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• Using Sandcastle to build code contracts documentation

  - by DigiMortal

  In my last posting about code contracts I showed how code contracts are documented in XML-documents. In this posting I will show you how to get code contracts documented with Sandcastle and Sandcastle Help File Builder. Before we start, let’s download Sandcastle tools we need: Sandcastle Sandcastle Help File Builder Install Sandcastle first and then Sandcastle Help File Builder. Because we are generating only HTML based documentation we upload to server we don’t need any other tools. Of course, we need Cassini or IIS, but I expect it to be already there in your machine. Open your project and turn on XML-documentation for project and contracts. Now let’s run Sandcastle Help File Builder. We have to create new project and add our Visual Studio solution to this project. Now set the HelpFileFormat parameter value to be Website and let builder build the help. You have to wait about two or three minutes until help is ready. Take a look at your documentation that Sandcastle generated – you see not much information there about code contracts and their rules. Enabling code contracts documentation Now let’s include code contracts to documentation. Follow these steps: Open Sandcastle folder and make copy of vs2005 folder. Open CodeContracts folder (c:\program files\microsoft\contracts\) and unzip the archive from sandcastle folder. Copy all unzipped files to Sandcastle folder. Create (yes, create new) and build your Sandcastle Help File Builder documentation project again. Open help. In my case I see something like this now. As you can see then contracts are documented pretty well. We can easily turn on code contracts XML-documentation generation and all our contracts are documented automatically. To get documentation work we had to use Sandcastle help file fixes that are installed with code contracts and if we had previously Sandcastle Help File Builder project we had to create it from start to get new rules accepted. Once the documentation support for contracts works we have to do nothing more to get contracts documented.

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• Deploy code to Windows Azure from Dropbox

  - by Gopinath

  There is a lot of innovation happening at Windows Azure team these days under the leadership of ScottGu. The recent updates to Windows Azure published couple of days ago allows us to deploy code to Windows Azure websites straight from Dropbox. It’s very easy and simple to use. Authorize Windows Azure account to talk to Dropbox and whenever you want to deploy latest code from Dropbox just click it button. Boom! The latest code from Dropbox will be automatically deployed on Windows Azure. Everything works like magic. Wow, isn’t this a cool feature for those who don’t want to maintain their version control systems like Git, Svn or TFS? This is a big deal to many developers who maintain their personal websites source code on Dropbox. Wondering why developers maintain their source code in Dropbox? It’s easy to use Dropbox(zero learning curve) and setting up a source control systems demands lot of administrative activities as well as money for hosting them. Here is a quick walk through of deploying code to Windows Azure from Dropbox. Though I’m not going to user this feature for deploying code of my website coziie.com (I’ve a personal SVN server hosted), I’m going to recommend to all my friends who maintain their source code on Dropbox.  For more details read the detailed post on ScottGu’s blog.

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• Documenting mathematical logic in code

  - by Kiril Raychev

  Sometimes, although not often, I have to include math logic in my code. The concepts used are mostly very simple, but the resulting code is not - a lot of variables with unclear purpose, and some operations with not so obvious intent. I don't mean that the code is unreadable or unmaintainable, just that it's waaaay harder to understand than the actual math problem. I try to comment the parts which are hardest to understand, but there is the same problem as in just coding them - text does not have the expressive power of math. I am looking for a more efficient and easy to understand way of explaining the logic behind some of the complex code, preferably in the code itself. I have considered TeX - writing the documentation and generating it separately from the code. But then I'd have to learn TeX, and the documentation will not be in the code itself. Another thing I thought of is taking a picture of the mathematical notations, equations and diagrams written on paper/whiteboard, and including it in javadoc. Is there a simpler and clearer way? P.S. Giving descriptive names(timeOfFirstEvent instead of t1) to the variables actually makes the code more verbose and even harder too read.

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• Code Clone Analysis on Rawr &ndash; Part 1

  - by Dylan Smith

  In this post we’ll take a look at the first result from the Code Clone Analysis, and do some refactoring to eliminate the duplication.  The first result indicated that it found an exact match repeated 14 times across the solution, with 18 lines of duplicated code in each of the 14 blocks.   Net Lines Of Code Deleted: 179     In this case the code in question was a bunch of classes representing the various Bosses.  Every Boss class has a constructor that initializes a whole bunch of properties of that boss, however, for most bosses a lot of these are simply set to 0’s.     Every Boss class inherits from the class MultiDiffBoss, so I simply moved all the initialization of the various properties to the base class constructor, and left it up to the Boss subclasses to only set those that are different than the default values. In this case there are actually 22 Boss subclasses, however, due to some inconsistencies in the code structure Code Clone only identified 14 of them as identical blocks.  Since I was in there refactoring the 14 identified already, it was pretty straightforward to identify the other 8 subclasses that had the same duplicated behavior and refactor those also.   Note: Code Clone Analysis is pretty slow right now.  It takes approx 1 min to build this solution, but it takes 9 mins to run Code Clone Analysis.  Personally, if the results are high quality I’m OK with it taking a long time to run since I don’t expect it’s something I would be running all that often.  However, it would be nice to be able to run it as part of a nightly build, but at this time I don’t believe it’s possible to run outside of Visual Studio due to a dependency on the meta-data available in the VS environment.

