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  • Python base classes share attributes?

    - by tad
    Code in test.py: class Base(object): def __init__(self, l=[]): self.l = l def add(self, num): self.l.append(num) def remove(self, num): self.l.remove(num) class Derived(Base): def __init__(self, l=[]): super(Derived, self).__init__(l) Python shell session: Python 2.6.5 (r265:79063, Apr 1 2010, 05:22:20) [GCC 4.4.3 20100316 (prerelease)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import test >>> a = test.Derived() >>> b = test.Derived() >>> a.l [] >>> b.l [] >>> a.add(1) >>> a.l [1] >>> b.l [1] >>> c = test.Derived() >>> c.l [1] I was expecting "C++-like" behavior, in which each derived object contains its own instance of the base class. Is this still the case? Why does each object appear to share the same list instance?

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  • Java loading user-specified classes at runtime

    - by user349043
    I'm working on robot simulation in Java (a Swing application). I have an abstract class "Robot" from which different types of Robots are derived, e.g. public class StupidRobot extends Robot { int m_stupidness; int m_insanityLevel; ... } public class AngryRobot extends Robot { float m_aggression; ... } As you can see, each Robot subclass has a different set of parameters. What I would like to do is control the simulation setup in the initial UI. Choose the number and type of Robots, give it a name, fill in the parameters etc. This is one of those times where being such a dinosaur programmer, and new to Java, I wonder if there is some higher level stuff/thinking that could help me here. So here is what I've got: (1) User Interface Scrolling list of Robot types on the left. "Add " and "<< Remove" buttons in the middle. Default-named scrolling list of Robots on the right. "Set Parameters" button underneath. (So if you wanted an AngryRobot, you'd select AngryRobot on the left list, click "Add" and "AngryRobot1" would show up on the right.) When selecting a Robot on the right, click "Set Parameters..." button which would call yet another model dialog where you'd fill in the parameters. Different dialog called for each Robot type. (2) Data structures an implementation As an end-product I think a HashMap would be most convenient. The keys would be Robot types and the accompanying object would be all of the parameters. The initializer could just retrieve each item one and a time and instantiate. Here's what the data structures would look like: enum ROBOT_TYPE {STUPID, ANGRY, etc} public class RobotInitializer { public ROBOT_TYPE m_type; public string m_name; public int[] m_int_params; public float[] m_float_params; etc. The initializer's constructor would create the appropriate length parameter arrays based on the type: public RobotInitializer(ROBOT_TYPE type, int[] int_array, float[] float_array, etc){ switch (type){ case STUPID: m_int_params = new int[STUPID_INT_PARAM_LENGTH]; System.arraycopy(int_array,0,m_int_params,0,STUPID_INT_PARAM_LENGTH); etc. Once all the RobotInitializers are instantiated, they are added to the HashMap. Iterating through the HashMap, the simulation initializer takes items from the Hashmap and instantiates the appropriate Robots. Is this reasonable? If not, how can it be improved? Thanks

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  • Shared(Static) classes with events in C#

    - by diamandiev
    Here is an example of what i would do in vb: Public Class Class1 Public Shared WithEvents Something As New EventClass Public Shared Sub DoStuff() Handles Something.Test End Sub End Class Public Class EventClass Public Event Test() End Class Now how do i do this in c#. I know there is not handles clause in c# so i need some function that is called and assign the event handlers there. However since its a shared class there is no constructor i must put it somewhere outside of a function. Any ideas?

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  • 2 Classes need each other declared C++

    - by Prodigga
    I have a "Game" class which holds all the games settings and manages the game. I have a "Grid" class which is the grid the game is played on. The "Game" class initializes a "Grid" object as one of its members (passing itself ("this") as one of the parameters for "Grid"s constructor).. The "Grid" object therefor needs to deal with a "Game*" pointer. To do this it needs to know what "Game" is; i need to declare it before "Grid". But "Game" uses "Grid"...so it also needs "Grid" declared before it. so confused on how to include headers/etc correctly here..

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  • Add methods to generated WCF client proxy code

    - by dcstraw
    I'd like to add one additional method for each service operation in my WCF client proxy code (i.e. the generated class that derives from ClientBase). I have written a Visual Studio extension that has an IOperationContractGenerationExtension implementation, but this interface only seems to expose the ability to modify the service interface, not the ClientBase-derived class. Is there any way to generate new methods in the proxy client class?

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  • How should I structure my repository classes?

    - by Innogetics
    I am new to DDD. In my mini-project, I have a structure that looks like this (different from the actual names): EntryClassificationGroup EntryClassification Entry EntryType Should I have just one repository class for all these 4 entities, since they are all related? Or should I have individual repositories for each one?

