fill out the message text field. Thanks!

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• Sphinx - Python modules, classes and functions documentation

  - by user343934

  Hi everyone, I am trying to document my small project through sphinx which im recently trying to get familiar with. I read some tutorials and sphinx documentation but couldn't make it. Setup and configurations are ok! just have problems in using sphinx in a technical way. My table of content should look like this --- Overview .....Contents ----Configuration ....Contents ---- System Requirements .....Contents ---- How to use .....Contents ---- Modules ..... Index ......Display ----Help ......Content Moreover my focus is on Modules with docstrings. Details of Modules are Directory:- c:/wamp/www/project/ ----- Index.py >> Class HtmlTemplate: .... def header(): .... def body(): .... def form(): .... def header(): .... __init_main: ##inline function ----- display.py >> Class MainDisplay: .... def execute(): .... def display(): .... def tree(): .... __init_main: ##inline function My Documentation Directory:- c:/users/abc/Desktop/Documentation/doc/ --- _build --- _static --- _templates --- conf.py --- index.rst I have added Modules directory to the system environment and edited index.rst with following codes just to test Table of content. But i couldn't extract docstring directly Index.rst T-Alignment Documentation The documentation covers general overview of the application covering functionalities and requirements in details. To know how to use application its better to go through the documentation. .. _overview: Overview .. _System Requirement: System Requirement Seq-alignment tools can be used in varied systems base on whether all intermediary applications are available or not like in Windows, Mac, Linux and UNIX. But, it has been tested on the Windows working under a beta version. System Applications Server .. _Configuration:: Configuration Basic steps in configuration involves in following categories Environment variables Apache setting .. _Modules:: Modules How can i continue from here... Moreover, i am just a beginner to sphinx documentation tool I need your suggestions to brings my modules docstring to my documentation page Thanks

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• Apps with lable XYZ could not be found

  - by HWM-Rocker

  Hello folks, today I ran into an error and have no clue how to fix it. Error: App with label XYZ could not be found. Are you sure your INSTALLED_APPS setting is correct? Where XYZ stands for the app-name that I am trying to reset. This error shows up every time I try to reset it (manage.py reset XYZ). Show all the sql code works. Even manage.py validate shows no error. I already commented out every single line of code in the models.py that I touched the last three monts. (function by function, model by model) And even if there are no models left I get this error. Here http://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/10706 I found a bugreport about this error. I also applied one the patches to allocate the error, it raises an exception so you have a trace back, but even there is no sign in what of my files the error occurred. I don't want to paste my code right now, because it is nearly 1000 lines of code in the file I edited the most. If someone of you had the same error please tell me were I can look for the problem. In that case I can post the important part of the source. Otherwise it would be too much at once. Thank you for helping!!!

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• Execute a BASH command in Python-- in the same process

  - by Baldur

  I need to execute the command . /home/db2v95/sqllib/db2profile before I can import ibm_db_dbi in Python 2.6. Executing it before I enter Python works: baldurb@gigur:~$ . /home/db2v95/sqllib/db2profile baldurb@gigur:~$ python Python 2.6.4 (r264:75706, Dec 7 2009, 18:45:15) [GCC 4.4.1] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import ibm_db_dbi >>> but executing it in Python using os.system(". /home/db2v95/sqllib/db2profile") or subprocess.Popen([". /home/db2v95/sqllib/db2profile"]) results in an error. What am I doing wrong? Edit: this is the error I receive: > Traceback (most recent call last): > File "<file>.py", line 8, in > <module> > subprocess.Popen([". /home/db2v95/sqllib/db2profile"]) > File > "/usr/lib/python2.6/subprocess.py", > line 621, in __init__ > errread, errwrite) File "/usr/lib/python2.6/subprocess.py", > line 1126, in _execute_child > raise child_exception OSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory

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• Managing logs/warnings in Python extensions