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• What are some techniques I can use to refactor Object Oriented code into Functional code?

  - by tieTYT

  I've spent about 20-40 hours developing part of a game using JavaScript and HTML5 canvas. When I started I had no idea what I was doing. So it started as a proof of concept and is coming along nicely now, but it has no automated tests. The game is starting to become complex enough that it could benefit from some automated testing, but it seems tough to do because the code depends on mutating global state. I'd like to refactor the whole thing using Underscore.js, a functional programming library for JavaScript. Part of me thinks I should just start from scratch using a Functional Programming style and testing. But, I think refactoring the imperative code into declarative code might be a better learning experience and a safer way to get to my current state of functionality. Problem is, I know what I want my code to look like in the end, but I don't know how to turn my current code into it. I'm hoping some people here could give me some tips a la the Refactoring book and Working Effectively With Legacy Code. For example, as a first step I'm thinking about "banning" global state. Take every function that uses a global variable and pass it in as a parameter instead. Next step may be to "ban" mutation, and to always return a new object. Any advice would be appreciated. I've never taken OO code and refactored it into Functional code before.

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• Interface contracts – forcing code contracts through interfaces

  - by DigiMortal

  Sometimes we need a way to make different implementations of same interface follow same rules. One option is to duplicate contracts to all implementation but this is not good option because we have duplicated code then. The other option is to force contracts to all implementations at interface level. In this posting I will show you how to do it using interface contracts and contracts class. Using code from previous example about unit testing code with code contracts I will go further and force contracts at interface level. Here is the code from previous example. Take a careful look at it because I will talk about some modifications to this code soon. public interface IRandomGenerator {     int Next(int min, int max); }   public class RandomGenerator : IRandomGenerator {     private Random _random = new Random();       public int Next(int min, int max)     {         return _random.Next(min, max);     } }    public class Randomizer {     private IRandomGenerator _generator;       private Randomizer()     {         _generator = new RandomGenerator();     }       public Randomizer(IRandomGenerator generator)     {         _generator = generator;     }       public int GetRandomFromRangeContracted(int min, int max)     {         Contract.Requires<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(             min < max,             "Min must be less than max"         );           Contract.Ensures(             Contract.Result<int>() >= min &&             Contract.Result<int>() <= max,             "Return value is out of range"         );           return _generator.Next(min, max);     } } If we look at the GetRandomFromRangeContracted() method we can see that contracts set in this method are applicable to all implementations of IRandomGenerator interface. Although we can write new implementations as we want these implementations need exactly the same contracts. If we are using generators somewhere else then code contracts are not with them anymore. To solve the problem we will force code contracts at interface level. NB! To make the following code work you must enable Contract Reference Assembly building from project settings. Interface contracts and contracts class Interface contains no code – only definitions of members that implementing type must have. But code contracts must be defined in body of member they are part of. To get over this limitation, code contracts are defined in separate contracts class. Interface is bound to this class by special attribute and contracts class refers to interface through special attribute. Here is the IRandomGenerator with contracts and contracts class. Also I write simple fake so we can test contracts easily based only on interface mock. [ContractClass(typeof(RandomGeneratorContracts))] public interface IRandomGenerator {     int Next(int min, int max); }   [ContractClassFor(typeof(IRandomGenerator))] internal sealed class RandomGeneratorContracts : IRandomGenerator {     int IRandomGenerator.Next(int min, int max)     {         Contract.Requires<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(                 min < max,                 "Min must be less than max"             );           Contract.Ensures(             Contract.Result<int>() >= min &&             Contract.Result<int>() <= max,             "Return value is out of range"         );           return default(int);     } }   public class RandomFake : IRandomGenerator {     private int _testValue;       public RandomGen(int testValue)     {         _testValue = testValue;     }       public int Next(int min, int max)     {         return _testValue;     } } To try out these changes use the following code. var gen = new RandomFake(3);   try {     gen.Next(10, 1); } catch(Exception ex) {     Debug.WriteLine(ex.Message); }   try {     gen.Next(5, 10); } catch(Exception ex) {     Debug.WriteLine(ex.Message); } Now we can force code contracts to all types that implement our IRandomGenerator interface and we must test only the interface to make sure that contracts are defined correctly.