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  • destructor and copy-constructor calling..(why does it get called at these times)

    - by sil3nt
    Hello there, I have the following code #include <iostream> using namespace std; class Object { public: Object(int id){ cout << "Construct(" << id << ")" << endl; m_id = id; } Object(const Object& obj){ cout << "Copy-construct(" << obj.m_id << ")" << endl; m_id = obj.m_id; } Object& operator=(const Object& obj){ cout << m_id << " = " << obj.m_id << endl; m_id = obj.m_id; return *this; } ~Object(){ cout << "Destruct(" << m_id << ")" << endl; } private: int m_id; }; Object func(Object var) { return var; } int main(){ Object v1(1); cout << "( a )" << endl; Object v2(2); v2 = v1; cout << "( b )" << endl; Object v4 = v1; Object *pv5; pv5 = &v1; pv5 = new Object(5); cout << "( c )" << endl; func(v1); cout << "( d )" << endl; delete pv5; } which outputs Construct(1) ( a ) Construct(2) 2 = 1 ( b ) Copy-construct(1) Construct(5) ( c ) Copy-construct(1) Copy-construct(1) Destruct(1) Destruct(1) ( d ) Destruct(5) Destruct(1) Destruct(1) Destruct(1) I have some issues with this, firstly why does Object v4 = v1; call the copy constructor and produce Copy-construct(1) after the printing of ( b ). Also after the printing of ( c ) the copy-constructor is again called twice?, Im not certain of how this function works to produce that Object func(Object var) { return var; } and just after that Destruct(1) gets called twice before ( d ) is printed. sorry for the long question, I'm confused with the above.

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  • What classes should I map against with NHibernate?

    - by apollodude217
    Currently, we use NHibernate to map business objects to database tables. Said business objects enforce business rules: The set accessors will throw an exception on the spot if the contract for that property is violated. Also, the properties enforce relationships with other objects (sometimes bidirectional!). Well, whenever NHibernate loads an object from the database (e.g. when ISession.Get(id) is called), the set accessors of the mapped properties are used to put the data into the object. What's good is that the middle tier of the application enforces business logic. What's bad is that the database does not. Sometimes crap finds its way into the database. If crap is loaded into the application, it bails (throws an exception). Sometimes it clearly should bail because it cannot do anything, but what if it can continue working? E.g., an admin tool that gathers real-time reports runs a high risk of failing unnecessarily instead of allowing an admin to even fix a (potential) problem. I don't have an example on me right now, but in some instances, letting NHibernate use the "front door" properties that also enforce relationships (especially bidi) leads to bugs. What are the best solutions? Currently, I will, on a per-property basis, create a "back door" just for NHibernate: public virtual int Blah {get {return _Blah;} set {/*enforces BR's*/}} protected virtual int _Blah {get {return blah;} set {blah = value;}} private int blah; I showed the above in C# 2 (no default properties) to demonstrate how this gets us basically 3 layers of, or views, to blah!!! While this certainly works, it does not seem ideal as it requires the BL to provide one (public) interface for the app-at-large, and another (protected) interface for the data access layer. There is an additional problem: To my knowledge, NHibernate does not give you a way to distinguish between the name of the property in the BL and the name of the property in the entity model (i.e. the name you use when you query, e.g. via HQL--whenever you give NHibernate the name (string) of a property). This becomes a problem when, at first, the BR's for some property Blah are no problem, so you refer to it in your O/R mapping... but then later, you have to add some BR's that do become a problem, so then you have to change your O/R mapping to use a new _Blah property, which breaks all existing queries using "Blah" (common problem with programming against strings). Has anyone solved these problems?!

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  • Cannot redeclare class but there are no other classes with that name

    - by hsz
    Hello ! I am working right now with Zend Framework and I've created a Model_User_Row in app\models\User\Row.php. When I try to create an instance of that class in IndexController I get an error: Fatal error: Cannot redeclare class Model_User_Row in F:\Projekty\www\inz\app\models\User\Row.php on line 14 14th line is a close brace. <?php class Model_User_Row extends Zend_Db_Table_Row { /** * @return array */ public function toArray() { $res = parent::toArray(); unset($res['password']); return $res; } } // #14 In my project I have no other class called Model_User_Row. I am a bit confused - how to debug this case ?

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  • importing classes python

    - by Richard
    Just wondering why import sys exit(0) gives me this error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#1>", line 1, in ? exit(0) TypeError: 'str' object is not callable but from sys import exit exit(0) works fine?

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  • How to use rails routes in external classes?