  - by Dimitri Tcaciuc

  TL;DR version: What do you use for configurable (and preferably captured) logging inside your C++ bits in a Python project? Details follow. Say you have a a few compiled .so modules that may need to do some error checking and warn user of (partially) incorrect data. Currently I'm having a pretty simplistic setup where I'm using logging framework from Python code and log4cxx library from C/C++. log4cxx log level is defined in a file (log4cxx.properties) and is currently fixed and I'm thinking how to make it more flexible. Couple of choices that I see: One way to control it would be to have a module-wide configuration call. # foo/__init__.py import sys from _foo import import bar, baz, configure_log configure_log(sys.stdout, WARNING) # tests/test_foo.py def test_foo(): # Maybe a custom context to change the logfile for # the module and restore it at the end. with CaptureLog(foo) as log: assert foo.bar() == 5 assert log.read() == "124.24 - foo - INFO - Bar returning 5" Have every compiled function that does logging accept optional log parameters. # foo.c int bar(PyObject* x, PyObject* logfile, PyObject* loglevel) { LoggerPtr logger = default_logger("foo"); if (logfile != Py_None) logger = file_logger(logfile, loglevel); ... } # tests/test_foo.py def test_foo(): with TemporaryFile() as logfile: assert foo.bar(logfile=logfile, loglevel=DEBUG) == 5 assert logfile.read() == "124.24 - foo - INFO - Bar returning 5" Some other way? Second one seems to be somewhat cleaner, but it requires function signature alteration (or using kwargs and parsing them). First one is.. probably somewhat awkward but sets up entire module in one go and removes logic from each individual function. What are your thoughts on this? I'm all ears to alternative solutions as well. Thanks,

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• Python: circular imports needed for type checking

  - by phild

  First of all: I do know that there are already many questions and answers to the topic of the circular imports. The answer is more or less: "Design your Module/Class structure properly and you will not need circular imports". That is true. I tried very hard to make a proper design for my current project, I in my opinion I was successful with this. But my specific problem is the following: I need a type check in a module that is already imported by the module containing the class to check against. But this throws an import error. Like so: foo.py: from bar import Bar class Foo(object): def __init__(self): self.__bar = Bar(self) bar.py: from foo import Foo class Bar(object): def __init__(self, arg_instance_of_foo): if not isinstance(arg_instance_of_foo, Foo): raise TypeError() Solution 1: If I modified it to check the type by a string comparison, it will work. But I dont really like this solution (string comparsion is rather expensive for a simple type check, and could get a problem when it comes to refactoring). bar_modified.py: from foo import Foo class Bar(object): def __init__(self, arg_instance_of_foo): if not arg_instance_of_foo.__class__.__name__ == "Foo": raise TypeError() Solution 2: I could also pack the two classes into one module. But my project has lots of different classes like the "Bar" example, and I want to seperate them into different module files. After my own 2 solutions are no option for me: Has anyone a nicer solution for this problem?

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• general learning methodology

  - by momo

  just wanted to hear on the different general learning paths people embark on when learning a new language/framework. the one i currently use, which is how i learned bash and am currently learning python, is: instant hacking tutorial (very short tutorial introducing the basic syntax, variable declaration, loops, data types, etc. and how they are generally used) in depth tutorial with good programming style and slightly topic-specific (e.g. Mark Pilgrim's Dive into Python), important topics for me personally are regex methods, file IO, and ways the different data types are utilized best (i wrote a very primitive bayesian spam filter using python's dictionaries to keep track of word occurrences) spaced-repition of syntax or short recipes (i use anki, with questions like 'create dictionary with filename and filesize metadata, human-readable' or simpler ones like 'match 0 - 3 occurences of the letter M in a string', or 'return/create an iterator from two sequences') the use of spaced-repitition has been invaluable, and i credit it with the ease that i can recall/create python algorithms. however, i've recently started looking into django, and i've found that spaced-repitition, at least in my case, doesn't work very well for learning a framework, it works best with short code recipes (either that or i should start looking into more basic django framework tutorials). the problem i'm encountering is that since framework programming is not only algorithms, but actually learning the API, which can be quite complex since you have to learn all the methods, modules, the places where they are stored, and the sequence of which things have to be done. for ex. in django to start a project that deals with polls (from the django tutorial), one has to create the project, edit the settings.py file, create the polls app, edit the models.py file (which requires knowing the classes that are present in the module models), edit the urls.py file, etc. i found that my spaced-repition method didn't work very well for this type of learning, so i wanted to ask you guys what method(s) you use for learning the different frameworks/APIs.