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• Problems using Maven to initialize a local thoughtsite (App Engine sample) project in Eclipse

  - by ovr

  This sample app ("thoughtsite") for App Engine contains a pom.xml in its trunk: http://code.google.com/p/thoughtsite/source/browse/#svn/trunk I ran mvn eclipse:eclipse and also tried using m2eclipse to import this source code into an Eclipse project. But I end up with this error despite the fact that I have the Google App Engine plugin and the Google App Engine SDK installed: Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError at com.google.appengine.tools.info.SdkImplInfo.<clinit>(SdkImplInfo.java:19) at com.google.appengine.tools.util.Logging.initializeLogging(Logging.java:36) at com.google.appengine.tools.development.DevAppServerMain.main(DevAppServerMain.java:82) Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to discover the Google App Engine SDK root. This code should be loaded from the SDK directory, but was instead loaded from file:~/.m2/repository/com/google/appengine/appengine-tools-sdk/1.3.0/appengine-tools-sdk-1.3.0.jar. Specify -Dappengine.sdk.root to override the SDK location. at com.google.appengine.tools.info.SdkInfo.findSdkRoot(SdkInfo.java:106) at com.google.appengine.tools.info.SdkInfo.<clinit>(SdkInfo.java:24) ... 3 more When I go into the project settings under "Google" and try to set it to use the default App Engine SDK it always reverts to trying to use Maven's App Engine SDK instead. No idea how to get this project working.

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• Linux time sample based profiler.

  - by Caspin

  short version: Is there a good time based sampling profiler for Linux? long version: I generally use OProfile to optimize my applications. I recently found a shortcoming that has me wondering. The problem was a tight loop spawning c++filt to demangle a c++ name. I only stumbled upon the code by accident while chasing down another bottleneck. The OProfile didn't show anything unusual about the code so I almost ignored it but my code sense told me to optimize the call and see what happened. I changed the popen of c++filt to abi::__cxa_demangle. The runtime went from more than a minute to a little over a second. About a x60 speed up. Is there a way I could have configured OProfile to flag the popen call? As the profile data sits now OProfile thinks the bottle neck was the heap and std::string calls (which BTW once optimized dropped the runtime to less than a second, more than x2 speed up). Here is my OProfile configuration: $ sudo opcontrol --status Daemon not running Event 0: CPU_CLK_UNHALTED:90000:0:1:1 Separate options: library vmlinux file: none Image filter: /path/to/excutable Call-graph depth: 7 Buffer size: 65536 Is there another profiler for Linux that could have found the bottleneck? I suspect the issue is that OProfile only logs its samples to the currently running process. I'd like it to always log its samples to the process I'm profiling. So if the process is currently switched out (blocking on IO or a popen call) OProfile would just place its sample at the blocked call. If I can't fix this, OProfile will only be useful when the executable is pushing near 100% CPU. It can't help with executables that that have inefficient blocking calls.

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• Java Concurrency in practice sample question

  - by andy boot

  I am reading "Java Concurrency in practice" and looking at the example code on page 51. This states that if a thread has references to a shared object then other threads may be able to access that object before the constructor has finished executing. I have tried to put this into practice and so I wrote this code thinking that if I ran it enough times a RuntimeException("World is f*cked") would occur. But it isn't doing. Is this a case of the Java spec not guaranting something but my particular implementation of java guaranteeing it for me? (java version: 1.5.0 on Ubuntu) Or have I misread something in the book? Code: (I expect an exception but it is never thrown) public class Threads { private Widgit w; public static void main(String[] s) throws Exception { while(true){ Threads t = new Threads(); t.runThreads(); } } private void runThreads() throws Exception{ new Checker().start(); w = new Widgit((int)(Math.random() * 100) + 1); } private class Checker extends Thread{ private static final int LOOP_TIMES = 1000; public void run() { int count = 0; for(int i = 0; i < LOOP_TIMES; i++){ try { w.checkMe(); count++; } catch(NullPointerException npe){ //ignore } } System.out.println("checked: "+count+" times out of "+LOOP_TIMES); } } private static class Widgit{ private int n; private int n2; Widgit(int n) throws InterruptedException{ this.n = n; Thread.sleep(2); this.n2 = n; } void checkMe(){ if (n != n2) { throw new RuntimeException("World is f*cked"); } } } }

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• WCF errors in VS 2010/.Net 4 using sample publish/subscribe app from IDesign website