    - by wesgarrison
    I'm using prawn to generate pdfs, set up ala http://wiki.github.com/sandal/prawn/using-prawn-in-rails I'd like to access my routes so I can generate links in my pdfs, but now I'm not in a template like I used to do with prawnto, so I don't have access to the named routes. class MyPdf < Prawn::Document def to_pdf text root_path end end How can I include my named routes?

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  • Am I trying to Implement Multiple Inheritance. How can I do this.

    - by Shantanu Gupta
    I have created a class say A which has some functions defined as protected. Now Class B inherits A and class C inherits B. Class A has private default constructor and protected parameterized constructor. I want Class B to be able to access all the protected functions defined in Class A but class C can have access on some of the functions only not all the functions and class C is inheriting class B. How can I restrict access to some of the functions of Class A from Class C ? EDIT: namespace Db { public Class A { private A(){} protected A(string con){assign this value} protected DataTable getTable(){return Table;} protected Sqlparameters setParameters(){return parameter;} } } namespace Data { public Class B:A { protected B():base("constring"){} protected DataTable output(){return getTable();} protected sqlparameter values(param IDataParameter[] parameter){} } } namespace Bsns { public Class C:B { protected C():base(){} protected DataTable show() {return values(setparameter());} } } EDIT I think what I am trying to do here is Multiple inheritance. Please check. Class A { //suppose 10 functions are declared } Class B:A { //5 functions declared which are using A's function in internal body } Class C:B { //using all functions of B but require only 4 functions of A to be accessible by C. }

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  • Is it possible to create custom methods in entity classes in linq to sql

    - by doekman
    I have a table Site in SQL with (amongst others) three properties idReviewer1, idReviewer2, idReviewer3. Now I would like to create a methods on the entity class of Site to check if a user is a reviewer: partial class Site { public bool IsReviewer(int idUser) { return idReviewer1 == idUser || idReviewer2 == idUser || idReviewer3 == idUser; } } and I use it like this: return from s in db.Sites where s.IsReviewer(user) select s; However, Linq to SQL doesn't know how to translate this to SQL. I get the following error message: Method 'Boolean IsReviewer(Int32)' has no supported translation to SQL. I'd rather not write this: return from s in db.Sites where idReviewer1 == idUser || idReviewer2 == idUser || idReviewer3 == idUser select s; Is there any way to put this functionality in one place, without resorting to SQL?

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  • Creating An Utilities Class?

    - by Soo
    Hello SO, I'm very new to OOP and am trying my hardest to keep things strictly class based, while using good coding priciples. I'm a fair ways into my project now and I have a lot of general use methods I want to put into an utilities class. Is there a best way to create an utilities class? public class Utilities { int test; public Utilites() { } public int sum(int number1, int number2) { test = number1+number2; } return test; } After creating this Utilities class, do I just create an Utilities object, and run the methods of my choosing? Do I have this Utilities class idea correct?

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  • Java Passing variables around classes

    - by nazerb
    I am new to java and am trying to pass variables like in the following example from one class to another, im wondering is this possible and how i would go about it if it is. As this code does not work as it is not static. Main Class public class testAll { public static void main(String[] args) { One one = new One(); Two two = new Two(); } } The first class: public class One { public int test = 4; public int getTest() { return this.test; } } The second class: public class Two { public void value() { System.out.print("Var is: " + One.getTest()); } } Thanks, Naz

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  • Why can't you call a non-static method from a static method?

    - by VoodooChild
    I have a static method [Method1] in my class, which calls another method [Method2] in the same class and is not a static method. But this is a no-no. I get this error: An object reference is required for the non-static field, method, or property "ClassName.MethodName()" Can someone please briefly describe why? including other things that might be related to this.

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  • Assign multiple css classes to a table element in Rails

    - by Eric K
    I'm trying to style a table row using both cycle and a helper, like shown: <tr class= <%= cycle("list-line-odd #{row_class(item)}", "list-line-even #{row_class(item)}")%> > However, when I do this, the resulting HTML is: <tr class = "list-line-odd" lowest-price> with the return from the helper method not enclosed in the quotes, and therefore not recognized. Here's the helper I'm using: def row_class(item) if item.highest_price > 0 and item.lowest_price > 0 and item.highest_price != item.lowest_price if item.current_price >= item.highest_price "highest-price" elsif item.current_price <= item.lowest_price "lowest-price" end end end I must be missing something obvious, but I just can't figure out how to wrap both the result of cycle and the helper method return in the same set of quotes. Any help would be greatly appreciated!