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• PySide Qt script doesn't launch from Spyder but works from shell

  - by Maxim Zaslavsky

  I have a weird bug in my project that uses PySide for its Qt GUI, and in response I'm trying to test with simpler code that sets up the environment. Here is the code I am testing with: http://stackoverflow.com/a/6906552/130164 When I launch that from my shell (python test.py), it works perfectly. However, when I run that script in Spyder, I get the following error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/test/Desktop/test/test.py", line 31, in <module> app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) RuntimeError: A QApplication instance already exists. If it helps, I also get the following warning: /usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/matplotlib/__init__.py:835: UserWarning: This call to matplotlib.use() has no effect because the the backend has already been chosen; matplotlib.use() must be called *before* pylab, matplotlib.pyplot, or matplotlib.backends is imported for the first time. Why does that code work when launched from my shell but not from Spyder? Update: Mata answered that the problem happens because Spyder uses Qt, which makes sense. For now, I've set up execution in Spyder using the "Execute in an external system terminal" option, which doesn't cause errors but doesn't allow debugging, either. Does Spyder have any built-in workarounds to this?

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• Trying to get django app to work with mod_wsgi on CentOS 5

  - by David

  I'm running CentOS 5, and am trying to get a django application working with mod_wsgi. I'm using .wsgi settings I got working on Ubuntu. Here is the error: [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] SystemError: dynamic module not initialized properly [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] mod_wsgi (pid=23630): Target WSGI script '/data/hosting/cubedev/apache/django.wsgi' cannot be loaded as Python module. [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] mod_wsgi (pid=23630): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/data/hosting/cubedev/apache/django.wsgi'. [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] Traceback (most recent call last): [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] File "/data/hosting/cubedev/apache/django.wsgi", line 8, in [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] import django.core.handlers.wsgi [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py", line 1, in [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] from threading import Lock [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/threading.py", line 13, in [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] from functools import wraps [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/functools.py", line 10, in [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] from _functools import partial, reduce [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] SystemError: dynamic module not initialized properly And here is my .wsgi file import os import sys os.environ['PYTHON_EGG_CACHE'] = '/tmp/django/' os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'cube.settings' sys.path.append('/data/hosting/cubedev') import django.core.handlers.wsgi application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()

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• Django: How to dynamically add tag field to third party apps without touching app's source code

  - by Chris Lawlor

  Scenario: large project with many third party apps. Want to add tagging to those apps without having to modify the apps' source. My first thought was to first specify a list of models in settings.py (like ['appname.modelname',], and call django-tagging's register function on each of them. The register function adds a TagField and a custom manager to the specified model. The problem with that approach is that the function needs to run BEFORE the DB schema is generated. I tried running the register function directly in settings.py, but I need django.db.models.get_model to get the actual model reference from only a string, and I can't seem to import that from settings.py - no matter what I try I get an ImportError. The tagging.register function imports OK however. So I changed tactics and wrote a custom management command in an otherwise empty app. The problem there is that the only signal which hooks into syncdb is post_syncdb which is useless to me since it fires after the DB schema has been generated. The only other approach I can think of at the moment is to generate and run a 'south' like database schema migration. This seems more like a hack than a solution. This seems like it should be a pretty common need, but I haven't been able to find a clean solution. So my question is: Is it possible to dynamically add fields to a model BEFORE the schema is generated, but more specifically, is it possible to add tagging to a third party model without editing it's source. To clarify, I know it is possible to create and store Tags without having a TagField on the model, but there is a major flaw in that approach in that it is difficult to simultaneously create and tag a new model.