  - by Bill

  I am attempting to compile/run a sample WCF application from Juval Lowy's website (author of Programming WCF Services & founder of IDesign). The application is an example of a publish/subscribe 'traffic-light' application that requires using VS 2010/.Net 4. This is my first attempt at using anything other than VS 2008/Net 3.5. Initially I recieved the following binding error: "Configuration binding extension 'system.serviceModel/bindings/ netOnewayRelayBinding' could not be found." This error appeared to be resolved by amending the .Net 4 machine.config file, to incorporate the following references from the .Net 2 machine.config file. <xml> <bindingElementExtensions> <add name="tcpRelayTransport" type="Microsoft.ServiceBus.Configuration.TcpRelayTransportElement, Microsoft.ServiceBus, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" /> <add name="httpRelayTransport" type="Microsoft.ServiceBus.Configuration.HttpRelayTransportElement, Microsoft.ServiceBus, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" /> <add name="httpsRelayTransport" type="Microsoft.ServiceBus.Configuration.HttpsRelayTransportElement, Microsoft.ServiceBus, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" /> <add name="onewayRelayTransport" type="Microsoft.ServiceBus.Configuration.RelayedOnewayTransportElement, Microsoft.ServiceBus, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" /> <add name="webMessageEncoding" type="System.ServiceModel.Configuration.WebMessageEncodingElement, System.ServiceModel.Web, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/> <add name="context" type="System.ServiceModel.Configuration.ContextBindingElementExtensionElement, System.ServiceModel, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089"/> <add name="byteStreamMessageEncoding" type="System.ServiceModel.Configuration.ByteStreamMessageEncodingElement, System.ServiceModel.Channels, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/> <add name="discoveryClient" type="System.ServiceModel.Discovery.Configuration.DiscoveryClientElement, System.ServiceModel.Discovery, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/> </bindingElementExtensions> <bindingExtensions> <add name="webHttpBinding" type="System.ServiceModel.Configuration.WebHttpBindingCollectionElement, System.ServiceModel.Web, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/> <add name="basicHttpContextBinding" type="System.ServiceModel.Configuration.BasicHttpContextBindingCollectionElement, System.ServiceModel, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089"/> <add name="basicHttpRelayBinding" type="Microsoft.ServiceBus.Configuration.BasicHttpRelayBindingCollectionElement, Microsoft.ServiceBus, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" /> <add name="webHttpRelayBinding" type="Microsoft.ServiceBus.Configuration.WebHttpRelayBindingCollectionElement, Microsoft.ServiceBus, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" /> <add name="ws2007HttpRelayBinding" type="Microsoft.ServiceBus.Configuration.WS2007HttpRelayBindingCollectionElement, Microsoft.ServiceBus, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" /> <add name="netTcpRelayBinding" type="Microsoft.ServiceBus.Configuration.NetTcpRelayBindingCollectionElement, Microsoft.ServiceBus, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" /> <add name="netOnewayRelayBinding" type="Microsoft.ServiceBus.Configuration.NetOnewayRelayBindingCollectionElement, Microsoft.ServiceBus, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" /> <add name="netEventRelayBinding" type="Microsoft.ServiceBus.Configuration.NetEventRelayBindingCollectionElement, Microsoft.ServiceBus, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/> <add name="wsHttpContextBinding" type="System.ServiceModel.Configuration.WSHttpContextBindingCollectionElement, System.ServiceModel, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089"/> <add name="netTcpContextBinding" type="System.ServiceModel.Configuration.NetTcpContextBindingCollectionElement, System.ServiceModel, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089"/> </bindingExtensions> Unfortunately running the application results in the following security error: An error occurred creating the configuration section handler for system.serviceModel/client: That assembly does not allow partially trusted callers. (\TrafficLights\TrafficController\bin\Debug\TrafficController.vshost.exe.Config line 4) The sample source code is available for download at the following link: http://www.idesign.net/idesign/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabindex=-1&tabid=19&download=226 I know that Juval's code is not at fault here and that it must be something I'm doing wrong with my VS 2010 configuration. I have not been able to find a solution online. Could someone please steer me in the right direction as to how best to deal with this issue?

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• php slideshow sample

  - by serhio

  I try to do a simple image slideshow in php (just cycle images, no links, no other effects). after some googling I found the following in net: <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Php Slideshow</TITLE> <script language="javascript"> var speed = 4000; // time picture is displayed var delay = 3; // time it takes to blend to the next picture x = new Array; var y = 0; <?php $tel=0; $tst='.jpg'; $p= "./images"; $d = dir($p); $first = NULL; while (false !== ($entry = $d->read())) { if (stristr ($entry, $tst)) { $entry = $d->path."/".$entry; print ("x[$tel]='$entry';\n"); if ($first == NULL) { $first = $entry; } $tel++; } } $d->close(); ?> function show() { document.all.pic.filters.blendTrans.Apply(); document.all.pic.src = x[y++]; document.all.pic.filters.blendTrans.Play(delay); if (y > x.length - 1) y = 0; } function timeF() { setTimeout(show, speed); } </script> </HEAD> <BODY > <!-- add html code here --> <?php print ("<IMG src='$first' id='pic' onload='timeF()' style='filter:blendTrans()' >"); ?> <!-- add html code here --> </BODY> </HTML> but it displays only the first image from the cycle. Do I something wrong? the resulting HTML page is: <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Php Slideshow</TITLE> <script language="javascript"> var speed = 4000; // time picture is displayed var delay = 3; // time it takes to blend to the next picture x = new Array; var y = 0; x[0]='./images/under_construction.jpg'; x[1]='./images/BuildingBanner.jpg'; x[2]='./images/littleLift.jpg'; x[3]='./images/msfp_smbus1_01.jpg'; x[4]='./images/escalator.jpg'; function show() { document.all.pic.filters.blendTrans.Apply(); document.all.pic.src = x[y++]; document.all.pic.filters.blendTrans.Play(delay); if (y > x.length - 1) y = 0; } function timeF() { setTimeout(show, speed); } </script> </HEAD> <BODY > <!-- add html code here --> <IMG src='./images/under_construction.jpg' id='pic' onload='timeF()' style='filter:blendTrans()' ><!-- add html code here --> </BODY> </HTML>