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  • Android: passing paramters between classes

    - by Yang
    I have a class2 which is involved by class1 when clicks are made. I have to pass some parameters/objects from class1 to class2. I only know the standard way which does not have an option of passing parameters. // launch the full article Intent i = new Intent(this, Class2.class); startActivity(i);

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  • How to implement callback methods inside classes (PHP)

    - by sombe
    I need to use a class callback method on an array inside another method (the callback function belongs to the class). class Database { public function escape_string_for_db($string){ return mysql_real_escape_string($string); } public function escape_all_array($array){ return array_filter($array,"$this->escape_string_for_db"); } } Is this the right way to go about that? (I mean, in terms of the second parameter passed to array_filter)

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  • Storing Instances of Classes in Flex Shared Objects

    - by babyangel86
    Is it possible to store instances of a class in a cookie or in shared objects. Basically in my application I have an object "Diagram" that the user can create. If they hit save, I want to store the current instance as a cookie and allows them to reload it later. Alternatively, I could see about getting them to store the saved version on the hard disk. But even then, all I want to save and retreive is my actionscript object. Is this possible? I've tried storing the object to SharedObject.data.diag, but when I try to retrieve the object from the cookie doing SharedObject.data.diag as Diag returns null.

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  • Haskell type classes and type families (cont'd)

    - by Giuseppe Maggiore
    I need some help in figuring a compiler error which is really driving me nuts... I have the following type class: infixl 7 --> class Selectable a s b where type Res a s b :: * (-->) :: (CNum n) => (Reference s a) -> (n,(a->b),(a->b->a)) -> Res a s b which I instance twice. First time goes like a charm: instance Selectable a s b where type Res a s b = Reference s b (-->) (Reference get set) (_,read,write) = (Reference (\s -> let (v,s') = get s in (read v,s')) (\s -> \x -> let (v,s') = get s v' = write v x (_,s'') = set s' v' in (x,s''))) since the type checker infers (-->) :: Reference s a -> (n,a->b,a->b->a) -> Reference s b and this signature matches with the class signature for (--) since Res a s b = Reference s b Now I add a second instance and everything breaks: instance (Recursive a, Rec a ~ reca) => Selectable a s (Method reca b c) where type Res a s (Method reca b c) = b -> Reference s c (-->) (Reference get set) (_,read,write) = \(x :: b) -> from_constant( Constant(\(s :: s)-> let (v,s') = get s :: (a,s) m = read v ry = m x :: Reference (reca) c (y,v') = getter ry (cons v) :: (c,reca) v'' = elim v' (_,s'') = set s' v'' in (y,s''))) :: Reference s c the compiler complains that Couldn't match expected type `Res a s (Method reca b c)' against inferred type `b -> Reference s c' The lambda expression `\ (x :: b) -> ...' has one argument, which does not match its type In the expression: \ (x :: b) -> from_constant (Constant (\ (s :: s) -> let ... in ...)) :: Reference s c In the definition of `-->': --> (Reference get set) (_, read, write) = \ (x :: b) -> from_constant (Constant (\ (s :: s) -> ...)) :: Reference s c reading carefully the compiler is telling me that it has inferred the type of (--) thusly: (-->) :: Reference s a -> (n,a->(Method reca b c),a->(Method reca b c)->a) -> (b -> Reference s c) which is correct since Res a s (Method reca b c) = b -> Reference s c but why can't it match the two definitions? Sorry for not offering a more succint and standalone example, but in this case I cannot figure how to do it...

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  • jquery :last missing multiple classes

    - by mickyjtwin
    I have an unordered list, and am using jquery to find the last ul and apply a class. jQuery("ul.class1:last").addClass("lastUi"); The html is as follows: <ul class="class1"></ul> <ul class="class1"></ul> This is working fine, however it has now changed in that another class is being added to the list so the html looks like: <ul class="class1"></ul> <ul class="class1 class2"></ul> <ul class="class1"></ul> <ul class="class1 class2"></ul> The jQuery code is now not picking up the last ul with both class1 and class2 as the last element and isn't adding the lastUI class.

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  • How are classes more secure than structures ?

    - by Asad Hanif
    Structure's member are public by default ans class's members are private by default. We can access private data members through a proper channel (using member function). If we have access to member functions we can read/write data in private data member, so how it is secure...we are accessing it and we are changing data too.....

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  • get_called_class hack not working with eval-code.

    - by Ekampp
    Hi there. I am using a ge_called_class hack for allowing late static binding in php version 5.2 (found here). I have the following in my code: # db_record.php $ac = "ForumThread"; $objects = $ac::find("all"); This will not work in php 5.2 for some reason, so I have done this: # db_record.php $ac = "ForumThread"; eval("\$objects = {$ac}::find('all');"); This on the other hand will not work with the get_called_class function. I get an error that the file function can't read the evaled section of code. So how do I solve this problem? Best regards.

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