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• Auto filling polymorphic table on save or on delete in django

  - by Mo J. Mughrabi

  Hi, Am working on an project in which I made an app "core" it will contain some of the reused models across my projects, most of those are polymorphic models (Generic content types) and will be linked to different models. Example below am trying to create audit model and will be linked to several models which may require auditing. This is the polls/models.py from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import User from core.models import * from django.contrib.contenttypes import generic class Poll(models.Model): ## TODO: Document question = models.CharField(max_length=300) question_slug=models.SlugField(editable=False) start_poll_at = models.DateTimeField(null=True) end_poll_at = models.DateTimeField(null=True) is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True) audit_obj=generic.GenericRelation(Audit) def __unicode__(self): return self.question class Choice(models.Model): ## TODO: Document choice = models.CharField(max_length=200) poll=models.ForeignKey(Poll) audit_obj=generic.GenericRelation(Audit) class Vote(models.Model): ## TODO: Document choice=models.ForeignKey(Choice) Ip_Address=models.IPAddressField(editable=False) vote_at=models.DateTimeField("Vote at", editable=False) here is the core/modes.py from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import User from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType from django.contrib.contenttypes import generic class Audit(models.Model): ## TODO: Document # Polymorphic model using generic relation through DJANGO content type created_at = models.DateTimeField("Created at", auto_now_add=True) created_by = models.ForeignKey(User, db_column="created_by", related_name="%(app_label)s_%(class)s_y+") updated_at = models.DateTimeField("Updated at", auto_now=True) updated_by = models.ForeignKey(User, db_column="updated_by", null=True, blank=True, related_name="%(app_label)s_%(class)s_y+") content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType) object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField(unique=True) content_object = generic.GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id') and here is polls/admin.py from django.core.context_processors import request from polls.models import Poll, Choice from core.models import * from django.contrib import admin class ChoiceInline(admin.StackedInline): model = Choice extra = 3 class PollAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): inlines = [ChoiceInline] admin.site.register(Poll, PollAdmin) Am quite new to django, what am trying to do here, insert a record in audit when a record is inserted in polls and then update that same record when a record is updated in polls.

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• Dynamically setting the queryset of a ModelMultipleChoiceField to a custom recordset

  - by Daniel Quinn

  I've seen all the howtos about how you can set a ModelMultipleChoiceField to use a custom queryset and I've tried them and they work. However, they all use the same paradigm: the queryset is just a filtered list of the same objects. In my case, I'm trying to get the admin to draw a multiselect form that instead of using usernames as the text portion of the , I'd like to use the name field from my account class. Here's a breakdown of what I've got: # models.py class Account(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=128,help_text="A display name that people understand") user = models.ForeignKey(User, unique=True) # Tied to the User class in settings.py class Organisation(models.Model): administrators = models.ManyToManyField(User) # admin.py from django.forms import ModelMultipleChoiceField from django.contrib.auth.models import User class OrganisationAdminForm(forms.ModelForm): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): from ethico.accounts.models import Account self.base_fields["administrators"] = ModelMultipleChoiceField( queryset=User.objects.all(), required=False ) super(OrganisationAdminForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) class Meta: model = Organisation This works, however, I want queryset above to draw a selectbox with the Account.name property and the User.id property. This didn't work: queryset=Account.objects.all().order_by("name").values_list("user","name") It failed with this error: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'pk' I figured that this would be easy, but it's turned into hours of dead-ends. Anyone care to shed some light?

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• wxPython: How to handle event binding and Show() properly.