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• Platform Builder: Building Cloned Code from Multiple OS Versions

  - by Bruce Eitman

  My career goal is to delete more code than I write, and so far I have been fairly successful. But of course once in a while I need to clone code from the public tree which is contrary to my goal. Usually what follows is a new OS release. To help reach my goal, my team uses the same BSP code for multiple versions of the OS. That means that we need to handle the cloned code so that the correct code builds for the OS version that we are working on. To handle this we could use SKIPBUILD in the sources file, but that gets messy if the cloned code contains multiple folders. The solution that we use is to have a parent folder with subfolders that contain the OS version number. Example: PM |-PM500 |-PM600 |-PM700 The version number corresponds to the environment variable _WINCEOSVER. Then we have a simple DIRS file in the parent folder: DIRS=PM$( _WINCEOSVER) Which automatically selects the folder that goes with the OS version that we are building.   Copyright © 2010 – Bruce Eitman All Rights Reserved

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• Lightweight PHP/HTML/CSS editor with code browser

  - by Nisto

  I'm looking for a freeware editor which has; syntax highlighting and a code browser (or code suggestions/hints). Preferably freeware license! I've tried out quite a few editors, but a lot of them are unfortunately very resource heavy and provides a lot more functions than I ever needed. So far, there's two editors that I really like, and is lightweight: jEdit and Notepad++. Although, unfortunately... Notepad++ doesn't have code browser support for both control structures and functions for PHP. Also, there's no code browser for HTML... I really liked jEdit as well, but there doesn't seem to be a code browser for it. Except for maybe Completion, but it's a bothersome plugin, and doesn't show the code browser unless you type something in and press CTRL+B. Other editors I've tried, but wasn't satisfied with: Adobe Dreamweaver CodeLobster PHP Edition Aptana Studio Komodo Edit EditPlus BlueFish PHP Designer 2007 - Personal PhpStorm Scriptly Eclipse UltraEdit Notepad2 EditPad Pro Rapid PHP EDIT I'm using Windows XP

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• How does whitespace affect Python code?

  - by Codereview

  I've started programming about a year ago, I've learned the C and C++ languages and bits of Java. Recently I've started to learn the Python language (Notable: I'm using the Eclipse IDE). I'm used to formatting my code with whitespace, placing statements a bit to the right of my code for easier readability. Since I started working with Python it seems whitespace is a problem, I get some unnecessary whitespace warnings, and my code gets underlined (In eclipse). After a while I figured Python is very restrictive about whitespace for some reason, so I've been looking for the effects of whitespace on Python code. How does it affect the code? Does the code work different with unnecessary whitespace?

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• Why is design by contract considered an alternative to the pseudo programming process?

  - by zoopp

  Right now I'm reading Code Complete by Steve McConnell and in chapter 9 he talks about the Pseudo Programming Process (PPP). From what I've understood, the PPP is a way of programming in which the programmer first writes the pseudo code for the routine he's working on, then refines it up to the point where pretty much each pseudo code line can be implemented in 1-3 lines of code, then writes the code in the designated programming language and finally the pseudo code is saved as comments for the purpose of documenting the routine. In chapter 9.4 the author mentions alternatives to the PPP, one of which is 'design by contract'. In design by contract you basically assert preconditions and postconditions of each routine. Now why would that be considered an alternative? To me it seems obvious that I should use both techniques at the same time and not chose one over the other.