  - by Gopal

  Hi all, I'm just starting out with wxPython and this is what I would like to do: a) Show a Frame (with Panel inside it) and a button on that panel. b) When I press the button, a dialog box pops up (where I can select from a choice). c) When I press ok on dialog box, the dialog box should disappear (destroyed), but the original Frame+Panel+button are still there. d) If I press that button again, the dialog box will reappear. My code is given below. Unfortunately, I get the reverse effect. That is, a) The Selection-Dialog box shows up first (i.e., without clicking on any button since the TopLevelframe+button is never shown). b) When I click ok on dialog box, then the frame with button appears. c) Clicking on button again has no effect (i.e., dialog box does not show up again). What am I doing wrong ? It seems that as soon as the frame is initialized (even before the .Show() is called), the dialog box is initialized and shown automatically. I am doing this using Eclipse+Pydev on WindowsXP with Python 2.6 ============File:MainFile.py=============== import wx import MyDialog #This is implemented in another file: MyDialog.py class TopLevelFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self,parent,id): wx.Frame.__init__(self,parent,id,"Test",size=(300,200)) panel=wx.Panel(self) button=wx.Button(panel, label='Show Dialog', pos=(130,20), size=(60,20)) # Bind EVENTS --> HANDLERS. button.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, MyDialog.start(self)) # Run the main loop to start program. if __name__=='__main__': app=wx.PySimpleApp() TopLevelFrame(parent=None, id=-1).Show() app.MainLoop() ============File:MyDialog.py=============== import wx def start(parent): inputbox = wx.SingleChoiceDialog(None,'Choose Fruit', 'Selection Title', ['apple','banana','orange','papaya']) if inputbox.ShowModal()==wx.ID_OK: answer = inputbox.GetStringSelection() inputbox.Destroy()

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• Python modules not updating after restarting the main module.

  - by Ian

  I've recently come back to a project having had to stop for about 6 months, and after reinstalling my operating system and coming back to it I'm having all kinds of crazy things happen. I made sure to install the same version(2.6) of python that I was using before. It started by giving me strange tkinter error that I hadn't had trouble with before, the program is relatively simple and the 2 or 3 bugs that were left when i quit, I had documented and weren't related to the interface. Things got even weirder when the same error would pop up even after I had removed the offending section of code. In fact, the traceback pointed to a line that didn't even exist in the module it was referencing, eg: line 262 when the module was only 200 lines long. After just starting a completely new file for the main module and copy/pasting it finally recognized that the offending code was gone and I stopped getting the error only to find that any updates to the code I made in another module didn't show up when I restarted the program through the shell. (I didn't forget to save.) After fiddling with this, of course, the old interface error came back, only in a different section of code that had been working previously. In fact, if I revert back to the files I had six months ago, the program works fine. As soon as I change anything in the main module, however, the interface bug comes back. Here's the original error: Exception in Tkinter callback Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Python26\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 1410, in __call__ return self.func(*args) File "C:\PyStuff\interface.py", line 202, in dispOne __main__.top.destroy() File "C:\Python26\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 1938, in destroy self.tk.call('destroy', self._w) TclError: can't invoke "destroy" command: application has been destroyed I'm guessing something else is going on here other than my own poor programming. Anyone have any ideas?

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• Python: Copying files with special characters in path

  - by erikderwikinger

  Hi is there any possibility in Python 2.5 to copy files having special chars (Japanese chars, cyrillic letters) in their path? shutil.copy cannot handle this. here is some example code: import copy, os,shutil,sys fname=os.getenv("USERPROFILE")+"\\Desktop\\testfile.txt" print fname print "type of fname: "+str(type(fname)) fname0 = unicode(fname,'mbcs') print fname0 print "type of fname0: "+str(type(fname0)) fname1 = unicodedata.normalize('NFKD', fname0).encode('cp1251','replace') print fname1 print "type of fname1: "+str(type(fname1)) fname2 = unicode(fname,'mbcs').encode(sys.stdout.encoding) print fname2 print "type of fname2: "+str(type(fname2)) shutil.copy(fname2,'C:\\') the output on a Russian Windows XP C:\Documents and Settings\+????????????\Desktop\testfile.txt type of fname: <type 'str'> C:\Documents and Settings\?????????????\Desktop\testfile.txt type of fname0: <type 'unicode'> C:\Documents and Settings\+????????????\Desktop\testfile.txt type of fname1: <type 'str'> C:\Documents and Settings\?????????????\Desktop\testfile.txt type of fname2: <type 'str'> Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Test\getuserdir.py", line 23, in <module> shutil.copy(fname2,'C:\\') File "C:\Python25\lib\shutil.py", line 80, in copy copyfile(src, dst) File "C:\Python25\lib\shutil.py", line 46, in copyfile fsrc = open(src, 'rb') IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'C:\\Documents and Settings\\\x80\ xa4\xac\xa8\xad\xa8\xe1\xe2\xe0\xa0\xe2\xae\xe0\\Desktop\\testfile.txt'

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• Retrieving models from form with ModelMultipleChoiceField

  - by colinjameswebb

  I am having difficulties with forms, specifically ModelMultipleChoiceField. I've pieced together this code from various examples, but it sadly doesn't work. I would like to be able to: Search for some Works on work_search.html Display the results of the search, with checkboxes next to each result Select the Works I want, via the checkboxes After pressing Add, display which works were selected. I believe everything is okay except the last part. The page simply displays "works" :( Here is the code - sorry about the length. Models.py class Work(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=200) artist = models.CharField(max_length=200) writers = models.CharField(max_length=200) def __unicode__(self): return self.title + ' - ' + self.artist forms.py class WorkSelectForm(forms.Form): def __init__(self, queryset, *args, **kwargs): super(WorkSelectForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.fields['works'] = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=queryset, widget=forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple()) views.py def work_search(request): query = request.GET.get('q', '') if query: qset = ( Q(title__icontains=query) | Q(artist__icontains=query) | Q(writers__icontains=query) ) results = Work.objects.filter(qset).distinct() form = WorkSelectForm(results) return render_to_response("work_search.html", {"form": form, "query": query }) else: results = [] return render_to_response("work_search.html", {"query": query }) def add_works(request): #if request.method == POST: form = WorkSelectForm(request.POST) #if form.isvalid(): items = form.fields['works'].queryset return render_to_response("add_works.html", {"items":items}) work_search.html {% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %} <h1>Search</h1> <form action="." method="GET"> <label for="q">Search: </label> <input type="text" name="q" value="{{ query|escape }}"> <input type="submit" value="Search"> </form> {% if query %} <h2>Results for "{{ query|escape }}":</h2> <form action="add_works" method="post"> <ul> {% if form %} {{ form.as_ul }} {% endif %} </ul> <input type="submit" value="Add"> </form> {% endif %} {% endblock %} add_works.html {% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %} {% if items %} {% for item in items %} {{ item }} {% endfor %} {% else %} <p>Nothing selected</p> {% endif %} {% endblock %}

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• python on apache - getting 404

  - by Kirby

  I edited this question after i found a solution... i need to understand why the solution worked instead of my method? This is likely to be a silly question. I tried searching other questions that are related... but to no avail. i am running Apache/2.2.11 (Ubuntu) DAV/2 SVN/1.5.4 PHP/5.2.6-3ubuntu4.5 with Suhosin-Patch mod_python/3.3.1 Python/2.6.2 i have a script called test.py #! /usr/bin/python print "Content-Type: text/html" # HTML is following print # blank line, end of headers print "hello world" running it as an executable works... /var/www$ ./test.py Content-Type: text/html hello world when i run http://localhost/test.py i get a 404 error. What am i missing? i used this resource to enable python parsing on apache. http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=91101 From that same thread... the following code worked.. why? #!/usr/bin/python import sys import time def index(req): # Following line causes error to be sent to browser # rather than to log file (great for debug!) sys.stderr = sys.stdout #print "Content-type: text/html\n" #print """ blah1 = """<html> <head><title>A page from Python</title></head> <body> <h4>This page is generated by a Python script!</h4> The current date and time is """ now = time.gmtime() displaytime = time.strftime("%A %d %B %Y, %X",now) #print displaytime, blah1 += displaytime #print """ blah1 += """ <hr> Well House Consultants demonstration </body> </html> """ return blah1

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• Specifying different initial values for fields in inherited models (django)