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• Code Reuse is (Damn) Hard

  - by James Michael Hare

  Being a development team lead, the task of interviewing new candidates was part of my job.  Like any typical interview, we started with some easy questions to get them warmed up and help calm their nerves before hitting the hard stuff. One of those easier questions was almost always: “Name some benefits of object-oriented development.”  Nearly every time, the candidate would chime in with a plethora of canned answers which typically included: “it helps ease code reuse.”  Of course, this is a gross oversimplification.  Tools only ease reuse, its developers that ultimately can cause code to be reusable or not, regardless of the language or methodology. But it did get me thinking…  we always used to say that as part of our mantra as to why Object-Oriented Programming was so great.  With polymorphism, inheritance, encapsulation, etc. we in essence set up the concepts to help facilitate reuse as much as possible.  And yes, as a developer now of many years, I unquestionably held that belief for ages before it really struck me how my views on reuse have jaded over the years.  In fact, in many ways Agile rightly eschews reuse as taking a backseat to developing what's needed for the here and now.  It used to be I was in complete opposition to that view, but more and more I've come to see the logic in it.  Too many times I've seen developers (myself included) get lost in design paralysis trying to come up with the perfect abstraction that would stand all time.  Nearly without fail, all of these pieces of code become obsolete in a matter of months or years. It’s not that I don’t like reuse – it’s just that reuse is hard.  In fact, reuse is DAMN hard.  Many times it is just a distraction that eats up architect and developer time, and worse yet can be counter-productive and force wrong decisions.  Now don’t get me wrong, I love the idea of reusable code when it makes sense.  These are in the few cases where you are designing something that is inherently reusable.  The problem is, most business-class code is inherently unfit for reuse! Furthermore, the code that is reusable will often fail to be reused if you don’t have the proper framework in place for effective reuse that includes standardized versioning, building, releasing, and documenting the components.  That should always be standard across the board when promoting reusable code.  All of this is hard, and it should only be done when you have code that is truly reusable or you will be exerting a large amount of development effort for very little bang for your buck. But my goal here is not to get into how to reuse (that is a topic unto itself) but what should be reused.  First, let’s look at an extension method.  There’s many times where I want to kick off a thread to handle a task, then when I want to reign that thread in of course I want to do a Join on it.  But what if I only want to wait a limited amount of time and then Abort?  Well, I could of course write that logic out by hand each time, but it seemed like a great extension method: 1: public static class ThreadExtensions 2: { 3: public static bool JoinOrAbort(this Thread thread, TimeSpan timeToWait) 4: { 5: bool isJoined = false; 6:  7: if (thread != null) 8: { 9: isJoined = thread.Join(timeToWait); 10:  11: if (!isJoined) 12: { 13: thread.Abort(); 14: } 15: } 16: return isJoined; 17: } 18: } 19:  When I look at this code, I can immediately see things that jump out at me as reasons why this code is very reusable.  Some of them are standard OO principles, and some are kind-of home grown litmus tests: Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) – The only reason this extension method need change is if the Thread class itself changes (one responsibility). Stable Dependencies Principle (SDP) – This method only depends on classes that are more stable than it is (System.Threading.Thread), and in itself is very stable, hence other classes may safely depend on it. It is also not dependent on any business domain, and thus isn't subject to changes as the business itself changes. Open-Closed Principle (OCP) – This class is inherently closed to change. Small and Stable Problem Domain – This method only cares about System.Threading.Thread. All-or-None Usage – A user of a reusable class should want the functionality of that class, not parts of that functionality.  That’s not to say they most use every method, but they shouldn’t be using a method just to get half of its result. Cost of Reuse vs. Cost to Recreate – since this class is highly stable and minimally complex, we can offer it up for reuse very cheaply by promoting it as “ready-to-go” and already unit tested (important!) and available through a standard release cycle (very important!). Okay, all seems good there, now lets look at an entity and DAO.  I don’t know about you all, but there have been times I’ve been in organizations that get the grand idea that all DAOs and entities should be standardized and shared.  While this may work for small or static organizations, it’s near ludicrous for anything large or volatile. 1: namespace Shared.Entities 2: { 3: public class Account 4: { 5: public int Id { get; set; } 6:  7: public string Name { get; set; } 8:  9: public Address HomeAddress { get; set; } 10:  11: public int Age { get; set;} 12:  13: public DateTime LastUsed { get; set; } 14:  15: // etc, etc, etc... 16: } 17: } 18:  19: ... 20:  21: namespace Shared.DataAccess 22: { 23: public class AccountDao 24: { 25: public Account FindAccount(int id) 26: { 27: // dao logic to query and return account 28: } 29:  30: ... 31:  32: } 33: } Now to be fair, I’m not saying there doesn’t exist an organization where some entites may be extremely static and unchanging.  But at best such entities and DAOs will be problematic cases of reuse.  Let’s examine those same tests: Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) – The reasons to change for these classes will be strongly dependent on what the definition of the account is which can change over time and may have multiple influences depending on the number of systems an account can cover. Stable Dependencies Principle (SDP) – This method depends on the data model beneath itself which also is largely dependent on the business definition of an account which can be very inherently unstable. Open-Closed Principle (OCP) – This class is not really closed for modification.  Every time the account definition may change, you’d need to modify this class. Small and Stable Problem Domain – The definition of an account is inherently unstable and in fact may be very large.  What if you are designing a system that aggregates account information from several sources? All-or-None Usage – What if your view of the account encompasses data from 3 different sources but you only care about one of those sources or one piece of data?  Should you have to take the hit of looking up all the other data?  On the other hand, should you have ten different methods returning portions of data in chunks people tend to ask for?  Neither is really a great solution. Cost of Reuse vs. Cost to Recreate – DAOs are really trivial to rewrite, and unless your definition of an account is EXTREMELY stable, the cost to promote, support, and release a reusable account entity and DAO are usually far higher than the cost to recreate as needed. It’s no accident that my case for reuse was a utility class and my case for non-reuse was an entity/DAO.  In general, the smaller and more stable an abstraction is, the higher its level of reuse.  When I became the lead of the Shared Components Committee at my workplace, one of the original goals we looked at satisfying was to find (or create), version, release, and promote a shared library of common utility classes, frameworks, and data access objects.  Now, of course, many of you will point to nHibernate and Entity for the latter, but we were looking at larger, macro collections of data that span multiple data sources of varying types (databases, web services, etc). As we got deeper and deeper in the details of how to manage and release these items, it quickly became apparent that while the case for reuse was typically a slam dunk for utilities and frameworks, the data access objects just didn’t “smell” right.  We ended up having session after session of design meetings to try and find the right way to share these data access components. When someone asked me why it was taking so long to iron out the shared entities, my response was quite simple, “Reuse is hard...”  And that’s when I realized, that while reuse is an awesome goal and we should strive to make code maintainable, often times you end up creating far more work for yourself than necessary by trying to force code to be reusable that inherently isn’t. Think about classes the times you’ve worked in a company where in the design session people fight over the best way to implement a class to make it maximally reusable, extensible, and any other buzzwordable.  Then think about how quickly that design became obsolete.  Many times I set out to do a project and think, “yes, this is the best design, I can extend it easily!” only to find out the business requirements change COMPLETELY in such a way that the design is rendered invalid.  Code, in general, tends to rust and age over time.  As such, writing reusable code can often be difficult and many times ends up being a futile exercise and worse yet, sometimes makes the code harder to maintain because it obfuscates the design in the name of extensibility or reusability. So what do I think are reusable components? Generic Utility classes – these tend to be small classes that assist in a task and have no business context whatsoever. Implementation Abstraction Frameworks – home-grown frameworks that try to isolate changes to third party products you may be depending on (like writing a messaging abstraction layer for publishing/subscribing that is independent of whether you use JMS, MSMQ, etc). Simplification and Uniformity Frameworks – To some extent this is similar to an abstraction framework, but there may be one chosen provider but a development shop mandate to perform certain complex items in a certain way.  Or, perhaps to simplify and dumb-down a complex task for the average developer (such as implementing a particular development-shop’s method of encryption). And what are less reusable? Application and Business Layers – tend to fluctuate a lot as requirements change and new features are added, so tend to be an unstable dependency.  May be reused across applications but also very volatile. Entities and Data Access Layers – these tend to be tuned to the scope of the application, so reusing them can be hard unless the abstract is very stable. So what’s the big lesson?  Reuse is hard.  In fact it’s damn hard.  And much of the time I’m not convinced we should focus too hard on it. If you’re designing a utility or framework, then by all means design it for reuse.  But you most also really set down a good versioning, release, and documentation process to maximize your chances.  For anything else, design it to be maintainable and extendable, but don’t waste the effort on reusability for something that most likely will be obsolete in a year or two anyway.