  - by Shawn Chin

  Question : What is the recommended way to specify an initial value for fields if one uses model inheritance and each child model needs to have different default values when rendering a ModelForm? Take for example the following models where CompileCommand and TestCommand both need different initial values when rendered as ModelForm. # ------ models.py class ShellCommand(models.Model): command = models.Charfield(_("command"), max_length=100) arguments = models.Charfield(_("arguments"), max_length=100) class CompileCommand(ShellCommand): # ... default command should be "make" class TestCommand(ShellCommand): # ... default: command = "make", arguments = "test" I am aware that one can used the initial={...} argument when instantiating the form, however I would rather store the initial values within the context of the model (or at least within the associated ModelForm). My current approach What I'm doing at the moment is storing an initial value dict within Meta, and checking for it in my views. # ----- forms.py class CompileCommandForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = CompileCommand initial_values = {"command":"make"} class TestCommandForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = TestCommand initial_values = {"command":"make", "arguments":"test"} # ------ in views FORM_LOOKUP = { "compile": CompileCommandFomr, "test": TestCommandForm } CmdForm = FORM_LOOKUP.get(command_type, None) # ... initial = getattr(CmdForm, "initial_values", {}) form = CmdForm(initial=initial) This feels too much like a hack. I am eager for a more generic / better way to achieve this. Suggestions appreciated. Other attempts I have toyed around with overriding the constructor for the submodels: class CompileCommand(ShellCommand): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): kwargs.setdefault('command', "make") super(CompileCommand, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) and this works when I try to create an object from the shell: >>> c = CompileCommand(name="xyz") >>> c.save() <CompileCommand: 123> >>> c.command 'make' However, this does not set the default value when the associated ModelForm is rendered, which unfortunately is what I'm trying to achieve. Update 2 (looks promising) I now have the following in forms.py which allow me to set Meta.default_initial_values without needing extra code in views. class ModelFormWithDefaults(forms.ModelForm): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): if hasattr(self.Meta, "default_initial_values"): kwargs.setdefault("initial", self.Meta.default_initial_values) super(ModelFormWithDefaults, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) class TestCommandForm(ModelFormWithDefaults): class Meta: model = TestCommand default_initial_values = {"command":"make", "arguments":"test"}

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• Django Model Formset Pre-Filled Value Problem

  - by user552377

  Hi, i'm trying to use model formsets with Django. When i load forms template, i see that it's filled-up with previous values. Is there a caching mechanism that i should stop, or what? Thanks for your help, here is my code: models.py class FooModel( models.Model ): a_field = models.FloatField() b_field = models.FloatField() def __unicode__( self ): return self.a_field forms.py from django.forms.models import modelformset_factory FooFormSet = modelformset_factory(FooModel) views.py def foo_func(request): if request.method == 'POST': formset = FooFormSet(request.POST, request.FILES, prefix='foo_prefix' ) if formset.is_valid(): formset.save() return HttpResponseRedirect( '/true/' ) else: return HttpResponseRedirect( '/false/' ) else: formset = FooFormSet(prefix='foo_prefix') variables = RequestContext( request , { 'formset':formset , } ) return render_to_response('footemplate.html' , variables ) template: <form method="post" action="."> {% csrf_token %} <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> <table id="FormsetTable" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> {% for form in formset.forms %} <tr> <td>{{ form.a_field }}</td> <td>{{ form.b_field }}</td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> {{ formset.management_form }} </form>

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• How to run perl script with a few arguments from php

  - by Cristalla

  My html webpage calls php script to upload files to the server from a local computer as follows. <form enctype="multipart/form-data" action="upload.php" method="POST"> <p><b><h3> <font color="#003366"> (1) Upload your reading text file. </font> </h3> </b> </p> <INPUT type="file" name="uploaded" size="50" > <br/> <input type="submit" name="files" value="upload"> </form> In order to process with an uploaded file, my php script calls shell script $output=system('/bin/sh connector_0.sh'); and my shell script is composed of a series of python/perl scripts. #!/bin/sh python main_senselearner_final_0.py senseLearner.pl -i Uploaded_Files/slinput_0.txt -o Uploaded_Files/presloutput_0 .txt -model modelNNCollocations -model modelJJCollocations -model modelVBColloc ations -pos python smutngslout_0.py python genhtml_0.py Now, the problem is the following: all python scripts in shell script worked fine through php. But perl script didn't work. When I run shell script by myself in my server, all four scripts in shell worked perfectly. However, when I run shell script from php, only perl script doesn't work. Would you please give me any tips to solve this problem? Many thanks!!!

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