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• Five C# Code Snippets

  A snippet is a small section of text or source code that can be inserted into the code of a program. Snippets provide an easy way to implement commonly used code or functions into a larger section of code. Instead of rewriting the same code over and over again, a programmer can save the code [...] Related posts:How To Obtain Environment Details With .NET 3.5 How-to: Easily Send Emails With .NET Understanding SMTP Status Codes ...Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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• Does a prose to code compiler exist?

  - by Raynos

  I have seen some horrible code in my time including people virtually duplicating the code in comments // add 4 to x x+=4; // for each i in 0 to 9 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { // multiply x by i x *= i; } Taking this concept further, I'm curious whether prose to code compilers exist. Is there a valid use case for English prose to code? Do compilers exist that do this? The distinction between this and auto generated code, is that auto generated code is generally always a subset of a project. Can we have complete projects auto generated from english prose? I realise that this might overlap with the concept of declarative languages.

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• Extending SSIS with custom Data Flow components (Presentation)

  Download the slides and sample code from my Extending SSIS with custom Data Flow components presentation, first presented at the SQLBits II (The SQL) Community Conference. Abstract Get some real-world insights into developing data flow components for SSIS. This starts with an introduction to the data flow pipeline engine, and explains the real differences between adapters and the three sub-types of transformation. Understanding how the different types of component behave and manage data is key to writing components of your own, and probably should but be required knowledge for anyone building packages at all. Using sample code throughout, I will show you how to write components, as well as highlighting best practice and lessons learned. The sample code includes fully working example projects for source, destination and transformation components. Presentation & Samples (358KB) Extending SSIS with custom Data Flow components.zip

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• why not use unmanaged safe code in c#

  - by user613326

  There is an option in c# to execute code unchecked. It's generally not advised to do so, as managed code is much safer and it overcomes a lot of problems. However I am wondering, if you're sure your code won't cause errors, and you know how to handle memory then why (if you like fast code) follow the general advice? I am wondering this since I wrote a program for a video camera, which required some extremely fast bitmap manipulation. I made some fast graphical algorithms myself, and they work excellent on the bitmaps using unmanaged code. Now I wonder in general, if you're sure you don't have memory leaks, or risks of crashes, why not use unmanaged code more often ? PS my background: I kinda rolled into this programming world and I work alone (I do so for a few years) and so I hope this software design question isn't that strange. I don't really have other people out there like a teacher to ask such things.

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• Releasing a project under GPL v2 or later without the source code of libraries

  - by Luciano Silveira

  I wrote a system in Java that I want to release under the terms of GPL v2 or later. I've used Apache Maven to deal with all the dependencies of the system, so I don't have the source code of any of the libraries used. I've already checked, all the libraries were released under GPL-compatible licenses (Apache v2, 3-clause BSD, MIT, LGPL v2 and v2.1). I have 3 questions about this scenario: 1) Can I release a package with only the binaries of code I wrote, not including the libraries, and distribute only the source code I wrote? 2) Can I release a package with all the binaries, including the libraries, and distribute only the source code I wrote? 3) Can I release a package with all the binaries, including the libraries, and distribute only the source code I wrote plus the source code of the libraries licensed under the LGPL license?

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• How do you handle measuring Code Coverage in JavaScript

  - by Dancrumb

  In order to measure Code Coverage for JavaScript unit tests, one needs to instrument the code, run the tests and then perform post-processing. My concern is that, as a result, you are unit testing code that will never be run in production. Since JavaScript isn't compiled, what you test should be precisely what you execute. So here's my question, how do you handle this? One thought I had was to run Unit Testing on the production code and use that for my pass fail. I would then create a shadow of my production code, with instrumentation and run my unit tests again; this would give me my code coverage stats. Has anyone come across a method that is a little more graceful than this?

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• What is testable code?

  - by Michael Freidgeim

  We are improving quality of code and trying to develop more unit tests. The question that developers asked  was  "How to make code testable ?"  From http://openmymind.net/2010/8/17/Write-testable-code-even-if-you-dont-write-tests/ First and foremost, its loosely coupled, taking advantage of dependency injection (and auto-wiring), composition and interface-programming. Testable code is also readable - meaning it leverages single responsibility principle and Liskov substitution principle.A few practical suggestions are listed in http://misko.hevery.com/code-reviewers-guide/More recommendations are in http://googletesting.blogspot.com/2008/08/by-miko-hevery-so-you-decided-to.htmlIt is slightly too theoretical - " the trick is translating these abstract concepts into concrete decisions in your code."

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• Un espace de revue de code a ouvert ses portes dans la rubrique Qt, venez participer

  Bonjour à tous, Suite à une certaine demande après le défi, il nous a semblé utile d'organiser quelque peu une revue de code Qt. En deux mots, de quoi s'agit-il ? Des développeurs plus expérimentés lisent le code d'autres développeurs et le commentent : ceci aurait été mieux d'une autre manière, ce commentaire ne veut rien dire, ce pavé de code devrait être réécrit, etc. Des remarques sur le fond et la forme du code, sur son organisation, les patrons de conception utilisés, les concepts inhérents à Qt et/ou au C++ mal compris ou mal appliqués, etc. L'objectif est de confronter les opinions sur un code pour qu'au final tout le monde y gagne. Pour l'organisation, autant faire simple : pour ceux qui souhaitent une revue de code, créez un ...

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• Top X tips to code & debug efficiently [closed]

  - by user1510230

  I'm starting a big Java project and I wanted to have some advices that could benefit us all. What are the X (X could be 5 / 10 / ... or even 100 :) most important tips to code and debug efficiently in general (and in particular with java / javascript) ? I'll start with some basic ones : Use functions everytime a portion of code is used more than twice. Try not to code features with more than 15 lines of code in one shot. Rather write 5 lines of code then check if they work correctly then write 5 more... and so on start with the outcome of the function and then code it backwards (bottom-top approach) ... Thanks everybody

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